Pub Date : 2023-06-23DOI: 10.61310/mndjstecbe.1144.23
R. Chiarawipa, Pornthep Teerawattanapong, Pin Chanjula
Rubber plantation, especially in the immature phase, is usually infested by various local weed species in the inter-row spaces of the rubber trees. This study aimed to evaluate the distribution of weed species and the growth and yield of forage crops for weed control and management in an immature rubber plantation. The field study was conducted with four treatments of forage crops. The first treatment was a control plot in which local weeds were growing naturally without forage crops. The plot was compared with the other three immature plots wherein native tropical carpet grass (Axonopus compressus), native whip grass (Hemarthria compressa) and high productive yield ruzi grass (Brachiaria ruziziensis) were planted, respectively, in the inter-row of the rubber trees. The study period was split into four seasons: S0 – January to June 2016; S1 – July to September 2016; S2 – October to December 2016; and S3 – January to March 2017. Results showed that three families of narrow-leaf and nine families of broad-leaf weeds were found in the study area. A large number of common weed families were observed more in the S3 than those in other seasons. Moreover, all forage crops were effective in suppressing weeds, with ruzi grass demonstrating the highest level of competitiveness and yield among the native forage crops reaching 1.50 Mg ha-1 in the S3. Therefore, implementing an indirect weed control approach using forage crops in rubber plantations could serve as a sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative to chemical herbicides.
{"title":"Utilization of Forage Crops as an Effective and Eco-friendly Method for Weed Growth Control and Distribution in an Immature Rubber Plantation","authors":"R. Chiarawipa, Pornthep Teerawattanapong, Pin Chanjula","doi":"10.61310/mndjstecbe.1144.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61310/mndjstecbe.1144.23","url":null,"abstract":"Rubber plantation, especially in the immature phase, is usually infested by various local weed species in the inter-row spaces of the rubber trees. This study aimed to evaluate the distribution of weed species and the growth and yield of forage crops for weed control and management in an immature rubber plantation. The field study was conducted with four treatments of forage crops. The first treatment was a control plot in which local weeds were growing naturally without forage crops. The plot was compared with the other three immature plots wherein native tropical carpet grass (Axonopus compressus), native whip grass (Hemarthria compressa) and high productive yield ruzi grass (Brachiaria ruziziensis) were planted, respectively, in the inter-row of the rubber trees. The study period was split into four seasons: S0 – January to June 2016; S1 – July to September 2016; S2 – October to December 2016; and S3 – January to March 2017. Results showed that three families of narrow-leaf and nine families of broad-leaf weeds were found in the study area. A large number of common weed families were observed more in the S3 than those in other seasons. Moreover, all forage crops were effective in suppressing weeds, with ruzi grass demonstrating the highest level of competitiveness and yield among the native forage crops reaching 1.50 Mg ha-1 in the S3. Therefore, implementing an indirect weed control approach using forage crops in rubber plantations could serve as a sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative to chemical herbicides.","PeriodicalId":40697,"journal":{"name":"Mindanao Journal of Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42614484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-23DOI: 10.61310/mndjstecbe.1049.23
Jayson Caranza, Margaret M. Calderon, Rico C. Ancog, Myrna G. Carandang, C. Rebancos
Changes in land cover mainly brought by humans could alter how landscapes function, which has an impact on the variety and health of the local biota. This study examined the fragmentation shifts of the Capisaan Cave System surface landscape by looking at changes in land use and land cover using Landsat images, ArcGIS and Google Earth imageries to generate classified land covers for the years 2001, 2005, 2010, 2016 and 2019. Fragmentation was analyzed through FRAGSTATS with forest; shrubland and orchard (SO); and agriculture and clearing (AC) as class types. Results showed that the most significant change in the landscape was in the year 2010 with AC significantly increasing its area and aggregation causing other class types to exhibit more fragmentation. Forest and SO covers displayed huge losses indicated by decreased class area and average size of patches accompanied by a more subdivided landscape shown by their increased number of patches. Although forest and SO slightly recovered in the class area in 2016, values were far from recovering to 2001 values. FRAGSTATS data suggest lowering biodiversity values and paying importance to reserve size in the maintenance of species diversity. The edge effect as a result of class and landscape fragmentation in forest vegetation might have been reduced at the landscape level as indicated by the reduced fractal dimension, as well as sustaining patch cohesion and increased clumpiness. However, abatement of edge effect could be easily limited and reversed if the reduction of the total area of forest available in the landscape continues.
{"title":"Fragmentation Analysis of Capisaan Surface Karst Landscape through Changes in Land Use and Land Cover using FRAGSTATS","authors":"Jayson Caranza, Margaret M. Calderon, Rico C. Ancog, Myrna G. Carandang, C. Rebancos","doi":"10.61310/mndjstecbe.1049.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61310/mndjstecbe.1049.23","url":null,"abstract":"Changes in land cover mainly brought by humans could alter how landscapes function, which has an impact on the variety and health of the local biota. This study examined the fragmentation shifts of the Capisaan Cave System surface landscape by looking at changes in land use and land cover using Landsat images, ArcGIS and Google Earth imageries to generate classified land covers for the years 2001, 2005, 2010, 2016 and 2019. Fragmentation was analyzed through FRAGSTATS with forest; shrubland and orchard (SO); and agriculture and clearing (AC) as class types. Results showed that the most significant change in the landscape was in the year 2010 with AC significantly increasing its area and aggregation causing other class types to exhibit more fragmentation. Forest and SO covers displayed huge losses indicated by decreased class area and average size of patches accompanied by a more subdivided landscape shown by their increased number of patches. Although forest and SO slightly recovered in the class area in 2016, values were far from recovering to 2001 values. FRAGSTATS data suggest lowering biodiversity values and paying importance to reserve size in the maintenance of species diversity. The edge effect as a result of class and landscape fragmentation in forest vegetation might have been reduced at the landscape level as indicated by the reduced fractal dimension, as well as sustaining patch cohesion and increased clumpiness. However, abatement of edge effect could be easily limited and reversed if the reduction of the total area of forest available in the landscape continues.","PeriodicalId":40697,"journal":{"name":"Mindanao Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41345393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-23DOI: 10.61310/mndjstea.1015.23
K. F. S. Sampiano, Lira May A. Sibongga, Fernan Rhean A. Ramos, Larry V. Aceres
The spiralling whitefly, Aleurodicus dispersus (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), is one of the most notorious insect pests among tropical fruits and vegetables. A common pest management technique is the application of chemical insecticides. However, this has led to environmental degradation, natural enemy reduction, development of pesticide resistance and increased cost of production. This study, therefore, evaluated the efficacy of a sustainable and eco-friendly management strategy against the spiralling whitefly infesting guava (Psidium guajava L). The experiment was carried out with seven treatments replicated five times following the randomized complete block design. The treatments were negative control (T1), 0.8% soybean oil (T2), 1.6% liquid dishwashing (T3), 1.6% neem oil (T4), 0.4% soybean oil + 0.8% liquid dishwashing (T5), 0.8% neem oil + 0.8% liquid dishwashing (T6) and chemical control (Thiamethoxam 25 WG at 2g/L-1) (T7). Results showed that 1.6% liquid dishwashing was superior among treatments against the 1st, 2nd and 3rd nymphal instars with an average mortality of 84.28, 85.22 and 81.81%, respectively. Application of 0.8% soybean oil showed the highest efficacy against the eggs, 4th instar and adult population with an average mortality of 75.50, 81.36 and 93.50%, respectively. Application of these treatments showed no adverse effects on the natural enemies’ complex associated with guava. Integration of other eco-friendly pest management strategies against the invasive spiralling whitefly is recommended for future research.
{"title":"Sustainable Management for Spiralling Whitefly, Aleurodicus dispersus Russell (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) Infesting Guava and Its Effects on the Natural Enemies’ Complex","authors":"K. F. S. Sampiano, Lira May A. Sibongga, Fernan Rhean A. Ramos, Larry V. Aceres","doi":"10.61310/mndjstea.1015.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61310/mndjstea.1015.23","url":null,"abstract":"The spiralling whitefly, Aleurodicus dispersus (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), is one of the most notorious insect pests among tropical fruits and vegetables. A common pest management technique is the application of chemical insecticides. However, this has led to environmental degradation, natural enemy reduction, development of pesticide resistance and increased cost of production. This study, therefore, evaluated the efficacy of a sustainable and eco-friendly management strategy against the spiralling whitefly infesting guava (Psidium guajava L). The experiment was carried out with seven treatments replicated five times following the randomized complete block design. The treatments were negative control (T1), 0.8% soybean oil (T2), 1.6% liquid dishwashing (T3), 1.6% neem oil (T4), 0.4% soybean oil + 0.8% liquid dishwashing (T5), 0.8% neem oil + 0.8% liquid dishwashing (T6) and chemical control (Thiamethoxam 25 WG at 2g/L-1) (T7). Results showed that 1.6% liquid dishwashing was superior among treatments against the 1st, 2nd and 3rd nymphal instars with an average mortality of 84.28, 85.22 and 81.81%, respectively. Application of 0.8% soybean oil showed the highest efficacy against the eggs, 4th instar and adult population with an average mortality of 75.50, 81.36 and 93.50%, respectively. Application of these treatments showed no adverse effects on the natural enemies’ complex associated with guava. Integration of other eco-friendly pest management strategies against the invasive spiralling whitefly is recommended for future research.","PeriodicalId":40697,"journal":{"name":"Mindanao Journal of Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41868956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-23DOI: 10.61310/mndjstia.0903.23
Janes M. Ohagan, Leonie Love A. Harnaiz, Cyril John C. Nagal, R. Taylaran, Apolinario B. Gonzaga, Jr.
‘Saba’ (Musa acuminata x balbisiana) is the second most grown banana in the Philippines. With the banana’s increasing demand and wider market both locally and abroad, growers need to advance and sustain farm efficiency. Among the various factors in production, plant nutrition is one of the key components for higher productivity. Hence, a field study was conducted in Claveria, Misamis Oriental, Philippines to evaluate the effects of NPK fertilizer on the banana’s productivity under the Jasaan Soil Series – a major soil dominating Claveria. In addition to T1 (no NPK), there were four varying levels of NPK fertilizer applied as treatments, namely T2 (N90-P30-K120), T3 (N135-P60-K180), T4 (N180-P120-K360) and T5 (N270-P180-K540). The results showed that T3 produced a significant difference in base girth in the 11th month and one-third girth in the 7th month, while T5 recorded the most number of suckers in the 12th, 13th and 14th months from planting. The highest level of NPK (T5) influenced the total bunch weight with 28.87 kg and yield (10.98 t/ha), while T3 obtained a significant difference in the diameter of the finger (16.04 cm). T1 showed the highest return on investment (2.03%); however, the highest level of NPK prevailed with the highest yield among all the other treatments on the main crop. Related studies are suggested to verify the sustainability of NPK fertilizer on the succeeding ratoons.
“Saba”（Musa acuminata x balbisiana）是菲律宾种植量第二大的香蕉。随着香蕉需求的增加和国内外市场的扩大，种植者需要提高和维持农场效率。在生产的各种因素中，植物营养是提高生产力的关键组成部分之一。因此，在菲律宾Misamis Oriental的Claveria进行了一项实地研究，以评估NPK肥料对Jasaan土壤系列下香蕉生产力的影响，Jasaan是Claveria的主要土壤。除T1（无NPK）外，还有四种不同水平的NPK肥料作为处理，即T2（N90-P30-K120）、T3（N135-P60-K180）、T4（N180-P120-K360）和T5（N270-P180-K540）。结果表明，T3在第11个月的基围和第7个月的三分之一围产生了显著差异，而T5在种植后的第12、13和14个月记录了最多的吸盘数量。最高水平的NPK（T5）对总丛重和产量（10.98t/ha）产生了28.87kg的影响，而T3对手指直径（16.04cm）产生了显著差异。T1的投资回报率最高（2.03%）；然而，在主要作物的所有其他处理中，NPK水平最高，产量最高。建议进行相关研究，以验证NPK肥料对后续再生的可持续性。
{"title":"Productivity of ‘Saba’ Banana (Musa acuminata x balbisiana) as influenced by Different Levels of NPK Fertilizer under Jasaan Soil Series","authors":"Janes M. Ohagan, Leonie Love A. Harnaiz, Cyril John C. Nagal, R. Taylaran, Apolinario B. Gonzaga, Jr.","doi":"10.61310/mndjstia.0903.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61310/mndjstia.0903.23","url":null,"abstract":"‘Saba’ (Musa acuminata x balbisiana) is the second most grown banana in the Philippines. With the banana’s increasing demand and wider market both locally and abroad, growers need to advance and sustain farm efficiency. Among the various factors in production, plant nutrition is one of the key components for higher productivity. Hence, a field study was conducted in Claveria, Misamis Oriental, Philippines to evaluate the effects of NPK fertilizer on the banana’s productivity under the Jasaan Soil Series – a major soil dominating Claveria. In addition to T1 (no NPK), there were four varying levels of NPK fertilizer applied as treatments, namely T2 (N90-P30-K120), T3 (N135-P60-K180), T4 (N180-P120-K360) and T5 (N270-P180-K540). The results showed that T3 produced a significant difference in base girth in the 11th month and one-third girth in the 7th month, while T5 recorded the most number of suckers in the 12th, 13th and 14th months from planting. The highest level of NPK (T5) influenced the total bunch weight with 28.87 kg and yield (10.98 t/ha), while T3 obtained a significant difference in the diameter of the finger (16.04 cm). T1 showed the highest return on investment (2.03%); however, the highest level of NPK prevailed with the highest yield among all the other treatments on the main crop. Related studies are suggested to verify the sustainability of NPK fertilizer on the succeeding ratoons.","PeriodicalId":40697,"journal":{"name":"Mindanao Journal of Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47135191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-23DOI: 10.61310/mndjstemsp.0931.23
Angelo E. Marasigan
This study proposed a three-parameter model called the gamma inverse paralogistic (GiPL) distribution model. The probability density and cumulative distribution functions were presented together with the quantile function. Properties such as measures of reliability, the kth raw moment and moment-generating function, partial moments, order statistics, log-likelihood functions for maximum likelihood estimations, Renyi entropy and the ordering of random variables were provided. To test the performance of the parameters, a simulation study was conducted. The simulation result was assessed using the mean, bias and root mean square errors. Finally, the data set on the number of COVID-19-infected individuals per age was used to apply the model and compared with various recently developed distribution models. Results showed the superiority of the GiPL distribution model over these models.
{"title":"A New Extension of the Inverse Paralogistic Distribution using Gamma Generator with Application","authors":"Angelo E. Marasigan","doi":"10.61310/mndjstemsp.0931.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61310/mndjstemsp.0931.23","url":null,"abstract":"This study proposed a three-parameter model called the gamma inverse paralogistic (GiPL) distribution model. The probability density and cumulative distribution functions were presented together with the quantile function. Properties such as measures of reliability, the kth raw moment and moment-generating function, partial moments, order statistics, log-likelihood functions for maximum likelihood estimations, Renyi entropy and the ordering of random variables were provided. To test the performance of the parameters, a simulation study was conducted. The simulation result was assessed using the mean, bias and root mean square errors. Finally, the data set on the number of COVID-19-infected individuals per age was used to apply the model and compared with various recently developed distribution models. Results showed the superiority of the GiPL distribution model over these models.","PeriodicalId":40697,"journal":{"name":"Mindanao Journal of Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47602378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-23DOI: 10.61310/mndjsteect.1170.23
Fernando E. Quiroz, Jr., Chona B. Sabinay, Jeneffer A. Sabonsolin
In the Philippines, language modeling is challenging since most of its languages are low-resourced. Tagalog and Cebuano are the only languages present in machine translation platforms like Google Translate; Winaray, a language spoken in the Eastern Visayas region, is inexistent. Hence, this study developed a Winaray language model that could be used in any natural language processing-related tasks. The text corpus used in creating the model was scrapped from the web (religious and local news websites, and Wikipedia) containing Winaray sentences. The model was trained using an encoder-decoder recurrent neural network with four sequential layers and 100 hidden neurons. The text prediction accuracy of the model reached 76.17%. The model was manually evaluated based on its text-generated sentences using linguistic quality dimensions such as grammaticality, non-redundancy, focus, structure and coherence. Results of manual evaluation showed a promising result as the linguistic quality reached 3.66 (acceptable); however, training data must be improved in terms of size with the addition of texts in various text genres.
{"title":"Building the Waray-waray Neural Language Model using Recurrent Neural Network","authors":"Fernando E. Quiroz, Jr., Chona B. Sabinay, Jeneffer A. Sabonsolin","doi":"10.61310/mndjsteect.1170.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61310/mndjsteect.1170.23","url":null,"abstract":"In the Philippines, language modeling is challenging since most of its languages are low-resourced. Tagalog and Cebuano are the only languages present in machine translation platforms like Google Translate; Winaray, a language spoken in the Eastern Visayas region, is inexistent. Hence, this study developed a Winaray language model that could be used in any natural language processing-related tasks. The text corpus used in creating the model was scrapped from the web (religious and local news websites, and Wikipedia) containing Winaray sentences. The model was trained using an encoder-decoder recurrent neural network with four sequential layers and 100 hidden neurons. The text prediction accuracy of the model reached 76.17%. The model was manually evaluated based on its text-generated sentences using linguistic quality dimensions such as grammaticality, non-redundancy, focus, structure and coherence. Results of manual evaluation showed a promising result as the linguistic quality reached 3.66 (acceptable); however, training data must be improved in terms of size with the addition of texts in various text genres.","PeriodicalId":40697,"journal":{"name":"Mindanao Journal of Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42585906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-23DOI: 10.61310/mndjstecbe.1221.23
A. Ancuelo, Rodney H. Perez
Bovine mastitis is an inflammatory response of the udder tissue in the mammary gland caused by microbial infections. Streptococcus spp. is among the most prevalent mastitis-inducing etiological agents. Thus, this study intended to isolate and evaluate the prevalence of Streptococci in dairy cattle infected with clinical mastitis in Region IV-A, Philippines. Edward Agar medium with 6% defibrinated sheep blood was employed as a selective medium. The bacterial isolates were phenotypically and genotypically characterized. Remarkably, out of 98 isolates, only 26.5% belonged to the genus Streptococcus despite the use of a Streptococci-specific medium. Five Streptococci species and 22 non-Streptococci species were identified. The most prevalent species were S. uberis (prevalence rate: 11.2%). The antimicrobial resistance profiling also revealed that S. agalactiae exhibited resistance to all antimicrobials used, while S. bovis showed hyper-resistance to five out of seven antibiotics. Surprisingly, most of the non-streptococcal isolates exhibited hyper-resistance to multiple antibiotics. For instance, Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates showed high resistance against all antimicrobials. Proteus and Providencia isolates exhibited resistance against six out of seven antibiotics. Strong hemolytic activity was also observed in Bacillus subtilis. The detection of diverse species of microorganisms causing mastitis is significant to the dairy industry as distinct pathogens may entail different risks and necessitate specific treatments, primarily in terms of the antimicrobials that will be utilized to cure the infection. Application of inappropriate antibiotics might unduly expose the udder microbial flora to antimicrobials, increasing the establishment of multidrug-resistant bacteria, which is a severe hazard to animal and human health.
{"title":"Prevalence of Streptococci spp. and Unexpected Non-Streptococci Strains Associated with Bovine Mastitis Infection in Dairy Cattle in Region IV-A, Philippines","authors":"A. Ancuelo, Rodney H. Perez","doi":"10.61310/mndjstecbe.1221.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61310/mndjstecbe.1221.23","url":null,"abstract":"Bovine mastitis is an inflammatory response of the udder tissue in the mammary gland caused by microbial infections. Streptococcus spp. is among the most prevalent mastitis-inducing etiological agents. Thus, this study intended to isolate and evaluate the prevalence of Streptococci in dairy cattle infected with clinical mastitis in Region IV-A, Philippines. Edward Agar medium with 6% defibrinated sheep blood was employed as a selective medium. The bacterial isolates were phenotypically and genotypically characterized. Remarkably, out of 98 isolates, only 26.5% belonged to the genus Streptococcus despite the use of a Streptococci-specific medium. Five Streptococci species and 22 non-Streptococci species were identified. The most prevalent species were S. uberis (prevalence rate: 11.2%). The antimicrobial resistance profiling also revealed that S. agalactiae exhibited resistance to all antimicrobials used, while S. bovis showed hyper-resistance to five out of seven antibiotics. Surprisingly, most of the non-streptococcal isolates exhibited hyper-resistance to multiple antibiotics. For instance, Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates showed high resistance against all antimicrobials. Proteus and Providencia isolates exhibited resistance against six out of seven antibiotics. Strong hemolytic activity was also observed in Bacillus subtilis. The detection of diverse species of microorganisms causing mastitis is significant to the dairy industry as distinct pathogens may entail different risks and necessitate specific treatments, primarily in terms of the antimicrobials that will be utilized to cure the infection. Application of inappropriate antibiotics might unduly expose the udder microbial flora to antimicrobials, increasing the establishment of multidrug-resistant bacteria, which is a severe hazard to animal and human health.","PeriodicalId":40697,"journal":{"name":"Mindanao Journal of Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42475058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-23DOI: 10.61310/mndjstecbe1213.23
Mitsui Chin Sen A. Yu, Jan Joseph V. Dida
Several studies have already proven the existence of unsustainable human activities or disturbances assumed to cause land cover change on the Mts. Palay-Palay Mataas-Na-Gulod Protected Landscape (MPPMNGPL)in the Philippines. However, there is a dearth of published works on how these disturbances affect the different land cover classes in this protected landscape. This study aimed to help fill such information gap by investigating the extent of land cover changes and potentially disturbed forest areas inside the MPPMNGPL. Using geographic information system and remote sensing, classified maps were produced from Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8 images through supervised classification. The study described the land cover types and land cover changes in the area from 2015 to 2021 and identified potentially disturbed forest areas using the normalized difference moisture index (NDMI). The land cover classes identified in the area included forest, grassland, built-up, barren land and water. From 2015 to 2021, the largest land cover change came from the 510.92 ha of forest area in Ternate that turned into a grassland area as reflected in the NDMI result – an indicator of potential forest disturbance. Change detection showed that from 2015 to 2021, the grassland area had an increase of +14.05%, while the forest area had a decrease of -13.8%. Results showed that forest is still the most dominant land cover class in the protected landscape. Further studies and ground validation must be conducted to determine the specific causes of the land cover changes.
几项研究已经证明，存在不可持续的人类活动或干扰，这些活动或干扰被认为会导致菲律宾Palay Palay Mataas Na Gulod山保护景观（MPPMNGPL）的土地覆盖变化。然而，关于这些扰动如何影响这片受保护景观中不同的土地覆盖类别，目前还缺乏已发表的著作。本研究旨在通过调查MPPMNGPL内土地覆盖变化的程度和潜在的受干扰森林区域来帮助填补这一信息空白。利用地理信息系统和遥感，通过监督分类，从哨兵2号和陆地卫星8号的图像中生成了分类地图。该研究描述了2015年至2021年该地区的土地覆盖类型和土地覆盖变化，并使用归一化差异水分指数（NDMI）确定了可能受到干扰的森林区域。该地区确定的土地覆盖类别包括森林、草原、建成区、荒地和水。从2015年到2021年，最大的土地覆盖变化来自特尔纳特510.92公顷的森林区域，该区域变成了草原区域，这反映在NDMI结果中——这是潜在森林干扰的指标。变化检测显示，从2015年到2021年，草地面积增加了+14.05%，而森林面积减少了-13.8%。结果表明，森林仍然是受保护景观中最主要的土地覆盖类别。必须进行进一步的研究和地面验证，以确定土地覆盖变化的具体原因。
{"title":"Land Cover Change Detection and Analysis of Mts. Palay-Palay Mataas-Na-Gulod Protected Landscape, Philippines using Satellite Imagery","authors":"Mitsui Chin Sen A. Yu, Jan Joseph V. Dida","doi":"10.61310/mndjstecbe1213.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61310/mndjstecbe1213.23","url":null,"abstract":"Several studies have already proven the existence of unsustainable human activities or disturbances assumed to cause land cover change on the Mts. Palay-Palay Mataas-Na-Gulod Protected Landscape (MPPMNGPL)in the Philippines. However, there is a dearth of published works on how these disturbances affect the different land cover classes in this protected landscape. This study aimed to help fill such information gap by investigating the extent of land cover changes and potentially disturbed forest areas inside the MPPMNGPL. Using geographic information system and remote sensing, classified maps were produced from Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8 images through supervised classification. The study described the land cover types and land cover changes in the area from 2015 to 2021 and identified potentially disturbed forest areas using the normalized difference moisture index (NDMI). The land cover classes identified in the area included forest, grassland, built-up, barren land and water. From 2015 to 2021, the largest land cover change came from the 510.92 ha of forest area in Ternate that turned into a grassland area as reflected in the NDMI result – an indicator of potential forest disturbance. Change detection showed that from 2015 to 2021, the grassland area had an increase of +14.05%, while the forest area had a decrease of -13.8%. Results showed that forest is still the most dominant land cover class in the protected landscape. Further studies and ground validation must be conducted to determine the specific causes of the land cover changes.","PeriodicalId":40697,"journal":{"name":"Mindanao Journal of Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45249357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-23DOI: 10.61310/mndjsteect.1146.23
S. H. Suradi, K. A. Abdullah, Nor A. Mat Isa
Microcalcifications (MCCs) are reliable early signs of breast cancer. However, the small size of calcifications and low radiation factors used in digital mammograms cause low and poor quality mammogram images in detecting MCCs. This paper presents an image enhancement technique called Fuzzy Anisotropic Diffusion Histogram Equalization Contrast Adaptive Limited (FADHECAL) to enhance the details of MCCs in mammogram images by reducing the image noise while conserving contrast and brightness. A total of 23 mammogram images with MCCs were retrieved from the Mammographic Image Analysis Society’s database. The enhancement performance of FADHECAL was compared with Recursive Mean-Separate Histogram Equalization, Histogram Equalization and Fuzzy Clipped Contrast-Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization. Image quality measurement tools of absolute mean brightness error (AMBE), structural similarity index measure (SSIM) and peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) were used. The results showed that FADHECAL had the most superior results among other enhancement techniques, with 6.302 of AMBE, 20.453 of PSNR and 0.851 of SSIM. The proposed FADHECAL exhibited a high accuracy of 91.30% for the detection of MCCs. Hence, FADHECAL can be used as an ideal tool for identifying MCCs in early-stage breast cancer.
{"title":"Enhancing Detection of Microcalcifications using FADHECAL for Early Stage Breast Cancer","authors":"S. H. Suradi, K. A. Abdullah, Nor A. Mat Isa","doi":"10.61310/mndjsteect.1146.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61310/mndjsteect.1146.23","url":null,"abstract":"Microcalcifications (MCCs) are reliable early signs of breast cancer. However, the small size of calcifications and low radiation factors used in digital mammograms cause low and poor quality mammogram images in detecting MCCs. This paper presents an image enhancement technique called Fuzzy Anisotropic Diffusion Histogram Equalization Contrast Adaptive Limited (FADHECAL) to enhance the details of MCCs in mammogram images by reducing the image noise while conserving contrast and brightness. A total of 23 mammogram images with MCCs were retrieved from the Mammographic Image Analysis Society’s database. The enhancement performance of FADHECAL was compared with Recursive Mean-Separate Histogram Equalization, Histogram Equalization and Fuzzy Clipped Contrast-Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization. Image quality measurement tools of absolute mean brightness error (AMBE), structural similarity index measure (SSIM) and peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) were used. The results showed that FADHECAL had the most superior results among other enhancement techniques, with 6.302 of AMBE, 20.453 of PSNR and 0.851 of SSIM. The proposed FADHECAL exhibited a high accuracy of 91.30% for the detection of MCCs. Hence, FADHECAL can be used as an ideal tool for identifying MCCs in early-stage breast cancer.","PeriodicalId":40697,"journal":{"name":"Mindanao Journal of Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47462971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-23DOI: 10.61310/mndjstiect.0987.23
Aniceto C. Neri Jr., Israel A. Baguhin, R. Cabahug
Rice husk ash (RHA) is a renewable agricultural by-product from rice milling that is abundantly available in rice-producing countries like the Philippines. It has the highest proportion of silica content among all plant residues. This study utilized RHA as a cement replacement with the addition of chemical admixture. An investigation of the influence of RHA and accelerating admixture on the compressive strength of concrete was conducted. A volumetric method concrete mix design was used with a 0.56 water-cement ratio. A 10% RHA partial cement replacement with chemical admixture variations of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0% was utilized. Cylindrical samples measuring 150 x 300 mm were tested for compressive strength at curing ages of 7, 14 and 28 days. The results of the study revealed that the optimum increase of compressive strength of 9.8% against the control concrete mix was achieved when a concrete mix of 10% RHA partial cement replacement was added with 1.5% of admixture. With a compression test result of 2,353 psi, the said mixture could be used for secondary applications such as flooring according to the American Concrete Institute M-15 code and for non-structural concrete such as concrete for sidewalks, borders and filling.
稻壳灰（RHA）是一种来自碾米的可再生农业副产品，在菲律宾等水稻生产国随处可见。在所有植物残留物中，它的二氧化硅含量比例最高。本研究利用RHA作为水泥的替代品，加入化学外加剂。研究了RHA和速凝剂对混凝土抗压强度的影响。采用体积法进行混凝土配合比设计，水灰比为0.56。使用化学掺合料变化为0.5%、1.0%、1.5%和2.0%的10%RHA部分水泥替代物。对尺寸为150 x 300 mm的圆柱形样品在固化7、14和28天时的抗压强度进行了测试。研究结果表明，当10%RHA部分水泥替代物的混凝土混合物加入1.5%的外加剂时，抗压强度相对于对照混凝土混合物的最佳提高率为9.8%。压缩试验结果为2353psi，所述混合物可用于二次应用，如根据美国混凝土协会M-15规范的地板，以及非结构混凝土，如人行道、边界和填充物的混凝土。
{"title":"An Investigation on the Compressive Strength of Concrete with Rice Husk Ash as Cement Replacement and Addition of Chemical Admixtures","authors":"Aniceto C. Neri Jr., Israel A. Baguhin, R. Cabahug","doi":"10.61310/mndjstiect.0987.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61310/mndjstiect.0987.23","url":null,"abstract":"Rice husk ash (RHA) is a renewable agricultural by-product from rice milling that is abundantly available in rice-producing countries like the Philippines. It has the highest proportion of silica content among all plant residues. This study utilized RHA as a cement replacement with the addition of chemical admixture. An investigation of the influence of RHA and accelerating admixture on the compressive strength of concrete was conducted. A volumetric method concrete mix design was used with a 0.56 water-cement ratio. A 10% RHA partial cement replacement with chemical admixture variations of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0% was utilized. Cylindrical samples measuring 150 x 300 mm were tested for compressive strength at curing ages of 7, 14 and 28 days. The results of the study revealed that the optimum increase of compressive strength of 9.8% against the control concrete mix was achieved when a concrete mix of 10% RHA partial cement replacement was added with 1.5% of admixture. With a compression test result of 2,353 psi, the said mixture could be used for secondary applications such as flooring according to the American Concrete Institute M-15 code and for non-structural concrete such as concrete for sidewalks, borders and filling.","PeriodicalId":40697,"journal":{"name":"Mindanao Journal of Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49367009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：