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Reconsidering cameraless photography 重新考虑无相机摄影
0 ART Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.1386/pop_00036_2
Tomáš Dvořák
This article introduces the Special Issue on cameraless photography and the translation of Georg Christoph Lichtenberg’s treatise on electrical figures. It summarizes previous discussions on cameraless photography, namely those by Geoffrey Batchen and suggests relating the photogram to current post-lenticular technologies such as radiography, digital scanning or machine vision. It outlines the emergence of cameraless imaging in late eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century scientific research, taking Lichtenberg’s figures as an emblem of automatically generated images situated between duration and instantaneity, between image making and measurement, between nature and culture.
本文介绍了《无相机摄影特刊》和利希滕贝格关于电子图形的论文的翻译。它总结了之前关于无摄像头摄影的讨论,即杰弗里·巴肯的讨论,并建议将摄影与当前的后透镜技术联系起来,如射线照相、数字扫描或机器视觉。它概述了18世纪末和19世纪初科学研究中无摄像头成像的出现,将利希滕贝格的人物作为自动生成的图像的象征,这些图像位于持续时间和即时性之间,图像制作和测量之间,自然和文化之间。
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引用次数: 0
Pureness or corruption: Spectres and ghosts between photography and X-rays 纯洁还是堕落:摄影和x射线之间的幽灵和幽灵
0 ART Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.1386/pop_00041_1
Martin Charvát
This article investigates the paradoxical nature of cameraless photography. Born after the invention of early photography, the camera apparatus is clearly a precondition of the idea and practice of cameraless photography (photography made without a camera). Yet, at the same time, cameraless photography is situated as a form of pure photography, giving rise to the idea that the spirit of photography lies somewhere beyond the mediation of the camera. This article approaches the paradoxical nature of cameraless photography in an indirect manner by considering the spectrality of photography: from conceptions of early photography as itself spectral, to the manifestation of spectres in spirit photography, to the decomposition of the spectres by X-rays and radioactivity. Cameraless photography plays a twofold role in this genealogy of photographic spectres: first, it goes against a certain understanding of the spirit of photography as conditioned by the manipulating force of the camera apparatus; second, it proves the existence of spectres by uncovering the ontological convulsions of the world.
这篇文章探讨了无相机摄影的矛盾本质。相机装置诞生于早期摄影发明之后,显然是无相机摄影(无相机摄影)理念和实践的先决条件。然而,与此同时,无相机摄影被定位为纯粹摄影的一种形式,从而产生了摄影精神超越相机中介的想法。本文通过考虑摄影的光谱性,以一种间接的方式来探讨无相机摄影的矛盾本质:从早期摄影本身是光谱的概念,到幽灵在精神摄影中的表现,再到x射线和放射性对幽灵的分解。无相机摄影在这种摄影幽灵的谱系中扮演着双重角色:首先,它违背了对摄影精神的某种理解,这种精神受到相机设备操纵力的制约;其次,它通过揭示世界本体论的动荡来证明幽灵的存在。
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引用次数: 0
On the photographic status of images produced by generative adversarial networks (GANs) 生成对抗性网络图像的摄影状态
0 ART Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.1386/pop_00044_1
A. Somaini
The text analyses the new images produced by artificial neural networks such as Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) from the perspective of photography and, more specifically, cameraless photography. The images produced by GANs are located within the wider framework of the impact of machine learning technologies on contemporary visual culture and contemporary artistic practices. In the final section, the article focuses on the work of two artists who have explicity tackled the relations between GAN-generated images and the traditions of photography and cameraless photography, with their multiple intertwinings of human and non-human agencies: Mario Klingemann and Grégory Chatonsky.
本文从摄影的角度,更具体地说,从无相机摄影的角度,分析了由生成对抗网络(gan)等人工神经网络产生的新图像。gan产生的图像位于机器学习技术对当代视觉文化和当代艺术实践影响的更广泛框架内。在最后一节,文章重点介绍了两位艺术家的作品,他们明确地处理了gan生成的图像与摄影和无相机摄影传统之间的关系,以及他们对人类和非人类机构的多重纠缠:马里奥·克里格曼和格莱姆戈里·查顿斯基。
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引用次数: 0
Pechblende Pechblende
0 ART Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.1386/pop_00039_7
Susanne Kriemann
Bringing together an assemblage of archival materials, photo documents, literature and found objects, Pechblende investigates concepts of scale, proximity and distance in relation to radioactivity and the body. Centred on the highly radioactive and uranium-rich mineral pitchblende (German: Pechblende), the work traces a history of scientific and photographic processes narrated through the interconnected sites of laboratory, archive, museum and mine. Pitchblende was mined in the Ore Mountains of the former German Democratic Republic between 1946 and 1989. Today, the former mining sites are under way to being transformed into a tranquil mountain vista, with few recognizable traces of the still-radiating industrial worksites. Concerned with both the literal and the political invisibility of radioactivity, Kriemann produced ‘autoradiographs’ – a unique type of photograph that is the result of directly exposing light-sensitive paper to the pitchblende specimens. Aiming to visualize what is invisible and yet acutely present: radioactivity.
Pechblende汇集了档案材料、照片文件、文献和发现的物品,研究了放射性和人体之间的尺度、接近和距离的概念。该作品以高放射性和富铀矿物沥青铀矿(德语:Pechblende)为中心,通过实验室、档案馆、博物馆和矿山等相互关联的场所,追溯了科学和摄影过程的历史。沥青铀矿于1946年至1989年间在前德意志民主共和国的矿石山脉开采。今天,以前的矿区正在被改造成一个宁静的山景,几乎没有可辨认的仍在放射着辐射的工业场所的痕迹。考虑到放射性在文字上和政治上的不可见性,克里曼制作了“自射线照相”——一种独特的照片,是直接将感光纸暴露在沥青铀矿标本上的结果。目的是可视化看不见的东西,但却强烈存在:放射性。
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引用次数: 0
Kinemorphic cursives: Self-imaging and the non-mimetic source of photoimaging 动态草书:自我成像和照相成像的非拟态来源
0 ART Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.1386/pop_00038_1
Christophe Wall-Romana
The motive for late eighteenth-century proto-technics of photography and cinema was never quite mimetic representation: it was generating autonomous impressions of natural phenomena within the tradition of Naturphilosophie. The article analyses a series of connections between ‘natural hieroglyphs’ (von Lichtenberg), Jacques-Alexandre-César Charles’s ‘megascope’, Wedgwood’s pre-photography, Lavater’s silhouettes and antecedents of Marey’s ‘graphic method’. The goal is to document precursor ideas, devices, setups and frameworks of photoimaging medias to show that the genealogy of photography and cinema intersected through many polymath transverses within the ambit of natural philosophy (and the context of slavery).
18世纪晚期摄影和电影的原始技术的动机从来都不是完全模仿的表现:它是在自然哲学的传统中产生对自然现象的自主印象。文章分析了“自然象形文字”(von Lichtenberg)、jacques - alexandre - csamar Charles的“meggascope”、Wedgwood的前摄影、Lavater的剪影和Marey的“图形方法”的前身之间的一系列联系。目的是记录摄影媒体的先驱思想、设备、设置和框架,以显示摄影和电影的谱系在自然哲学(和奴隶制的背景下)的范围内通过许多博学的横向交叉交叉。
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引用次数: 0
Spiritualism and the material performance of cameraless photography: Notes on and around a séance with Eusapia Palladino 唯心论和无相机摄影的物质表现:与尤萨皮亚·帕拉迪诺的一次谈话及其周围的笔记
0 ART Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.1386/pop_00040_1
N. Leonardi
This article examines the cameraless negatives revealing the imprints of four fingers obtained in Turin in February 1907 during the second of two séances with renowned medium Eusapia Palladino organized by physiologists Alberto Agazzotti, Carlo Foà and Amedeo Hertlizka. By looking at the material and performative components of the séance, it presents spiritualist cameraless photography as a productive tool for rethinking and reframing the photographic medium from a cross-disciplinary perspective questioning medium specific histories and dominant genealogies.
本文研究了1907年2月在都灵与生理学家Alberto Agazzotti、Carlo Foà和Amedeo Hertlizka组织的著名媒介Eusapia Palladino两次展览中的第二次展览中获得的揭示四根手指印记的无相机底片。通过观察作品的材料和表演成分,它将精神主义的无相机摄影作为一种富有成效的工具,从跨学科的角度重新思考和重构摄影媒介,质疑特定媒介的历史和主导谱系。
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引用次数: 0
Relieve de Cine en Relieve Relieve de Cine en Relieve
0 ART Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.1386/pop_00045_7
Bernd Behr
This series of images forms part of the ongoing project Soft Ground, Hard Light, which speculates on a multiscalar spatial ontology of photography emanating from the Arditurri silver mine complex in the Basque Country. Evoking the mountainous massif around Arditurri where silver ore and galena have been extracted since Roman presence in the area, the depicted topographies are, in fact, data transcriptions from atomic force microscopy (AFM) probing the analogue film stock of an early 1930s experiment in 3D cinema, Cine en Relieve, by the Basque cinematographer Teófilo Mingueza. In contrast to optical or electron microscopy, AFM uses a scanning probe to physically touch the specimen, recording its surface undulations at the atomic scale of a nanometre, or a billionth of a metre. As a haptic operation based on direct contact between instrument and sample, between apparatus and referent, AFM is literally a contact print, a ‘blind’ scan that senses not the visual content of the recorded image but ‘feels’ its underlying material substrate of silver nanoparticles within the 35 mm film emulsion. The resulting image assemblies visualize a topography resulting from the intra-action between the silver nanoparticles and the scanning probe as much as its transcription through the particular parameters afforded by the AFM analysis software. Hard Light, Soft Ground was initiated during an artist’s residency at Tabakalera Centre for Contemporary Culture, Donostia-San Sebastián, and is currently in production as part of the wider research project Esper Syndrome: Archaeotopologies of the Image at the Royal College of Art, funded by the AHRC through the London Arts & Humanities Partnership. With additional thanks to the Basque Film Archive and Gustavo Ariel Schwartz at the Materials Physics Centre, Donostia-San Sebastián.
这一系列图像构成了正在进行的项目“软地,硬光”的一部分,该项目推测了巴斯克地区阿迪图里银矿群产生的多尺度摄影空间本体。事实上,所描绘的地形图是原子力显微镜(AFM)对20世纪30年代初巴斯克电影摄影师Teófilo Mingueza在3D电影《释放的电影》(Cine en Relieve)中进行的一次实验的模拟胶片库存的数据转录,这让人想起了阿迪图里周围的山区,自罗马在该地区存在以来,那里就提取了银矿和方铅矿。与光学或电子显微镜不同,AFM使用扫描探针对样本进行物理接触,记录其在纳米或十亿分之一米原子尺度上的表面波动。作为一种基于仪器和样本之间、仪器和参考物之间直接接触的触觉操作,AFM实际上是一种接触打印,一种“盲”扫描,它不感测记录图像的视觉内容,而是“感觉”其35 mm膜乳液。所得到的图像组件可视化由银纳米颗粒和扫描探针之间的相互作用产生的形貌,以及其通过AFM分析软件提供的特定参数的转录。《硬光,软地》是一位艺术家在Donostia San Sebastián Tabakalera当代文化中心居住期间发起的,目前正在制作中,这是皇家艺术学院更广泛的研究项目“埃斯珀综合症:图像的考古学”的一部分,该项目由AHRC通过伦敦艺术与人文伙伴关系资助。此外,还要感谢巴斯克电影档案馆和Donostia San Sebastián材料物理中心的Gustavo Ariel Schwartz。
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引用次数: 0
First treatise containing general experiments on a new method for researching the nature and movement of electrical matter presented at the public meeting of the Royal Society of Sciences on 21 February 1778 1778年2月21日,在英国皇家科学学会的公开会议上发表了第一篇论文,其中包含关于研究电物质性质和运动的新方法的一般实验
0 ART Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.1386/pop_00037_1
G. Lichtenberg
This text was first published as ‘De nova methodo naturam ac motum fluidi electrici investigandi’ in Novi Commentarrii Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Gottingensis. Commentationes physicae et mathematicae classis 8 (Göttingen 1778: 168–80). It also appeared in a printing by Joann Christian Dieterich in Göttingen in 1778. Lichtenberg delivered this talk personally to the Royal Society of Sciences in Göttingen on 21 February 1778. Although Lichtenberg was not present, he had already informed the Royal Society of Lichtenberg’s discovery of the electrical figures at a meeting on 3 May 1777. The present German version was first published in Lichtenberg’s Vermischte Schriften, vol. 9 (Physikalische und mathematische Schriften, vol. 4) (Göttingen, 1806) pp. 49–80. Wolgang Promies suggests that the German translation was likely done by Friedrich Christian Kries, who was a co-editor of the Vermischte Schriften and Lichtenberg’s student (see Georg Christoph Lichtenberg [1974], Schriften und Briefe, [ed. Wolfgang Promies (K II: Kommentar zu Band III)], Munich: Carl Hanser Verlag, p. 11). Lichtenberg was the first to propose the use of + and – to designate electricity in this article.
本文首次以“De nova methodo naturam ac motum fluidi electrici investigandi”的形式发表在《哥廷根科学院评论》上。《物理与数学评论》第8类(哥廷根1778:168–80)。1778年,JoannChristianDieterich在哥廷根印刷了这本书。利希滕贝格于1778年2月21日亲自向哥廷根的皇家科学学会发表了这篇演讲。尽管利希滕贝格没有出席,但他已经在1777年5月3日的一次会议上向皇家学会通报了利希滕伯格发现的电子数字。目前的德语版本首次发表在Lichtenberg的Vermischte Schriften,第9卷(Physikalische und mathematische Schrifte,第4卷)(Göttingen,1806)第49–80页。Wolgang Promies认为德语翻译可能是由弗里德里希·克里斯蒂安·克里斯完成的,他是Vermischte Schriften和Lichtenberg的学生的联合编辑(见Georg Christoph Lichtenberg[1974],Schriften-und Briefe,[编辑Wolfgang Promies(K II:Komental zu Band III)],慕尼黑:Carl Hanser Verlag,第11页)。Lichtenberg是第一个在本文中提出使用+和–来表示电力的人。
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引用次数: 2
Photographing hyperobjects: The non-human temporality of autoradiography 拍摄超物体:放射自摄影的非人类时间性
0 ART Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.1386/pop_00042_1
Olga Moskatova
In the aftermath of the Fukushima power plant disaster, autoradiography became an increasingly widespread artistic technique for producing cameraless photography. By exposing photographic film directly using contaminated objects and materials, contemporary artists autoradiograph the geopolitics and local histories of atomic contamination due to bombing, testing, nuclear reactor explosions, mining or uranium disposal cells. In my article, I discuss the implications these autoradiographic works have for the concept of photography by drawing on Timothy Morton’s notion of hyperobjects. Being hyperobjective, radioactivity confronts human beings with a vast non-human temporality, which, in turn, necessitates a shift in our understanding of photography. While photo theory has often been modelled on snapshot photography, privileging instantaneity and pastness, autoradiography is a durational and pluri-temporal procedure that points emphatically towards the future and invites us to reconceptualize the basis of photographic ontology.
在福岛核电站灾难之后,放射自显影术成为一种越来越普遍的无相机摄影艺术技术。当代艺术家通过直接使用受污染的物体和材料来曝光摄影胶片,对轰炸、试验、核反应堆爆炸、采矿或铀处理池造成的原子污染的地缘政治和当地历史进行了自动放射记录。在我的文章中,我通过借鉴Timothy Morton的超物体概念,讨论了这些自放射摄影作品对摄影概念的影响。作为超客观的存在,放射性给人类带来了巨大的非人类的时间性,这反过来又要求我们改变对摄影的理解。虽然摄影理论经常以快照摄影为模型,强调瞬时性和过去性,但放射自照相术是一个持续和多时间的过程,强调未来,并邀请我们重新概念化摄影本体的基础。
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引用次数: 0
To scan a memory: On Anouk De Clercq’s LiDAR film Thing 扫描记忆:在阿努克·德·克莱克的激光雷达电影上
0 ART Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.1386/pop_00043_1
M. Beugnet
LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) is a remote sensing technology. It needs no ambient light, nor the guidance of the human eye to capture and reproduce a likeness of the world around us. Although LiDAR generates a constant stream of technical literature, LiDAR images, once envisaged for their aesthetic and expressive value, seem to call for alternative modes of analysis. How do we approach the fast-expanding archive of scanner images? How do we adequately describe the intriguing, spectral visualizations that its blind process of recording produces? Following a general introduction, I look at Anouk De Clerk’s film Thing (2013), a work entirely comprised of LiDAR images. De Clerk encourages us to envisage LiDAR counterintuitively, not as the product of technological novelty, but as part of an interdisciplinary history of the arts.
激光雷达是一种遥感技术。它不需要环境光,也不需要人眼的引导来捕捉和再现我们周围世界的相似性。尽管激光雷达产生了源源不断的技术文献,但激光雷达图像曾经因其美学和表达价值而被设想,似乎需要替代分析模式。我们如何处理快速扩展的扫描仪图像档案?我们如何充分描述其盲记录过程产生的有趣的光谱可视化?在大致介绍之后,我看了Anouk De Clerk的电影《Thing》(2013),这部作品完全由激光雷达图像组成。De Clerk鼓励我们反直觉地设想激光雷达,不是作为技术创新的产物,而是作为跨学科艺术史的一部分。
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引用次数: 0
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Philosophy of Photography
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