Pub Date : 2021-11-16DOI: 10.26565/1992-4259-2021-25-11
I. Koval
Purpose of the study is to іnvestigate the effect of gases on the process of water purification from aerobic microorganisms (MO) with the same initial content in the aquatic medium and to identify the nature of the gas in the atmosphere in which the highest degree of destroyed microbial cells per unit volume of water is achieved. Methods. Aerobic bacteria of the Bacillus cereus bacteria type with the initial content of 7 · 104 CFU/cm3 were used for research. The investigated water was model water created on the basis of distilled deaerated waterwith the introduction of bacteria of a specific species. Oxygen, carbon dioxide, as well as inert - argon and helium were used as a studied gases. Process conditions were: duration - 2 hours, gas bubbling rate - 0.2 cm3/c, T = 288 ± 1 K. Has been used a quantitative method of counting the initial and final number of microorganisms (NM) by sowing samples of test water on nutrient medium in Petri dishes before and after experiments. Results. The different efficiency for the water purification process depending on the gas nature is shown. The NM value change of the time of bubbling gases is presented. The degree of destruction of the studied microorganisms was calculated depending on the mode of water treatment and the process duration. The oxygen influence on the process of MO destruction consists of two stages - a slight accumulation of cells (I stage) and their subsequent destruction in the II stage. The percentage of cell accumulation during 3600s during oxygen bubbling into the aqueous medium was 9.43%, which is due to the consumption of bubbling oxygen by bacteria. This led to the lowest process efficiency for the oxygen action in the end of the result (Dd is 34.73% only). The greatest efficiency of MO destruction was found during carbon dioxide bubbling (Dd = 91.0%), which is obviously due to the increase in the acidity of the test medium (pHinitial = 6.1 and pHend = 4.3). The influence of helium on water purification at different microbial load has been studied. It has been shown that the efficiency of cell destruction increases with a decrease of its number per unit volume of water. Conclusions. The influence of the different gases nature on the destruction process of aerobic MO in water with the same and different microbial load is shown. It is established that the process of water purification from MO depends on the nature of the bubbled gas. The gas, the supply of which allowed to achieve the largest number of destroyed cells after 7200 s, was experimentally determined. The highest efficiency of water disinfection is achieved during the action of carbon dioxide. A relative series of effective action of the investigated gases on microbial water purification is established.
{"title":"Effectiveness of Using Gases for Water Purification with the Same Microbial Load","authors":"I. Koval","doi":"10.26565/1992-4259-2021-25-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/1992-4259-2021-25-11","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of the study is to іnvestigate the effect of gases on the process of water purification from aerobic microorganisms (MO) with the same initial content in the aquatic medium and to identify the nature of the gas in the atmosphere in which the highest degree of destroyed microbial cells per unit volume of water is achieved.\u0000\u0000Methods. Aerobic bacteria of the Bacillus cereus bacteria type with the initial content of 7 · 104 CFU/cm3 were used for research. The investigated water was model water created on the basis of distilled deaerated waterwith the introduction of bacteria of a specific species. Oxygen, carbon dioxide, as well as inert - argon and helium were used as a studied gases. Process conditions were: duration - 2 hours, gas bubbling rate - 0.2 cm3/c, T = 288 ± 1 K. Has been used a quantitative method of counting the initial and final number of microorganisms (NM) by sowing samples of test water on nutrient medium in Petri dishes before and after experiments.\u0000\u0000Results. The different efficiency for the water purification process depending on the gas nature is shown. The NM value change of the time of bubbling gases is presented. The degree of destruction of the studied microorganisms was calculated depending on the mode of water treatment and the process duration. The oxygen influence on the process of MO destruction consists of two stages - a slight accumulation of cells (I stage) and their subsequent destruction in the II stage. The percentage of cell accumulation during 3600s during oxygen bubbling into the aqueous medium was 9.43%, which is due to the consumption of bubbling oxygen by bacteria. This led to the lowest process efficiency for the oxygen action in the end of the result (Dd is 34.73% only). The greatest efficiency of MO destruction was found during carbon dioxide bubbling (Dd = 91.0%), which is obviously due to the increase in the acidity of the test medium (pHinitial = 6.1 and pHend = 4.3). The influence of helium on water purification at different microbial load has been studied. It has been shown that the efficiency of cell destruction increases with a decrease of its number per unit volume of water.\u0000\u0000Conclusions. The influence of the different gases nature on the destruction process of aerobic MO in water with the same and different microbial load is shown. It is established that the process of water purification from MO depends on the nature of the bubbled gas. The gas, the supply of which allowed to achieve the largest number of destroyed cells after 7200 s, was experimentally determined. The highest efficiency of water disinfection is achieved during the action of carbon dioxide. A relative series of effective action of the investigated gases on microbial water purification is established.","PeriodicalId":40624,"journal":{"name":"Visnyk of V N Karazin Kharkiv National University-Series Geology Geography Ecology","volume":"67 6 Pt 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83517516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-16DOI: 10.26565/1992-4259-2021-25-08
R. Valerko
Purpose. Investigate the content of nitrates in drinking water from sources of decentralized water supply in rural areas of the newly enlarged Novograd-Volynsky district of Zhytomyr region and assess the potential risks for different categories of the local population from constant consumption of water with high nitrate content. Methods. Field, laboratory-analytical, statistical. Results. It was found that the most polluted is the drinking water of private wells located in the former Yemilchyn district, which is now a part of the Novograd-Volyn district, where all samples were found to exceed the concentration of nitrates, and their average content was 99.04 mg/dm3. In general, 57.5% of the selected drinking water samples of the enlarged district were found to exceed the level of nitrates, and their average concentration in the whole district was 67.86 mg/dm3. The largest excess of nitrates in water in 7.9 times was found in a private well in the village of Kamyanka, Barashivka territorial community. It is proved that the risk index due to drinking water consumption for children is 1.8 times higher than for adults. The risk at the maximum content of nitrates for children is set at a high level, and for adults - at an average, and at an average content of nitrates in drinking water, the risk for children is set at a medium level, and for adults - at a low level. Conclusions. It has been shown that the overall risk of nitrate intake in both routes is approximately equal to the health risk due to drinking water consumption. In the overall risk, the share of non-carcinogenic risk due to drinking water consumption was 99.5%, which is much higher than in contact with the skin. This indicates that nitrates from groundwater enter the human body mainly with drinking water, so it is necessary to constantly monitor their content in drinking water. verage content of nitrates
{"title":"Nitrate Content in Groundwater and Assessment of Potential Risks for Health of the Rural Population in Novograd-Volyn Raion Zhytomyr District","authors":"R. Valerko","doi":"10.26565/1992-4259-2021-25-08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/1992-4259-2021-25-08","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. Investigate the content of nitrates in drinking water from sources of decentralized water supply in rural areas of the newly enlarged Novograd-Volynsky district of Zhytomyr region and assess the potential risks for different categories of the local population from constant consumption of water with high nitrate content.\u0000\u0000Methods. Field, laboratory-analytical, statistical.\u0000\u0000Results. It was found that the most polluted is the drinking water of private wells located in the former Yemilchyn district, which is now a part of the Novograd-Volyn district, where all samples were found to exceed the concentration of nitrates, and their average content was 99.04 mg/dm3. In general, 57.5% of the selected drinking water samples of the enlarged district were found to exceed the level of nitrates, and their average concentration in the whole district was 67.86 mg/dm3. The largest excess of nitrates in water in 7.9 times was found in a private well in the village of Kamyanka, Barashivka territorial community. It is proved that the risk index due to drinking water consumption for children is 1.8 times higher than for adults. The risk at the maximum content of nitrates for children is set at a high level, and for adults - at an average, and at an average content of nitrates in drinking water, the risk for children is set at a medium level, and for adults - at a low level.\u0000\u0000Conclusions. It has been shown that the overall risk of nitrate intake in both routes is approximately equal to the health risk due to drinking water consumption. In the overall risk, the share of non-carcinogenic risk due to drinking water consumption was 99.5%, which is much higher than in contact with the skin. This indicates that nitrates from groundwater enter the human body mainly with drinking water, so it is necessary to constantly monitor their content in drinking water.\u0000\u0000verage content of nitrates","PeriodicalId":40624,"journal":{"name":"Visnyk of V N Karazin Kharkiv National University-Series Geology Geography Ecology","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74227689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-16DOI: 10.26565/1992-4259-2021-25-09
A. Ivashura, O. Borysenko
Purpose. Analysis of research on the search for measures and criteria for a positive personal impact on the environment through the conscious consumption of food in order to achieve environmental sustainability. Methods. The methodological basis of the work is system analysis. Results. It was substantiate a personal positive impact on the environment through a conscious choice of food products in their diet. The possibility of combining two concepts has been proven: environmental friendliness and healthy conscious nutrition. The importance and necessity of developing measures aimed at increasing the sustainable healthy eating behavior of consumers by influencing their beliefs and expanding the concepts of "health" and "environment" was emphasized. The relationship between them is revealed. Today, it is difficult to internalize all the disparate approaches, and a more concerted effort is needed for interdisciplinary research. Conclusions. A theoretical basis for future research in the field of sustainable conscious nutrition in Ukraine has been created and attention is paid to the factors influencing consumers to choose sustainable food consumption included in a set of measures to solve environmental problems. A new approach to empirical discussion of situational and market factors will provide much needed impetus to research in these areas.
{"title":"Analysis of Eco-Conscious Food Behavior as a Factor of Ecological Sustainability Formation","authors":"A. Ivashura, O. Borysenko","doi":"10.26565/1992-4259-2021-25-09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/1992-4259-2021-25-09","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. Analysis of research on the search for measures and criteria for a positive personal impact on the environment through the conscious consumption of food in order to achieve environmental sustainability. Methods. The methodological basis of the work is system analysis. Results. It was substantiate a personal positive impact on the environment through a conscious choice of food products in their diet. The possibility of combining two concepts has been proven: environmental friendliness and healthy conscious nutrition. The importance and necessity of developing measures aimed at increasing the sustainable healthy eating behavior of consumers by influencing their beliefs and expanding the concepts of \"health\" and \"environment\" was emphasized. The relationship between them is revealed. Today, it is difficult to internalize all the disparate approaches, and a more concerted effort is needed for interdisciplinary research. Conclusions. A theoretical basis for future research in the field of sustainable conscious nutrition in Ukraine has been created and attention is paid to the factors influencing consumers to choose sustainable food consumption included in a set of measures to solve environmental problems. A new approach to empirical discussion of situational and market factors will provide much needed impetus to research in these areas.","PeriodicalId":40624,"journal":{"name":"Visnyk of V N Karazin Kharkiv National University-Series Geology Geography Ecology","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85603702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-15DOI: 10.26565/1992-4259-2021-25-02
O. B. Murkalov
Purpose. To define the role of the ice factor in morpholithodynamics of the coastal area of the North-West part of the Black Sea. Methods. Field and in-office research was carried out in the North-West part of the Black Sea during the winter seasons of 2005-2019. The research work included geometrical leveling of the beach and the surface of shore-fast ice, drilling of the ice layer, depth sounding, sampling of deposits and of an ice core. The content of deposits in shore-fast ice was determined by weighting them after melting and evaporating a known volume of an ice core. Results. Formation of shore-fast ice, ice and hummock ride-ups, freezing of the surface of accumulative forms, congelation of fast ice with the beach surface and the bottom, freezing into ice of deposits thrown on the surface of fast ice, formation of meltwater runoff channels, melted deposit banks, melt holes had been observed. Shore-fast ice in Odesa Bay was 1.0 to 1.6 meters thick. Hummocks 0.8 to 2.3 meters high were formed. The average content of deposits in shore-fast ice in Odesa Bay was 15.7 g/m2 to 111.5 g/m2. Within the protected water area of Odesa coast protection complex, the thickness of ice was 0.5 m. Repeated measurements revealed a temporary accumulation of deposits at the depths of 1.5 to 2.0 m at the distance of 30-40 m from the water edge. The average content of deposits in shore-fast ice within the protected water area was 186.5 g/m2. The thickness of ice on the surface of beaches on the open shore was 0.2-0.5 m. Banks of sand and gravel-pebble deposits between 0.4-0.8 m and 1 m high and with the volume of 1.2-1.4 m3/m were formed on the frozen beach surface by onshore flow and storm overwash. Conclusions. In the North-West part of the Black Sea, the impact of the ice factor is characterized by rhythmic observation during severe, moderate and warm winter. Generally, it hasn’t significant impact. In somelocal points during cold winter may results in a significant alteration of the relief and deposits, and causes damage to hydraulic structures. Ice gets saturated with deposits mostly when submerging to the bottom during ebbing, when contacting the beach, being carried directly onto its surface and along cracks, and during aeolian movement. For artificial beaches of Odesa coast protection complex, the average content of deposits in ice is defined by peculiarities of formation of shore-fast ice and by hydrodynamics of the water area of these coast sections. The shapes of relief, formed under impact from the ice factor, are minor; they exist for the duration of its impact, and disappear after the storm ends.
{"title":"Relief-Forming Role of the Ice Factor in the Coastal Area of the North-West Part of the Black Sea","authors":"O. B. Murkalov","doi":"10.26565/1992-4259-2021-25-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/1992-4259-2021-25-02","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. To define the role of the ice factor in morpholithodynamics of the coastal area of the North-West part of the Black Sea.\u0000\u0000Methods. Field and in-office research was carried out in the North-West part of the Black Sea during the winter seasons of 2005-2019. The research work included geometrical leveling of the beach and the surface of shore-fast ice, drilling of the ice layer, depth sounding, sampling of deposits and of an ice core. The content of deposits in shore-fast ice was determined by weighting them after melting and evaporating a known volume of an ice core.\u0000\u0000Results. Formation of shore-fast ice, ice and hummock ride-ups, freezing of the surface of accumulative forms, congelation of fast ice with the beach surface and the bottom, freezing into ice of deposits thrown on the surface of fast ice, formation of meltwater runoff channels, melted deposit banks, melt holes had been observed.\u0000\u0000Shore-fast ice in Odesa Bay was 1.0 to 1.6 meters thick. Hummocks 0.8 to 2.3 meters high were formed. The average content of deposits in shore-fast ice in Odesa Bay was 15.7 g/m2 to 111.5 g/m2. Within the protected water area of Odesa coast protection complex, the thickness of ice was 0.5 m. Repeated measurements revealed a temporary accumulation of deposits at the depths of 1.5 to 2.0 m at the distance of 30-40 m from the water edge. The average content of deposits in shore-fast ice within the protected water area was 186.5 g/m2. The thickness of ice on the surface of beaches on the open shore was 0.2-0.5 m. Banks of sand and gravel-pebble deposits between 0.4-0.8 m and 1 m high and with the volume of 1.2-1.4 m3/m were formed on the frozen beach surface by onshore flow and storm overwash.\u0000\u0000Conclusions. In the North-West part of the Black Sea, the impact of the ice factor is characterized by rhythmic observation during severe, moderate and warm winter. Generally, it hasn’t significant impact. In somelocal points during cold winter may results in a significant alteration of the relief and deposits, and causes damage to hydraulic structures.\u0000\u0000Ice gets saturated with deposits mostly when submerging to the bottom during ebbing, when contacting the beach, being carried directly onto its surface and along cracks, and during aeolian movement.\u0000\u0000For artificial beaches of Odesa coast protection complex, the average content of deposits in ice is defined by peculiarities of formation of shore-fast ice and by hydrodynamics of the water area of these coast sections.\u0000\u0000The shapes of relief, formed under impact from the ice factor, are minor; they exist for the duration of its impact, and disappear after the storm ends.","PeriodicalId":40624,"journal":{"name":"Visnyk of V N Karazin Kharkiv National University-Series Geology Geography Ecology","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91030594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-15DOI: 10.26565/1992-4259-2021-25-04
L. Chernogor, A. Nekos, G. V. Titenko, L. L. Chornohor
Purpose is quantitative estimation of the mass of emissions of combustion products, chemical elements, the energy and power of acoustic and thermal radiation caused by the forests large tracts burning in the Northern Hemisphere. Methods. Analytical review of investigation problem, theoretical and computational, numerical modeling, system analysis. Results. It was found that large-scale fires in the Northern Hemisphere in 2020 had catastrophic ecological consequences. The greatest contribution was made by the burning of forests in Russia and the USA. Ecosystems were affected on an area of about 15 million hectares. About 3,5 Gt of wood was irretrievably lost. About 140 Mt of smoke and more than 10 Mt of soot were emitted into the atmosphere. The mass of the injected CO gas was about 350 Mt. The mass of hydrocarbons emitted into the atmosphere was about 140 Mt. About 7,8 Gt of CO2 gas was additionally emitted into the atmosphere. Hundreds of megatons of atomic nitrogen, hundreds of tons of potassium and calcium, as well as from units to tens of tons of such chemical elements as Fe, Zn, Cr, Br, Mn, Pb, Rb, Sr and Se have been emitted into the atmosphere. The energy of acoustic radiation was about 100 PJ, which is almost a thousand times higher than its energy under normal conditions. The energy of weakly damped infrasonic radiation was 1–10 PJ. The thermal radiation flux density reached 56–160 kW/m2. Even after the distribution of forest combustion products around the globe, their concentration exceeded the concentration under normal conditions. This primarily applies to smoke, soot and carbon monoxide. The economic damage amounted to about 750 billion US Dollars. Dozens of people died and were injured. Material and moral damage has been caused to many thousands of people. Material and moral damage caused to many thousands of people. Conclusions. The ecological consequences of the forests large tracts burning of Northern Hemisphere in 2020 for the planet became a kind of record.
{"title":"Ecological Consequences from Forest Burning in the Northern Hemisphere in 2020: Results of Modeling and Quantitative Calculations","authors":"L. Chernogor, A. Nekos, G. V. Titenko, L. L. Chornohor","doi":"10.26565/1992-4259-2021-25-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/1992-4259-2021-25-04","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose is quantitative estimation of the mass of emissions of combustion products, chemical elements, the energy and power of acoustic and thermal radiation caused by the forests large tracts burning in the Northern Hemisphere.\u0000\u0000Methods. Analytical review of investigation problem, theoretical and computational, numerical modeling, system analysis.\u0000\u0000Results. It was found that large-scale fires in the Northern Hemisphere in 2020 had catastrophic ecological consequences. The greatest contribution was made by the burning of forests in Russia and the USA. Ecosystems were affected on an area of about 15 million hectares. About 3,5 Gt of wood was irretrievably lost. About 140 Mt of smoke and more than 10 Mt of soot were emitted into the atmosphere. The mass of the injected CO gas was about 350 Mt. The mass of hydrocarbons emitted into the atmosphere was about 140 Mt. About 7,8 Gt of CO2 gas was additionally emitted into the atmosphere. Hundreds of megatons of atomic nitrogen, hundreds of tons of potassium and calcium, as well as from units to tens of tons of such chemical elements as Fe, Zn, Cr, Br, Mn, Pb, Rb, Sr and Se have been emitted into the atmosphere. The energy of acoustic radiation was about 100 PJ, which is almost a thousand times higher than its energy under normal conditions. The energy of weakly damped infrasonic radiation was 1–10 PJ. The thermal radiation flux density reached 56–160 kW/m2. Even after the distribution of forest combustion products around the globe, their concentration exceeded the concentration under normal conditions. This primarily applies to smoke, soot and carbon monoxide. The economic damage amounted to about 750 billion US Dollars. Dozens of people died and were injured. Material and moral damage has been caused to many thousands of people. Material and moral damage caused to many thousands of people. \u0000\u0000Conclusions. The ecological consequences of the forests large tracts burning of Northern Hemisphere in 2020 for the planet became a kind of record.","PeriodicalId":40624,"journal":{"name":"Visnyk of V N Karazin Kharkiv National University-Series Geology Geography Ecology","volume":"159 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75139623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-15DOI: 10.26565/1992-4259-2021-25-05
G. Adamova
Purpose. is to highlight the methodological approach and the results of the integrated ecological and analytical assessment of the environmental impact of the car-road-environment system, namely the structure of interaction between internal and external factors and their spatial analysis, including the actual assessment of the ecological state of the roadside space of a selected section of the road M-29 (Е-105) on the example of accumulation in the biota of roadside space heavy metals of road origin. Methods. Expert analytical analysis, T. Saati's hierarchy analysis method, field studies of vegetation and soil, laboratory studies of the content of heavy metals in selected samples by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Results. Analysis of the complex impact of the "car-road-environment" (CRE) system on the state of the natural environment made it possible to develop a comprehensive multi-level hierarchical structure of the influence of the "CRE" system on environmental components for subsequent environmental and analytical assessment. According to the results of the environmental-analytical assessment, it was determined that the components of the natural environment are significantly affected by the "CRE" system, with living organisms of roadside space being the most stressed (43,08% of the total influence). When carrying out field studies, it was found out that it is advisable to use direct measurements when choosing the information content of soil and vegetation sampling points. After processing laboratory studies, an excess of the MPC of heavy metals was revealed in the samples of vegetation and soil of the roadside space at a distance of 10 m, 50 m and 100 m from the road bed, a rank series of accumulation of heavy metals in the studied samples of vegetation and soil of the roadside space was established. Conclusions. As a result of research, it was found that the complexity of the impact of the "CRE" system on the environment in a significant way depends on the biotic component of the roadside space, which, as a rule, until that time received little attention. It was concluded that the biota of the roadside space is not only susceptible to accumulation of pollutants, including heavy metals, but can be used for effective integrated monitoring of the ecological state of the environment in the zone of influence of roads.
{"title":"Comprehensive Ecological and Analytical Assessment of the “Car-Road-Environment System” on the Example of the Road M-29 Section","authors":"G. Adamova","doi":"10.26565/1992-4259-2021-25-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/1992-4259-2021-25-05","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. is to highlight the methodological approach and the results of the integrated ecological and analytical assessment of the environmental impact of the car-road-environment system, namely the structure of interaction between internal and external factors and their spatial analysis, including the actual assessment of the ecological state of the roadside space of a selected section of the road M-29 (Е-105) on the example of accumulation in the biota of roadside space heavy metals of road origin.\u0000\u0000Methods. Expert analytical analysis, T. Saati's hierarchy analysis method, field studies of vegetation and soil, laboratory studies of the content of heavy metals in selected samples by atomic absorption spectroscopy.\u0000\u0000Results. Analysis of the complex impact of the \"car-road-environment\" (CRE) system on the state of the natural environment made it possible to develop a comprehensive multi-level hierarchical structure of the influence of the \"CRE\" system on environmental components for subsequent environmental and analytical assessment. According to the results of the environmental-analytical assessment, it was determined that the components of the natural environment are significantly affected by the \"CRE\" system, with living organisms of roadside space being the most stressed (43,08% of the total influence). When carrying out field studies, it was found out that it is advisable to use direct measurements when choosing the information content of soil and vegetation sampling points. After processing laboratory studies, an excess of the MPC of heavy metals was revealed in the samples of vegetation and soil of the roadside space at a distance of 10 m, 50 m and 100 m from the road bed, a rank series of accumulation of heavy metals in the studied samples of vegetation and soil of the roadside space was established.\u0000\u0000Conclusions. As a result of research, it was found that the complexity of the impact of the \"CRE\" system on the environment in a significant way depends on the biotic component of the roadside space, which, as a rule, until that time received little attention. It was concluded that the biota of the roadside space is not only susceptible to accumulation of pollutants, including heavy metals, but can be used for effective integrated monitoring of the ecological state of the environment in the zone of influence of roads.","PeriodicalId":40624,"journal":{"name":"Visnyk of V N Karazin Kharkiv National University-Series Geology Geography Ecology","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84483212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-15DOI: 10.26565/1992-4259-2021-25-06
O. Kraynyuk, Y. Buts, R. Ponomarenko, V. Barbachyn, P. Lotsman
Purpose. The aim of the study is to analyze the geochemical composition of ash and slag waste at the Zmiiv Thermal Power Plant (TPP) and to identify the features of migration of heavy metals (HM) from the place of storage of ash and slag waste into the ecosystem. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were solved: geochemical analysis of ash and slag waste at Zmiiv TPP; study of the reliability of HM migration into the soil in the places of ash and slag waste storage. Methods. The content of heavy metals in ash, slag and soil were investigated using atomic absorption analysis (AAA) on a spectrophotometer S-115. X-ray diffraction analysis was used to determine the solid inorganic part of ash and slag. Results. Ash and slag of Zmiiv TPP contain Cu, Cr, As, Cd, Ni, Pb in quantities that are several times higher than the maximum permissible concentration (MPC). For ash and slag waste, the total pollution index is Zc = 43, which corresponds to a high level. That is, this artificially created horizon is dangerous. HM migrate into groundwater and into the soil near the ash dump due to the infiltration of atmospheric precipitation, emissions from water pipelines, filtration of water through the base of the ash dump of the Zmiiv TPP. To determine soil contamination near the ash dump, soil analyzes were performed at a distance of 0 ... 100 meters. At a distance of up to 100 meters from the dump, there is an excess of MPC in the soil for the content of Ni, Cu, As, Cr. At a distance of up to 100 meters from the dump, an excess of the MPC in the content of Ni, Cu, As, Cr is observed. Concentration factor exceeds unity for Cr, As, Cu, Cd, Ni. The content of Pb and Zn reaches background values only at a distance of more than 100 meters. The calculation of the total soil pollution indicator allows us to classify these soils as moderately hazardous and permissible. However, there are several significant disadvantages of the Zc indicator. First of all, it does not take into account the differences in the potential hazard of chemical elements, and, most importantly, the synergistic effects of polymetallic pollution. The coefficient of the synergistic effect of heavy metals is 26.64 (in the soil of the ash dump), then it decreases, but even at a distance of 100 meters it is 11.23, that is, at a distance of 0 ... 100 m from the ash dumps, the condition of the coefficient of synergistic effect is less than one. It has been established that Cu, Ni, Zn and Cr are characterized by low mobility in the soil near the ash dump, therefore they accumulate in the ecosystem near the ash dump, which is explained by the neutral and slightly alkaline soil pH values (pH = 8.0 ... 8.5). The ratio of mineral phases to glass is unstable; however, it should be noted that aluminosilicates, calcium silicates and glass predominate in ash and slag. Сompounds with HM are confined mainly to amorphous clay aggregates and sooty-carbon formations of ash, to a lesser extent to slag glass and
{"title":"Technogenic Influence of the Composition of Ash Waste of the Zmiiv Power Plant on the Pedosphere","authors":"O. Kraynyuk, Y. Buts, R. Ponomarenko, V. Barbachyn, P. Lotsman","doi":"10.26565/1992-4259-2021-25-06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/1992-4259-2021-25-06","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. The aim of the study is to analyze the geochemical composition of ash and slag waste at the Zmiiv Thermal Power Plant (TPP) and to identify the features of migration of heavy metals (HM) from the place of storage of ash and slag waste into the ecosystem. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were solved: geochemical analysis of ash and slag waste at Zmiiv TPP; study of the reliability of HM migration into the soil in the places of ash and slag waste storage.\u0000\u0000Methods. The content of heavy metals in ash, slag and soil were investigated using atomic absorption analysis (AAA) on a spectrophotometer S-115. X-ray diffraction analysis was used to determine the solid inorganic part of ash and slag.\u0000\u0000Results. Ash and slag of Zmiiv TPP contain Cu, Cr, As, Cd, Ni, Pb in quantities that are several times higher than the maximum permissible concentration (MPC). For ash and slag waste, the total pollution index is Zc = 43, which corresponds to a high level. That is, this artificially created horizon is dangerous. HM migrate into groundwater and into the soil near the ash dump due to the infiltration of atmospheric precipitation, emissions from water pipelines, filtration of water through the base of the ash dump of the Zmiiv TPP. To determine soil contamination near the ash dump, soil analyzes were performed at a distance of 0 ... 100 meters. At a distance of up to 100 meters from the dump, there is an excess of MPC in the soil for the content of Ni, Cu, As, Cr. At a distance of up to 100 meters from the dump, an excess of the MPC in the content of Ni, Cu, As, Cr is observed. Concentration factor exceeds unity for Cr, As, Cu, Cd, Ni. The content of Pb and Zn reaches background values only at a distance of more than 100 meters. The calculation of the total soil pollution indicator allows us to classify these soils as moderately hazardous and permissible. However, there are several significant disadvantages of the Zc indicator. First of all, it does not take into account the differences in the potential hazard of chemical elements, and, most importantly, the synergistic effects of polymetallic pollution. The coefficient of the synergistic effect of heavy metals is 26.64 (in the soil of the ash dump), then it decreases, but even at a distance of 100 meters it is 11.23, that is, at a distance of 0 ... 100 m from the ash dumps, the condition of the coefficient of synergistic effect is less than one. It has been established that Cu, Ni, Zn and Cr are characterized by low mobility in the soil near the ash dump, therefore they accumulate in the ecosystem near the ash dump, which is explained by the neutral and slightly alkaline soil pH values (pH = 8.0 ... 8.5). The ratio of mineral phases to glass is unstable; however, it should be noted that aluminosilicates, calcium silicates and glass predominate in ash and slag. Сompounds with HM are confined mainly to amorphous clay aggregates and sooty-carbon formations of ash, to a lesser extent to slag glass and","PeriodicalId":40624,"journal":{"name":"Visnyk of V N Karazin Kharkiv National University-Series Geology Geography Ecology","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88245443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-15DOI: 10.26565/1992-4259-2021-25-01
Y. Hadri, M. A. Berlinsky, M. Slizhe
Topicality. Climate change in the Black Sea region in recent decades poses certain risks to the econo-mies of countries of region, and may have a significant negative impact on the state of terrestrial and marine ecosystems. The main areas of economic activity in the Black Sea are maritime freight, oil and gas production and transportation, industrial extraction of marine biological resources, recreational and tourist activities in coastal areas, etc. The Black Sea significantly affects the climate of the south-eastern part of the European continent, forming regional climatic features in the area. The development of measures to adapt to climate change requires the collection and analysis of data on the state of the climate system and the current characteristics of their interaction and feedback. Purpose. The purpose of this work is to review and analyze information on regional climate change observed in recent decades to find patterns and possible links with the variability of the hydrological regime of the Black Sea. Results. This paper contains information on the main climatic characteristics of the Black Sea region, such as air temperature, precipitation, atmospheric pressure, wind speed, as well as indicators of cyclonic activity. Conclusions. In recent decades, the Black Sea region has seen an increase in air temperature caused by changes in large-scale atmospheric circulation, in the form of increased recurrence of anticyclonic processes, leading to a decrease in clouds and an increase in shortwave radiation entering the underlying surface. At the same time, since the mid-2000s, the increase in average annual air temperature has increased. The average annual rainfall is maintained in most parts of the region, with the exception of the eastern part of the Black Sea coast of Turkey and the coastal areas of Georgia, where there is an increase in both rainfall and the frequency of extreme rainfall. At the same time, there is some increase in both the intensity and amount of winter precipitation over the Black Sea. Wind speeds in the Black Sea region as a whole show a decrease in their values, with some increase in the western part of the Black Sea, which is also associated with changes in the peculiarities of circulating processes that develop over South-Eastern Europe.
{"title":"Modern Climate Change in the Black Sea Region","authors":"Y. Hadri, M. A. Berlinsky, M. Slizhe","doi":"10.26565/1992-4259-2021-25-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/1992-4259-2021-25-01","url":null,"abstract":"Topicality. Climate change in the Black Sea region in recent decades poses certain risks to the econo-mies of countries of region, and may have a significant negative impact on the state of terrestrial and marine ecosystems. The main areas of economic activity in the Black Sea are maritime freight, oil and gas production and transportation, industrial extraction of marine biological resources, recreational and tourist activities in coastal areas, etc. The Black Sea significantly affects the climate of the south-eastern part of the European continent, forming regional climatic features in the area. The development of measures to adapt to climate change requires the collection and analysis of data on the state of the climate system and the current characteristics of their interaction and feedback.\u0000\u0000Purpose. The purpose of this work is to review and analyze information on regional climate change observed in recent decades to find patterns and possible links with the variability of the hydrological regime of the Black Sea.\u0000\u0000Results. This paper contains information on the main climatic characteristics of the Black Sea region, such as air temperature, precipitation, atmospheric pressure, wind speed, as well as indicators of cyclonic activity.\u0000\u0000Conclusions. In recent decades, the Black Sea region has seen an increase in air temperature caused by changes in large-scale atmospheric circulation, in the form of increased recurrence of anticyclonic processes, leading to a decrease in clouds and an increase in shortwave radiation entering the underlying surface. At the same time, since the mid-2000s, the increase in average annual air temperature has increased. The average annual rainfall is maintained in most parts of the region, with the exception of the eastern part of the Black Sea coast of Turkey and the coastal areas of Georgia, where there is an increase in both rainfall and the frequency of extreme rainfall. At the same time, there is some increase in both the intensity and amount of winter precipitation over the Black Sea. Wind speeds in the Black Sea region as a whole show a decrease in their values, with some increase in the western part of the Black Sea, which is also associated with changes in the peculiarities of circulating processes that develop over South-Eastern Europe.","PeriodicalId":40624,"journal":{"name":"Visnyk of V N Karazin Kharkiv National University-Series Geology Geography Ecology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83517314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-15DOI: 10.26565/1992-4259-2021-25-03
S. Kovalenko, R. Ponomarenko, O. Kraynyuk, O. Severynov
Purpose. To analyze the qualitative malt of the surface water body to determine changes in its ecological status. Methods. Statistical and systematic analysis of ecological status changes was performed according to the interactive map "Monitoring and ecological assessment of water resources of Ukraine" of the river Psel for 2012 - 2020 on the following indicators: nitrates, nitrites, phosphates, ammonium ions, sulfates, chlorides. Results. It was found that in the Psel River in 2019 there was a decrease in the total phosphate content from point Nr 1 to point Nr 6. At the same time, there is a significant increase near Bishkin village. The reason may be the placement of a fence post in a settlement where there are no treatment facilities. There is an increase in nitrate concentration, while in the Kaminne village and Velyka Bagachka urban-type settlement there is a decrease in nitrate concentrations, which may be associated with their consumption of phytoplankton, which should lead to increased turbidity and biological oxygen demand. The increased concentration of nitrites indicates the intensity of decomposition of organic matter, and the delay of oxidation of NO2– to NO3–, which clearly indicates the pollution of the reservoir. Nitrates and nitrites enter the water from the effluents of industrial and agricultural enterprises. The decrease in the ammonium ions concentration (the Chervone village) is most likely due to their oxidation, dissolved in water by oxygen, with the formation of nitrate ions. There is an increase in chloride content. The increase in chloride concentration near the Byshkin village and the Kaminne village is due to the pollution of surface water bodies with domestic wastewater. There is an increase in the sulfates content. For the manufacture of fertilizers or chemicals in the technological process at the enterprise sulfuric acid is used. Therefore, it can be assumed that the discharges of untreated water by the enterprise can be the reason for the increase in the content of sulfates in the river water. Conclusions. An analysis of changes in the ecological status of the Psel River on the basis of data «Monitoring and environmental assessment of water resources of Ukraine» for 2012 – 2020 was performed. It is revealed that the river Psel is under rgular technogenic impact, has a tendency to steady deterioration of its ecological condition.
{"title":"Environmental Assessment of Surface Water Body Quality (on the Example of the Psel River)","authors":"S. Kovalenko, R. Ponomarenko, O. Kraynyuk, O. Severynov","doi":"10.26565/1992-4259-2021-25-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/1992-4259-2021-25-03","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. To analyze the qualitative malt of the surface water body to determine changes in its ecological status.\u0000\u0000Methods. Statistical and systematic analysis of ecological status changes was performed according to the interactive map \"Monitoring and ecological assessment of water resources of Ukraine\" of the river Psel for 2012 - 2020 on the following indicators: nitrates, nitrites, phosphates, ammonium ions, sulfates, chlorides.\u0000\u0000Results. It was found that in the Psel River in 2019 there was a decrease in the total phosphate content from point Nr 1 to point Nr 6. At the same time, there is a significant increase near Bishkin village. The reason may be the placement of a fence post in a settlement where there are no treatment facilities. There is an increase in nitrate concentration, while in the Kaminne village and Velyka Bagachka urban-type settlement there is a decrease in nitrate concentrations, which may be associated with their consumption of phytoplankton, which should lead to increased turbidity and biological oxygen demand. The increased concentration of nitrites indicates the intensity of decomposition of organic matter, and the delay of oxidation of NO2– to NO3–, which clearly indicates the pollution of the reservoir. Nitrates and nitrites enter the water from the effluents of industrial and agricultural enterprises. The decrease in the ammonium ions concentration (the Chervone village) is most likely due to their oxidation, dissolved in water by oxygen, with the formation of nitrate ions. There is an increase in chloride content. The increase in chloride concentration near the Byshkin village and the Kaminne village is due to the pollution of surface water bodies with domestic wastewater. There is an increase in the sulfates content. For the manufacture of fertilizers or chemicals in the technological process at the enterprise sulfuric acid is used. Therefore, it can be assumed that the discharges of untreated water by the enterprise can be the reason for the increase in the content of sulfates in the river water.\u0000\u0000Conclusions. An analysis of changes in the ecological status of the Psel River on the basis of data «Monitoring and environmental assessment of water resources of Ukraine» for 2012 – 2020 was performed. It is revealed that the river Psel is under rgular technogenic impact, has a tendency to steady deterioration of its ecological condition.","PeriodicalId":40624,"journal":{"name":"Visnyk of V N Karazin Kharkiv National University-Series Geology Geography Ecology","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81635228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-12DOI: 10.26565/1992-4259-2021-25-07
I. V. Kravchenko, O. Suvorin
Purpose. To determine the contribution of emissions of the state enterprise ‘Severodonetsk Cogeneration Plant’ to the air basin pollution level in Severodonetsk and the risks to public health. Methods. Modelling of the pollutants spread from a single point source and assessment of chronic carcinogenic and toxic risks by using EOL-2000 [h] automated system with the ‘Risk Indicator’ utility for calculating the dispersion of emissions in the atmosphere. Risk Calculator (EPA US) helped to assess the risk levels for workers of different occupations, namely, outdoor workers, indoor workers, and builders. The seasonal wind rose was determined based on the Copernicus Climate Change Service (European Commission). Results. According to the adopted modelling scenario (stable operation of the plant, a seasonal wind rose), the contribution of emissions from SE ‘Severodonetsk СP’ to the level of air pollution in Severodonetsk is extremely small, since the contents of all components are less than normal. However, the plant emits toxic compounds of manganese, vanadium, mercury as well as xylene and hydrogen fluoride, which are combined with background substances in the summation group. According to the modelling results, the sanitary protection zone of Severodonetsk СP does not require modification or adjustment. Among all the emissions, chromium (VI) and nickel demonstrate oncogenic properties with a unidirectional effect on the lungs and nasal cavity. The individual carcinogenic risk of 6.01´10-6 generated by gas emissions of the plant is acceptable. Manifestation of chronic toxic effects from emissions of Severodonetsk СP is unlikely as indicated by the minimum (target) levels of non-carcinogenic risks. Conclusions. Emissions from the planned activities of the СP during the cold period do not exceed MPC, and the risks to the health of the population living nearby residential areas and employees of enterprises are minimal. At the same time, the air quality in Severodonetsk is not satisfactory and requires measures to reduce risks. To perform this task, it is necessary to identify all sources of air pollution with the maximum contribution to the risks to the urban population health.
{"title":"Assessing the Impact of Emissions of Severodonetsk Cogeneration Plant on the Health of the Urban Population","authors":"I. V. Kravchenko, O. Suvorin","doi":"10.26565/1992-4259-2021-25-07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/1992-4259-2021-25-07","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. To determine the contribution of emissions of the state enterprise ‘Severodonetsk Cogeneration Plant’ to the air basin pollution level in Severodonetsk and the risks to public health.\u0000\u0000Methods. Modelling of the pollutants spread from a single point source and assessment of chronic carcinogenic and toxic risks by using EOL-2000 [h] automated system with the ‘Risk Indicator’ utility for calculating the dispersion of emissions in the atmosphere. Risk Calculator (EPA US) helped to assess the risk levels for workers of different occupations, namely, outdoor workers, indoor workers, and builders. The seasonal wind rose was determined based on the Copernicus Climate Change Service (European Commission).\u0000\u0000Results. According to the adopted modelling scenario (stable operation of the plant, a seasonal wind rose), the contribution of emissions from SE ‘Severodonetsk СP’ to the level of air pollution in Severodonetsk is extremely small, since the contents of all components are less than normal. However, the plant emits toxic compounds of manganese, vanadium, mercury as well as xylene and hydrogen fluoride, which are combined with background substances in the summation group. According to the modelling results, the sanitary protection zone of Severodonetsk СP does not require modification or adjustment.\u0000\u0000Among all the emissions, chromium (VI) and nickel demonstrate oncogenic properties with a unidirectional effect on the lungs and nasal cavity. The individual carcinogenic risk of 6.01´10-6 generated by gas emissions of the plant is acceptable. Manifestation of chronic toxic effects from emissions of Severodonetsk СP is unlikely as indicated by the minimum (target) levels of non-carcinogenic risks.\u0000\u0000Conclusions. Emissions from the planned activities of the СP during the cold period do not exceed MPC, and the risks to the health of the population living nearby residential areas and employees of enterprises are minimal. At the same time, the air quality in Severodonetsk is not satisfactory and requires measures to reduce risks. To perform this task, it is necessary to identify all sources of air pollution with the maximum contribution to the risks to the urban population health.","PeriodicalId":40624,"journal":{"name":"Visnyk of V N Karazin Kharkiv National University-Series Geology Geography Ecology","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90348201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：