Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.26565/1992-4259-2021-24-08
Purpose. Assessment of nature management competencies of owners of private estates in order to achieve a high culture of nature management. Methods. System analysis, survey method. Results. The poll showed that the respondents – residents of small settlements in the Kharkiv region – treat the harvest from their plots not only as a source of satisfying their own needs, but also as a source of additional income. The level of respondents' satisfaction from the sale of plant products is low. The statistics of responses of the use of means of protection of vegetable, fruit, ornamental crops from pests and diseases, the use of crop rotations, drip irrigation, the use of compost, organic and mineral fertilizers are given. The statistics of the attitude of respondents to the landscape arrangement of their estates are presented. Neighborhood rules were difficult for most of the residents surveyed. The respondents quite consciously carried out self-assessment, they had a desire to improve their own competencies, which are necessary for the effective balanced use of natural resources of their own land plot. Conclusions. The survey of respondents revealed the insufficient competence status of owners of private estates in the field of environmental management, mastering these competencies is relevant for the respondents.
{"title":"Assessment of Competences of Nature Management of Private Farmers","authors":"","doi":"10.26565/1992-4259-2021-24-08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/1992-4259-2021-24-08","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. Assessment of nature management competencies of owners of private estates in order to achieve a high culture of nature management. Methods. System analysis, survey method. Results. The poll showed that the respondents – residents of small settlements in the Kharkiv region – treat the harvest from their plots not only as a source of satisfying their own needs, but also as a source of additional income. The level of respondents' satisfaction from the sale of plant products is low. The statistics of responses of the use of means of protection of vegetable, fruit, ornamental crops from pests and diseases, the use of crop rotations, drip irrigation, the use of compost, organic and mineral fertilizers are given. The statistics of the attitude of respondents to the landscape arrangement of their estates are presented. Neighborhood rules were difficult for most of the residents surveyed. The respondents quite consciously carried out self-assessment, they had a desire to improve their own competencies, which are necessary for the effective balanced use of natural resources of their own land plot. Conclusions. The survey of respondents revealed the insufficient competence status of owners of private estates in the field of environmental management, mastering these competencies is relevant for the respondents.","PeriodicalId":40624,"journal":{"name":"Visnyk of V N Karazin Kharkiv National University-Series Geology Geography Ecology","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90683155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.26565/1992-4259-2021-24-07
Purpose of the study is analysis and assessment of quantitative indexes of the environmental consequences of large-scale forest fires in Ukraine in spring – summer – autumn 2020, which took place mainly in Kyiv, Zhytomyr, Lugansk and Kharkiv regions. Methods. Information analysis, theoretical and computational, numerical simulation, system analysis. Results. The large-scale forest fires in Ukraine in spring – summer – autumn 2020 had very significant environmental consequences was demonstrated. Ecosystems on an area of more than 23,200 hectares have been significantly affected. About 2 Mt of timber was lost. It was found that up to 1 Mt of smoke and about 7 kt of soot was emitted into the atmosphere, which is 15,5 times higher and more than 10 times higher than its average background content in the atmosphere over the entire territory of Ukraine. The emissions of carbon monoxide (over 230 kt), hydrocarbons (up to 0,1 Mt), and carbon dioxide (5,2 Mt) were significant. Emissions of other chemical elements (from tens and hundreds kilotons for nitrogen to tens and hundreds of kilograms for heavy chemical elements) were significant. More than 20 PJ of thermal energy entered the atmosphere, which is equivalent to the explosion energy of a 5-megaton bomb. The average combustion power exceeded 46 GW, which is comparable to the power of all types of energy consumed by Ukraine (about 150 GW). About 70 TJ of acoustic radiation energy entered the atmosphere, which doubled its average background content in the atmosphere over the entire territory of Ukraine. A significant part of this energy fell on the infrasonic range, which was harmful to the biosphere (man). The ecological consequences of large-scale forest fires in 2020 for Ukraine have become record-breaking. More precisely, we are talking about a kind of anti-record. Conclusions. The environmental consequences were record-breaking, or rather anti-record, is shown. Full restoration of forest areas requires a time interval equal of 10 to 100 years.
{"title":"Ecological Consequences of Large-Scale Forest Fires in Ukraine in Spring – Summer – Autumn 2020","authors":"","doi":"10.26565/1992-4259-2021-24-07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/1992-4259-2021-24-07","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of the study is analysis and assessment of quantitative indexes of the environmental consequences of large-scale forest fires in Ukraine in spring – summer – autumn 2020, which took place mainly in Kyiv, Zhytomyr, Lugansk and Kharkiv regions. Methods. Information analysis, theoretical and computational, numerical simulation, system analysis. Results. The large-scale forest fires in Ukraine in spring – summer – autumn 2020 had very significant environmental consequences was demonstrated. Ecosystems on an area of more than 23,200 hectares have been significantly affected. About 2 Mt of timber was lost. It was found that up to 1 Mt of smoke and about 7 kt of soot was emitted into the atmosphere, which is 15,5 times higher and more than 10 times higher than its average background content in the atmosphere over the entire territory of Ukraine. The emissions of carbon monoxide (over 230 kt), hydrocarbons (up to 0,1 Mt), and carbon dioxide (5,2 Mt) were significant. Emissions of other chemical elements (from tens and hundreds kilotons for nitrogen to tens and hundreds of kilograms for heavy chemical elements) were significant. More than 20 PJ of thermal energy entered the atmosphere, which is equivalent to the explosion energy of a 5-megaton bomb. The average combustion power exceeded 46 GW, which is comparable to the power of all types of energy consumed by Ukraine (about 150 GW). About 70 TJ of acoustic radiation energy entered the atmosphere, which doubled its average background content in the atmosphere over the entire territory of Ukraine. A significant part of this energy fell on the infrasonic range, which was harmful to the biosphere (man). The ecological consequences of large-scale forest fires in 2020 for Ukraine have become record-breaking. More precisely, we are talking about a kind of anti-record. Conclusions. The environmental consequences were record-breaking, or rather anti-record, is shown. Full restoration of forest areas requires a time interval equal of 10 to 100 years.","PeriodicalId":40624,"journal":{"name":"Visnyk of V N Karazin Kharkiv National University-Series Geology Geography Ecology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82763156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.26565/1992-4259-2021-24-14
The International Conference "Environmental Security - Current Directions and Prospects for Higher Education".
“环境安全-高等教育的当前方向与前景”国际会议。
{"title":"International Conference “Environmental Safety – Advanced Directions and Ways for Higher Education Development”: First Experience","authors":"","doi":"10.26565/1992-4259-2021-24-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/1992-4259-2021-24-14","url":null,"abstract":"The International Conference \"Environmental Security - Current Directions and Prospects for Higher Education\".","PeriodicalId":40624,"journal":{"name":"Visnyk of V N Karazin Kharkiv National University-Series Geology Geography Ecology","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84080168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.26565/1992-4259-2021-24-03
Topicality. The available information on specific lakes of nature protection fund (NPF) objects, primarily of local significance, is limited to brief information on morphometric and hydrological characteristics, information on the rare component of aquatic organisms and the species diversity of the adjacent catchment areas. This state of affairs does not benefit the development of protected areas and encourages ecological and geographical searches of lakes or lake-basin systems, which are part of the NPF. Purpose is to assess the ecological and geographical condition of the lake basin system Strelske (hydrological monument of nature) for cadastral needs of NPF objects of Polissya region of Ukraine. Methods of regional constructive-geographical limnology, landscape-limnological analysis, soil-geochemical profiling of lake catchments, GIS-cartographic modeling. Results of the study are presented in the form of a cartographic model of the spatial-typological structure of the lands of the lake catchment. Shooting and substantiation of its geoecological condition, bathymetric map of the lake and morphological-morphometric and hydrological calculations of the LBS. The hydrochemical parameters of the lake were analyzed according to the block of indicators of salt composition, tropho-saprobiological characteristics and substances of toxic action. The lithological composition and capacity of the bottom sediments of the lake are estimated, the graphs of radial migration of chemical elements and compounds at one of the probing points are constructed and the qualitative composition of the lake sapropel is substantiated. Using GIS technologies, a landscape map of the natural-aqual complex of the lake was built. Shooting and landscape-metometric assessment of its morphological structure. Conclusions. The basin system has in the past undergone anthropogenic transformations as a result of reclamation nature management, which has limited the share of surface runoff into the lake. The lake water exceeded the MPC by 1.7 times the chemical oxygen demand, 1.6 times the biological oxygen demand and 2 times the total iron consumption. The lake basin is 65.7% filled with bottom sediments, which are represented mainly by organo-iron sapropel. The littoral aqua facies of the lake suffer the greatest anthropogenic load, which is connected with the recreational activities of the seasonally functioning recreation center.
{"title":"Assessment of the Ecological and Geographical Condition of the Basin System Lakes Strilske (Hydrological Monument of Nature)","authors":"","doi":"10.26565/1992-4259-2021-24-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/1992-4259-2021-24-03","url":null,"abstract":"Topicality. The available information on specific lakes of nature protection fund (NPF) objects, primarily of local significance, is limited to brief information on morphometric and hydrological characteristics, information on the rare component of aquatic organisms and the species diversity of the adjacent catchment areas. This state of affairs does not benefit the development of protected areas and encourages ecological and geographical searches of lakes or lake-basin systems, which are part of the NPF. Purpose is to assess the ecological and geographical condition of the lake basin system Strelske (hydrological monument of nature) for cadastral needs of NPF objects of Polissya region of Ukraine. Methods of regional constructive-geographical limnology, landscape-limnological analysis, soil-geochemical profiling of lake catchments, GIS-cartographic modeling. Results of the study are presented in the form of a cartographic model of the spatial-typological structure of the lands of the lake catchment. Shooting and substantiation of its geoecological condition, bathymetric map of the lake and morphological-morphometric and hydrological calculations of the LBS. The hydrochemical parameters of the lake were analyzed according to the block of indicators of salt composition, tropho-saprobiological characteristics and substances of toxic action. The lithological composition and capacity of the bottom sediments of the lake are estimated, the graphs of radial migration of chemical elements and compounds at one of the probing points are constructed and the qualitative composition of the lake sapropel is substantiated. Using GIS technologies, a landscape map of the natural-aqual complex of the lake was built. Shooting and landscape-metometric assessment of its morphological structure. Conclusions. The basin system has in the past undergone anthropogenic transformations as a result of reclamation nature management, which has limited the share of surface runoff into the lake. The lake water exceeded the MPC by 1.7 times the chemical oxygen demand, 1.6 times the biological oxygen demand and 2 times the total iron consumption. The lake basin is 65.7% filled with bottom sediments, which are represented mainly by organo-iron sapropel. The littoral aqua facies of the lake suffer the greatest anthropogenic load, which is connected with the recreational activities of the seasonally functioning recreation center.","PeriodicalId":40624,"journal":{"name":"Visnyk of V N Karazin Kharkiv National University-Series Geology Geography Ecology","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88879921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.26565/1992-4259-2021-24-15
The paper is devoted to present international projects, implemented by Karazin Institute of Environmental Sciences. Key activities and outputs for 2020 on three projects are given in details.
{"title":"International Cooperation of the Karazin Institute of Environmental Sciences: Activity and Outputs","authors":"","doi":"10.26565/1992-4259-2021-24-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/1992-4259-2021-24-15","url":null,"abstract":"The paper is devoted to present international projects, implemented by Karazin Institute of Environmental Sciences. Key activities and outputs for 2020 on three projects are given in details.","PeriodicalId":40624,"journal":{"name":"Visnyk of V N Karazin Kharkiv National University-Series Geology Geography Ecology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75625253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-24DOI: 10.26565/1992-4259-2020-23-07
L. Horoshkova, I. Khlobystov
Purpose. The study objective was to model conditions, mechanisms and opportunities to achieve sustainable development parameters for the national economy. Меthods. Analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, analytical grouping and special (abstraction, modelling, etc.) methods of studying economic phenomena and processes have been used. Results. Based on the analysis of the dynamics of GDP growth rates, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, oxide and carbon dioxide emissions during 1991-2017, the cycle of their change lasting 3 - 5 years has been proved. It has been found out that the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) in Ukraine is a specific one due to the "turning points". According to the results of comparing the cyclicality of per capita income growth rates, GDP indexes with the dynamics of dependence between the hazardous substances emissions and per capita income and GDP in actual prices, it is found that they do not always coincide. It gives grounds to make a conclusion about the presence of lag between the emissions volumes changes and values of per capita income and GDP in actual prices. The conclusions are grounded on the comparison of the dynamics of GDP growth rates, income per capita, pollutant emissions and the parameters of their mutual correlation. It has been proposed to carry out coordinated policy referring its economic, social and environmental components, taking into account the time lag to create the conditions for the EKC curve parameters in the economy of Ukraine. Conclusions. . Based on the analysis of GDP growth rates dynamics, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon oxide and dioxide emissions, the periodicity (cyclicality) of their change has been proved. In Ukraine, EKC has a specific nature in the form of separate «turning points», without achievement of long-term parameters of the relationship between the hazardous substances emissions and GDP and per capita income values. Thus, the feasibility of developing the agreed policy concerning the economic (GDP value), social (population income level) and environmental components (conservation activity financing and decrease of hazardous substances emissions) taking into account the time lag, which will create the conditions for achieving not only temporary values, but also long-term parameters of EKC curve in the Ukrainian economy, was substantiated. The obtained results allow to forecast sustainable development parameters of Ukraine for the future.
{"title":"Econometric Analysis of Sustainable National Economy Development","authors":"L. Horoshkova, I. Khlobystov","doi":"10.26565/1992-4259-2020-23-07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/1992-4259-2020-23-07","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. The study objective was to model conditions, mechanisms and opportunities to achieve sustainable development parameters for the national economy.\u0000\u0000Меthods. Analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, analytical grouping and special (abstraction, modelling, etc.) methods of studying economic phenomena and processes have been used.\u0000\u0000Results. Based on the analysis of the dynamics of GDP growth rates, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, oxide and carbon dioxide emissions during 1991-2017, the cycle of their change lasting 3 - 5 years has been proved. It has been found out that the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) in Ukraine is a specific one due to the \"turning points\". According to the results of comparing the cyclicality of per capita income growth rates, GDP indexes with the dynamics of dependence between the hazardous substances emissions and per capita income and GDP in actual prices, it is found that they do not always coincide. It gives grounds to make a conclusion about the presence of lag between the emissions volumes changes and values of per capita income and GDP in actual prices. The conclusions are grounded on the comparison of the dynamics of GDP growth rates, income per capita, pollutant emissions and the parameters of their mutual correlation. It has been proposed to carry out coordinated policy referring its economic, social and environmental components, taking into account the time lag to create the conditions for the EKC curve parameters in the economy of Ukraine.\u0000\u0000Conclusions. . Based on the analysis of GDP growth rates dynamics, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon oxide and dioxide emissions, the periodicity (cyclicality) of their change has been proved. In Ukraine, EKC has a specific nature in the form of separate «turning points», without achievement of long-term parameters of the relationship between the hazardous substances emissions and GDP and per capita income values. Thus, the feasibility of developing the agreed policy concerning the economic (GDP value), social (population income level) and environmental components (conservation activity financing and decrease of hazardous substances emissions) taking into account the time lag, which will create the conditions for achieving not only temporary values, but also long-term parameters of EKC curve in the Ukrainian economy, was substantiated. The obtained results allow to forecast sustainable development parameters of Ukraine for the future.","PeriodicalId":40624,"journal":{"name":"Visnyk of V N Karazin Kharkiv National University-Series Geology Geography Ecology","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74482128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-23DOI: 10.26565/1992-4259-2020-23-05
O. Krainiukov, I. A. Kryvytska
Purpose. Approbation of the method of encapsulation of silicon dioxide to restore the biological value of oil-contaminated soil. Methods. The encapsulating solution was prepared using sodium silicate (7% w. / vol.) as the main component and a synthetic surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulfate). To restore the contaminated soil, a treatment solution ratio of 1:1, 1:2, 1:3 and 1:4 was used for sodium silicate and sodium dodecyl sulfate, respectively. Phytotoxicity of oil-contaminated soil was determined by biotesting aqueous extracts from the soil. Results. The most optimized for use from the studied ratios of substances is a solution consisting of 2 parts: sodium silicate and sodium dodecyl sulfate. The lowest phytotoxic effect (17%) was recorded at pH of 5 of the treated soil and the ratio of solution components 1:2 (sodium silicate / sodium dodecyl sulfate). In the experiments, 2 species of monocotyledons (oats, corn) and 2 species of dicotyledonous plants (lettuce, black radish) were used. Conclusions. The technology of encapsulation of silicon dioxide in the treatment of oil-contaminated soils with a solution of sodium silicate and sodium dodecyl sulfate is quite economically attractive. The material formed as a result of the encapsulation process dries, forming an amorphous silica material, within which, in our opinion, hydrocarbons and heavy metals accumulate, but further research is needed for such a statement.
目的。二氧化硅包封法恢复石油污染土壤生物价值的初步研究。包封液以水玻璃(7% w. / vol)为主要成分，合成表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠为包封液。为了修复污染土壤，水玻璃和十二烷基硫酸钠的处理溶液比例分别为1:1、1:2、1:3和1:4。采用生物试验法测定了石油污染土壤的植物毒性。从所研究的物质比例来看，最适合使用的是由水玻璃钠和十二烷基硫酸钠两部分组成的溶液。在pH = 5、水玻璃/十二烷基硫酸钠溶液配比为1:2时，植物毒性作用最低(17%)。试验选用2种单子叶植物(燕麦、玉米)和2种双子叶植物(生菜、黑萝卜)。结论。硅酸钠-十二烷基硫酸钠溶液对含油土壤进行二氧化硅包封处理具有经济效益。由于封装过程形成的材料干燥，形成一种无定形的二氧化硅材料，在我们看来，其中积累了碳氢化合物和重金属，但这种说法需要进一步的研究。
{"title":"Use of Silicon Dioxide Encapsulation Method for Restoration of Oil-Polluted Soils","authors":"O. Krainiukov, I. A. Kryvytska","doi":"10.26565/1992-4259-2020-23-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/1992-4259-2020-23-05","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. Approbation of the method of encapsulation of silicon dioxide to restore the biological value of oil-contaminated soil.\u0000\u0000Methods. The encapsulating solution was prepared using sodium silicate (7% w. / vol.) as the main component and a synthetic surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulfate). To restore the contaminated soil, a treatment solution ratio of 1:1, 1:2, 1:3 and 1:4 was used for sodium silicate and sodium dodecyl sulfate, respectively. Phytotoxicity of oil-contaminated soil was determined by biotesting aqueous extracts from the soil.\u0000\u0000Results. The most optimized for use from the studied ratios of substances is a solution consisting of 2 parts: sodium silicate and sodium dodecyl sulfate. The lowest phytotoxic effect (17%) was recorded at pH of 5 of the treated soil and the ratio of solution components 1:2 (sodium silicate / sodium dodecyl sulfate). In the experiments, 2 species of monocotyledons (oats, corn) and 2 species of dicotyledonous plants (lettuce, black radish) were used. \u0000\u0000Conclusions. The technology of encapsulation of silicon dioxide in the treatment of oil-contaminated soils with a solution of sodium silicate and sodium dodecyl sulfate is quite economically attractive. The material formed as a result of the encapsulation process dries, forming an amorphous silica material, within which, in our opinion, hydrocarbons and heavy metals accumulate, but further research is needed for such a statement.","PeriodicalId":40624,"journal":{"name":"Visnyk of V N Karazin Kharkiv National University-Series Geology Geography Ecology","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79285716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.26565/1992-4259-2020-23-11
Purpose. Analysis of honey bee (Apis mellifera Linnaeus, 1758) colony losses in Ukraine for winter 2018–2019 in comparison with the previous year in different physiographic zones of Ukraine and at the operations of different sizes. Methods. Survey of Ukrainian beekeepers for winter 2018–2019 using the standardised COLOSS questionnaire (International honey bee research association COLOSS). A total of 677 valid questionnaires from five physiographic zones of Ukraine were processed. Results. The total loss rate of honey bee colonies for winter 2018–2019 in Ukraine was 11.18 %, the mortality rate was 5.95 %; the losses due to unsolvable queen problems – 3.37 %, and due to natural disasters – 1.86 %. The total losses in the forest-steppe and the mixed forest zones were 16.2 % and 15.1 %, respectively, whereas in the Ukrainian Carpathians – 7.2 %. The most common sign of dead colonies in Ukraine was the presence of a large number of dead bees in or in front of the hive (25.3 %). The loss rate in the small operations was almost 18 %, in medium – 8.38 % and in large ones – 7.6 %. 77.8 % of respondents treated their bee colonies against Varroa destructor in the period from April 2018 to April 2019. 16.4 % respondents treated their colonies without prior monitoring of mite rate. The most commonly used acaricides were the veterinary medicinal products containing flumetrin (15.1 %), amitraz in strips (11.67 %) and fumigation (9.9 %), as well as oxalic acid – spraying and sublimation (9.5 % and 8.4 %, respectively). Conclusions. The total losses of honey bee colonies for winter of 2018–2019 (11.18 %) remained stable compared to the previous year (for winter of 2017–2018: 11.30 %), the losses due to colonies death (5.95 %) and losses due to natural disasters (1.86 %) decreased slightly (for winter of 2017–2018: 6.7 % and 2.4 %, respectively), whereas losses due to unsolvable queen problems increased form 2.1 % to 3.37 %). The highest losses were observed in the forest-steppe zone and the zone of mixed forests, whereas the lowest in the Ukrainian Carpathians. The smaller beekeeping operations with at most 50 colonies suffer significantly higher losses than larger operations.
{"title":"Results of Standardized Beekeeper Survey of Honey Bee Colony Losses in Ukraine for Winter 2018-2019","authors":"","doi":"10.26565/1992-4259-2020-23-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/1992-4259-2020-23-11","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. Analysis of honey bee (Apis mellifera Linnaeus, 1758) colony losses in Ukraine for winter 2018–2019 in comparison with the previous year in different physiographic zones of Ukraine and at the operations of different sizes. Methods. Survey of Ukrainian beekeepers for winter 2018–2019 using the standardised COLOSS questionnaire (International honey bee research association COLOSS). A total of 677 valid questionnaires from five physiographic zones of Ukraine were processed. Results. The total loss rate of honey bee colonies for winter 2018–2019 in Ukraine was 11.18 %, the mortality rate was 5.95 %; the losses due to unsolvable queen problems – 3.37 %, and due to natural disasters – 1.86 %. The total losses in the forest-steppe and the mixed forest zones were 16.2 % and 15.1 %, respectively, whereas in the Ukrainian Carpathians – 7.2 %. The most common sign of dead colonies in Ukraine was the presence of a large number of dead bees in or in front of the hive (25.3 %). The loss rate in the small operations was almost 18 %, in medium – 8.38 % and in large ones – 7.6 %. 77.8 % of respondents treated their bee colonies against Varroa destructor in the period from April 2018 to April 2019. 16.4 % respondents treated their colonies without prior monitoring of mite rate. The most commonly used acaricides were the veterinary medicinal products containing flumetrin (15.1 %), amitraz in strips (11.67 %) and fumigation (9.9 %), as well as oxalic acid – spraying and sublimation (9.5 % and 8.4 %, respectively). Conclusions. The total losses of honey bee colonies for winter of 2018–2019 (11.18 %) remained stable compared to the previous year (for winter of 2017–2018: 11.30 %), the losses due to colonies death (5.95 %) and losses due to natural disasters (1.86 %) decreased slightly (for winter of 2017–2018: 6.7 % and 2.4 %, respectively), whereas losses due to unsolvable queen problems increased form 2.1 % to 3.37 %). The highest losses were observed in the forest-steppe zone and the zone of mixed forests, whereas the lowest in the Ukrainian Carpathians. The smaller beekeeping operations with at most 50 colonies suffer significantly higher losses than larger operations.","PeriodicalId":40624,"journal":{"name":"Visnyk of V N Karazin Kharkiv National University-Series Geology Geography Ecology","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84175088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.26565/1992-4259-2020-22-01
Actuality. Despite a nearly century-old history of erosion damage assessments, this issue has not yet been finally resolved. If the economic component of losses can be relatively easily calculated, then environmental and socio-environmental damage are almost impossible to calculate. Purpose. To show the possibilities and limitations of using individual indicators for assessment of damage and the environmental and economic justification of anti-erosion measures based on analysis of the environmental, economic and social consequences of soil erosion, and world experience in assessing damage from erosion. Results. Losses from erosion today are most often estimated by the mass of washed soil (t / ha), the cost of restoring lost nutrients and organic matter, as well as the cost of agricultural products lost due to reduced yields on eroded soils and stop cultivation of hard eroded soils. Soil losses are usually estimated by mathematical modeling. Different approaches to the assessment of losses give a ten-fold difference in the estimates, which reduces the credibility of them when making decisions. Land users are not interested in investing in anti-erosion measures more than the cost of the crop, which they can additionally receive. In Ukraine, this leads to a de facto neglect of the problem of erosion, which, developing on the principle of positive feedback, leads to the deepening of socio-economic problems and the deterioration of the country's food security Conclusions. To justify anti-erosion measures at the level of land users, the only reliable source for quantifying the potential damage from erosion is the shortage of agricultural products and the loss of soil organic matter and fertilizers. The real damage from erosion lies in the plane of global environmental processes and food security, therefore, the problem of erosion should be addressed at the national level.
{"title":"Modern Approaches to Environmental and Economic Estimation of Damage From Soil Erosion","authors":"","doi":"10.26565/1992-4259-2020-22-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/1992-4259-2020-22-01","url":null,"abstract":"Actuality. Despite a nearly century-old history of erosion damage assessments, this issue has not yet been finally resolved. If the economic component of losses can be relatively easily calculated, then environmental and socio-environmental damage are almost impossible to calculate. Purpose. To show the possibilities and limitations of using individual indicators for assessment of damage and the environmental and economic justification of anti-erosion measures based on analysis of the environmental, economic and social consequences of soil erosion, and world experience in assessing damage from erosion. Results. Losses from erosion today are most often estimated by the mass of washed soil (t / ha), the cost of restoring lost nutrients and organic matter, as well as the cost of agricultural products lost due to reduced yields on eroded soils and stop cultivation of hard eroded soils. Soil losses are usually estimated by mathematical modeling. Different approaches to the assessment of losses give a ten-fold difference in the estimates, which reduces the credibility of them when making decisions. Land users are not interested in investing in anti-erosion measures more than the cost of the crop, which they can additionally receive. In Ukraine, this leads to a de facto neglect of the problem of erosion, which, developing on the principle of positive feedback, leads to the deepening of socio-economic problems and the deterioration of the country's food security Conclusions. To justify anti-erosion measures at the level of land users, the only reliable source for quantifying the potential damage from erosion is the shortage of agricultural products and the loss of soil organic matter and fertilizers. The real damage from erosion lies in the plane of global environmental processes and food security, therefore, the problem of erosion should be addressed at the national level.","PeriodicalId":40624,"journal":{"name":"Visnyk of V N Karazin Kharkiv National University-Series Geology Geography Ecology","volume":"271 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86728898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.26565/1992-4259-2020-23-10
С. Бандеры
Purpose of the study is to study the viability of aerobic microorganisms in an oxygen atmosphere with different initial content in the aquatic medium. Compare the effect of gas on different concentrations of bacteria per unit volume of the water. Methods. Aerobic bacteria of the genus Bacillus cereus bacteria type were the studied microorganisms. Model aqueous media were created on the basis of distilled deaerated water with the addition of bacteria of a particular type. Oxygen was bubbled into the microbial water throughout the process at a rate of 0.2 cm3/s. The duration of the study was 2 hours, during which the total gas consumption corresponded to 1.4 dm3. The number of microorganisms (NM) before and after the experiments was determined by counting the colonies that grew on the Petri dishes. Results. A two-stage process of oxygen exposure to aerobic bacteria was detected - accumulation and reduction of its number per unit volume of water during all experiments. At the first stage of the process, there was an increase of NM during 1800-3600 s with its subsequent decrease (II stage). With an increase in the microbial load in the water from 102 to 104 CFU/cm3, the duration of the process of bacterial accumulation was decreased in two times. An active reproduction of bacterial cells was investigated at the low concentration of bacteria in the water, and its active reduction - at the high concentration that is explained by cells destruction under conditions of constant supply of oxygen of the established rate. Conclusions. The oxygen influence on the change of the number of aerobic microorganisms in the aquatic medium is explained. It is investigated that the oxygen action on bacteria in the water divides the process of its viability into two stages: accumulation (I stage) and reduction of its number (II stage). It is shown that the duration of the process of bacteria accumulation in the oxygen atmosphere depends on its initial amount in the water, namely with increasing of the initial NM per unit volume of the water, the duration of the stage of microorganisms accumulation decreases significantly.
{"title":"Influence of Aerobic Bacteria Concentration on the Process of its Survival in the Presence of Oxygen","authors":"С. Бандеры","doi":"10.26565/1992-4259-2020-23-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/1992-4259-2020-23-10","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of the study is to study the viability of aerobic microorganisms in an oxygen atmosphere with different initial content in the aquatic medium. Compare the effect of gas on different concentrations of bacteria per unit volume of the water. Methods. Aerobic bacteria of the genus Bacillus cereus bacteria type were the studied microorganisms. Model aqueous media were created on the basis of distilled deaerated water with the addition of bacteria of a particular type. Oxygen was bubbled into the microbial water throughout the process at a rate of 0.2 cm3/s. The duration of the study was 2 hours, during which the total gas consumption corresponded to 1.4 dm3. The number of microorganisms (NM) before and after the experiments was determined by counting the colonies that grew on the Petri dishes. Results. A two-stage process of oxygen exposure to aerobic bacteria was detected - accumulation and reduction of its number per unit volume of water during all experiments. At the first stage of the process, there was an increase of NM during 1800-3600 s with its subsequent decrease (II stage). With an increase in the microbial load in the water from 102 to 104 CFU/cm3, the duration of the process of bacterial accumulation was decreased in two times. An active reproduction of bacterial cells was investigated at the low concentration of bacteria in the water, and its active reduction - at the high concentration that is explained by cells destruction under conditions of constant supply of oxygen of the established rate. Conclusions. The oxygen influence on the change of the number of aerobic microorganisms in the aquatic medium is explained. It is investigated that the oxygen action on bacteria in the water divides the process of its viability into two stages: accumulation (I stage) and reduction of its number (II stage). It is shown that the duration of the process of bacteria accumulation in the oxygen atmosphere depends on its initial amount in the water, namely with increasing of the initial NM per unit volume of the water, the duration of the stage of microorganisms accumulation decreases significantly.","PeriodicalId":40624,"journal":{"name":"Visnyk of V N Karazin Kharkiv National University-Series Geology Geography Ecology","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78993906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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