Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.26565/2410-7360-2019-50-06
Alla Oleksandrivna Achasova, А. О. Ачасова, А. О. Сєдов
Formulation of the problem. The current stage of agricultural development in Ukraine requires highly informative soil maps. One of the directions for creating such maps is the use of digital elevation models (DEM) as a spatial translator of soil characteristics. The literary review has showed that despite the large volume of publications on this topic, a number of issues of soils digital mapping remain relevant. The purpose of the article is to study the possibilities of using relief-ground indicative models in creation of detailed digital ground maps. Methods. The research was conducted on the territory of the testing ground. During the field study of the landfill, it has been established that the soils are represented by chernozem typical of varying erosion degrees. It is proposed to use a xeromorphism coefficient for the quantitative account of the landforms influence on soil formation, characterizing changes in hydrothermal conditions for a particular section of the topography, compared with the horizontal surface. A detailed DTM was obtained, using the "Phantom 3" UAV.The derivative models of a number of topographic parameters were built on its basis later. A digital model of xeromorphism of the territory was built, transformed into a model of organic carbon (C) content. The specified map shows initial conditions of the soil cover. It can be used as a standard to compare parameters of modern soils for assessment of extent of their degradation. Comparison of this map with the map of actual C content has shown that average loss of C by soils of the studied area owing to anthropogenic degradation can be estimated at 5.1 kg on 1 t of the soil. Results. Investigations have proved that the geoinformation analysis of landforms allows to quantitatively shape hydrothermal conditions of soil formation for a certain territory. The cartographic materials constructed on such a methodical approach characterize landscape potential on soil formations and reflect quasi-virgin land condition of the soil. Scientific novelty and practical significance. The detailed soil maps, based on the results of field and laboratory soil studies, leading to potential soil assessment for DEM analysis in the article, allow to adequately estimate and objectively represent distribution of eroded and xeromorphic soils and their complexes on sloping lands.
{"title":"The use of digital elevation models for detailed mapping of slope soils","authors":"Alla Oleksandrivna Achasova, А. О. Ачасова, А. О. Сєдов","doi":"10.26565/2410-7360-2019-50-06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2410-7360-2019-50-06","url":null,"abstract":"Formulation of the problem. The current stage of agricultural development in Ukraine requires highly informative soil maps. One of the directions for creating such maps is the use of digital elevation models (DEM) as a spatial translator of soil characteristics. The literary review has showed that despite the large volume of publications on this topic, a number of issues of soils digital mapping remain relevant. The purpose of the article is to study the possibilities of using relief-ground indicative models in creation of detailed digital ground maps. Methods. The research was conducted on the territory of the testing ground. During the field study of the landfill, it has been established that the soils are represented by chernozem typical of varying erosion degrees. It is proposed to use a xeromorphism coefficient for the quantitative account of the landforms influence on soil formation, characterizing changes in hydrothermal conditions for a particular section of the topography, compared with the horizontal surface. A detailed DTM was obtained, using the \"Phantom 3\" UAV.The derivative models of a number of topographic parameters were built on its basis later. A digital model of xeromorphism of the territory was built, transformed into a model of organic carbon (C) content. The specified map shows initial conditions of the soil cover. It can be used as a standard to compare parameters of modern soils for assessment of extent of their degradation. Comparison of this map with the map of actual C content has shown that average loss of C by soils of the studied area owing to anthropogenic degradation can be estimated at 5.1 kg on 1 t of the soil. Results. Investigations have proved that the geoinformation analysis of landforms allows to quantitatively shape hydrothermal conditions of soil formation for a certain territory. The cartographic materials constructed on such a methodical approach characterize landscape potential on soil formations and reflect quasi-virgin land condition of the soil. Scientific novelty and practical significance. The detailed soil maps, based on the results of field and laboratory soil studies, leading to potential soil assessment for DEM analysis in the article, allow to adequately estimate and objectively represent distribution of eroded and xeromorphic soils and their complexes on sloping lands.","PeriodicalId":40624,"journal":{"name":"Visnyk of V N Karazin Kharkiv National University-Series Geology Geography Ecology","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78050316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.26565/2410-7360-2019-50-08
Udc, Sergiy Kostrikov, V. Karazin
Introduction of the problem. The paper emphasizes that the key features of the contemporary urban development have caused a number of challengers, which require the innovative technological introductions in urban studies. The research goal of this paper means representing a multifunctional approach, which combines author’s urbogeosystem (UGS) theory with the URS (Urban Remote Sensing) technique for LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) data processing. The key elements of the Smart City concept within a geospatial perspective. Three basic assumptions are implied due to the affiliation “a geospatial perspective ó the Smart City concept” (SCC). The five key elements of the SCC have been outlined: Innovations; Scalability; Data gathering, measuring, and mining; Addressing environmental challengers; Interlink between the smart meter information and the geo-sensor information. The urbogeosystemic approach as a tool for simulating the “smart urban environment” – a core node of the Smart City hierarchy. The urbogeosystemic ontological model has been introduced as a trinity-tripod (urban citizens, municipal infrastructure, urbanistic processes and phenomena). The “smart urban environment” is a core node of an urbogeosystem. Processing results of LiDAR surveying technique. With increasing availability of LiDAR data, 3D city models of robust topology and correct geometry have become the most prominent features of the urban environment. Three key advantages of the LiDAR surveying technique have been introduced. The flowchart of the operational URS / LiDAR / GIS workflow for the Smart City implementation has been depicted. Urban Remote Sensing for data mining / city analytics and the EOS LiDAR Tool. ELiT (EOS LiDAR Tool) software is both a separate web-based (network) generator (an engine) – ELiT Server, and an integrated component of EOS Platform-as-a-Service software – ELiT Cloud. The allied one to these two products is our desktop ElitCore software, that possesses even broader functionality. The paper outlines the whole framework of urban data mining / city analytics relevant to the mentioned applications. The ELiT software use cases for the Smart Cities. A number of use cases that can be completed with the ELiT software in the common urban planning domain have been described and illustrated. Each from five scenarios presented suggests some unique solution within the frameworks of the SCC implementation. Conclusion, future research and developments. The completed research results have been summarized. An entity of the urban geoinformation space has been introduced. A geodatabase of ELiT 3D city models has been assigned a mandatory key component of the urban decision support system.
{"title":"Urban remote sensing with lidar for the Smart City Concept implementation","authors":"Udc, Sergiy Kostrikov, V. Karazin","doi":"10.26565/2410-7360-2019-50-08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2410-7360-2019-50-08","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction of the problem. The paper emphasizes that the key features of the contemporary urban development have caused a number of challengers, which require the innovative technological introductions in urban studies. The research goal of this paper means representing a multifunctional approach, which combines author’s urbogeosystem (UGS) theory with the URS (Urban Remote Sensing) technique for LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) data processing. The key elements of the Smart City concept within a geospatial perspective. Three basic assumptions are implied due to the affiliation “a geospatial perspective ó the Smart City concept” (SCC). The five key elements of the SCC have been outlined: Innovations; Scalability; Data gathering, measuring, and mining; Addressing environmental challengers; Interlink between the smart meter information and the geo-sensor information. The urbogeosystemic approach as a tool for simulating the “smart urban environment” – a core node of the Smart City hierarchy. The urbogeosystemic ontological model has been introduced as a trinity-tripod (urban citizens, municipal infrastructure, urbanistic processes and phenomena). The “smart urban environment” is a core node of an urbogeosystem. Processing results of LiDAR surveying technique. With increasing availability of LiDAR data, 3D city models of robust topology and correct geometry have become the most prominent features of the urban environment. Three key advantages of the LiDAR surveying technique have been introduced. The flowchart of the operational URS / LiDAR / GIS workflow for the Smart City implementation has been depicted. Urban Remote Sensing for data mining / city analytics and the EOS LiDAR Tool. ELiT (EOS LiDAR Tool) software is both a separate web-based (network) generator (an engine) – ELiT Server, and an integrated component of EOS Platform-as-a-Service software – ELiT Cloud. The allied one to these two products is our desktop ElitCore software, that possesses even broader functionality. The paper outlines the whole framework of urban data mining / city analytics relevant to the mentioned applications. The ELiT software use cases for the Smart Cities. A number of use cases that can be completed with the ELiT software in the common urban planning domain have been described and illustrated. Each from five scenarios presented suggests some unique solution within the frameworks of the SCC implementation. Conclusion, future research and developments. The completed research results have been summarized. An entity of the urban geoinformation space has been introduced. A geodatabase of ELiT 3D city models has been assigned a mandatory key component of the urban decision support system.","PeriodicalId":40624,"journal":{"name":"Visnyk of V N Karazin Kharkiv National University-Series Geology Geography Ecology","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91017191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.26565/1992-4259-2019-20-13
Purpose. Show the sequence of actions on anti-erosion optimization of land use structure on the example of agro-enterprises of the Kharkiv region and further ways to increase its efficiency. Methods. Cartographic, statistical, geoinformation analysis, mathematical modeling, magnetizing. Results. An example of erosion optimization of land use is shown on the basis of mathematical modeling of potential soil losses under different land use conditions for three typical farms of the Kharkiv region (Ukraine). The simulation was carried out using the model of C. Myrtshulawa using DEM in the ArcGIS environment. Using GIS to simulate and visualize the results allows you to identify the most erosionally hazardous areas and make an individual selection of crop rotation for each farm. The erosion risk which modeling was revealed can be prevented by means of organizational and agronomic measures, which requires the minimal economic costs. The ways of checking the effectiveness of agro-forest-meliorative measures with application of methods and means of magnetic investigation are offered. Conclusions. Anti-erosion optimization of land use allows achieving the values of soil losses in all fields of investigated farms. At the same time, soil losses decrease, depending on the initial level of danger and the degree of transformation of crop rotation from 10% on slopes to 1.5 °, up to 4.2 times in complicated areas.
{"title":"Anti-Erosion Optimization of the Territory of Agrarian Farms on the Example of the Kharkiv Region, Ukraine","authors":"","doi":"10.26565/1992-4259-2019-20-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/1992-4259-2019-20-13","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. Show the sequence of actions on anti-erosion optimization of land use structure on the example of agro-enterprises of the Kharkiv region and further ways to increase its efficiency. Methods. Cartographic, statistical, geoinformation analysis, mathematical modeling, magnetizing. Results. An example of erosion optimization of land use is shown on the basis of mathematical modeling of potential soil losses under different land use conditions for three typical farms of the Kharkiv region (Ukraine). The simulation was carried out using the model of C. Myrtshulawa using DEM in the ArcGIS environment. Using GIS to simulate and visualize the results allows you to identify the most erosionally hazardous areas and make an individual selection of crop rotation for each farm. The erosion risk which modeling was revealed can be prevented by means of organizational and agronomic measures, which requires the minimal economic costs. The ways of checking the effectiveness of agro-forest-meliorative measures with application of methods and means of magnetic investigation are offered. Conclusions. Anti-erosion optimization of land use allows achieving the values of soil losses in all fields of investigated farms. At the same time, soil losses decrease, depending on the initial level of danger and the degree of transformation of crop rotation from 10% on slopes to 1.5 °, up to 4.2 times in complicated areas.","PeriodicalId":40624,"journal":{"name":"Visnyk of V N Karazin Kharkiv National University-Series Geology Geography Ecology","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86722514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.26565/1992-4259-2019-20-09
Майдан Свободи
Purpose. Eco-toxicological assessment of surface water and bottom sediments of Vyalivsky reservoir and based on the results of experimental studies on the influence of anthropogenic pollution on the livelihoods of fodder organisms, to calculate the damage caused to water bodies by the indicator of decrease of bio-productivity on the example of Vyalivsky reservoir. Methods. Biotesting of water samples was carried out using zooplankton (Ceriodaphnia affinis Lilljeborg) and zoobenthos - insect larvae (Chironomus dorsalis Meig.) as a test facility for fodder organisms for fish. For estimation of losses caused for Vyalivsky reservoir we used methodology for calculating the amount of compensation for damage caused to the fishery as a result of violations of legislation on the protection, use and reproduction of aquatic biological resources. Results According to the results of determination of the toxicity of surface waters and bottom sediments, damages caused to Vyalivsky reservoir were calculated on the indicator of decrease in fish productivity as a result of the death of fodder organisms for fish. Conclusions The toxicological studies of surface waters and bottom sediments of Vyalivsky reservoir have revealed the presence of toxic properties of the investigated objects, which may result in the reduction of biomass of fodder organisms of aboriginal species of fish in a given reservoir.
{"title":"Evaluation of Economic Consequences of Anthropogenic Pollution of Water Objects (On the Example of Vyalivsky Reservoir","authors":"Майдан Свободи","doi":"10.26565/1992-4259-2019-20-09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/1992-4259-2019-20-09","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. Eco-toxicological assessment of surface water and bottom sediments of Vyalivsky reservoir and based on the results of experimental studies on the influence of anthropogenic pollution on the livelihoods of fodder organisms, to calculate the damage caused to water bodies by the indicator of decrease of bio-productivity on the example of Vyalivsky reservoir. Methods. Biotesting of water samples was carried out using zooplankton (Ceriodaphnia affinis Lilljeborg) and zoobenthos - insect larvae (Chironomus dorsalis Meig.) as a test facility for fodder organisms for fish. For estimation of losses caused for Vyalivsky reservoir we used methodology for calculating the amount of compensation for damage caused to the fishery as a result of violations of legislation on the protection, use and reproduction of aquatic biological resources. Results According to the results of determination of the toxicity of surface waters and bottom sediments, damages caused to Vyalivsky reservoir were calculated on the indicator of decrease in fish productivity as a result of the death of fodder organisms for fish. Conclusions The toxicological studies of surface waters and bottom sediments of Vyalivsky reservoir have revealed the presence of toxic properties of the investigated objects, which may result in the reduction of biomass of fodder organisms of aboriginal species of fish in a given reservoir.","PeriodicalId":40624,"journal":{"name":"Visnyk of V N Karazin Kharkiv National University-Series Geology Geography Ecology","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77117109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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