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Gregory Vargo, ed. Chartist Drama 格雷戈里·瓦尔戈主编宪章戏剧
IF 0.3 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.3366/vic.2023.0483
Rebecca Nesvet
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引用次数: 0
Thomas Hardy and the Gothic: Restructuring the Gothic Prison in Far from the Madding Crowd (1874) and Tess of the d’Urbervilles (1891) 托马斯·哈迪与哥特式:《远离疯狂人群》中的哥特式监狱重构(1874)和《德伯家的苔丝》(1891)
IF 0.3 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.3366/vic.2023.0479
N. N. Nikravesh
This article explores Thomas Hardy’s engagement with the Gothic tradition, particularly in relation to the female monstrosity and imprisonment central to mid-Victorian Gothic realism. Focusing on Tess of the d’Urbervilles (1891) and Far from the Madding Crowd (1874), I demonstrate that Hardy purges the Gothic from the domestic space and disperses it into the natural world, restructuring the Gothic prison that haunts the tradition. By moving the Gothic into a less socially fraught place – the sublimity of nature rather than the psyche of the woman – Hardy also reconfigures Gothic female monstrosity. No longer a reflection of the repressed desires and passions of rebellious female characters, the monstrous in Hardy’s Wessex is linked instead to raging fires and destructive storms, presenting the Gothic as ever-present and occurring in the ‘open air’ of nature. Hardy neutralises the formerly imprisoning domestic space and introduces a new Gothic force as a source of anxiety: the burden of time. The focus on time and temporality in Tess of the d’Urbervilles reveals an increasing ambivalence towards modernity in Hardy’s later novels, as the suffering of the heroine through physical confinement is moved to entrapment by the ‘burden of time’ in the rapidly changing Victorian fin de siècle. As a result, the Gothic that enters Wessex takes on both a spatial and temporal quality – manifested in the natural world but linked to haunted pasts and haunting futures. Through a series of shifts in Far from the Madding Crowd and Tess of the d’Urbervilles – of Gothic repression removed from the female psyche and Gothic imprisonment unlinked from the domestic space – Hardy establishes a further linkage between the Gothic and time in the latter novel. As a result of this displacement of original Gothic tropes, Hardy’s work can be read as both radically feminist and deeply critical of modernity.
本文探讨了托马斯·哈迪对哥特式传统的参与,特别是与维多利亚中期哥特式现实主义的核心女性怪物和监禁的关系。我以《德伯家的苔丝》(1891)和《远离疯狂的人群》(1874)为中心,论证了哈迪将哥特式从家庭空间中清除出来,并将其分散到自然世界中,重构了萦绕在传统中的哥特式监狱。通过将哥特式建筑转移到一个不那么社交的地方 – 自然的崇高而不是女人的心理 – 哈迪还重新塑造了哥特式的女性怪物。哈迪的《威塞克斯》中的怪物不再是叛逆女性角色压抑欲望和激情的反映,而是与熊熊大火和毁灭性风暴联系在一起,呈现出哥特式的存在,并发生在大自然的“露天”中。哈迪中和了以前禁锢的家庭空间,并引入了一种新的哥特式力量作为焦虑的来源:时间的负担。《德伯家的苔丝》对时间和时间性的关注揭示了哈迪后期小说中对现代性的矛盾心理,因为女主人公在身体禁闭中的痛苦被迅速变化的维多利亚时代的“时间负担”所束缚。因此,进入威塞克斯的哥特式建筑同时具有空间和时间特征 – 表现在自然世界中,但与闹鬼的过去和闹鬼的未来联系在一起。通过《远离疯狂的人群》和《德伯家的苔丝》中的一系列转变 – 哥特式压抑从女性心理中消失,哥特式监禁与家庭空间无关 – 哈迪在后一部小说中建立了哥特式与时间的进一步联系。由于这种对原始哥特式比喻的置换,哈迪的作品可以被解读为激进的女权主义和对现代性的深刻批判。
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引用次数: 0
Kimberly Cox, Touch, Sexuality, and Hands in British Literature, 1740–1901 金伯利·考克斯:《英国文学中的触摸、性与手》,1740-1901年
IF 0.3 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.3366/vic.2023.0484
Doreen Thierauf
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引用次数: 0
Suzanne Fagence Cooper, How We Might Live: At Home with Jane and William Morris 苏珊娜·法根斯·库珀,《我们将如何生活:与简和威廉·莫里斯在家》
IF 0.3 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.3366/vic.2023.0485
Sophie Thompson
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引用次数: 0
Sensation and the City: Charlotte Riddell’s George Geith and the Emergence of the Sensation Genre 《感觉与城市:夏洛特·里德尔的乔治·盖斯与感觉体裁的出现》
IF 0.3 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.3366/vic.2022.0468
H. Ifill
Charlotte Riddell’s George Geith of Fen Court was published in 1864, just after Wilkie Collins's The Woman in White, Ellen Wood’s East Lynne, and Mary Elizabeth Braddon’s Lady Audley’s Secret seemed to initiate the sensation genre. It features adultery, bigamy, false identities, forgery, illegitimacy, and a fake pregnancy, and Riddell is often referred to as a sensation author by modern critics. However, George Geith resists easy categorisation as a sensation novel and Riddell was frequently compared with George Eliot, a respected realist author. Riddell uses sensational plots in a way that managed to avoid George Geith being castigated as a sensation novel by reviewers, but that allowed her to convey some transgressive notions about marriage and to further her agenda to make the City of London and its hardworking businessmen viable fictional subjects. In undertaking this analysis of George Geith this article suggests that one new direction for sensation studies is to reconsider why certain authors (such as Riddell) have been classed as sensational, and by doing so revisit the criteria that have been used to identify sensation fiction (including plot, tone, and reputation) then and now.
夏洛特·里德尔的《芬科特的乔治·盖斯》出版于1864年,就在威尔基·柯林斯的《白衣女人》、艾伦·伍德的《东琳恩》和玛丽·伊丽莎白·布莱登的《奥德利夫人的秘密》似乎开创了感觉小说类型之后。它的特点是通奸、重婚、假身份、伪造、私生子和假怀孕,里德尔经常被现代评论家称为轰动作家。然而,乔治·盖斯拒绝轻易归类为一部轰动小说,里德尔经常被比作乔治·艾略特,一位受人尊敬的现实主义作家。里德尔用耸人听闻的情节避免了乔治·盖斯被评论家批评为耸人听闻的小说,但这使她能够传达一些关于婚姻的越轨观念,并进一步推进她的议程,使伦敦金融城及其辛勤工作的商人成为小说的主题。在对乔治·盖斯的分析中,本文提出了一个新的研究方向,即重新考虑为什么某些作者(如里德尔)被归类为煽情小说,并通过这样做重新审视过去和现在用于识别煽情小说的标准(包括情节、语气和声誉)。
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引用次数: 1
Mary Elizabeth Braddon’s and Dion Boucicault’s Sensational Re-writings across Media: The Octoroon 玛丽·伊丽莎白·布莱登和迪翁·布西柯的《跨媒体的耸人听闻的重写:奥克托伦》
IF 0.3 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.3366/vic.2022.0471
B. Palmer
This article seeks to add to the conversation around transmedia practices in Victorian culture and to suggest that sensation, a particular type of storytelling that sought to affect its audiences physically and emotionally with its extreme events in contemporary settings, was significant to the development of transmedia practices in the ease with which sensationalists moved their stories across boundaries and the highly self-reflexive way in which they did so. Whilst contemporary reviewers expressed anxiety about the fractured and multiple means by which sensation could be consumed, sensation writers like novelist Mary Elizabeth Braddon and playwright Dion Boucicault highlighted their sensational productions as transmedia, often in the face of critical opprobrium. Examining both writers’ versions of The Octoroon (1861–2), a story about racial inequality set in antebellum Louisiana, we can see how offering readers and audiences sensational stories that continued, expanded or re-told other sensational stories kept Victorian consumers coming back for more. Sensation, this article suggests, was at the forefront of stimulating its audiences in new ways: bodily, intellectually, and emotionally, and that the transmedia connectedness of sensationalists’ work increased their capacity to create new sensations.
本文试图增加关于维多利亚文化中跨媒体实践的对话,并表明感觉,一种特殊类型的叙事方式,试图通过其极端事件在当代环境中影响其受众的身体和情感,对于跨媒体实践的发展具有重要意义,因为感觉主义者可以轻松地将他们的故事跨越边界,并且他们这样做的方式是高度自我反思的。尽管当代评论家对情感消费的断裂和多种方式表示担忧,但像小说家玛丽·伊丽莎白·布莱登和剧作家迪翁·布西柯这样的情感作家却经常面对批评的指责,强调他们的煽情作品是跨媒体的。《奥克托罗人》(The Octoroon, 1861-2)讲述的是发生在南北战争前的路易斯安那州的种族不平等问题。研究这两位作家的版本,我们可以看到,为读者和观众提供延续、扩展或重新讲述其他耸人听闻故事的耸人听闻的故事,是如何让维多利亚时代的消费者不断回头的。这篇文章认为,《感觉》站在了以身体、智力和情感等新方式刺激观众的最前沿,并且感觉主义者作品的跨媒体联系增强了他们创造新感觉的能力。
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引用次数: 0
Brief Encounters: Sensation Fiction and the Short Story 《短暂相遇:感觉小说与短篇小说》
IF 0.3 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.3366/vic.2022.0470
Anne-Marie Beller
Building on recent work on sensation short fiction, which has convincingly argued for the form’s significance to our knowledge of mid-Victorian sensationalist culture more broadly, this article examines Wilkie Collins’s ‘A Marriage Tragedy’ (1857–58), and Mary Elizabeth Braddon’s ‘Levison’s Victim’ (1870) and ‘The Mystery at Fernwood’ (1861). Through a focus on generic hybridity, marriage, and identity, the connections and divergences between the short and long forms of literary sensationalism are traced, from the passing of the Divorce and Matrimonial Causes Act in 1857 to the first Married Women’s Property Act of 1870. These particular markers reflect the distinct emphasis on matrimony within these texts during a crucial period of public interest in the Marriage Question. It is argued that the sensation short story is more heavily characterised by gothic tropes than its longer counterpart, even as it eschews the supernatural. Female characters in these stories encounter marriage as an uncanny site of terror and are silenced and traumatised by these intimate experiences. Despite the legal reforms and ongoing public debate of the 1860s and 1870s, writers of the sensation short story suggest that modern marriage retains the threats to female liberty, safety, and sanity that characterised the gothic narratives of an earlier period.
最近的短篇小说作品令人信服地论证了这种形式对我们更广泛地了解维多利亚时代中期耸人听闻的文化的重要性,本文以其为基础,研究了威尔基·柯林斯的《婚姻悲剧》(1857-58)、玛丽·伊丽莎白·布莱登的《莱维森的受害者》(1870)和《芬伍德之谜》(1861)。通过对一般杂交、婚姻和身份的关注,从1857年《离婚和婚姻原因法》的通过到1870年第一部《已婚妇女财产法》,追踪了文学轰动主义的短形式和长形式之间的联系和分歧。这些特殊的标记反映了在公众对婚姻问题感兴趣的关键时期,这些文本中对婚姻的独特强调。有人认为,尽管短篇小说避开了超自然现象,但与长篇小说相比,短篇小说的哥特式风格更为浓重。这些故事中的女性角色将婚姻视为恐怖的神秘场所,并因这些亲密经历而沉默和创伤。尽管在19世纪60年代和70年代进行了法律改革和持续的公众辩论,但这些短篇小说的作者认为,现代婚姻保留了对女性自由、安全和理智的威胁,这些威胁是早期的哥特叙事的特征。
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引用次数: 0
‘Ingratitude! Treachery! Revenge!’: Race, Empire, and Mutinous Femininities in Harriette Gordon Smythies’ A Faithful Woman (1865) “坚忍不拔!背信弃义复仇!”:Harriette Gordon Smythies《一个忠诚的女人》(1865)中的种族、帝国与矛盾的女性主义
IF 0.3 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.3366/vic.2022.0469
F. Garrido
Harriette Gordon Smythies’ overlooked sensation novel A Faithful Woman (1865) engages with two cultural formations instrumental in shaping the Victorians’ representations of race, and to a large degree, also their understanding of it: The Indian Rebellion of 1857 and minstrelsy. As its various symbolic appropriations of mutinous women show, the novel is highly critical of the easy and essentialising recriminations of ‘vile’ Indianness and offers a keen appreciation of the parallels between the Empire’s racialising oppressions abroad and its gendered oppressions at home. At the same time, however, its representations of African American characters seek to enshrine Britain’s moral superiority vis-à-vis the United States’ slavery system. Particularly, A Faithful Woman’s examinations of racialised imaginations of Indian Britons and African Americans – contrasting, for instance, British sculpture and portraiture with (allegedly) American minstrelsy – speak to its attempt to dissociate the practices of Empire from its former colonies across the Atlantic. Its critical examination of imperial notions of race in post-Rebellion sensation fiction, this article argues, helps to reaffirm the very colonial practices that it seeks to undermine.
哈里特·戈登·斯迈提斯(Harriette Gordon Smythies)被忽视的轰动小说《忠诚的女人》(1865)涉及两种文化形态,这两种文化在塑造维多利亚时代的种族表征方面发挥了重要作用,在很大程度上也影响了他们对种族的理解:1857年的印度起义和吟游诗人。正如对叛变女性的各种象征性挪用所表明的那样,这部小说高度批评了对“卑鄙”印度人的简单而本质化的相互指责,并敏锐地欣赏了帝国在国外的种族压迫和在国内的性别压迫之间的相似之处。然而,与此同时,它对非裔美国人性格的刻画试图体现英国相对于美国奴隶制制度的道德优越性。特别是,《一个忠诚的女人》对印度裔英国人和非裔美国人种族化想象的考察 – 例如,将英国的雕塑和肖像画与(据称)美国的吟游诗人进行对比 – 谈到它试图将帝国的做法与其大西洋对岸的前殖民地分离开来。本文认为,它对叛乱后轰动小说中帝国主义种族观念的批判性审视,有助于重申它试图破坏的殖民主义做法。
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引用次数: 0
‘Half Man, Half Chair’: Disability and the Posthuman Technological Imaginaries of Miserrimus Dexter's Sensational Body in Wilkie Collins' The Law and the Lady (1875) “半人半椅”:残疾与威尔基·柯林斯《法律与女人》(1875)中米斯雷穆斯·德克斯特感性身体的后人类技术想象
IF 0.3 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.3366/vic.2022.0472
Esther Reilly
Questions of identity are central to Wilkie Collins’ 1875 novel, The Law and the Lady, where we find the extraordinary and androgynous body of wheelchair-using Miserrimus Dexter. Disabled and without legs since birth, and described as ‘the new Centaur, half-man, half-chair,’ Dexter’s disfigured body is one of Collins’ most shocking and confusing characters. As a fusion of man and machinery, Dexter is even more extreme than Collins’ many other sensational characters and fascinating because of his exaggerated physical difference, eccentric behaviour, and hybrid identity. Dexter is represented as a hybrid, a bizarre mix of the human, non-human animal, and machine. He is a unique example of Collins’ sensational ability to draw on social fears and anxieties by creating an extreme body that is capable of crossing ‘natural’ boundaries, propelling Dexter towards what we now know as ‘posthumanism.’ This essay examines how the sensation genre allows Collins to test out freakish/posthuman/cyborg bodies. Dexter’s physical limitations are overcome by uniting his body with technology. However, as his identity becomes completely bound up with the mechanism he uses to move about, Collins depicts him becoming less human and increasingly unhinged. Collins’ novel expresses anxieties about the dehumanising impact of the rise of technology rather than enthusiasm for the transhuman possibilities offered.
身份问题是威尔基·柯林斯1875年小说《法律与夫人》的核心,在这部小说中,我们发现了使用Miserrimus Dexter的轮椅的非凡和雌雄同体的身体。德克斯特从出生起就残疾,没有腿,被描述为“新的半人马,半人半椅”,他毁容的身体是柯林斯最令人震惊和困惑的角色之一。作为人与机器的融合体,德克斯特比柯林斯笔下的许多其他耸人听闻的角色更加极端,因为他夸张的身体差异、古怪的行为和混合身份而引人入胜。德克斯特被描绘成一个混血儿,一个奇怪的人类、非人类动物和机器的混合体。他是柯林斯利用社会恐惧和焦虑的惊人能力的一个独特例子,创造了一个能够跨越“自然”边界的极端身体,推动德克斯特走向我们现在所说的“后人道主义”这篇文章探讨了感觉类型如何让柯林斯测试出怪异/后人类/半机械人的身体。德克斯特的身体限制是通过将他的身体与技术结合起来克服的。然而,随着他的身份与他四处走动的机制完全联系在一起,柯林斯描绘了他变得不那么人性化,越来越精神错乱。柯林斯的小说表达了对技术崛起带来的非人性影响的焦虑,而不是对所提供的超人类可能性的热情。
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引用次数: 0
Sensation Fiction: New Directions 感觉小说:新方向
IF 0.3 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.3366/vic.2022.0467
B. Palmer
2022 marks forty years since Patrick Brantlinger posed the question ‘What is Sensational About the Sensation Novel?’ Since then, scholars have continued to probe and extend early definitions of sensation fiction as a short-lived subgenre dealing with secret crimes taking place in genteel Victorian settings. Research on sensation fiction has developed apace, and scholars have developed approaches utilising methodologies from media studies, history of science, disability studies, and beyond. In doing so, they have greatly expanded the range of sensation novelists studied. Such research (benefitting from the enormous spread of digitisation since Brantlinger’s article) has also highlighted the significance of serialisation, adaptation, and experimentation in sensation fiction and the relationship between form and content has continued to be of interest. The past decade has also seen an interest in sensation as a global publishing phenomenon and this has led to scholars tackling more fully issues of race, racism, and national identity in sensation fiction. The articles in this issue build upon these recent interventions and seek to point out possible new paths in the study of sensation fiction.
2022年是帕特里克·布兰特林格(Patrick Brantlinger)提出“轰动小说的什么是轰动?”这个问题的40周年。从那以后,学者们继续探索并扩展了早期对“感觉小说”的定义,将其作为一种短命的亚类型,描述发生在维多利亚时代上流社会背景下的秘密犯罪。对感觉小说的研究发展迅速,学者们已经开发出了利用媒体研究、科学史、残疾研究等方法的方法。在此过程中,他们极大地扩展了对感觉小说家的研究范围。这样的研究(得益于自布兰特林格的文章以来数字化的巨大传播)也突出了系列化、改编和实验在感觉小说中的重要性,形式和内容之间的关系一直是人们感兴趣的。在过去的十年里,人们对感觉小说的兴趣也成为一种全球出版现象,这导致学者们在感觉小说中更全面地探讨种族、种族主义和国家认同问题。本期的文章以这些最近的干预为基础,试图指出研究感觉小说的可能的新途径。
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引用次数: 1
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Victoriographies-A Journal of Nineteenth-Century Writing 1790-1914
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