Pub Date : 2023-06-23DOI: 10.61310/mndjstimsp.0910.23
Altea S. Labita, Rhoda A. Namoco
This study aimed to address the problem of the Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP) in determining the strategic locations of the fire stations in Cagayan de Oro City, Philippines to provide a fast and timely response using the facility location problem (FLP). This study compared two FLP models, namely minimum impedance and the maximal covering location problem (MCLP) to determine the optimal number and the respective best locations of the fire stations without relocation. In addition, a set of adopted performance criteria was employed to evaluate which model fitted the problem. In the integration of the Q-coverage requirement, results identified the backup fire stations of each barangay (village) if the primary fire station is unavailable or responding to other demands. The results revealed that MCLP performed better than the minimum impedance across the average travel distances of 1.19, 3.43, and 4.44 km for Q values 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Moreover, MCLP outperformed each of the three criteria for all of the Q values. Thus, the MCLP provided an efficient application for deciding on the locations of fire stations to minimize the travel distance between demand, primary and backup fire stations, thereby fulfilling its mandate of protecting communities from destructive fires and other emergencies.
{"title":"Location Analysis of Fire Stations in Cagayan de Oro City using Minimum Impedance (P-Median Problem) and Maximal Covering Location Problem (MCLP) with Q-Coverage Requirement Approaches","authors":"Altea S. Labita, Rhoda A. Namoco","doi":"10.61310/mndjstimsp.0910.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61310/mndjstimsp.0910.23","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to address the problem of the Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP) in determining the strategic locations of the fire stations in Cagayan de Oro City, Philippines to provide a fast and timely response using the facility location problem (FLP). This study compared two FLP models, namely minimum impedance and the maximal covering location problem (MCLP) to determine the optimal number and the respective best locations of the fire stations without relocation. In addition, a set of adopted performance criteria was employed to evaluate which model fitted the problem. In the integration of the Q-coverage requirement, results identified the backup fire stations of each barangay (village) if the primary fire station is unavailable or responding to other demands. The results revealed that MCLP performed better than the minimum impedance across the average travel distances of 1.19, 3.43, and 4.44 km for Q values 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Moreover, MCLP outperformed each of the three criteria for all of the Q values. Thus, the MCLP provided an efficient application for deciding on the locations of fire stations to minimize the travel distance between demand, primary and backup fire stations, thereby fulfilling its mandate of protecting communities from destructive fires and other emergencies.","PeriodicalId":40697,"journal":{"name":"Mindanao Journal of Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44506059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-23DOI: 10.61310/mndjstiect.0969.23
Dianne Mae M. Asiñero, A. Magomnang, L. L. Pabilona
The Philippines is an agricultural country with massive agricultural waste. The Biofuels Law (Republic Act 9367) aims to minimize the dependence on fossil fuels and encouraged the use of bio-based fuel sources as an alternative fuel in rural areas where farming is the only source of income, and energy is scarce. Biogas is a renewable energy carrier consisting of methane and carbon dioxide mixture. Because of its improved mixing ability with air, clean-burning nature and high-octane number that resists knocking, biogas is an excellent alternative source of energy for internal combustion engines. The single-cylinder two-stroke spark-ignition (43 cm3) was designed to be fed with a variety of fuel in order to assess engine performance parameters such as brake power, brake speed, brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and thermal efficiency at different throttling positions (low- and high-load throttle). This study evaluated the engine performance of biogas (cow, swine and cow-swine manure), liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and gasoline with two-stroke engine oil (2T) in a dynamometer without modifying the compression ratio. To optimize its use as a fuel for power generation, biogas was purified using hydrogen sulfide adsorption and carbon dioxide absorption. The results showed that biogas fuel from swine manure generated the highest electrical power load of 761 W with a methane concentration of 51% and a BSFC of 1.4 kg/kW-h. The LPG achieved the highest engine speed at 14,700 rpm with 549 W. In conclusion, the purified biogas fuel can be used in a small-scale internal combustion engine.
{"title":"Performance of Various Fuels: Gasoline, Liquefied Petroleum Gas and Biogas from Agricultural Biomass Waste in a Two-Stroke Internal Combustion Engine","authors":"Dianne Mae M. Asiñero, A. Magomnang, L. L. Pabilona","doi":"10.61310/mndjstiect.0969.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61310/mndjstiect.0969.23","url":null,"abstract":"The Philippines is an agricultural country with massive agricultural waste. The Biofuels Law (Republic Act 9367) aims to minimize the dependence on fossil fuels and encouraged the use of bio-based fuel sources as an alternative fuel in rural areas where farming is the only source of income, and energy is scarce. Biogas is a renewable energy carrier consisting of methane and carbon dioxide mixture. Because of its improved mixing ability with air, clean-burning nature and high-octane number that resists knocking, biogas is an excellent alternative source of energy for internal combustion engines. The single-cylinder two-stroke spark-ignition (43 cm3) was designed to be fed with a variety of fuel in order to assess engine performance parameters such as brake power, brake speed, brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and thermal efficiency at different throttling positions (low- and high-load throttle). This study evaluated the engine performance of biogas (cow, swine and cow-swine manure), liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and gasoline with two-stroke engine oil (2T) in a dynamometer without modifying the compression ratio. To optimize its use as a fuel for power generation, biogas was purified using hydrogen sulfide adsorption and carbon dioxide absorption. The results showed that biogas fuel from swine manure generated the highest electrical power load of 761 W with a methane concentration of 51% and a BSFC of 1.4 kg/kW-h. The LPG achieved the highest engine speed at 14,700 rpm with 549 W. In conclusion, the purified biogas fuel can be used in a small-scale internal combustion engine.","PeriodicalId":40697,"journal":{"name":"Mindanao Journal of Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48748974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-22DOI: 10.61310/mndjstea.0990.22
Jose Romeo M. Lagon, Reynaldo G. Abad, E. Bayogan, Cyrose Suzie C. Silvosa-Millado
Pak choi (Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis), locally called pechay, is a nutritious and sought-after vegetable among Asian consumers as its edible petioles and green leaves are suitable in various recipes. The use of composts and organic amendments is integral to organic agriculture which is promoted in Davao City, Philippines. However, there are no published local studies in the city on the effect of recently formulated composts on crops. Thus, this study explored how these compost amendments affect the growth and yield of potted Black Behi pechay under screenhouse conditions using a completely randomized design. Results revealed that germination was higher in seeds sown in pure potting mix (90 to 94 %) and vermicompost-amended potting mixes (94 to 100 %) than with Dr. Bo’s Biofertilizer (DBB) (75 to 92%). Mean plant height (18.42 cm), leaf length (10.31 cm) and leaf width (5.89 cm) were highest in plants grown in potting mixes amended with 20% Tacunan vermicompost (Tacunan). Furthermore, there were pest and disease incidences in plants under all treatments but the least incidence was observed in plants grown in DBB. Total fresh weight (14.71 g), dry weight (0.76 g) and marketable fresh weight (12.19 g) obtained were exhibited by plants grown in 20% Tacunan. Total biomass, however, was highest in the urea-amended potting mix (15.42%). Results revealed that the application of composts positively influenced the growth and development of Black Behi pechay with 20% Tacunan as the recommended amendment.
{"title":"Growth and Yield of Screenhouse-grown potted Pechay (Brassica rapa L. ssp. chinensis cv. Black Behi) in selected Davao-produced Composts","authors":"Jose Romeo M. Lagon, Reynaldo G. Abad, E. Bayogan, Cyrose Suzie C. Silvosa-Millado","doi":"10.61310/mndjstea.0990.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61310/mndjstea.0990.22","url":null,"abstract":"Pak choi (Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis), locally called pechay, is a nutritious and sought-after vegetable among Asian consumers as its edible petioles and green leaves are suitable in various recipes. The use of composts and organic amendments is integral to organic agriculture which is promoted in Davao City, Philippines. However, there are no published local studies in the city on the effect of recently formulated composts on crops. Thus, this study explored how these compost amendments affect the growth and yield of potted Black Behi pechay under screenhouse conditions using a completely randomized design. Results revealed that germination was higher in seeds sown in pure potting mix (90 to 94 %) and vermicompost-amended potting mixes (94 to 100 %) than with Dr. Bo’s Biofertilizer (DBB) (75 to 92%). Mean plant height (18.42 cm), leaf length (10.31 cm) and leaf width (5.89 cm) were highest in plants grown in potting mixes amended with 20% Tacunan vermicompost (Tacunan). Furthermore, there were pest and disease incidences in plants under all treatments but the least incidence was observed in plants grown in DBB. Total fresh weight (14.71 g), dry weight (0.76 g) and marketable fresh weight (12.19 g) obtained were exhibited by plants grown in 20% Tacunan. Total biomass, however, was highest in the urea-amended potting mix (15.42%). Results revealed that the application of composts positively influenced the growth and development of Black Behi pechay with 20% Tacunan as the recommended amendment.","PeriodicalId":40697,"journal":{"name":"Mindanao Journal of Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41622351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In pulping process, cooking time, ethanol concentration and temperature were reported to influence pulp yield, cellulose content and acid-insoluble lignin content. In this study, the effects of the three parameters on the optimum pulp yield, cellulose content and acid-insoluble lignin content were further examined with the Box-Behnken design. This optimization aimed to discover the optimal condition for a pulping process using straw and recycled paper with ethanol concentrations of 30, 45 and 60%. As paper material, the biomass was processed with an organosolv process using ethanol as the cooking liquid to benefit almost all constituent components to obtain pulp. A quadratic model was used to assess the obtained research data. The results showed that the optimal condition comprised a cooking time of 100 min, an ethanol concentration of 60% and a temperature of 90 °C. The condition resulted in 57.59% cellulose content, 91.46% pulp yield and 41.28% acid-insoluble lignin content.
{"title":"Parameter Optimization for Pulp from Rice Straw and used Paper with a Box-Behnken Design","authors":"Mirna Rahmah Lubis, Lia Mairiza, Aisyah Protonia Tanjung, Nadia Yunisa Fahmi","doi":"10.61310/mndjstecbe.1104.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61310/mndjstecbe.1104.22","url":null,"abstract":"In pulping process, cooking time, ethanol concentration and temperature were reported to influence pulp yield, cellulose content and acid-insoluble lignin content. In this study, the effects of the three parameters on the optimum pulp yield, cellulose content and acid-insoluble lignin content were further examined with the Box-Behnken design. This optimization aimed to discover the optimal condition for a pulping process using straw and recycled paper with ethanol concentrations of 30, 45 and 60%. As paper material, the biomass was processed with an organosolv process using ethanol as the cooking liquid to benefit almost all constituent components to obtain pulp. A quadratic model was used to assess the obtained research data. The results showed that the optimal condition comprised a cooking time of 100 min, an ethanol concentration of 60% and a temperature of 90 °C. The condition resulted in 57.59% cellulose content, 91.46% pulp yield and 41.28% acid-insoluble lignin content.","PeriodicalId":40697,"journal":{"name":"Mindanao Journal of Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43737349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-22DOI: 10.61310/mndjstecbe.1103.22
Aaron P. Lorilla, Jennifer P. Fronteras, Belfred Bryan G. Chavez, Rovi Gem E. Villame, Pedro A. Alviola IV
Anti-nutrient factors are secondary plant metabolites that can adversely affect the full utilization of nutrients in plant-based food products. However, the level of these antinutrients can be reduced by the application of various food processing methods. This study determined the effect of indigenous processing by the Obu Manuvu in Sitio Ladian, Marilog District, Davao City, Philippines on the anti-nutrient factors, proximate composition and mineral content of taro. The indigenous process involves soaking and boiling of taro, which is then stuffed in bamboo tubes to make ‘linutlut na gabi.’ The anti-nutrients analyzed in this study were tannin, cyanogenic glycoside and oxalate. Results showed a significant reduction amounting to 66.67, 98.08 and 91.74% for these anti-nutrients, respectively. The indigenous processing also showed a significant effect on the proximate composition of taro, specifically on the moisture (13.06% increase) and crude ash (2.45% increase) contents. For crude fat, crude fiber and crude protein contents, no significant changes were observed. For the mineral analyses, it was found that iron and manganese increased by 152.45 and 26.32%, respectively, after indigenous processing. Moreover, no significant changes were observed in the zinc and calcium contents of taro after indigenous processing. Hence, the processing method of the Obu Manuvu was effective in decreasing the anti-nutrient content, particularly tannin, cyanogenic glycoside and oxalate. This also improved the nutrient profile of taro as shown by the increase in iron and manganese. This study could be used for future dietary interventions to address issues of malnutrition and food safety.
抗营养因子是一种次生植物代谢产物，会对植物性食品中营养物质的充分利用产生不利影响。然而，这些抗营养素的水平可以通过应用各种食品加工方法来降低。本研究确定了菲律宾达沃市Marilog区Sitio Ladian的Obu Manuvu土著加工对芋头抗营养因子、接近成分和矿物质含量的影响。当地的工艺包括浸泡和煮沸芋头，然后将其放入竹筒中制成“linutlut na gabi”本研究分析的抗营养物质为单宁、氰苷和草酸盐。结果显示，这些抗营养素的含量分别显著降低了66.67%、98.08%和91.74%。本地加工对芋头的接近成分也有显著影响，特别是对水分（增加13.06%）和粗灰分（增加2.45%）含量。粗脂肪、粗纤维和粗蛋白质含量没有明显变化。矿物分析发现，经过当地加工，铁和锰分别增加了152.45%和26.32%。此外，本地加工后芋头的锌和钙含量没有显著变化。因此，奥布马努武的加工方法能有效地降低其抗营养成分，尤其是单宁、氰苷和草酸盐的含量。这也改善了芋头的营养状况，如铁和锰的增加所示。这项研究可用于未来的饮食干预，以解决营养不良和食品安全问题。
{"title":"Effect of Indigenous Processing by Obu Manuvu on the Anti-nutrient and Nutrient Factors of Taro (Colocasia esculenta)","authors":"Aaron P. Lorilla, Jennifer P. Fronteras, Belfred Bryan G. Chavez, Rovi Gem E. Villame, Pedro A. Alviola IV","doi":"10.61310/mndjstecbe.1103.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61310/mndjstecbe.1103.22","url":null,"abstract":"Anti-nutrient factors are secondary plant metabolites that can adversely affect the full utilization of nutrients in plant-based food products. However, the level of these antinutrients can be reduced by the application of various food processing methods. This study determined the effect of indigenous processing by the Obu Manuvu in Sitio Ladian, Marilog District, Davao City, Philippines on the anti-nutrient factors, proximate composition and mineral content of taro. The indigenous process involves soaking and boiling of taro, which is then stuffed in bamboo tubes to make ‘linutlut na gabi.’ The anti-nutrients analyzed in this study were tannin, cyanogenic glycoside and oxalate. Results showed a significant reduction amounting to 66.67, 98.08 and 91.74% for these anti-nutrients, respectively. The indigenous processing also showed a significant effect on the proximate composition of taro, specifically on the moisture (13.06% increase) and crude ash (2.45% increase) contents. For crude fat, crude fiber and crude protein contents, no significant changes were observed. For the mineral analyses, it was found that iron and manganese increased by 152.45 and 26.32%, respectively, after indigenous processing. Moreover, no significant changes were observed in the zinc and calcium contents of taro after indigenous processing. Hence, the processing method of the Obu Manuvu was effective in decreasing the anti-nutrient content, particularly tannin, cyanogenic glycoside and oxalate. This also improved the nutrient profile of taro as shown by the increase in iron and manganese. This study could be used for future dietary interventions to address issues of malnutrition and food safety.","PeriodicalId":40697,"journal":{"name":"Mindanao Journal of Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48431606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-22DOI: 10.61310/mndjstea.0992.22
D. Donayre, Jobelle S. Bruno, A. M. L. S. Latonio, Jessica Joyce L. Jimenez, Edwin C. Martin
Lowland ecotype Cyperus rotundus L. (LE-CYPRO) has tubers that can grow and survive under flooded conditions. However, information on the responses of its tubers to the combination of soil depth or shoot clipping with flooding is unavailable. Two experiments were conducted to determine the germination and regrowth of LE-CYPRO tubers in response to soil depth, shoot clipping and flooding depth interventions. Experiment 1 involved pre-sprouted (PS) and non-sprouted (NS) tubers subjected to three soil depths (0, 5 and 10 cm) and three flooding depths (0, 3 and 5 cm); Experiment 2 used PS tubers subjected to shoot clipping at periods of 10, 20 and 30 days after planting (DAP) under three water conditions (saturated, early flooding and late flooding). Irrespective of soil depths, PS and NS tubers had 100% germination and regrowth without flooding (0-cm flooding depth). When planted at the soil surface (0-cm soil depth) and flooded by 3- to 5-cm, only 50 and 40% of PS while 20% of NS tubers germinated. No germination was seen on tubers buried under 5- to 10-cm soil depths and flooded by 3- to 5-cm depths. Revived PS tubers buried and flooded for 100 days at 0-, 5- and 10-cm depths had 20 to 60% germinations at 3-cm flooding depth and 20 to 70% at 5-cm flooding depth; NS tubers had 40 to 50% germinations at 3-cm flooding depth and 40% at 5-cm flooding depth. Growth variables of the weed at shoot clipping periods of 10, 20 and 30 DAP were comparable to the control under saturated conditions. Growth variables were reduced by 68 to 97.3% and 21.7 to 100% when aided by early and late flooding, respectively. This information could be used in the formulation of effective and comprehensive weed management for LE-CYPRO.
{"title":"Regrowth of Lowland Ecotype Cyperus rotundus L. in Response to Soil Depth, Shoot Clipping and Flooding Depth Interventions","authors":"D. Donayre, Jobelle S. Bruno, A. M. L. S. Latonio, Jessica Joyce L. Jimenez, Edwin C. Martin","doi":"10.61310/mndjstea.0992.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61310/mndjstea.0992.22","url":null,"abstract":"Lowland ecotype Cyperus rotundus L. (LE-CYPRO) has tubers that can grow and survive under flooded conditions. However, information on the responses of its tubers to the combination of soil depth or shoot clipping with flooding is unavailable. Two experiments were conducted to determine the germination and regrowth of LE-CYPRO tubers in response to soil depth, shoot clipping and flooding depth interventions. Experiment 1 involved pre-sprouted (PS) and non-sprouted (NS) tubers subjected to three soil depths (0, 5 and 10 cm) and three flooding depths (0, 3 and 5 cm); Experiment 2 used PS tubers subjected to shoot clipping at periods of 10, 20 and 30 days after planting (DAP) under three water conditions (saturated, early flooding and late flooding). Irrespective of soil depths, PS and NS tubers had 100% germination and regrowth without flooding (0-cm flooding depth). When planted at the soil surface (0-cm soil depth) and flooded by 3- to 5-cm, only 50 and 40% of PS while 20% of NS tubers germinated. No germination was seen on tubers buried under 5- to 10-cm soil depths and flooded by 3- to 5-cm depths. Revived PS tubers buried and flooded for 100 days at 0-, 5- and 10-cm depths had 20 to 60% germinations at 3-cm flooding depth and 20 to 70% at 5-cm flooding depth; NS tubers had 40 to 50% germinations at 3-cm flooding depth and 40% at 5-cm flooding depth. Growth variables of the weed at shoot clipping periods of 10, 20 and 30 DAP were comparable to the control under saturated conditions. Growth variables were reduced by 68 to 97.3% and 21.7 to 100% when aided by early and late flooding, respectively. This information could be used in the formulation of effective and comprehensive weed management for LE-CYPRO.","PeriodicalId":40697,"journal":{"name":"Mindanao Journal of Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46892772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-22DOI: 10.61310/mndjstecbe.0989.22
Robert Keith A. Sienes, Mark Anthony O. Lucaser, E. Metillo
Asiatic hard clam (Meretrix meretrix) is abundant and artisanally harvested in Panguil Bay, Philippines. Information about its current status through stock assessment is vital to support management measures. In this study, estimation of the population parameters of the clam was done using FiSAT II software from May 2018 to April 2019. A total of 2,760 clams were collected and analyzed. The length-weight relationship showed negative allometric growth. The asymptotic length (L∞) and growth coefficient (K) of the von Bertalanffy growth formula for M. meretrix were estimated at 40.95 mm and 0.71 year-1, respectively. The estimated growth performance index (φ’) was 3.07. The predicted maximum life span (tmax) of the clam was 6.47 years. Recruitment occurred throughout the year except for April and was bimodal. Estimated total mortality (Z) was 3.18 year-1, fishing mortality (F) at 1.96 year-1, natural mortality (M) at 1.22 year-1, and exploitation level (E) was 0.62. High recorded fishing and exploitation rate can indicate that the M. meretrix stock in Panguil Bay experiences overexploitation that demands immediate sustainable management.
{"title":"Population Parameters of Asiatic Hard Clam, Meretrix meretrix (Bivalvia: Veneridae), in Panguil Bay, Philippines","authors":"Robert Keith A. Sienes, Mark Anthony O. Lucaser, E. Metillo","doi":"10.61310/mndjstecbe.0989.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61310/mndjstecbe.0989.22","url":null,"abstract":"Asiatic hard clam (Meretrix meretrix) is abundant and artisanally harvested in Panguil Bay, Philippines. Information about its current status through stock assessment is vital to support management measures. In this study, estimation of the population parameters of the clam was done using FiSAT II software from May 2018 to April 2019. A total of 2,760 clams were collected and analyzed. The length-weight relationship showed negative allometric growth. The asymptotic length (L∞) and growth coefficient (K) of the von Bertalanffy growth formula for M. meretrix were estimated at 40.95 mm and 0.71 year-1, respectively. The estimated growth performance index (φ’) was 3.07. The predicted maximum life span (tmax) of the clam was 6.47 years. Recruitment occurred throughout the year except for April and was bimodal. Estimated total mortality (Z) was 3.18 year-1, fishing mortality (F) at 1.96 year-1, natural mortality (M) at 1.22 year-1, and exploitation level (E) was 0.62. High recorded fishing and exploitation rate can indicate that the M. meretrix stock in Panguil Bay experiences overexploitation that demands immediate sustainable management.","PeriodicalId":40697,"journal":{"name":"Mindanao Journal of Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46548199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-22DOI: 10.61310/mndjstiect.0983.22
Dennis E. Ganas
Biogas digesters are used to produce methane gas from organic wastes such as vegetable wastes. They come in different sizes and designs depending on available space, costs, type of operations and other considerations. Fifteen types of vegetable wastes from Cagayan de Oro markets were anaerobically digested in a batch-type digester with cow manure as inoculum at ambient conditions for 40 days. Five 1-L plastic cylinders with different height-to-diameter ratios (0.77, 1.08, 1.58, 1.93 and 2.80) were used as digesters to determine the effect of digester height-to-diameter ratio on methane production using these vegetable wastes. Results revealed that the digester with the lowest height-to-diameter ratio produced the most methane (53.3%) after the retention time. In contrast, the digester with the highest height-to-diameter ratio yielded the least methane concentration (46.8%). This indicated that there was an inverse relationship between the ratio and the methane production of vegetable wastes mixed with cow manure. Although the results suggested a minor influence, the statistical analysis presented an insignificant influence of the height-to-diameter ratio on the biomethanation of vegetable wastes.
{"title":"Influence of Digester Height-to-Diameter Ratio on Biomethanation of Market Vegetable Wastes","authors":"Dennis E. Ganas","doi":"10.61310/mndjstiect.0983.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61310/mndjstiect.0983.22","url":null,"abstract":"Biogas digesters are used to produce methane gas from organic wastes such as vegetable wastes. They come in different sizes and designs depending on available space, costs, type of operations and other considerations. Fifteen types of vegetable wastes from Cagayan de Oro markets were anaerobically digested in a batch-type digester with cow manure as inoculum at ambient conditions for 40 days. Five 1-L plastic cylinders with different height-to-diameter ratios (0.77, 1.08, 1.58, 1.93 and 2.80) were used as digesters to determine the effect of digester height-to-diameter ratio on methane production using these vegetable wastes. Results revealed that the digester with the lowest height-to-diameter ratio produced the most methane (53.3%) after the retention time. In contrast, the digester with the highest height-to-diameter ratio yielded the least methane concentration (46.8%). This indicated that there was an inverse relationship between the ratio and the methane production of vegetable wastes mixed with cow manure. Although the results suggested a minor influence, the statistical analysis presented an insignificant influence of the height-to-diameter ratio on the biomethanation of vegetable wastes.","PeriodicalId":40697,"journal":{"name":"Mindanao Journal of Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46800191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-22DOI: 10.61310/mndjsteect.1060.22
E. O. Olutomilola, S. P. Ayodeji, M. K. Adeyeri, T. Fagbemi, P. Mogaji
Plantain postharvest losses are significant in Nigeria and efforts are focused on processing the crop into storable products to ensure its availability throughout the year. To obtain the desired flour quality and quantity, plantain must be dried for an hour at a temperature not exceeding 70 °C and then discharged without human intervention. There have been significant obstacles in plantain processing. Regular turning of plantain pulps during drying, and intimate contact between them and the hot-drying air should be ensured to retain plantain nutritional and esteem values in the flour produced. In this study, a rotary dryer was developed. The machine is capable of drying plantain within the aforementioned hour and temperature range and is suitable for use in a plantain flour processing plant. A preliminary test was conducted to assess the fabricated prototype’s functional performance and plantain particulates were able to move through the dryer. Upon varying the air-inlet aperture of the dryer from 0 to 125,680 mm2, the drying air velocity increased from 0 to 4.4 m/s. The airinlet aperture was proportional to air velocity/volume, particulate deflection within the dryer, particulate loss from the dryer and the time taken by the heater to reach the desired drying temperature. It became evident that drying air velocity/volume, deflection and particulate loss can all be influenced regardless of the blower’s speed, potentially affecting the dryer’s capacity and efficiency.
{"title":"Development and Preliminary Testing of Rotary Dryer for Plantain Flour Processing Plant","authors":"E. O. Olutomilola, S. P. Ayodeji, M. K. Adeyeri, T. Fagbemi, P. Mogaji","doi":"10.61310/mndjsteect.1060.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61310/mndjsteect.1060.22","url":null,"abstract":"Plantain postharvest losses are significant in Nigeria and efforts are focused on processing the crop into storable products to ensure its availability throughout the year. To obtain the desired flour quality and quantity, plantain must be dried for an hour at a temperature not exceeding 70 °C and then discharged without human intervention. There have been significant obstacles in plantain processing. Regular turning of plantain pulps during drying, and intimate contact between them and the hot-drying air should be ensured to retain plantain nutritional and esteem values in the flour produced. In this study, a rotary dryer was developed. The machine is capable of drying plantain within the aforementioned hour and temperature range and is suitable for use in a plantain flour processing plant. A preliminary test was conducted to assess the fabricated prototype’s functional performance and plantain particulates were able to move through the dryer. Upon varying the air-inlet aperture of the dryer from 0 to 125,680 mm2, the drying air velocity increased from 0 to 4.4 m/s. The airinlet aperture was proportional to air velocity/volume, particulate deflection within the dryer, particulate loss from the dryer and the time taken by the heater to reach the desired drying temperature. It became evident that drying air velocity/volume, deflection and particulate loss can all be influenced regardless of the blower’s speed, potentially affecting the dryer’s capacity and efficiency.","PeriodicalId":40697,"journal":{"name":"Mindanao Journal of Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43721398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-22DOI: 10.61310/mndjstors.1016.22
K. O. A. Olana, Loinda R. Baldrias
orcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) is a viral disease that causes significant production and economic losses to swine raisers. To estimate the seroprevalence of PRRS in pigs from the backyard and small-hold farms in the province of Leyte, Philippines, a total of 384 pigs were sampled at random from 11 localities and their sera were tested for PRRS antibody using indirect enzyme-linked immunoassay. Univariable and multivariable regression analyses were performed to determine the factors associated with the S/P ratios. Results revealed that the true seroprevalence for PRRS in backyard pigs was 0.28% (0.0001 to 0.0155, 95% CI) and the true herd-level seroprevalence was 1.02% (0.0005 to 0.1588, 95% CI). Factors significantly associated with the S/P ratios were: Large White (breed) (adjusted β = 0.22, p = 0.0014), the presence of goats (adjusted β = -0.63, p < 0.0001) in farm vicinity, disposing wastes to bodies of water (adjusted β = 0.27, p < 0.0001) and separating sick animals (adjusted β = 0.34, p < 0.0001). The very low seroprevalence in the backyard and small-hold pig farms may indicate a low prevalence of PRRS in the province. Practices in backyard farms like disposing of pig wastes to water bodies and separating or moving sick animals were present and may promote the spread of the virus and pose higher risks when future disease outbreaks occur. It is recommended that the government impose proper waste management on backyard swine farms to prevent the spread of PRRS and other economically important swine diseases.
猪繁殖与呼吸综合征(PRRS)是一种病毒性疾病，对养猪户造成重大的生产和经济损失。为了估计菲律宾Leyte省后院和小型农场猪的PRRS血清患病率，从11个地点随机抽取384头猪，并使用间接酶联免疫分析法检测其血清中的PRRS抗体。进行单变量和多变量回归分析，以确定与S/P比率相关的因素。结果显示，院养猪PRRS的真实血清阳性率为0.28% (0.0001 ~ 0.0155,95% CI)，群体水平的真实血清阳性率为1.02% (0.0005 ~ 0.1588,95% CI)。与S/P比显著相关的因素有:大白羊(品种)(调整后的β = 0.22, P = 0.0014)、农场附近山羊的存在(调整后的β = -0.63, P < 0.0001)、向水体中处理废物(调整后的β = 0.27, P < 0.0001)和分离病畜(调整后的β = 0.34, P < 0.0001)。后院养猪场和小型养猪场的血清阳性率极低，可能表明该省PRRS的流行率较低。后院农场的做法，如将猪粪便处理到水体中以及分离或转移患病动物，可能会促进病毒的传播，并在未来发生疾病暴发时构成更高的风险。建议政府对后院养猪场实施适当的废物管理，以防止PRRS和其他经济上重要的猪疾病的传播。
{"title":"Very Low Seroprevalence of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome among Backyard Pigs in Leyte Province and Factors associated with S/P Ratios","authors":"K. O. A. Olana, Loinda R. Baldrias","doi":"10.61310/mndjstors.1016.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61310/mndjstors.1016.22","url":null,"abstract":"orcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) is a viral disease that causes significant production and economic losses to swine raisers. To estimate the seroprevalence of PRRS in pigs from the backyard and small-hold farms in the province of Leyte, Philippines, a total of 384 pigs were sampled at random from 11 localities and their sera were tested for PRRS antibody using indirect enzyme-linked immunoassay. Univariable and multivariable regression analyses were performed to determine the factors associated with the S/P ratios. Results revealed that the true seroprevalence for PRRS in backyard pigs was 0.28% (0.0001 to 0.0155, 95% CI) and the true herd-level seroprevalence was 1.02% (0.0005 to 0.1588, 95% CI). Factors significantly associated with the S/P ratios were: Large White (breed) (adjusted β = 0.22, p = 0.0014), the presence of goats (adjusted β = -0.63, p < 0.0001) in farm vicinity, disposing wastes to bodies of water (adjusted β = 0.27, p < 0.0001) and separating sick animals (adjusted β = 0.34, p < 0.0001). The very low seroprevalence in the backyard and small-hold pig farms may indicate a low prevalence of PRRS in the province. Practices in backyard farms like disposing of pig wastes to water bodies and separating or moving sick animals were present and may promote the spread of the virus and pose higher risks when future disease outbreaks occur. It is recommended that the government impose proper waste management on backyard swine farms to prevent the spread of PRRS and other economically important swine diseases.","PeriodicalId":40697,"journal":{"name":"Mindanao Journal of Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44715573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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