Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.26565/1992-4259-2020-23-01
Ю. М. Деньга, Валерий Иванович Михайленко, Ю. В. Олейнік, Т. А. Сафранов, д-р г.-м, наук, проф
Purpose. The study is aimed at estimation of marine pollution in the northwestern part of the Black Sea by some persistent organic pollutants (POPs), in particular polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and hexachlorobenzene (HCB). Methods. Peculiarities of marine pollution were determined on the basis of research conducted at the Ukrainian Scientific Center of Ecology of the Sea (UkrSCES). The content of PCBs and HCB was determined on a gas chromatograph Agilent 7890B with a capillary column and an electronic capture detector using the methods of the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA-3545A, 3630C, 8081, 8082A, 8275A). The ecological state of the marine environment was determined using developed in UkrSCES the “Ecological standards of marine environment quality”, which allow us to assess the quality status of such components of the marine environment (sea water, bottom sediments and biota). Results. The methodology of environmental standards has been adapted to assess the pollution of the marine environment of POPs. The ecological state of sea water and bottom sediments of the northwestern part of the Black Sea is determined according to the established values of Maximum Concentration Limit (MCL) and Ecological Standards (ES). The ecological state of marine biota was assessed by HCB pollution according to the established Ecological Standard. The European analogue of MCL (MAC-EQS) for industrial marine organisms was used to assess the ecological state of marine organisms for PCBs pollution (but it should be noted that the assessment was performed only for non-dioxin-like PCBs. Standard for the content of PCBs in marine organisms, in particular, – of industrial importance, must be implemented in Ukraine at the legislative level. For integral assessment of the ecological state of the marine environment and the specifics of POPs pollution in the northwestern part of the Black Sea, it is necessary to introduce a comprehensive monitoring system that would analyze marine pollution by all POPs required by the Stockholm Convention. Conclusions. The ecological state of the sea water of the northwestern part of the Black Sea by POPs pollution in most cases corresponds to the category "very good". The state of marine biota in most cases corresponds to the quality classes "good" and "very good", but in Ukraine there are no clear standards that would regulate the content of PCBs in marine biota, in particular – for industrial important species of marine organisms. The ecological condition of bottom sediments is mainly classified as "satisfactory" and "poor", which under certain natural conditions can be a source of secondary pollution of sea water and biota. For integral assessment of the ecological state, it is necessary to take into account all POPs, which can significantly change the results of the assessment of the quality of the marine environment of the northwestern part of the Black Sea.
{"title":"Peculiarities of Pollution by Some Persistent Organic Pollutants of the Marine Environment of the Northwestern Part of the Black Sea","authors":"Ю. М. Деньга, Валерий Иванович Михайленко, Ю. В. Олейнік, Т. А. Сафранов, д-р г.-м, наук, проф","doi":"10.26565/1992-4259-2020-23-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/1992-4259-2020-23-01","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. The study is aimed at estimation of marine pollution in the northwestern part of the Black Sea by some persistent organic pollutants (POPs), in particular polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and hexachlorobenzene (HCB). Methods. Peculiarities of marine pollution were determined on the basis of research conducted at the Ukrainian Scientific Center of Ecology of the Sea (UkrSCES). The content of PCBs and HCB was determined on a gas chromatograph Agilent 7890B with a capillary column and an electronic capture detector using the methods of the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA-3545A, 3630C, 8081, 8082A, 8275A). The ecological state of the marine environment was determined using developed in UkrSCES the “Ecological standards of marine environment quality”, which allow us to assess the quality status of such components of the marine environment (sea water, bottom sediments and biota). Results. The methodology of environmental standards has been adapted to assess the pollution of the marine environment of POPs. The ecological state of sea water and bottom sediments of the northwestern part of the Black Sea is determined according to the established values of Maximum Concentration Limit (MCL) and Ecological Standards (ES). The ecological state of marine biota was assessed by HCB pollution according to the established Ecological Standard. The European analogue of MCL (MAC-EQS) for industrial marine organisms was used to assess the ecological state of marine organisms for PCBs pollution (but it should be noted that the assessment was performed only for non-dioxin-like PCBs. Standard for the content of PCBs in marine organisms, in particular, – of industrial importance, must be implemented in Ukraine at the legislative level. For integral assessment of the ecological state of the marine environment and the specifics of POPs pollution in the northwestern part of the Black Sea, it is necessary to introduce a comprehensive monitoring system that would analyze marine pollution by all POPs required by the Stockholm Convention. Conclusions. The ecological state of the sea water of the northwestern part of the Black Sea by POPs pollution in most cases corresponds to the category \"very good\". The state of marine biota in most cases corresponds to the quality classes \"good\" and \"very good\", but in Ukraine there are no clear standards that would regulate the content of PCBs in marine biota, in particular – for industrial important species of marine organisms. The ecological condition of bottom sediments is mainly classified as \"satisfactory\" and \"poor\", which under certain natural conditions can be a source of secondary pollution of sea water and biota. For integral assessment of the ecological state, it is necessary to take into account all POPs, which can significantly change the results of the assessment of the quality of the marine environment of the northwestern part of the Black Sea.","PeriodicalId":40624,"journal":{"name":"Visnyk of V N Karazin Kharkiv National University-Series Geology Geography Ecology","volume":"201 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79949021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.26565//1992-4259-2020-23-12
Purpose. Evaluation of the role of individual strains of microorganisms in transfer of 137Cs in spring wheat and rapeseed plants. Methods. Fieldwork, laboratory experiments, inoculation, gamma spectrometry. Results. Soil microorganisms can both reduce and enhance the transition of 137Cs from soil to plants. Inoculating microorganisms, when used on nutrient poor soils, accelerate the growth of plants in length, which indicates an improvement in their growing conditions. Studies have shown that it does not depend on the localization of the microorganism on the root surface, because all analyzed bacteria belonged to the group colonizing the rhizosphere of the plant. In experiments with wheat, there was no significant reduction in 137Cs accumulation. The use of drug complexes based on the bacterial strains Agrobacterium radiobacter IMV B-7246 and A. chroococcum UKM B-6082 for inoculation of rapeseed and Azotobacter chroococcum UKM B-6003 can be considered as an additional radioprotective method of blocking the influx of 137Cs in these rural plants. Conclusions. Soil microorganisms can both reduce and increase the accumulation of 137Cs in plant biomass and this property does not depend on the localization of the microorganism on the root surface, because all analyzed bacteria belonged to the group colonizing the rhizosphere of the plant. The use of inoculation of seeds of agricultural plants with bacterial preparations under the conditions of cultivation on soil contaminated with radionuclides as an additional measure to reduce the accumulation of radionuclides in the green mass of plants is proposed.
{"title":"Transfer of 137Cs to Cereal Plants Due to Microorganisms Activity","authors":"","doi":"10.26565//1992-4259-2020-23-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565//1992-4259-2020-23-12","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. Evaluation of the role of individual strains of microorganisms in transfer of 137Cs in spring wheat and rapeseed plants. Methods. Fieldwork, laboratory experiments, inoculation, gamma spectrometry. Results. Soil microorganisms can both reduce and enhance the transition of 137Cs from soil to plants. Inoculating microorganisms, when used on nutrient poor soils, accelerate the growth of plants in length, which indicates an improvement in their growing conditions. Studies have shown that it does not depend on the localization of the microorganism on the root surface, because all analyzed bacteria belonged to the group colonizing the rhizosphere of the plant. In experiments with wheat, there was no significant reduction in 137Cs accumulation. The use of drug complexes based on the bacterial strains Agrobacterium radiobacter IMV B-7246 and A. chroococcum UKM B-6082 for inoculation of rapeseed and Azotobacter chroococcum UKM B-6003 can be considered as an additional radioprotective method of blocking the influx of 137Cs in these rural plants. Conclusions. Soil microorganisms can both reduce and increase the accumulation of 137Cs in plant biomass and this property does not depend on the localization of the microorganism on the root surface, because all analyzed bacteria belonged to the group colonizing the rhizosphere of the plant. The use of inoculation of seeds of agricultural plants with bacterial preparations under the conditions of cultivation on soil contaminated with radionuclides as an additional measure to reduce the accumulation of radionuclides in the green mass of plants is proposed.","PeriodicalId":40624,"journal":{"name":"Visnyk of V N Karazin Kharkiv National University-Series Geology Geography Ecology","volume":"162 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85821421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.26565/1992-4259-2020-22-09
Purpose. Botanical analysis of existing vegetation in the territory of the “Beremitske” Nature Park for further zoning and selection of individual territories where reproduction of the original state of the phytocenosis is planned. Methods. Field research methods for the analysis of the taxonomic composition of the flora in the park, cartographic methods for zoning the area and historical analysis of the land use of the former landowners. Results. The conducted flora monitoring showed that in the studied territories the adventitious and synanthropic species predominated, in particular in the meadow-steppe areas the invasive and synanthropic vegetation was represented by Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Asclepias syriaca, Amaranthus retroflexus, Arctium lappa, Sonchus arvensis, Tanacetum vulgare, Medicago lupulina, Verbascum phlomoides, Urtica dioica. Among the wood forms Betula pendula, Robinia pseudoacacia, Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris, Pinus sylvestris Populus nigra, Alnus glutinosa, Carpinus betulus predominated. Among the rare plants we identified the accumulation of Iris sibirica in some meadow-swamp areas. The scheme of the park has been developed and the starting points at which flora reproduction is planned to be identified. Conclusions. The species composition of the phytocenosis showed the predominance of invasive vegetation species in some areas of the park. The growth sites of the endangered species of Iris sibirica have been found, and in the future will allow to design new ecological trails in the park and to reintroduce it to other suitable sites. The data obtained will allow to develop a scheme of restoration of the original floral biodiversity in the park, taking into account the identified features.
{"title":"State o Phytocenosis in Beremytske Nature Park","authors":"","doi":"10.26565/1992-4259-2020-22-09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/1992-4259-2020-22-09","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. Botanical analysis of existing vegetation in the territory of the “Beremitske” Nature Park for further zoning and selection of individual territories where reproduction of the original state of the phytocenosis is planned. Methods. Field research methods for the analysis of the taxonomic composition of the flora in the park, cartographic methods for zoning the area and historical analysis of the land use of the former landowners. Results. The conducted flora monitoring showed that in the studied territories the adventitious and synanthropic species predominated, in particular in the meadow-steppe areas the invasive and synanthropic vegetation was represented by Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Asclepias syriaca, Amaranthus retroflexus, Arctium lappa, Sonchus arvensis, Tanacetum vulgare, Medicago lupulina, Verbascum phlomoides, Urtica dioica. Among the wood forms Betula pendula, Robinia pseudoacacia, Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris, Pinus sylvestris Populus nigra, Alnus glutinosa, Carpinus betulus predominated. Among the rare plants we identified the accumulation of Iris sibirica in some meadow-swamp areas. The scheme of the park has been developed and the starting points at which flora reproduction is planned to be identified. Conclusions. The species composition of the phytocenosis showed the predominance of invasive vegetation species in some areas of the park. The growth sites of the endangered species of Iris sibirica have been found, and in the future will allow to design new ecological trails in the park and to reintroduce it to other suitable sites. The data obtained will allow to develop a scheme of restoration of the original floral biodiversity in the park, taking into account the identified features.","PeriodicalId":40624,"journal":{"name":"Visnyk of V N Karazin Kharkiv National University-Series Geology Geography Ecology","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78663753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.26565/1992-4259-2020-23-09
Владислав Витальевич Жук, К. Ю. Тимчук
Purpose. To collect information on available on the Ukrainian market veterinary medicinal products to treat honey bee varroosis caused by Varroa destructor Anderson and Trueman, 2000; to systematize the information and compile the list of the veterinary medicinal products taking into account the content of active substances, dosage form and producer. Methods. Analysis of the information obtained in 2015–2020 by surveying beekeepers, direct communication with them, browsing Internet resources, visiting veterinary pharmacies; creation of an information database of anti-Varroa medicinal products. Results. As for September 2020, at least 136 items of veterinary medicinal products to treat varroosis are available on the market in Ukraine, of which 79 are imported. They contain ten active substances (amitraz – in 37 products, fluvalinate – 30, flumethrin – 12, bromopropylate – 5, coumaphos – 2, acrinatrin – 1, thymol – 14, formic acid – 6, lactic acid – 6, oxalic acid – 9), vegetable essential oils and other substances. However, as for February 2020, only 17 anti-Varroa products have been included into the State Register of Veterinary Medicinal Products Permitted for Use in Ukraine. Analogs with the same concentration of the same active substance from different producers have been identified; drugs with the same name but different origins, differing both in the concentration of the active substance and in the dosage form; numerous technical errors in the indication of initial concentrations on the sites of online stores, as well as other risks associated with the dishonesty of sellers. Conclusions. The obtained results stress the need to strengthen control over the market of veterinary medicaments to treat honey bee varroosis in Ukraine.
{"title":"Veterinary Medicinal Products to Treat Varroosis on the Ukrainian Market in the Context of Risk Factors Analysis for Honey Bees","authors":"Владислав Витальевич Жук, К. Ю. Тимчук","doi":"10.26565/1992-4259-2020-23-09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/1992-4259-2020-23-09","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. To collect information on available on the Ukrainian market veterinary medicinal products to treat honey bee varroosis caused by Varroa destructor Anderson and Trueman, 2000; to systematize the information and compile the list of the veterinary medicinal products taking into account the content of active substances, dosage form and producer. Methods. Analysis of the information obtained in 2015–2020 by surveying beekeepers, direct communication with them, browsing Internet resources, visiting veterinary pharmacies; creation of an information database of anti-Varroa medicinal products. Results. As for September 2020, at least 136 items of veterinary medicinal products to treat varroosis are available on the market in Ukraine, of which 79 are imported. They contain ten active substances (amitraz – in 37 products, fluvalinate – 30, flumethrin – 12, bromopropylate – 5, coumaphos – 2, acrinatrin – 1, thymol – 14, formic acid – 6, lactic acid – 6, oxalic acid – 9), vegetable essential oils and other substances. However, as for February 2020, only 17 anti-Varroa products have been included into the State Register of Veterinary Medicinal Products Permitted for Use in Ukraine. Analogs with the same concentration of the same active substance from different producers have been identified; drugs with the same name but different origins, differing both in the concentration of the active substance and in the dosage form; numerous technical errors in the indication of initial concentrations on the sites of online stores, as well as other risks associated with the dishonesty of sellers. Conclusions. The obtained results stress the need to strengthen control over the market of veterinary medicaments to treat honey bee varroosis in Ukraine.","PeriodicalId":40624,"journal":{"name":"Visnyk of V N Karazin Kharkiv National University-Series Geology Geography Ecology","volume":"146 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77670263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.26565/1992-4259-2020-22-04
Березна Воля
Purpose. To determine the content of radionuclides 137Сs, 90Sr and heavy metals in water bodies within the boundaries of settlements of Kamyn-Kashirsky, Lyubeshivsky and Manevychi administrative districts of Volyn region. Methods. During the expedition and laboratory work, standard methods of sampling, preparation and measurement of samples were used according to the current methods of radiochemical, radiospectrometric, ichthyological, hydrochemical, statistical analyses, etc. The determination of the total content of heavy metals was performed in laboratory conditions by conventional methods. Results. The research is based on its own analyses, as well as the stock materials of the Scientific Information Center for Water Management and Ecological Monitoring and Optimization of Water Use. Features of 137Сs, 90Sr radionuclides distribution in reservoirs (water, sediments, fish, birds) within the zone of radioactive contamination in Volyn Region are considered. The maximum concentrationі of 137Сs, 90Sr in the studied area were determined. The anthropogenic impact and excess of the maximum permissible concentrations and maximum permissible levels of toxic substances in the ecosystem links of certain water bodies of the partially contaminated region are identified. Conclusions. As a result of the study on the level of concentrations of 137Сs and 90Sr and heavy metals in water (within the boundaries of settlements) of the investigated area, it was found that reservoirs in village of Prylisne, village of Velyka Osnytsya, village of Cherevakha in Manevitsky District, village of Nuyno in Kamin-Kashirsky District and the village of Vetly in Lyubeshiv Administrative Distict are affected by the highest concentrations of 137Сs and 90Sr. The significant content of heavy metal salts is recorded in the reservoirs, namely in the village of Serhiv – lead, village of Prylisne in Manevytskyi District– zinc, cadmium; in the village Berezna Volia in Lyubeshiv District – copper; in the village of Nuyno in Kamin-Kashirsky District – lead.
{"title":"Radiological Assessment of Reservoirs in Volyn Region that is Under Radioactive Contamination","authors":"Березна Воля","doi":"10.26565/1992-4259-2020-22-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/1992-4259-2020-22-04","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. To determine the content of radionuclides 137Сs, 90Sr and heavy metals in water bodies within the boundaries of settlements of Kamyn-Kashirsky, Lyubeshivsky and Manevychi administrative districts of Volyn region. Methods. During the expedition and laboratory work, standard methods of sampling, preparation and measurement of samples were used according to the current methods of radiochemical, radiospectrometric, ichthyological, hydrochemical, statistical analyses, etc. The determination of the total content of heavy metals was performed in laboratory conditions by conventional methods. Results. The research is based on its own analyses, as well as the stock materials of the Scientific Information Center for Water Management and Ecological Monitoring and Optimization of Water Use. Features of 137Сs, 90Sr radionuclides distribution in reservoirs (water, sediments, fish, birds) within the zone of radioactive contamination in Volyn Region are considered. The maximum concentrationі of 137Сs, 90Sr in the studied area were determined. The anthropogenic impact and excess of the maximum permissible concentrations and maximum permissible levels of toxic substances in the ecosystem links of certain water bodies of the partially contaminated region are identified. Conclusions. As a result of the study on the level of concentrations of 137Сs and 90Sr and heavy metals in water (within the boundaries of settlements) of the investigated area, it was found that reservoirs in village of Prylisne, village of Velyka Osnytsya, village of Cherevakha in Manevitsky District, village of Nuyno in Kamin-Kashirsky District and the village of Vetly in Lyubeshiv Administrative Distict are affected by the highest concentrations of 137Сs and 90Sr. The significant content of heavy metal salts is recorded in the reservoirs, namely in the village of Serhiv – lead, village of Prylisne in Manevytskyi District– zinc, cadmium; in the village Berezna Volia in Lyubeshiv District – copper; in the village of Nuyno in Kamin-Kashirsky District – lead.","PeriodicalId":40624,"journal":{"name":"Visnyk of V N Karazin Kharkiv National University-Series Geology Geography Ecology","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90458949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.26565/1992-4259-2020-23-04
Purpose. To find ways to improve the soil properties of forest ecosystems after the action of the pyrogen- ic factor: to propose technological measures to restore the quality and improve the soil properties of the ecosystem; to prove the effectiveness of using clay in soil cleaning as a sorbent. Methods. The introduction of clay as a potential sorbent for cleaning fertile soils from trace metals is proposed. The mineral composition of the clay was determined by X-ray phase analysis. Clay materials can be successfully used in adsorption cleaning technologies. The method of phytoremediation with the help of dandelion to concentrate trace metal was used also. The concentration of trace metal was determined by atomic adsorption analysis. Results. The task of the experimental study was to substantiate the possibility of using cheap natural clay raw materials without its prior activation to remove trace metals from the soil solution. In the case of post-pyrogenic relaxation of ecosystems under conditions of man-caused load, the soil in the restored area may be contaminated with VM and other hazardous substances. The clay of the Kharkiv region was chosen for the experiment. The experiment proved the effectiveness of the use of clay in soil purification as a sorbent, and phytoremediation of dandelion in relation to heavy metals. Thus, both technical and biological methods of VM sorption to prepare the soil for planting can be recommended for the restoration of the forest ecosystem after a fire. The proposed technological measures to restore the quality and soil properties of the ecosystem include the implementation of design and survey work, including field research; implementation of the state ecological research (monitoring); cleaning the affected area from damaged trees; reclamation of soil fertility of regenerative territories, provided by design of restoration, depending on characteristic features of damages of sites and the subsequent application of regenerative territories. Conclusions. At postpyrogenic relaxation of ecosystems, in the conditions of technogenic loading, the efficiency of using clay in soil cleaning as a sorbent and phytoremediation with dandelion in relation to heavy metals has been proved.
{"title":"Recommendations for Ensuring Environmental Safety of Ecosystem Restoration After Fire","authors":"","doi":"10.26565/1992-4259-2020-23-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/1992-4259-2020-23-04","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. To find ways to improve the soil properties of forest ecosystems after the action of the pyrogen- ic factor: to propose technological measures to restore the quality and improve the soil properties of the ecosystem; to prove the effectiveness of using clay in soil cleaning as a sorbent. Methods. The introduction of clay as a potential sorbent for cleaning fertile soils from trace metals is proposed. The mineral composition of the clay was determined by X-ray phase analysis. Clay materials can be successfully used in adsorption cleaning technologies. The method of phytoremediation with the help of dandelion to concentrate trace metal was used also. The concentration of trace metal was determined by atomic adsorption analysis. Results. The task of the experimental study was to substantiate the possibility of using cheap natural clay raw materials without its prior activation to remove trace metals from the soil solution. In the case of post-pyrogenic relaxation of ecosystems under conditions of man-caused load, the soil in the restored area may be contaminated with VM and other hazardous substances. The clay of the Kharkiv region was chosen for the experiment. The experiment proved the effectiveness of the use of clay in soil purification as a sorbent, and phytoremediation of dandelion in relation to heavy metals. Thus, both technical and biological methods of VM sorption to prepare the soil for planting can be recommended for the restoration of the forest ecosystem after a fire. The proposed technological measures to restore the quality and soil properties of the ecosystem include the implementation of design and survey work, including field research; implementation of the state ecological research (monitoring); cleaning the affected area from damaged trees; reclamation of soil fertility of regenerative territories, provided by design of restoration, depending on characteristic features of damages of sites and the subsequent application of regenerative territories. Conclusions. At postpyrogenic relaxation of ecosystems, in the conditions of technogenic loading, the efficiency of using clay in soil cleaning as a sorbent and phytoremediation with dandelion in relation to heavy metals has been proved.","PeriodicalId":40624,"journal":{"name":"Visnyk of V N Karazin Kharkiv National University-Series Geology Geography Ecology","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87299110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.26565/1992-4259-2020-23-02
Purpose. Determination of the main factors of anthropogenic impact of the urban system of the city of Lutsk on the river basin of the river Sapalaivka and assessment of the ecological condition of the river on the basis of MIR "Macrophytic index of rivers". Methods. Comparative-geographical, generalization, systematization, statistical, comparative-analytical, descriptive, cartographic. Results. In the Sapalaivka River, 21 indicator species of macrophytes were found in the surveyed test areas, among which - 8 plants belong to dicotyledons, and 13 plants belong to monocotyledons, using which the MIR values were calculated. Depletion of macrophyte species composition from 15-16 in test plots 1 and 2 to 2 species in test plot 3 indicates deterioration of the ecological condition of the river and the emergence of unfavorable conditions for macrophyte habitats. On the territory of the city, the section of the Sapalaivka riverbed, from the beginning of Potapova Street to the mouth, is mostly canalized, the species composition of macrophytes is depleted here and there is a specific smell of sewage. The part of the river that flows in the city (before Potapova Street), which was renaturalized in 2012-2016, has a richer species composition of macrophytes. Outside the city, the Sarpalaivka river basin is in good condition, as evidenced by the species composition of flora and fauna, as well as the intensive development of higher aquatic vegetation. Conclusion. As a result of the calculated ecological index of macrophytes MIR it is established that the water quality in the river Sapalaivka on the test site № 1, belongs to the II class, category - good and by trophic status is mesotrophic; on the test site № 2, belongs to the III class, category - satisfactory and eutrophic in trophic status; on the test site № 3, belongs to class IV, category - poor and trophic status is polytrophic. It is advisable to carry out further environmental measures, especially in the lower reaches of the river, in order to eliminate sources of water pollution, and to monitor the ecological status of the reservoir in order to restore the species composition of macrophytes and the ability to self-clean.
{"title":"Ecological Condition of the Sapalayivka River in the Conditions of Lutsk Urbosystem","authors":"","doi":"10.26565/1992-4259-2020-23-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/1992-4259-2020-23-02","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. Determination of the main factors of anthropogenic impact of the urban system of the city of Lutsk on the river basin of the river Sapalaivka and assessment of the ecological condition of the river on the basis of MIR \"Macrophytic index of rivers\". Methods. Comparative-geographical, generalization, systematization, statistical, comparative-analytical, descriptive, cartographic. Results. In the Sapalaivka River, 21 indicator species of macrophytes were found in the surveyed test areas, among which - 8 plants belong to dicotyledons, and 13 plants belong to monocotyledons, using which the MIR values were calculated. Depletion of macrophyte species composition from 15-16 in test plots 1 and 2 to 2 species in test plot 3 indicates deterioration of the ecological condition of the river and the emergence of unfavorable conditions for macrophyte habitats. On the territory of the city, the section of the Sapalaivka riverbed, from the beginning of Potapova Street to the mouth, is mostly canalized, the species composition of macrophytes is depleted here and there is a specific smell of sewage. The part of the river that flows in the city (before Potapova Street), which was renaturalized in 2012-2016, has a richer species composition of macrophytes. Outside the city, the Sarpalaivka river basin is in good condition, as evidenced by the species composition of flora and fauna, as well as the intensive development of higher aquatic vegetation. Conclusion. As a result of the calculated ecological index of macrophytes MIR it is established that the water quality in the river Sapalaivka on the test site № 1, belongs to the II class, category - good and by trophic status is mesotrophic; on the test site № 2, belongs to the III class, category - satisfactory and eutrophic in trophic status; on the test site № 3, belongs to class IV, category - poor and trophic status is polytrophic. It is advisable to carry out further environmental measures, especially in the lower reaches of the river, in order to eliminate sources of water pollution, and to monitor the ecological status of the reservoir in order to restore the species composition of macrophytes and the ability to self-clean.","PeriodicalId":40624,"journal":{"name":"Visnyk of V N Karazin Kharkiv National University-Series Geology Geography Ecology","volume":"303 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77896532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.26565/1992-4259-2020-22-06
{"title":"Pyrogenic Influence on Pine Stands in the Conditions of Technogenic and Environmental Load","authors":"","doi":"10.26565/1992-4259-2020-22-06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/1992-4259-2020-22-06","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40624,"journal":{"name":"Visnyk of V N Karazin Kharkiv National University-Series Geology Geography Ecology","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79272984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.26565/1992-4259-2020-22-05
The radiation background were performed in the historical center of Kharkiv with its cultural and religious historical objects, city administration, educational institutions, banking establishments, numerous cafes and restaurants, as well as shops is always important. Purpose. To perform the study of the state of radiation background in the historical center of Kharkiv and the radiation pollution maps construction. Methods. Using the dosimeter MKC-05 "TEPPA", regression mapping methods Results. Continuous X-ray and gamma-ray dose rate measurements were conducted on the territory of Kharkiv city center, which is bounded by the Lopan and Kharkiv rivers prior to their confluence, during October 2019. A simple model for constructing the field of radiation background on the terrain according to the results of the dose rate of continuous X-ray and gamma radiation measurements at a finite number of fixed observation points using the equation of a continuous linear regression along a broken line connecting the center of the zone to the farthest peripheral anti-clockwise, or counter - clockwise to the outer center was developed. The radiation pollution maps were developed according to the average values of the radiation dose rate, which has been calculated using both regression models. The error of the model has been considered as a half of the absolute difference of these values. It was determined that the maximum dose rate was observed near the 23rd checkpoint - the beginning of the Kharkiv Bridge. The minimum dose rate - at the 16th and 17th points - the "arrows" of two rivers - Lopan and Kharkiv and near the 24th point - in the square on the Kharkiv river embankment. Conclusions. The condition of the radiation background in the territory of the historical center of Kharkiv during October 2019 is within the normal range. The model made it possible to build a reliable map of radiation pollution on the controlled area based on local measurements results at a certain number of control points and to determine the absolute prediction error, which did not exceed the instrument division. The model can be used for monitoring other types of pollution.
{"title":"The Radiation Background Research on the Kharkiv Historical Center Territory","authors":"","doi":"10.26565/1992-4259-2020-22-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/1992-4259-2020-22-05","url":null,"abstract":"The radiation background were performed in the historical center of Kharkiv with its cultural and religious historical objects, city administration, educational institutions, banking establishments, numerous cafes and restaurants, as well as shops is always important. Purpose. To perform the study of the state of radiation background in the historical center of Kharkiv and the radiation pollution maps construction. Methods. Using the dosimeter MKC-05 \"TEPPA\", regression mapping methods Results. Continuous X-ray and gamma-ray dose rate measurements were conducted on the territory of Kharkiv city center, which is bounded by the Lopan and Kharkiv rivers prior to their confluence, during October 2019. A simple model for constructing the field of radiation background on the terrain according to the results of the dose rate of continuous X-ray and gamma radiation measurements at a finite number of fixed observation points using the equation of a continuous linear regression along a broken line connecting the center of the zone to the farthest peripheral anti-clockwise, or counter - clockwise to the outer center was developed. The radiation pollution maps were developed according to the average values of the radiation dose rate, which has been calculated using both regression models. The error of the model has been considered as a half of the absolute difference of these values. It was determined that the maximum dose rate was observed near the 23rd checkpoint - the beginning of the Kharkiv Bridge. The minimum dose rate - at the 16th and 17th points - the \"arrows\" of two rivers - Lopan and Kharkiv and near the 24th point - in the square on the Kharkiv river embankment. Conclusions. The condition of the radiation background in the territory of the historical center of Kharkiv during October 2019 is within the normal range. The model made it possible to build a reliable map of radiation pollution on the controlled area based on local measurements results at a certain number of control points and to determine the absolute prediction error, which did not exceed the instrument division. The model can be used for monitoring other types of pollution.","PeriodicalId":40624,"journal":{"name":"Visnyk of V N Karazin Kharkiv National University-Series Geology Geography Ecology","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78606264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.26565/1992-4259-2020-22-10
Purpose. To study genesis and introduction of socio-natural approach to environmental education and training. Identification of the modern trends and humanization of ecological knowledge, taking into account the features of socio-natural systems in environmental education. Results. The author emphasizes that the realities of personal well-being have socio-natural origin which is divided into two autonomous units: nature sciences and socio-humanitarity. Comprehension of specificity of society-and-nature integrity has a long history in the Ukrainian science. The author has analysed creative features of this idea in works published by I. Franko, S. Podolyns’ky, V. Vernadsky. Special attention is paid to G. Bachynsky’s socioecological researches who substantiated the necessity of separate science about harmony of society-nature relations– socio-environmental sciences. He gave reasons for the principles of its formation, laws, conceptual system. The appearance of interdisciplinary tendency has caused the need in substantiation of socio-natural approach to environmental education and training. Conclusion. The socio-natural approach is satisfied the concept of sustainable development and social practice of humanity.
{"title":"Socio-Natural Approach to the Environmental Education and Training","authors":"","doi":"10.26565/1992-4259-2020-22-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/1992-4259-2020-22-10","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. To study genesis and introduction of socio-natural approach to environmental education and training. Identification of the modern trends and humanization of ecological knowledge, taking into account the features of socio-natural systems in environmental education. Results. The author emphasizes that the realities of personal well-being have socio-natural origin which is divided into two autonomous units: nature sciences and socio-humanitarity. Comprehension of specificity of society-and-nature integrity has a long history in the Ukrainian science. The author has analysed creative features of this idea in works published by I. Franko, S. Podolyns’ky, V. Vernadsky. Special attention is paid to G. Bachynsky’s socioecological researches who substantiated the necessity of separate science about harmony of society-nature relations– socio-environmental sciences. He gave reasons for the principles of its formation, laws, conceptual system. The appearance of interdisciplinary tendency has caused the need in substantiation of socio-natural approach to environmental education and training. Conclusion. The socio-natural approach is satisfied the concept of sustainable development and social practice of humanity.","PeriodicalId":40624,"journal":{"name":"Visnyk of V N Karazin Kharkiv National University-Series Geology Geography Ecology","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75608963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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