Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.26565/1992-4259-2019-20-08
Purpose. The physico-chemical processes in river mouth area, which include the Don and Kuban rivers, limited the transport capacity of the main ports of the Sea of Azov as a result of the silting by suspended matter by the river runoff. The fall of the depths in the the ports and marine channels is one of the key problems of the functioning of the ports. Dredging works and dumping linked with shipping as well as shipping linked with the world economy. It is impossible to abandon shipping, as well it is impossible to abandon the dredging and damping. For this reason, the purpose of the work is to assess the optimal dredging works for the exploitation of the ports of Ukraine in the Sea of Azov. Methods. The comparative analysis of modern hydrometeorological conditions, including the dominant influence of wind activity, the velocity and the direction of currents according to actual data, the transparency of sea water, the runoff the river Kalmius had been done. The available images of DigitalGlobe’s remote sensing satellites and dredging results, which were periodically performed to support the depths on the sea marine channel to the port water area, were examined. Modern and retrospective data of bathymetric surveys using GIS processing technologies for comparing the results, as well as standard methods of statistical data processing were also used. Results. During the investigated period, the images of the Earth's remote sensing satellites from DigitalGlobe were studied. An anthropogenic impact to the silting in the study area was revealed (the turning point between 0 km of the marine channel of the port and the shallow water area of the port of Azovstal). For compare the depths in the investigated area which is under the the river Kalmius influence positions of the surveyed post had been established. As result of analysis of direct measurement data and graphic material the permanent silting of the marine channel was not established as well as the direct statistical relationship between the silting and the river run incoming with suspended matter with Kalmius river. The main process of sedimentation determines by the Don river. The upper limit of maximum sedimentation is 5–7 ‰, coincides with the investigated area, where theoretically one should expect the process of accumulation of bottom sediments. Conclusion. The result of comparing Kalmius river runoff with depths in the marine channel of the port of Azovstal, in the area of area of river mouth, revealed there is not representative statistical relationship. It is necessary monitoring data for a long period of data for representative comparing the runoff Kalmius river and siling processes. In modern period the runoff of the Don river is significantly deformed under the influence of anthropogenic factors and the representative statistical estimation have to be done using only the direct measurements, which are fairly limited. Nevertheless, the reduction of Don river runoff and, thus, the direct
{"title":"The Estimation of the Main Silting Factors in the Marine Artificial Channel of the Azovstal Port (Mari-upol, Ukraine)","authors":"","doi":"10.26565/1992-4259-2019-20-08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/1992-4259-2019-20-08","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. The physico-chemical processes in river mouth area, which include the Don and Kuban rivers, limited the transport capacity of the main ports of the Sea of Azov as a result of the silting by suspended matter by the river runoff. The fall of the depths in the the ports and marine channels is one of the key problems of the functioning of the ports. Dredging works and dumping linked with shipping as well as shipping linked with the world economy. It is impossible to abandon shipping, as well it is impossible to abandon the dredging and damping. For this reason, the purpose of the work is to assess the optimal dredging works for the exploitation of the ports of Ukraine in the Sea of Azov. Methods. The comparative analysis of modern hydrometeorological conditions, including the dominant influence of wind activity, the velocity and the direction of currents according to actual data, the transparency of sea water, the runoff the river Kalmius had been done. The available images of DigitalGlobe’s remote sensing satellites and dredging results, which were periodically performed to support the depths on the sea marine channel to the port water area, were examined. Modern and retrospective data of bathymetric surveys using GIS processing technologies for comparing the results, as well as standard methods of statistical data processing were also used. Results. During the investigated period, the images of the Earth's remote sensing satellites from DigitalGlobe were studied. An anthropogenic impact to the silting in the study area was revealed (the turning point between 0 km of the marine channel of the port and the shallow water area of the port of Azovstal). For compare the depths in the investigated area which is under the the river Kalmius influence positions of the surveyed post had been established. As result of analysis of direct measurement data and graphic material the permanent silting of the marine channel was not established as well as the direct statistical relationship between the silting and the river run incoming with suspended matter with Kalmius river. The main process of sedimentation determines by the Don river. The upper limit of maximum sedimentation is 5–7 ‰, coincides with the investigated area, where theoretically one should expect the process of accumulation of bottom sediments. Conclusion. The result of comparing Kalmius river runoff with depths in the marine channel of the port of Azovstal, in the area of area of river mouth, revealed there is not representative statistical relationship. It is necessary monitoring data for a long period of data for representative comparing the runoff Kalmius river and siling processes. In modern period the runoff of the Don river is significantly deformed under the influence of anthropogenic factors and the representative statistical estimation have to be done using only the direct measurements, which are fairly limited. Nevertheless, the reduction of Don river runoff and, thus, the direct ","PeriodicalId":40624,"journal":{"name":"Visnyk of V N Karazin Kharkiv National University-Series Geology Geography Ecology","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76160869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.26565/1992-4259-2019-21-05
Puporse. Development a method for the localization of emergencies associated with the leakage of volatile toxic liquids, by using the foams with adjustable curing time. Methods. Surface insulation method of the spilled toxic liquid by using the air-mechanical foam. Results. The results of the development a method for the localization of emergencies associated with the leakage of volatile toxic liquids, by using the foams with adjustable curing time are presented. The new scientific result consists in the use of gelation processes, to obtain an insulating agent with a specified time of curing. It has been established that the most effective means that reduce the rate of transition of toxic liquids to the gas phase are those that ensure the liquid surface isolation. It is proposed to use foam with the time of cure that can be adjust ed. Experimentally determined gel times for two gel forming systems (NH4Cl + Na2O • 2,5SiO2 and (NH4)2SO4+ Na2O ∙ 2,5SiO2). On the basis of the data obtained, the concentrations of the gel formulation and the gelation catalyst with the gel time were selected in the interval of 30-60 s. Conclusions. The developed systems allow to achieve a long process of isolation at a lower specific consumption of components. It is shown that the use of the proposed components in the soil is an environmentally safe process.
{"title":"Environmentally Safe Method of Localization of Soil Pollution in Emergency Situations of Technogenic Nature","authors":"","doi":"10.26565/1992-4259-2019-21-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/1992-4259-2019-21-05","url":null,"abstract":"Puporse. Development a method for the localization of emergencies associated with the leakage of volatile toxic liquids, by using the foams with adjustable curing time. Methods. Surface insulation method of the spilled toxic liquid by using the air-mechanical foam. Results. The results of the development a method for the localization of emergencies associated with the leakage of volatile toxic liquids, by using the foams with adjustable curing time are presented. The new scientific result consists in the use of gelation processes, to obtain an insulating agent with a specified time of curing. It has been established that the most effective means that reduce the rate of transition of toxic liquids to the gas phase are those that ensure the liquid surface isolation. It is proposed to use foam with the time of cure that can be adjust ed. Experimentally determined gel times for two gel forming systems (NH4Cl + Na2O • 2,5SiO2 and (NH4)2SO4+ Na2O ∙ 2,5SiO2). On the basis of the data obtained, the concentrations of the gel formulation and the gelation catalyst with the gel time were selected in the interval of 30-60 s. Conclusions. The developed systems allow to achieve a long process of isolation at a lower specific consumption of components. It is shown that the use of the proposed components in the soil is an environmentally safe process.","PeriodicalId":40624,"journal":{"name":"Visnyk of V N Karazin Kharkiv National University-Series Geology Geography Ecology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76437652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.26565/2410-7360-2019-50-05
The work is aimed to study the gas recovery stabilization prospects in Ukraine on the existing deposits due to renewable processes concerning gas reserves. The article reviews and analyzes the main results in the Shebelynka gas condensate field (GCF) development from the point of view of its water flooding.It is possible to restore the gas reserves in the assumption that they are being developed due to the gas flow from deep horizons. In detail, all factors are taken into consideration, which influences the formation pressure in the process of deposits development. The work presents analysis of the water pressure system in the Shebelinka GCF, the results of the calculation of reserves of edge water (water pressure system of the field is limited), investigates the dynamics of water flooding (intrusion of water in gas deposits) and the role of capillary forces in slowing down the advance of the water front. It was shown that water flooding practically does not affect the development of gas depletion, and the reservoir pressure-decline rate is slowing down both under the influence of known factors and due to the flow of gas through tectonic disruptions, especially in the core deposit. It is proved that when the annual gas consumption is reduced to 1800-1900 million 3, it will be fully compensated by the crossflow of gas. The graphic forecast of gas recovery till 2040 is presented in variants without compressor and compressor opening since 2019, taking into consideration the reserves stock. It has been calculated that with introduction of the planned new compressor station at Shebelinka GCF annual gas production in the period of 2020-2040 will be maintained at 2.4-2.1 billion cubic meters and additional gas extraction for the period 2019-2036 is - 6.5 billion m3. During the development of the field, depression between the main reservoir and the deep horizons of carbon will increase, that might increase the volume of gas crossflow and accelerate the degassing of the Earth, taking into account presence of macro- and micro-tectonic faults. Considering the possibility of a long-term development in the Shebelinka GCF, it is necessary to pay special attention to the fund of wells, its updating, repair or use as a means for receiving the heat from the Earth. The phenomenon of restoration of gas reserves at the Shebelinka GCF, which was established by researches, is promising for other deposits of Ukraine and needs further special researches, on separate objects. Object of research: Shebelinka gas condensate field. Gas extraction and processes for maintaining reservoir pressure, including through the gas crossflow of gas from the deep horizons of tectonic disturbances. Subject of the study: Analysis and forecast of gas production in the future for various options for development, both compressor and non-compressor exploitation of the deposit, taking into consideration maintenance of reservoir pressure and stock reserves.
{"title":"Prospects of long-term development of Shebelynka gas-condensate deposit in conditions of stocks recovery","authors":"","doi":"10.26565/2410-7360-2019-50-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2410-7360-2019-50-05","url":null,"abstract":"The work is aimed to study the gas recovery stabilization prospects in Ukraine on the existing deposits due to renewable processes concerning gas reserves. The article reviews and analyzes the main results in the Shebelynka gas condensate field (GCF) development from the point of view of its water flooding.It is possible to restore the gas reserves in the assumption that they are being developed due to the gas flow from deep horizons. In detail, all factors are taken into consideration, which influences the formation pressure in the process of deposits development. The work presents analysis of the water pressure system in the Shebelinka GCF, the results of the calculation of reserves of edge water (water pressure system of the field is limited), investigates the dynamics of water flooding (intrusion of water in gas deposits) and the role of capillary forces in slowing down the advance of the water front. It was shown that water flooding practically does not affect the development of gas depletion, and the reservoir pressure-decline rate is slowing down both under the influence of known factors and due to the flow of gas through tectonic disruptions, especially in the core deposit. It is proved that when the annual gas consumption is reduced to 1800-1900 million 3, it will be fully compensated by the crossflow of gas. The graphic forecast of gas recovery till 2040 is presented in variants without compressor and compressor opening since 2019, taking into consideration the reserves stock. It has been calculated that with introduction of the planned new compressor station at Shebelinka GCF annual gas production in the period of 2020-2040 will be maintained at 2.4-2.1 billion cubic meters and additional gas extraction for the period 2019-2036 is - 6.5 billion m3. During the development of the field, depression between the main reservoir and the deep horizons of carbon will increase, that might increase the volume of gas crossflow and accelerate the degassing of the Earth, taking into account presence of macro- and micro-tectonic faults. Considering the possibility of a long-term development in the Shebelinka GCF, it is necessary to pay special attention to the fund of wells, its updating, repair or use as a means for receiving the heat from the Earth. The phenomenon of restoration of gas reserves at the Shebelinka GCF, which was established by researches, is promising for other deposits of Ukraine and needs further special researches, on separate objects. Object of research: Shebelinka gas condensate field. Gas extraction and processes for maintaining reservoir pressure, including through the gas crossflow of gas from the deep horizons of tectonic disturbances. Subject of the study: Analysis and forecast of gas production in the future for various options for development, both compressor and non-compressor exploitation of the deposit, taking into consideration maintenance of reservoir pressure and stock reserves.","PeriodicalId":40624,"journal":{"name":"Visnyk of V N Karazin Kharkiv National University-Series Geology Geography Ecology","volume":"135 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83128849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.26565/2410-7360-2019-50-14
G. V. Titenko, K. Utkina, A. Shkaruba, Г. В. Тітенко, К. Б. Уткіна, А. Н. Некос
Formulation of the problem. At present in Ukraine environmental problems are very topical. A comprehensive and effective solution to theses problems can be grounded on the the use of modern approaches, expressed through harmonization with the best world practices. Training of highly qualified specialists is an important component of the integrated approach. Currently, in Ukraine it is performed on 4 environmenal specialties: 03.00.16 - Environmental Sciences, 08.00.06 – Economics of Environmental Resources Management (Economics), 11.00.11 - Constructive Geography and Wise Use of Natural Resources (Geographic Sciences) and 21.06.01- Environmental Safety (Engineering and Industrial Technology Sciences, Chemistry and Geology). In addition, separate issues of environmental protection are considered in 15 specialties from the List 2011. Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine No. 266, dated April 29, 2015, “On approval of the list of branches of knowledge and specialties for which candidates for higher education are trained”(“List 2015”) canceled “List 2011” [2]. Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine No. 1151, dated November 6, 2015, “On the peculiarities of introducing the list of branches of knowledge and specialties for which candidates for higher education are trained” [3], the table of compliance of the List of scientific specialties (“List 2011” and List of areas of knowledge and specialties for which candidates for higher education are trained, including PhDs (“List 2015”) [2] was approved. At the same time, up to the present day, theses have been defended according to “List 2011”. The problem of “dispersion” of environmental issues among various specialties in various branches of knowledge not only remained, but also grew up, as the number of the latter increased. This situation is of concern to the scientific community. The purpose of the article. To clarify the problems existing in the national system of postgraduate students’ training in environment-oriented specialties and defending theses by them in accordance with modern requirements, as well as finding ways to improve this situation, based on international experience. Methods. As part of the implementation of project Erasmus + “Integrated Doctoral Program for Environmental Policy, Management and Technology - INTENSE”, 586471-EPP-1-2017-1-EE-EPPKA2-CBHE-JP, an anonymous survey of leading scientists engaged in post-graduate training and doing research work in the field of the environment. The questionnaire was developed by Odessa State Environmental University and the survey covered institutions of higher education in almost all regional centres of Ukraine, as well as the cities of Uman and Kremenchuk. It should be noted that such cities as Kharkiv, Lviv, Kyiv, Dnipro, Vinnytsia, Poltava and Uman were represented by several universities. The rest of the regions were represented by the respondents of one institution of higher education. Results. The obtai
{"title":"Solving current environmental problems by harmonization of doctoral programs with european standards","authors":"G. V. Titenko, K. Utkina, A. Shkaruba, Г. В. Тітенко, К. Б. Уткіна, А. Н. Некос","doi":"10.26565/2410-7360-2019-50-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2410-7360-2019-50-14","url":null,"abstract":"Formulation of the problem. At present in Ukraine environmental problems are very topical. A comprehensive and effective solution to theses problems can be grounded on the the use of modern approaches, expressed through harmonization with the best world practices. Training of highly qualified specialists is an important component of the integrated approach. Currently, in Ukraine it is performed on 4 environmenal specialties: 03.00.16 - Environmental Sciences, 08.00.06 – Economics of Environmental Resources Management (Economics), 11.00.11 - Constructive Geography and Wise Use of Natural Resources (Geographic Sciences) and 21.06.01- Environmental Safety (Engineering and Industrial Technology Sciences, Chemistry and Geology). In addition, separate issues of environmental protection are considered in 15 specialties from the List 2011. Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine No. 266, dated April 29, 2015, “On approval of the list of branches of knowledge and specialties for which candidates for higher education are trained”(“List 2015”) canceled “List 2011” [2]. Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine No. 1151, dated November 6, 2015, “On the peculiarities of introducing the list of branches of knowledge and specialties for which candidates for higher education are trained” [3], the table of compliance of the List of scientific specialties (“List 2011” and List of areas of knowledge and specialties for which candidates for higher education are trained, including PhDs (“List 2015”) [2] was approved. At the same time, up to the present day, theses have been defended according to “List 2011”. The problem of “dispersion” of environmental issues among various specialties in various branches of knowledge not only remained, but also grew up, as the number of the latter increased. This situation is of concern to the scientific community. The purpose of the article. To clarify the problems existing in the national system of postgraduate students’ training in environment-oriented specialties and defending theses by them in accordance with modern requirements, as well as finding ways to improve this situation, based on international experience. Methods. As part of the implementation of project Erasmus + “Integrated Doctoral Program for Environmental Policy, Management and Technology - INTENSE”, 586471-EPP-1-2017-1-EE-EPPKA2-CBHE-JP, an anonymous survey of leading scientists engaged in post-graduate training and doing research work in the field of the environment. The questionnaire was developed by Odessa State Environmental University and the survey covered institutions of higher education in almost all regional centres of Ukraine, as well as the cities of Uman and Kremenchuk. It should be noted that such cities as Kharkiv, Lviv, Kyiv, Dnipro, Vinnytsia, Poltava and Uman were represented by several universities. The rest of the regions were represented by the respondents of one institution of higher education. Results. The obtai","PeriodicalId":40624,"journal":{"name":"Visnyk of V N Karazin Kharkiv National University-Series Geology Geography Ecology","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83806062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.26565/1992-4259-2019-20-07
V. Karazin, О. Р. Перхач, канд. геогр, наук, доц, Львівський національний, університет імені, Івана Франка
Purpose. The validity of geographic studies of reservoirs and ponds which there are a subsystem of water resources in the region, is substantiated. Methods. Methodology and methods of natural geographical and hydro-geographical researches are used. Results. There is no clear difference between the reservoir and the pond. It is conditionally assumed that an artificial reservoir with a volume of up to 1 million m3 is a pond, and with larger volume is a reservoir. In the Lviv region there are 20 reservoirs (in Ukraine there are 968 reservoirs). Within the river basin of the Dniester there is 55%, the Western Bug - 25% and Xian 20% of all reservoirs in Lviv region. In the low ground administrative districts, the largest reservoirs are located in Horodok and Yavorivsky Region - five. According to the number of ponds, Lviv region takes the fourth place in Ukraine. The region has in general 3085 ponds. The largest amount of ponds is located in the Dniester basin - 54%, 23% and 16%, respectively, in the basins of the Western Bug and Xian. The smallest amount (7%) of the ponds is located in the Styr's basin. According to the low ground administrative districts, the highest number of ponds is in Yavoriv - 353 and Horodok and Drohobych region, 217 and 216 respectively. In general, an average of 0.56 hectares (in neighboring regions of 0.12-0.20 hectares) of the water surface of artificial reservoirs is in km2 of Lviv Oblast. As we see, Lviv region is two to three times the neighboring regions over this indicator. Of the total volume of reservoirs and ponds per person in the oblast, there are 71.8 m3 of water per year. Conclusions. These reservoirs - reservoirs and ponds, are of great economic importance, and also are important for water content of the territory. In order to maintain the proper functioning of reservoirs and ponds, their comprehensive, in particular, geographic research is extremely necessary.
{"title":"Analysis of Water Reservoirs and Ponds Resources in the Lviv Region","authors":"V. Karazin, О. Р. Перхач, канд. геогр, наук, доц, Львівський національний, університет імені, Івана Франка","doi":"10.26565/1992-4259-2019-20-07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/1992-4259-2019-20-07","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. The validity of geographic studies of reservoirs and ponds which there are a subsystem of water resources in the region, is substantiated. Methods. Methodology and methods of natural geographical and hydro-geographical researches are used. Results. There is no clear difference between the reservoir and the pond. It is conditionally assumed that an artificial reservoir with a volume of up to 1 million m3 is a pond, and with larger volume is a reservoir. In the Lviv region there are 20 reservoirs (in Ukraine there are 968 reservoirs). Within the river basin of the Dniester there is 55%, the Western Bug - 25% and Xian 20% of all reservoirs in Lviv region. In the low ground administrative districts, the largest reservoirs are located in Horodok and Yavorivsky Region - five. According to the number of ponds, Lviv region takes the fourth place in Ukraine. The region has in general 3085 ponds. The largest amount of ponds is located in the Dniester basin - 54%, 23% and 16%, respectively, in the basins of the Western Bug and Xian. The smallest amount (7%) of the ponds is located in the Styr's basin. According to the low ground administrative districts, the highest number of ponds is in Yavoriv - 353 and Horodok and Drohobych region, 217 and 216 respectively. In general, an average of 0.56 hectares (in neighboring regions of 0.12-0.20 hectares) of the water surface of artificial reservoirs is in km2 of Lviv Oblast. As we see, Lviv region is two to three times the neighboring regions over this indicator. Of the total volume of reservoirs and ponds per person in the oblast, there are 71.8 m3 of water per year. Conclusions. These reservoirs - reservoirs and ponds, are of great economic importance, and also are important for water content of the territory. In order to maintain the proper functioning of reservoirs and ponds, their comprehensive, in particular, geographic research is extremely necessary.","PeriodicalId":40624,"journal":{"name":"Visnyk of V N Karazin Kharkiv National University-Series Geology Geography Ecology","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85598340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.26565/2410-7360-2019-50-12
D. Pankratenkova
The aim of the research is to analyze the problem of anthropogenic influence on the sea coasts, to develop and improve the constructive-geographical foundations of rational nature management for the conservation and possible renewal of natural resources on the north-west coast of the Black Sea. Methods. The main methods used in the preparation process and writing of the article are systematization methods, retrospective, analytical, comparative geographical and historical. Scientific novelty of the article. The fact that the coastal zone of the Black Sea coast is experiencing uncontrolled anthropogenic impacts; this research has improved and developed constructive-geographical foundations for their rational management. Practical value. Developed scientific recommendations are universal. They are very important for the implementation of integrated management of the coastal zone in the country, the optimization of nature management and the preservation of the natural systems on the north-west coast of the Black Sea, in particular, and the entire World Ocean, as a whole. Research results. Intensive development of the coast and consumer economic activity over the past decades has led to the degradation of natural systems. Rational use of natural resources of the coastal zone of the sea assumed the development of foundations that comprehensively take into account the physical-geographical and socio-economic processes, as well as the laws of their development that determine the current state and dynamics of changes in natural systems during their operation. On the basis of a detailed study of domestic and foreign publications related to this topic, the activities of integrated coastal zone management (ICZM) in different countries of the world were analyzed. The foundations and principles for introducing ICZM in Ukraine are highlighted. It has been established that for the development of any projects in the coastal zone of the sea, it is necessary to have a scientific natural rationale from scientists obtained in the process of detailed research. These provisions can be the scientific basis of the relevant legislative framework for the optimization of nature management and spatial planning on the north-west coast of the Black Sea. Well-developed and improved scientific provisions are suitable for correcting the current situation in the direction of higher efficiency on coastаl control. These constructive-geographic foundations can become the basis and the main algorithm for practical implementation of environmental legislation in Ukraine.
{"title":"Constructive-geographic foundations of nature management on the north-western coast of the Black Sea","authors":"D. Pankratenkova","doi":"10.26565/2410-7360-2019-50-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2410-7360-2019-50-12","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the research is to analyze the problem of anthropogenic influence on the sea coasts, to develop and improve the constructive-geographical foundations of rational nature management for the conservation and possible renewal of natural resources on the north-west coast of the Black Sea. Methods. The main methods used in the preparation process and writing of the article are systematization methods, retrospective, analytical, comparative geographical and historical. Scientific novelty of the article. The fact that the coastal zone of the Black Sea coast is experiencing uncontrolled anthropogenic impacts; this research has improved and developed constructive-geographical foundations for their rational management. Practical value. Developed scientific recommendations are universal. They are very important for the implementation of integrated management of the coastal zone in the country, the optimization of nature management and the preservation of the natural systems on the north-west coast of the Black Sea, in particular, and the entire World Ocean, as a whole. Research results. Intensive development of the coast and consumer economic activity over the past decades has led to the degradation of natural systems. Rational use of natural resources of the coastal zone of the sea assumed the development of foundations that comprehensively take into account the physical-geographical and socio-economic processes, as well as the laws of their development that determine the current state and dynamics of changes in natural systems during their operation. On the basis of a detailed study of domestic and foreign publications related to this topic, the activities of integrated coastal zone management (ICZM) in different countries of the world were analyzed. The foundations and principles for introducing ICZM in Ukraine are highlighted. It has been established that for the development of any projects in the coastal zone of the sea, it is necessary to have a scientific natural rationale from scientists obtained in the process of detailed research. These provisions can be the scientific basis of the relevant legislative framework for the optimization of nature management and spatial planning on the north-west coast of the Black Sea. Well-developed and improved scientific provisions are suitable for correcting the current situation in the direction of higher efficiency on coastаl control. These constructive-geographic foundations can become the basis and the main algorithm for practical implementation of environmental legislation in Ukraine.","PeriodicalId":40624,"journal":{"name":"Visnyk of V N Karazin Kharkiv National University-Series Geology Geography Ecology","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84918905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.26565/2410-7360-2019-50-16
M. Fedoniuk, V. Fedoniuk, Vasyl Volodymyrovych Ivantsiv
Formulation of the problem. The environmental parameters of precipitation in the city often differ from the background values and require the special observations program. The existing state monitoring system does not reflect the spatial differentiation of such parameters in urban areas, so it needs to be improved. The purpose of the article: to find out the features of organization and implementation of rainfall environmental monitoring in urban areas, with the justification of the main parameters of observation and spatial placement of network points. Methods. The main results are based on the authors' experience in own observations on the amount, acidity and mineralization of precipitation in several quarters of Lutsk during 2015-2018. Results. Own observations and mapping of individual parameters of atmospheric precipitation in the city allowed to reveal the dependence of the indexes of acidity and mineralization on the amount of precipitation, air pollution, directions of air inflow, temperature, etc. The spatial differentiation of these indicators in the city is significant (the amplitude can reach up to 0.9 units of pH and 15-17 ppm of tds) and is related to the distribution of anthropogenic emissions and some microclimatic differences. Therefore, by organization the system of ecological monitoring of precipitation in the city it is necessary to focus on the definition of such basic parameters: pH, total mineralization, amount of precipitation, and also concomitant: water and air temperature, direction of airflows, carbon dioxide concentration, duration of the previous rainless period, etc. To select the representative locations for the control of precipitation in the city, it is necessary to analyze the following indicators: direction of prevailing winds, landscape and geomorphological features, the proximity of the most sources of anthropogenic contamination, building types etc. In this case, the minimum monitoring scheme should include such control points: the near and far outskirts (in relation to the arrival of prevailing air masses), the leeward sides of large industrial zones or transport interchanges, the largest green zone, area near the city water body, and several points (1-3) in residential areas. Scientific novelty and practical significance. The main parameters and principles of the spatial organization of environmental monitoring of rainwater in the city are identified. The algorithm for creation such network has been tested in Lutsk and can be used for realization in other cities. Automation of similar measurements based on microcontrollers will to create quality non-state monitoring networks with the display of data in real time.
{"title":"Possibilities for improvement of environmental monitoring of precipitation in the city (a case of Lutsk)","authors":"M. Fedoniuk, V. Fedoniuk, Vasyl Volodymyrovych Ivantsiv","doi":"10.26565/2410-7360-2019-50-16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2410-7360-2019-50-16","url":null,"abstract":"Formulation of the problem. The environmental parameters of precipitation in the city often differ from the background values and require the special observations program. The existing state monitoring system does not reflect the spatial differentiation of such parameters in urban areas, so it needs to be improved. The purpose of the article: to find out the features of organization and implementation of rainfall environmental monitoring in urban areas, with the justification of the main parameters of observation and spatial placement of network points. Methods. The main results are based on the authors' experience in own observations on the amount, acidity and mineralization of precipitation in several quarters of Lutsk during 2015-2018. Results. Own observations and mapping of individual parameters of atmospheric precipitation in the city allowed to reveal the dependence of the indexes of acidity and mineralization on the amount of precipitation, air pollution, directions of air inflow, temperature, etc. The spatial differentiation of these indicators in the city is significant (the amplitude can reach up to 0.9 units of pH and 15-17 ppm of tds) and is related to the distribution of anthropogenic emissions and some microclimatic differences. Therefore, by organization the system of ecological monitoring of precipitation in the city it is necessary to focus on the definition of such basic parameters: pH, total mineralization, amount of precipitation, and also concomitant: water and air temperature, direction of airflows, carbon dioxide concentration, duration of the previous rainless period, etc. To select the representative locations for the control of precipitation in the city, it is necessary to analyze the following indicators: direction of prevailing winds, landscape and geomorphological features, the proximity of the most sources of anthropogenic contamination, building types etc. In this case, the minimum monitoring scheme should include such control points: the near and far outskirts (in relation to the arrival of prevailing air masses), the leeward sides of large industrial zones or transport interchanges, the largest green zone, area near the city water body, and several points (1-3) in residential areas. Scientific novelty and practical significance. The main parameters and principles of the spatial organization of environmental monitoring of rainwater in the city are identified. The algorithm for creation such network has been tested in Lutsk and can be used for realization in other cities. Automation of similar measurements based on microcontrollers will to create quality non-state monitoring networks with the display of data in real time.","PeriodicalId":40624,"journal":{"name":"Visnyk of V N Karazin Kharkiv National University-Series Geology Geography Ecology","volume":"116 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86756539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.26565/1992-4259-2019-20-01
Purpose. Substantiation and formulation of conceptual basis to establish an effective National marine research system as a basic constituent of information support of Ukrainian economic and military interests in the Black and Azov Seas. Results. Current state of marine research infrastructures in Ukraine has been analysed, as well as the current legal framework. The issues of finding the ways to resolve the problem has been considered, first of all principles and mechanisms of an integrated system of marine studies restoration and functioning. Measures and steps have been substantiated to establish the National system of sustainable marine studies in Ukraine. The National system will be aimed at provision of the Government and the interested ministries and departments with up-to-date information for protection of National interests, enhancement of security, protection of sovereignty of the state. The list of concrete measures of the future programme has been presented and divided into three blocks: a) institutional, b) establishing of the up-to-date research infrastructure, c) performing of studies in the exclusive (marine) economic zone of Ukraine. Conclusions. Research potential of Ukraine has decreased during the past decade down to minimal critical level out of all the years since independence, first of all as the result of annexation of the Crimea and the adjacent Black Sea shelf area by Russian Federation. The departmental system of research financing and performing currently used in Ukrainian for goal-orientated marine studies in the interests of specific ministries and departments is unable to solve the existing problems. The only way out is to develop and implement a State target scientific and technical programme; its key priorities shall be solving of a number of similar international problems existing in all the Black Sea countries and the National interests of Ukraine. Establishing of a newest national research system is impossible without creation of a respective infrastructure, restoration of research fleet and an up-to-date system of marine specialists training taking into account the experience of European and world science.
{"title":"Conceptual Basis for Research Infrastructure Restoration to Ensure Marine Studies in Ukraine","authors":"","doi":"10.26565/1992-4259-2019-20-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/1992-4259-2019-20-01","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. Substantiation and formulation of conceptual basis to establish an effective National marine research system as a basic constituent of information support of Ukrainian economic and military interests in the Black and Azov Seas. Results. Current state of marine research infrastructures in Ukraine has been analysed, as well as the current legal framework. The issues of finding the ways to resolve the problem has been considered, first of all principles and mechanisms of an integrated system of marine studies restoration and functioning. Measures and steps have been substantiated to establish the National system of sustainable marine studies in Ukraine. The National system will be aimed at provision of the Government and the interested ministries and departments with up-to-date information for protection of National interests, enhancement of security, protection of sovereignty of the state. The list of concrete measures of the future programme has been presented and divided into three blocks: a) institutional, b) establishing of the up-to-date research infrastructure, c) performing of studies in the exclusive (marine) economic zone of Ukraine. Conclusions. Research potential of Ukraine has decreased during the past decade down to minimal critical level out of all the years since independence, first of all as the result of annexation of the Crimea and the adjacent Black Sea shelf area by Russian Federation. The departmental system of research financing and performing currently used in Ukrainian for goal-orientated marine studies in the interests of specific ministries and departments is unable to solve the existing problems. The only way out is to develop and implement a State target scientific and technical programme; its key priorities shall be solving of a number of similar international problems existing in all the Black Sea countries and the National interests of Ukraine. Establishing of a newest national research system is impossible without creation of a respective infrastructure, restoration of research fleet and an up-to-date system of marine specialists training taking into account the experience of European and world science.","PeriodicalId":40624,"journal":{"name":"Visnyk of V N Karazin Kharkiv National University-Series Geology Geography Ecology","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84294582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.26565/1992-4259-2019-20-11
The risk to human health due the consumption of vegetables is based on the characterization of harmful effects that can develop in the human body in case of the long-term eating of these products. At the same time, when people consume vegetables, it is possible to reduce their content of pollutants by heat treatment, for example, cooking. Therefore, it is relevant to compare the risk that occurs when eating raw and boiled vegetables. Purpose. Determination of environmental risk from the eating of vegetables (carrots and potatoes) with high concentrations of chemical elements and the ability to reduce them in case of boiling. Methods. Field, atomic absorption spectrophotometry, statistical methods were used. Results. On the basis of field-based research, the content of heavy metals - lead, cadmium, zinc, copper and iron and nitrates in cooked and raw carrots and potatoes - was determined on the farmland located in Shevchenkovo settlement of the Kharkiv region and laboratory studies. It turned out that virtually all metals concentrations do not have excessived MAC. To determine the level of influence of cooking on the fruit the relative content of heavy metals before and after cooking were researched. Based on the results of laboratory analysis, the coefficients of concentration of heavy metals in plant products were calculated and the environmental risk from the consumption of vegetables in food was calculated. When comparing all risk agents among themselves by hazard ratios, the predominance of nitrates and cadmium in all samples was detected. It should also be noted that there is a high risk of lead, copper and iron found in carrots. Comparison of test objects with the overall environmental risk for health from their use showed that the highest risk is crude carrots, and the lowest - potatoes are cooked. Heat treatment of carrots reduces the overall risk by only 25%, and potato - by 40%. Conclusions. It is established that after heat treatment almost all substances are partially derived from vegetables. Analysis of the changes occurring in potatoes and carrots after cooking indicates a reduction in the risk of the disease. The risk of the onset of diseases in virtually all organs is highest when carrots are consumed raw.
{"title":"Estimation of Environmental Risk when Eating Raw and Boiled Vegetables","authors":"","doi":"10.26565/1992-4259-2019-20-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/1992-4259-2019-20-11","url":null,"abstract":"The risk to human health due the consumption of vegetables is based on the characterization of harmful effects that can develop in the human body in case of the long-term eating of these products. At the same time, when people consume vegetables, it is possible to reduce their content of pollutants by heat treatment, for example, cooking. Therefore, it is relevant to compare the risk that occurs when eating raw and boiled vegetables. Purpose. Determination of environmental risk from the eating of vegetables (carrots and potatoes) with high concentrations of chemical elements and the ability to reduce them in case of boiling. Methods. Field, atomic absorption spectrophotometry, statistical methods were used. Results. On the basis of field-based research, the content of heavy metals - lead, cadmium, zinc, copper and iron and nitrates in cooked and raw carrots and potatoes - was determined on the farmland located in Shevchenkovo settlement of the Kharkiv region and laboratory studies. It turned out that virtually all metals concentrations do not have excessived MAC. To determine the level of influence of cooking on the fruit the relative content of heavy metals before and after cooking were researched. Based on the results of laboratory analysis, the coefficients of concentration of heavy metals in plant products were calculated and the environmental risk from the consumption of vegetables in food was calculated. When comparing all risk agents among themselves by hazard ratios, the predominance of nitrates and cadmium in all samples was detected. It should also be noted that there is a high risk of lead, copper and iron found in carrots. Comparison of test objects with the overall environmental risk for health from their use showed that the highest risk is crude carrots, and the lowest - potatoes are cooked. Heat treatment of carrots reduces the overall risk by only 25%, and potato - by 40%. Conclusions. It is established that after heat treatment almost all substances are partially derived from vegetables. Analysis of the changes occurring in potatoes and carrots after cooking indicates a reduction in the risk of the disease. The risk of the onset of diseases in virtually all organs is highest when carrots are consumed raw.","PeriodicalId":40624,"journal":{"name":"Visnyk of V N Karazin Kharkiv National University-Series Geology Geography Ecology","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90566676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.26565/1992-4259-2019-20-05
V. Karazin, М. Снигирев
Purpose. To study the state of mezozooplankton in the Zmiinyi Island coastal waters in 2016-2017. Methods. Standard methods of mezozooplankton sampling, determination, number and biomass assessment. Results. Based on the data received, analysis of biodiversity and structural characteristics of mezozooplankton in the Zmiinyi Island coastal waters has been made. Taxonomic composition, number and biomass have been determined for each species; dynamics of number and biomass presented season by season. Marine environment quality assessment has been performed on the metrics of mezozooplankton. Conclusions. Altogether 32 taxa of 9 main mezozooplankton groups were identified in 2016-2017. It was shown that the dominating groups were Copepoda, Rotatoria, Protozoa, Cladocera and Harpacticoida. Shannon’s biodiversity index of mezozooplankton varied from 0.41 (20.06.2016) to 3.29 (24.07.2016) with average values 2.32 in 2016 and 1.64 in 2017. Mezozooplankton number and biomass varied in 2016-2017 within broad limits from 645 to 55829 ind/m³ and 1.385 to 2597.248 mg/m³ respectively (with average values 10129 ind/m³ and 154.82 mg/m³ in the period IV-XII, 2016 and 21563 ind/m³ and 466.30 mg/m³ in the period IV-VI, 2017). Water quality in the coastal waters of the Zmiinyi Island on the state of mezozooplankton was «Bad» in 18 cases out of 68 (26.4%) and was assessed in general as «Poor». On total mezozooplankton biomass the state was assessed as «Poor» and «Bad» (68.2%). «Good» (10.6%) and «High» (9.1%) quality was found in 19.7% of cases, which evidenced unsatisfactory state of mezozooplankton – the main component of food reserve for pelagic larvae and pelagic species of the Black Sea fish.
{"title":"Studies of mezozooplankton in the Zmiinyi Island coastal waters in 2016-2017","authors":"V. Karazin, М. Снигирев","doi":"10.26565/1992-4259-2019-20-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/1992-4259-2019-20-05","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. To study the state of mezozooplankton in the Zmiinyi Island coastal waters in 2016-2017. Methods. Standard methods of mezozooplankton sampling, determination, number and biomass assessment. Results. Based on the data received, analysis of biodiversity and structural characteristics of mezozooplankton in the Zmiinyi Island coastal waters has been made. Taxonomic composition, number and biomass have been determined for each species; dynamics of number and biomass presented season by season. Marine environment quality assessment has been performed on the metrics of mezozooplankton. Conclusions. Altogether 32 taxa of 9 main mezozooplankton groups were identified in 2016-2017. It was shown that the dominating groups were Copepoda, Rotatoria, Protozoa, Cladocera and Harpacticoida. Shannon’s biodiversity index of mezozooplankton varied from 0.41 (20.06.2016) to 3.29 (24.07.2016) with average values 2.32 in 2016 and 1.64 in 2017. Mezozooplankton number and biomass varied in 2016-2017 within broad limits from 645 to 55829 ind/m³ and 1.385 to 2597.248 mg/m³ respectively (with average values 10129 ind/m³ and 154.82 mg/m³ in the period IV-XII, 2016 and 21563 ind/m³ and 466.30 mg/m³ in the period IV-VI, 2017). Water quality in the coastal waters of the Zmiinyi Island on the state of mezozooplankton was «Bad» in 18 cases out of 68 (26.4%) and was assessed in general as «Poor». On total mezozooplankton biomass the state was assessed as «Poor» and «Bad» (68.2%). «Good» (10.6%) and «High» (9.1%) quality was found in 19.7% of cases, which evidenced unsatisfactory state of mezozooplankton – the main component of food reserve for pelagic larvae and pelagic species of the Black Sea fish.","PeriodicalId":40624,"journal":{"name":"Visnyk of V N Karazin Kharkiv National University-Series Geology Geography Ecology","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72707093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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