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Location Analysis of Fire Stations in Cagayan de Oro City using Minimum Impedance (P-Median Problem) and Maximal Covering Location Problem (MCLP) with Q-Coverage Requirement Approaches 基于最小阻抗(p -中值问题)和最大覆盖选址问题(MCLP)的卡加延德奥罗市消防站选址分析
IF 0.3 Q4 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-06-23 DOI: 10.61310/mndjstimsp.0910.23
Altea S. Labita, Rhoda A. Namoco
This study aimed to address the problem of the Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP) in determining the strategic locations of the fire stations in Cagayan de Oro City, Philippines to provide a fast and timely response using the facility location problem (FLP). This study compared two FLP models, namely minimum impedance and the maximal covering location problem (MCLP) to determine the optimal number and the respective best locations of the fire stations without relocation. In addition, a set of adopted performance criteria was employed to evaluate which model fitted the problem. In the integration of the Q-coverage requirement, results identified the backup fire stations of each barangay (village) if the primary fire station is unavailable or responding to other demands. The results revealed that MCLP performed better than the minimum impedance across the average travel distances of 1.19, 3.43, and 4.44 km for Q values 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Moreover, MCLP outperformed each of the three criteria for all of the Q values. Thus, the MCLP provided an efficient application for deciding on the locations of fire stations to minimize the travel distance between demand, primary and backup fire stations, thereby fulfilling its mandate of protecting communities from destructive fires and other emergencies.
本研究旨在解决消防局(BFP)确定菲律宾卡加延德奥罗市消防站战略位置的问题,以利用设施位置问题(FLP)提供快速及时的响应。本研究比较了两个FLP模型,即最小阻抗和最大覆盖位置问题(MCLP),以确定无需搬迁的消防站的最佳数量和各自的最佳位置。此外,还采用了一组采用的性能标准来评估哪种模型适合该问题。在Q覆盖要求的整合中,如果主消防站不可用或响应其他需求,结果确定了每个巴兰盖(村庄)的备用消防站。结果表明,对于Q值1、2和3,MCLP在1.19、3.43和4.44km的平均行进距离上的表现分别好于最小阻抗。此外,对于所有的Q值,MCLP都优于三个标准中的每一个。因此,MCLP为决定消防站的位置提供了一个有效的应用程序,以最大限度地缩短需求消防站、主消防站和备用消防站之间的行程,从而履行其保护社区免受破坏性火灾和其他紧急情况影响的任务。
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引用次数: 0
Performance of Various Fuels: Gasoline, Liquefied Petroleum Gas and Biogas from Agricultural Biomass Waste in a Two-Stroke Internal Combustion Engine 不同燃料的性能:汽油、液化石油气和来自农业生物质废弃物的沼气在二冲程内燃机中的性能
IF 0.3 Q4 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-06-23 DOI: 10.61310/mndjstiect.0969.23
Dianne Mae M. Asiñero, A. Magomnang, L. L. Pabilona
The Philippines is an agricultural country with massive agricultural waste. The Biofuels Law (Republic Act 9367) aims to minimize the dependence on fossil fuels and encouraged the use of bio-based fuel sources as an alternative fuel in rural areas where farming is the only source of income, and energy is scarce. Biogas is a renewable energy carrier consisting of methane and carbon dioxide mixture. Because of its improved mixing ability with air, clean-burning nature and high-octane number that resists knocking, biogas is an excellent alternative source of energy for internal combustion engines. The single-cylinder two-stroke spark-ignition (43 cm3) was designed to be fed with a variety of fuel in order to assess engine performance parameters such as brake power, brake speed, brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and thermal efficiency at different throttling positions (low- and high-load throttle). This study evaluated the engine performance of biogas (cow, swine and cow-swine manure), liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and gasoline with two-stroke engine oil (2T) in a dynamometer without modifying the compression ratio. To optimize its use as a fuel for power generation, biogas was purified using hydrogen sulfide adsorption and carbon dioxide absorption. The results showed that biogas fuel from swine manure generated the highest electrical power load of 761 W with a methane concentration of 51% and a BSFC of 1.4 kg/kW-h. The LPG achieved the highest engine speed at 14,700 rpm with 549 W. In conclusion, the purified biogas fuel can be used in a small-scale internal combustion engine.
菲律宾是一个农业国家,有大量的农业废弃物。《生物燃料法》(共和国法令9367)旨在最大限度地减少对化石燃料的依赖,并鼓励在农业是唯一收入来源且能源稀缺的农村地区使用生物基燃料作为替代燃料。沼气是一种由甲烷和二氧化碳混合而成的可再生能源载体。沼气具有与空气混合能力强、燃烧干净、抗爆震的高辛烷值等优点,是内燃机的优良替代能源。单缸二冲程火花点火发动机(43 cm3)被设计为使用多种燃料,以评估发动机在不同油门位置(低负荷和高负荷油门)下的性能参数,如制动功率、制动速度、制动特定油耗(BSFC)和热效率。本研究在不改变压缩比的情况下,在测功机上对沼气(牛、猪和牛-猪粪)、液化石油气(LPG)和汽油与二冲程发动机油(2T)的发动机性能进行了评估。为了优化其作为发电燃料的用途,利用硫化氢吸附和二氧化碳吸收对沼气进行了净化。结果表明,猪粪沼气燃料产生的电能负荷最高,为761 W,甲烷浓度为51%,BSFC为1.4 kg/kW-h。LPG发动机的最高转速为14700转/分,功率为549瓦。综上所述,纯化后的沼气燃料可用于小型内燃机。
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引用次数: 0
Growth and Yield of Screenhouse-grown potted Pechay (Brassica rapa L. ssp. chinensis cv. Black Behi) in selected Davao-produced Composts 棚栽盆栽芸苔的生长与产量。对简历。在选定的达沃生产的堆肥
IF 0.3 Q4 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2022-12-22 DOI: 10.61310/mndjstea.0990.22
Jose Romeo M. Lagon, Reynaldo G. Abad, E. Bayogan, Cyrose Suzie C. Silvosa-Millado
Pak choi (Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis), locally called pechay, is a nutritious and sought-after vegetable among Asian consumers as its edible petioles and green leaves are suitable in various recipes. The use of composts and organic amendments is integral to organic agriculture which is promoted in Davao City, Philippines. However, there are no published local studies in the city on the effect of recently formulated composts on crops. Thus, this study explored how these compost amendments affect the growth and yield of potted Black Behi pechay under screenhouse conditions using a completely randomized design. Results revealed that germination was higher in seeds sown in pure potting mix (90 to 94 %) and vermicompost-amended potting mixes (94 to 100 %) than with Dr. Bo’s Biofertilizer (DBB) (75 to 92%). Mean plant height (18.42 cm), leaf length (10.31 cm) and leaf width (5.89 cm) were highest in plants grown in potting mixes amended with 20% Tacunan vermicompost (Tacunan). Furthermore, there were pest and disease incidences in plants under all treatments but the least incidence was observed in plants grown in DBB. Total fresh weight (14.71 g), dry weight (0.76 g) and marketable fresh weight (12.19 g) obtained were exhibited by plants grown in 20% Tacunan. Total biomass, however, was highest in the urea-amended potting mix (15.42%). Results revealed that the application of composts positively influenced the growth and development of Black Behi pechay with 20% Tacunan as the recommended amendment.
白菜(芸苔属)山核桃(chinensis),在当地被称为山核桃(pechay),是一种营养丰富、广受亚洲消费者欢迎的蔬菜,因为它的叶柄和绿叶可食用,适合各种食谱。堆肥和有机改良剂的使用是菲律宾达沃市推广的有机农业的组成部分。然而,在该市没有发表关于最近配制的堆肥对作物影响的当地研究。因此,本研究采用完全随机设计,探讨了这些堆肥改良剂对幕棚条件下盆栽黑贝贝生长和产量的影响。结果表明,在纯盆栽混合料(90% ~ 94%)和蚯蚓堆肥改良的盆栽混合料(94% ~ 100%)中播种的种子发芽率高于用博博士的生物肥料(DBB)播种的种子(75% ~ 92%)。在添加20%塔库南蚯蚓堆肥(塔库南)的盆栽混合物中,植株的平均株高(18.42 cm)、叶长(10.31 cm)和叶宽(5.89 cm)最高。此外,各处理均有病虫害的发生,但DBB的病虫害发生率最低。总鲜重(14.71 g)、干重(0.76 g)和可售鲜重(12.19 g)均在20%的塔库南种植。总生物量以尿素改良的盆栽组合最高(15.42%)。结果表明,堆肥的施用对黑贝贝的生长发育有积极的影响,建议添加20%的塔库南。
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引用次数: 0
Parameter Optimization for Pulp from Rice Straw and used Paper with a Box-Behnken Design 用Box-Behnken设计优化稻秆纸浆和废纸纸浆的工艺参数
IF 0.3 Q4 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2022-12-22 DOI: 10.61310/mndjstecbe.1104.22
Mirna Rahmah Lubis, Lia Mairiza, Aisyah Protonia Tanjung, Nadia Yunisa Fahmi
In pulping process, cooking time, ethanol concentration and temperature were reported to influence pulp yield, cellulose content and acid-insoluble lignin content. In this study, the effects of the three parameters on the optimum pulp yield, cellulose content and acid-insoluble lignin content were further examined with the Box-Behnken design. This optimization aimed to discover the optimal condition for a pulping process using straw and recycled paper with ethanol concentrations of 30, 45 and 60%. As paper material, the biomass was processed with an organosolv process using ethanol as the cooking liquid to benefit almost all constituent components to obtain pulp. A quadratic model was used to assess the obtained research data. The results showed that the optimal condition comprised a cooking time of 100 min, an ethanol concentration of 60% and a temperature of 90 °C. The condition resulted in 57.59% cellulose content, 91.46% pulp yield and 41.28% acid-insoluble lignin content.
在制浆过程中,蒸煮时间、乙醇浓度和温度会影响纸浆产量、纤维素含量和酸不溶性木质素含量。在本研究中,用Box-Behnken设计进一步考察了三个参数对最佳纸浆产量、纤维素含量和酸不溶性木质素含量的影响。该优化旨在发现使用乙醇浓度为30%、45%和60%的秸秆和再生纸进行制浆工艺的最佳条件。作为纸张材料,使用乙醇作为烹饪液,用有机溶剂法对生物质进行处理,以使几乎所有的组成成分都受益,从而获得纸浆。使用二次模型来评估所获得的研究数据。结果表明,最佳工艺条件为:蒸煮时间100 min,乙醇浓度60%,温度90°C。在此条件下,纤维素含量为57.59%,纸浆得率为91.46%,酸不溶性木质素含量为41.28%。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of Indigenous Processing by Obu Manuvu on the Anti-nutrient and Nutrient Factors of Taro (Colocasia esculenta) Obu Manuvu土产加工对芋头抗营养及营养因子的影响
IF 0.3 Q4 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2022-12-22 DOI: 10.61310/mndjstecbe.1103.22
Aaron P. Lorilla, Jennifer P. Fronteras, Belfred Bryan G. Chavez, Rovi Gem E. Villame, Pedro A. Alviola IV
Anti-nutrient factors are secondary plant metabolites that can adversely affect the full utilization of nutrients in plant-based food products. However, the level of these antinutrients can be reduced by the application of various food processing methods. This study determined the effect of indigenous processing by the Obu Manuvu in Sitio Ladian, Marilog District, Davao City, Philippines on the anti-nutrient factors, proximate composition and mineral content of taro. The indigenous process involves soaking and boiling of taro, which is then stuffed in bamboo tubes to make ‘linutlut na gabi.’ The anti-nutrients analyzed in this study were tannin, cyanogenic glycoside and oxalate. Results showed a significant reduction amounting to 66.67, 98.08 and 91.74% for these anti-nutrients, respectively. The indigenous processing also showed a significant effect on the proximate composition of taro, specifically on the moisture (13.06% increase) and crude ash (2.45% increase) contents. For crude fat, crude fiber and crude protein contents, no significant changes were observed. For the mineral analyses, it was found that iron and manganese increased by 152.45 and 26.32%, respectively, after indigenous processing. Moreover, no significant changes were observed in the zinc and calcium contents of taro after indigenous processing. Hence, the processing method of the Obu Manuvu was effective in decreasing the anti-nutrient content, particularly tannin, cyanogenic glycoside and oxalate. This also improved the nutrient profile of taro as shown by the increase in iron and manganese. This study could be used for future dietary interventions to address issues of malnutrition and food safety.
抗营养因子是一种次生植物代谢产物,会对植物性食品中营养物质的充分利用产生不利影响。然而,这些抗营养素的水平可以通过应用各种食品加工方法来降低。本研究确定了菲律宾达沃市Marilog区Sitio Ladian的Obu Manuvu土著加工对芋头抗营养因子、接近成分和矿物质含量的影响。当地的工艺包括浸泡和煮沸芋头,然后将其放入竹筒中制成“linutlut na gabi”本研究分析的抗营养物质为单宁、氰苷和草酸盐。结果显示,这些抗营养素的含量分别显著降低了66.67%、98.08%和91.74%。本地加工对芋头的接近成分也有显著影响,特别是对水分(增加13.06%)和粗灰分(增加2.45%)含量。粗脂肪、粗纤维和粗蛋白质含量没有明显变化。矿物分析发现,经过当地加工,铁和锰分别增加了152.45%和26.32%。此外,本地加工后芋头的锌和钙含量没有显著变化。因此,奥布马努武的加工方法能有效地降低其抗营养成分,尤其是单宁、氰苷和草酸盐的含量。这也改善了芋头的营养状况,如铁和锰的增加所示。这项研究可用于未来的饮食干预,以解决营养不良和食品安全问题。
{"title":"Effect of Indigenous Processing by Obu Manuvu on the Anti-nutrient and Nutrient Factors of Taro (Colocasia esculenta)","authors":"Aaron P. Lorilla, Jennifer P. Fronteras, Belfred Bryan G. Chavez, Rovi Gem E. Villame, Pedro A. Alviola IV","doi":"10.61310/mndjstecbe.1103.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61310/mndjstecbe.1103.22","url":null,"abstract":"Anti-nutrient factors are secondary plant metabolites that can adversely affect the full utilization of nutrients in plant-based food products. However, the level of these antinutrients can be reduced by the application of various food processing methods. This study determined the effect of indigenous processing by the Obu Manuvu in Sitio Ladian, Marilog District, Davao City, Philippines on the anti-nutrient factors, proximate composition and mineral content of taro. The indigenous process involves soaking and boiling of taro, which is then stuffed in bamboo tubes to make ‘linutlut na gabi.’ The anti-nutrients analyzed in this study were tannin, cyanogenic glycoside and oxalate. Results showed a significant reduction amounting to 66.67, 98.08 and 91.74% for these anti-nutrients, respectively. The indigenous processing also showed a significant effect on the proximate composition of taro, specifically on the moisture (13.06% increase) and crude ash (2.45% increase) contents. For crude fat, crude fiber and crude protein contents, no significant changes were observed. For the mineral analyses, it was found that iron and manganese increased by 152.45 and 26.32%, respectively, after indigenous processing. Moreover, no significant changes were observed in the zinc and calcium contents of taro after indigenous processing. Hence, the processing method of the Obu Manuvu was effective in decreasing the anti-nutrient content, particularly tannin, cyanogenic glycoside and oxalate. This also improved the nutrient profile of taro as shown by the increase in iron and manganese. This study could be used for future dietary interventions to address issues of malnutrition and food safety.","PeriodicalId":40697,"journal":{"name":"Mindanao Journal of Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48431606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Regrowth of Lowland Ecotype Cyperus rotundus L. in Response to Soil Depth, Shoot Clipping and Flooding Depth Interventions 低地生态型圆草再生对土壤深度、剪枝和淹水深度的响应
IF 0.3 Q4 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2022-12-22 DOI: 10.61310/mndjstea.0992.22
D. Donayre, Jobelle S. Bruno, A. M. L. S. Latonio, Jessica Joyce L. Jimenez, Edwin C. Martin
Lowland ecotype Cyperus rotundus L. (LE-CYPRO) has tubers that can grow and survive under flooded conditions. However, information on the responses of its tubers to the combination of soil depth or shoot clipping with flooding is unavailable. Two experiments were conducted to determine the germination and regrowth of LE-CYPRO tubers in response to soil depth, shoot clipping and flooding depth interventions. Experiment 1 involved pre-sprouted (PS) and non-sprouted (NS) tubers subjected to three soil depths (0, 5 and 10 cm) and three flooding depths (0, 3 and 5 cm); Experiment 2 used PS tubers subjected to shoot clipping at periods of 10, 20 and 30 days after planting (DAP) under three water conditions (saturated, early flooding and late flooding). Irrespective of soil depths, PS and NS tubers had 100% germination and regrowth without flooding (0-cm flooding depth). When planted at the soil surface (0-cm soil depth) and flooded by 3- to 5-cm, only 50 and 40% of PS while 20% of NS tubers germinated. No germination was seen on tubers buried under 5- to 10-cm soil depths and flooded by 3- to 5-cm depths. Revived PS tubers buried and flooded for 100 days at 0-, 5- and 10-cm depths had 20 to 60% germinations at 3-cm flooding depth and 20 to 70% at 5-cm flooding depth; NS tubers had 40 to 50% germinations at 3-cm flooding depth and 40% at 5-cm flooding depth. Growth variables of the weed at shoot clipping periods of 10, 20 and 30 DAP were comparable to the control under saturated conditions. Growth variables were reduced by 68 to 97.3% and 21.7 to 100% when aided by early and late flooding, respectively. This information could be used in the formulation of effective and comprehensive weed management for LE-CYPRO.
低地生态型圆柏(LE-CYPRO)的块茎可以在淹水条件下生长和存活。然而,关于其块茎对土壤深度或枝条修剪与洪水结合的反应的信息尚不可用。进行了两个实验来确定LE-CYPRO块茎的发芽和再生对土壤深度、枝条修剪和洪水深度干预的响应。实验1涉及预发芽(PS)和未发芽(NS)的块茎,它们受到三个土壤深度(0、5和10cm)和三个淹水深度(0,3和5cm)的影响;实验2使用在三种水条件(饱和、早期淹水和后期淹水)下,在种植后10、20和30天(DAP)对PS块茎进行修剪。无论土壤深度如何,PS和NS块茎在没有淹水(0厘米淹水深度)的情况下都能100%发芽和再生。当种植在土壤表面(0厘米土壤深度)并淹没3到5厘米时,只有50%和40%的PS和20%的NS块茎发芽。埋在5至10厘米土壤深处并被淹没3至5厘米深处的块茎没有发芽。在0、5和10厘米深度埋置和淹水100天的再生PS块茎在3厘米淹水深度有20%至60%的发芽率,在5厘米淹水深度则有20%至70%的发芽率;NS块茎在3厘米淹水深度有40%至50%的发芽率,在5厘米淹水深度发芽率为40%。在10、20和30DAP的剪梢期,杂草的生长变量与饱和条件下的对照相当。在早期和晚期洪水的帮助下,增长变量分别减少了68%至97.3%和21.7%至100%。这些信息可用于制定LE-CYPRO的有效和全面的杂草管理。
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引用次数: 0
Population Parameters of Asiatic Hard Clam, Meretrix meretrix (Bivalvia: Veneridae), in Panguil Bay, Philippines 菲律宾班吉湾亚洲硬蛤文蛤(双壳目:文蛤科)的种群参数
IF 0.3 Q4 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2022-12-22 DOI: 10.61310/mndjstecbe.0989.22
Robert Keith A. Sienes, Mark Anthony O. Lucaser, E. Metillo
Asiatic hard clam (Meretrix meretrix) is abundant and artisanally harvested in Panguil Bay, Philippines. Information about its current status through stock assessment is vital to support management measures. In this study, estimation of the population parameters of the clam was done using FiSAT II software from May 2018 to April 2019. A total of 2,760 clams were collected and analyzed. The length-weight relationship showed negative allometric growth. The asymptotic length (L∞) and growth coefficient (K) of the von Bertalanffy growth formula for M. meretrix were estimated at 40.95 mm and 0.71 year-1, respectively. The estimated growth performance index (φ’) was 3.07. The predicted maximum life span (tmax) of the clam was 6.47 years. Recruitment occurred throughout the year except for April and was bimodal. Estimated total mortality (Z) was 3.18 year-1, fishing mortality (F) at 1.96 year-1, natural mortality (M) at 1.22 year-1, and exploitation level (E) was 0.62. High recorded fishing and exploitation rate can indicate that the M. meretrix stock in Panguil Bay experiences overexploitation that demands immediate sustainable management.
亚洲硬蛤(Meretrix Meretrix)数量丰富,在菲律宾班吉湾手工捕捞。通过库存评估了解其现状对于支持管理措施至关重要。在这项研究中,2018年5月至2019年4月,使用FiSAT II软件对蛤蜊的种群参数进行了估计。共收集并分析了2760只蛤蜊。长重关系呈负异速生长。文蛤生长公式的渐近长度(L∞)和生长系数(K)分别估计为40.95 mm和0.71 year-1。估计的增长绩效指数(φ’)为3.07。预测的最大寿命(tmax)为6.47年。除4月份外,全年都有招聘,而且是双峰式的。估计总死亡率(Z)为3.18年-1,捕捞死亡率(F)为1.96年-1,自然死亡率(M)为1.22年-1,开采水平(E)为0.62。记录在案的高捕捞率和开采率表明,班吉湾的文蛤种群经历了过度开发,需要立即进行可持续管理。
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引用次数: 0
Influence of Digester Height-to-Diameter Ratio on Biomethanation of Market Vegetable Wastes 沼气池高径比对菜渣生物甲烷化的影响
IF 0.3 Q4 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2022-12-22 DOI: 10.61310/mndjstiect.0983.22
Dennis E. Ganas
Biogas digesters are used to produce methane gas from organic wastes such as vegetable wastes. They come in different sizes and designs depending on available space, costs, type of operations and other considerations. Fifteen types of vegetable wastes from Cagayan de Oro markets were anaerobically digested in a batch-type digester with cow manure as inoculum at ambient conditions for 40 days. Five 1-L plastic cylinders with different height-to-diameter ratios (0.77, 1.08, 1.58, 1.93 and 2.80) were used as digesters to determine the effect of digester height-to-diameter ratio on methane production using these vegetable wastes. Results revealed that the digester with the lowest height-to-diameter ratio produced the most methane (53.3%) after the retention time. In contrast, the digester with the highest height-to-diameter ratio yielded the least methane concentration (46.8%). This indicated that there was an inverse relationship between the ratio and the methane production of vegetable wastes mixed with cow manure. Although the results suggested a minor influence, the statistical analysis presented an insignificant influence of the height-to-diameter ratio on the biomethanation of vegetable wastes.
沼气池用于从蔬菜废料等有机废物中产生甲烷气体。根据可用空间、成本、操作类型和其他考虑因素,它们有不同的尺寸和设计。对来自卡加扬德奥罗市场的15种蔬菜废弃物,以牛粪为接种物,在环境条件下,在间歇式消化池中厌氧消化40天。采用5个不同高径比(0.77、1.08、1.58、1.93和2.80)的1-L塑料筒作为沼气池,考察沼气池高径比对利用这些蔬菜废弃物产甲烷的影响。结果表明,停留时间后,高径比最低的沼气池产甲烷量最多(53.3%)。相比之下,高径比最高的沼气池甲烷浓度最低(46.8%)。这表明,蔬菜废弃物与牛粪混合后的甲烷产量与比例呈反比关系。虽然结果表明影响较小,但统计分析表明,高径比对蔬菜废弃物生物甲烷化的影响不显著。
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引用次数: 0
Development and Preliminary Testing of Rotary Dryer for Plantain Flour Processing Plant 车前草面粉加工厂旋转干燥机的研制与初步试验
IF 0.3 Q4 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2022-12-22 DOI: 10.61310/mndjsteect.1060.22
E. O. Olutomilola, S. P. Ayodeji, M. K. Adeyeri, T. Fagbemi, P. Mogaji
Plantain postharvest losses are significant in Nigeria and efforts are focused on processing the crop into storable products to ensure its availability throughout the year. To obtain the desired flour quality and quantity, plantain must be dried for an hour at a temperature not exceeding 70 °C and then discharged without human intervention. There have been significant obstacles in plantain processing. Regular turning of plantain pulps during drying, and intimate contact between them and the hot-drying air should be ensured to retain plantain nutritional and esteem values in the flour produced. In this study, a rotary dryer was developed. The machine is capable of drying plantain within the aforementioned hour and temperature range and is suitable for use in a plantain flour processing plant. A preliminary test was conducted to assess the fabricated prototype’s functional performance and plantain particulates were able to move through the dryer. Upon varying the air-inlet aperture of the dryer from 0 to 125,680 mm2, the drying air velocity increased from 0 to 4.4 m/s. The airinlet aperture was proportional to air velocity/volume, particulate deflection within the dryer, particulate loss from the dryer and the time taken by the heater to reach the desired drying temperature. It became evident that drying air velocity/volume, deflection and particulate loss can all be influenced regardless of the blower’s speed, potentially affecting the dryer’s capacity and efficiency.
在尼日利亚,大蕉收获后的损失很大,目前的工作重点是将大蕉加工成可储存的产品,以确保全年都有大蕉供应。为了获得所需的面粉质量和数量,大蕉必须在不超过70°C的温度下干燥一小时,然后在没有人为干预的情况下排出。大蕉加工过程中存在着重大障碍。在干燥过程中,应保证车前草纸浆的定期转动,并保证其与热干空气的密切接触,以保证所生产的面粉中车前草的营养和价值。本文研制了一种旋转干燥机。该机能够在上述时间和温度范围内干燥大蕉,适合在大蕉粉加工厂使用。进行了初步测试,以评估制造的原型的功能性能,车前草颗粒能够通过干燥器。当干燥机的进风孔径从0增加到125,680 mm2时,干燥风速从0增加到4.4 m/s。进气孔径与空气速度/体积、干燥机内颗粒偏转、干燥机颗粒损失以及加热器达到所需干燥温度所需的时间成正比。很明显,无论鼓风机的速度如何,干燥空气的速度/体积、偏转和颗粒损失都会受到影响,这可能会影响干燥机的容量和效率。
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引用次数: 0
Very Low Seroprevalence of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome among Backyard Pigs in Leyte Province and Factors associated with S/P Ratios 莱特省家养猪繁殖与呼吸综合征血清极低患病率及其与S/P比相关的因素
IF 0.3 Q4 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2022-12-22 DOI: 10.61310/mndjstors.1016.22
K. O. A. Olana, Loinda R. Baldrias
orcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) is a viral disease that causes significant production and economic losses to swine raisers. To estimate the seroprevalence of PRRS in pigs from the backyard and small-hold farms in the province of Leyte, Philippines, a total of 384 pigs were sampled at random from 11 localities and their sera were tested for PRRS antibody using indirect enzyme-linked immunoassay. Univariable and multivariable regression analyses were performed to determine the factors associated with the S/P ratios. Results revealed that the true seroprevalence for PRRS in backyard pigs was 0.28% (0.0001 to 0.0155, 95% CI) and the true herd-level seroprevalence was 1.02% (0.0005 to 0.1588, 95% CI). Factors significantly associated with the S/P ratios were: Large White (breed) (adjusted β = 0.22, p = 0.0014), the presence of goats (adjusted β = -0.63, p < 0.0001) in farm vicinity, disposing wastes to bodies of water (adjusted β = 0.27, p < 0.0001) and separating sick animals (adjusted β = 0.34, p < 0.0001). The very low seroprevalence in the backyard and small-hold pig farms may indicate a low prevalence of PRRS in the province. Practices in backyard farms like disposing of pig wastes to water bodies and separating or moving sick animals were present and may promote the spread of the virus and pose higher risks when future disease outbreaks occur. It is recommended that the government impose proper waste management on backyard swine farms to prevent the spread of PRRS and other economically important swine diseases.
猪繁殖与呼吸综合征(PRRS)是一种病毒性疾病,对养猪户造成重大的生产和经济损失。为了估计菲律宾Leyte省后院和小型农场猪的PRRS血清患病率,从11个地点随机抽取384头猪,并使用间接酶联免疫分析法检测其血清中的PRRS抗体。进行单变量和多变量回归分析,以确定与S/P比率相关的因素。结果显示,院养猪PRRS的真实血清阳性率为0.28% (0.0001 ~ 0.0155,95% CI),群体水平的真实血清阳性率为1.02% (0.0005 ~ 0.1588,95% CI)。与S/P比显著相关的因素有:大白羊(品种)(调整后的β = 0.22, P = 0.0014)、农场附近山羊的存在(调整后的β = -0.63, P < 0.0001)、向水体中处理废物(调整后的β = 0.27, P < 0.0001)和分离病畜(调整后的β = 0.34, P < 0.0001)。后院养猪场和小型养猪场的血清阳性率极低,可能表明该省PRRS的流行率较低。后院农场的做法,如将猪粪便处理到水体中以及分离或转移患病动物,可能会促进病毒的传播,并在未来发生疾病暴发时构成更高的风险。建议政府对后院养猪场实施适当的废物管理,以防止PRRS和其他经济上重要的猪疾病的传播。
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Mindanao Journal of Science and Technology
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