Pub Date : 2022-06-20DOI: 10.61310/mndjsteect.1095.22
Anton Louise P. de Ocampo, D. G. D. Ronquillo
Lighting systems for indoor crop production facilities face consistency, quality of lighting, and energy efficiency challenges. In this work, these challenges were addressed by developing a natural light collection system that allows sunlight to be concentrated and transmitted via optical conduits into the growing areas of an indoor crop production facility and supplementing it with artificial lighting. The daily light integral (DLI) estimator measures the natural light received while the supplemental lighting provides the additional photosynthetic photon flux to achieve the crop’s lighting requirements. Lux meter and spectrometer characterized the light sensors used to ensure accurate light measurements. The proposed system obtained a mean relative error of 1.78% between the DLI estimator and light instruments. In one testing activity, the system had collected 13.64 mol·m-2·d-1, while the artificial lighting supplemented 6.53 mol·m-2·d-1. The proposed system is vital in maintaining the DLI required by crops throughout the day.
{"title":"Hybrid Lighting System for Indoor Crop Production","authors":"Anton Louise P. de Ocampo, D. G. D. Ronquillo","doi":"10.61310/mndjsteect.1095.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61310/mndjsteect.1095.22","url":null,"abstract":"Lighting systems for indoor crop production facilities face consistency, quality of lighting, and energy efficiency challenges. In this work, these challenges were addressed by developing a natural light collection system that allows sunlight to be concentrated and transmitted via optical conduits into the growing areas of an indoor crop production facility and supplementing it with artificial lighting. The daily light integral (DLI) estimator measures the natural light received while the supplemental lighting provides the additional photosynthetic photon flux to achieve the crop’s lighting requirements. Lux meter and spectrometer characterized the light sensors used to ensure accurate light measurements. The proposed system obtained a mean relative error of 1.78% between the DLI estimator and light instruments. In one testing activity, the system had collected 13.64 mol·m-2·d-1, while the artificial lighting supplemented 6.53 mol·m-2·d-1. The proposed system is vital in maintaining the DLI required by crops throughout the day.","PeriodicalId":40697,"journal":{"name":"Mindanao Journal of Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46810594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-20DOI: 10.61310/mndjstea.0984.22
Jim Boy G. Asoy, Maita Aban-Gonzales
Plant by-products such as rice straw can be utilized to optimize ruminant feed resources and productivity. This study aimed to determine the intake and digestibility of the basal diet (Napier grass) and treated rice straw diet in goats. A total of 16 heads of male and female Philippine native goats were used in the study. Experimental animals were arranged in randomized complete block design with four treatments and four blocks – weight and sex were used as bases for blocking. The treatments were the following: Treatment 1 (T1): 60% Napier grass + 40% untreated rice straw (control); T2: 60% Napier grass + 40% urea-treated rice straw; T3: 60% Napier grass + 40% fish amino acid (FAA)-treated rice straw; and T4: 60% Napier grass + 40% fermented plant juice (FPJ)-treated rice straw. The gathered data were dry matter intake (DMI), DMI as percent body weight (% BW), total and percent dry matter digestibility (% DMD), rumen pH and weight gain. All data were analyzed using the analysis of variance for RCBD. Comparisons of treatment means were determined using the least significance difference test. The results showed that DMI and DMI as % BW were significantly (p < 0.05) affected by the treatments. Furthermore, total DMD and % DMD were significant (p < 0.05). FPJ treatment gave the highest DMI for rice straw. Moreover, goats fed with rice straw treated with urea, FPJ and FAA efficiently digested the diet compared with the control treatment.
{"title":"Dry Matter Intake and Digestibility of Napier and Treated Rice Straw Diet in Goats","authors":"Jim Boy G. Asoy, Maita Aban-Gonzales","doi":"10.61310/mndjstea.0984.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61310/mndjstea.0984.22","url":null,"abstract":"Plant by-products such as rice straw can be utilized to optimize ruminant feed resources and productivity. This study aimed to determine the intake and digestibility of the basal diet (Napier grass) and treated rice straw diet in goats. A total of 16 heads of male and female Philippine native goats were used in the study. Experimental animals were arranged in randomized complete block design with four treatments and four blocks – weight and sex were used as bases for blocking. The treatments were the following: Treatment 1 (T1): 60% Napier grass + 40% untreated rice straw (control); T2: 60% Napier grass + 40% urea-treated rice straw; T3: 60% Napier grass + 40% fish amino acid (FAA)-treated rice straw; and T4: 60% Napier grass + 40% fermented plant juice (FPJ)-treated rice straw. The gathered data were dry matter intake (DMI), DMI as percent body weight (% BW), total and percent dry matter digestibility (% DMD), rumen pH and weight gain. All data were analyzed using the analysis of variance for RCBD. Comparisons of treatment means were determined using the least significance difference test. The results showed that DMI and DMI as % BW were significantly (p < 0.05) affected by the treatments. Furthermore, total DMD and % DMD were significant (p < 0.05). FPJ treatment gave the highest DMI for rice straw. Moreover, goats fed with rice straw treated with urea, FPJ and FAA efficiently digested the diet compared with the control treatment.","PeriodicalId":40697,"journal":{"name":"Mindanao Journal of Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42282099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-20DOI: 10.61310/mndjstea.0954.22
Jessie R. Sabijon, V. Asio
The productivity of degraded soils greatly depends on a good understanding of their characteristics. Hence, the study was conducted to determine the morphological, physical and chemical characteristics of degraded soils in Sta. Rita, Samar, Philippines. Four representative soil profiles located in different physiographic positions were examined, characterized and sampled. The examination was conducted using a pit measuring approximately 1-m wide and 1-m depth. Soil samples were collected from each horizon, processed and subjected to field and laboratory analyses. Results showed that the soils were derived from sedimentary rocks (i.e., shale). Well-developed soils were found on the summit and foot slope position (horizon sequence: Ap-Bt-BC-C), while moderately developed soils were obtained in the middle slope position (horizon sequence: Ah-Bt-C). Soils had a clayey texture with moderate bulk density, porosity and water holding capacity. They were friable to firm when moist, but plastic and sticky when wet. The soils were highly acidic (soil pH close to 5.0). They had a moderate amount of organic matter, low total nitrogen (N) and low available phosphorus (P); all of which had decreased amounts with soil depth. Exchangeable bases (calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium) were high in most soil profiles. Thus, N and P fertilization and organic matter addition are highly recommended to increase the productivity of these degraded soils. Moreover, the soils were classified as Typic Hapludalfs or Haplic Luvisols because of their development degree. They were mature with the presence of an argillic horizon (B horizon with high clay accumulation) and high base saturation.
{"title":"Morphophysical and Nutrient Characteristics of Degraded Soils in Sta. Rita, Samar, Philippines","authors":"Jessie R. Sabijon, V. Asio","doi":"10.61310/mndjstea.0954.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61310/mndjstea.0954.22","url":null,"abstract":"The productivity of degraded soils greatly depends on a good understanding of their characteristics. Hence, the study was conducted to determine the morphological, physical and chemical characteristics of degraded soils in Sta. Rita, Samar, Philippines. Four representative soil profiles located in different physiographic positions were examined, characterized and sampled. The examination was conducted using a pit measuring approximately 1-m wide and 1-m depth. Soil samples were collected from each horizon, processed and subjected to field and laboratory analyses. Results showed that the soils were derived from sedimentary rocks (i.e., shale). Well-developed soils were found on the summit and foot slope position (horizon sequence: Ap-Bt-BC-C), while moderately developed soils were obtained in the middle slope position (horizon sequence: Ah-Bt-C). Soils had a clayey texture with moderate bulk density, porosity and water holding capacity. They were friable to firm when moist, but plastic and sticky when wet. The soils were highly acidic (soil pH close to 5.0). They had a moderate amount of organic matter, low total nitrogen (N) and low available phosphorus (P); all of which had decreased amounts with soil depth. Exchangeable bases (calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium) were high in most soil profiles. Thus, N and P fertilization and organic matter addition are highly recommended to increase the productivity of these degraded soils. Moreover, the soils were classified as Typic Hapludalfs or Haplic Luvisols because of their development degree. They were mature with the presence of an argillic horizon (B horizon with high clay accumulation) and high base saturation.","PeriodicalId":40697,"journal":{"name":"Mindanao Journal of Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43128426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-20DOI: 10.61310/mndjstiect.0968.22
Archemedes G. Wabe, Cresencio M. Montalbo, Jr.
Mass transit systems are planned to alleviate traffic congestion in Metro Manila but only a few were implemented. The Metro Manila Light Rail Transit Line-2 (LRT-2) line is among the few operational mass transit lines. However, it had witnessed multiple delays during the construction process because it plies through a highly urbanized area with challenging physical constraints. This study aimed to characterize and quantify the existing street network and land parcels around a mass transit station in terms of the street pattern, extensiveness of the road infrastructure, road network connectivity, urban blocks, land plots and its land use to explore how these factors affect the size of the 400-m, 5-min walk pedestrian shed. The available road centerline vector data was used as an approximate representation of the pedestrian walk pattern and existing shape and attribute data of land parcels. These data were processed using Quantum Geographic Information System and analyzed through the use of descriptive statistics and Pearson’s correlation matrix. The results suggested that even if not all the identified factors or parameters were exceptional, a station area can still achieve a large pedestrian shed as demonstrated by Cubao station area. Furthermore, land fragmentation that is dependent on the existing characteristic sizes of land uses emerged as one of the determining factors affecting the pedestrian sheds’ extent. Urban planners and decision-makers may use this present work to determine the considerations and parameters influencing the access around a mass transit station in terms of maximizing the catchment area for pedestrians.
{"title":"Factors affecting the Size of a Mass Transit Station’s Pedestrian Shed in Quezon City, Philippines","authors":"Archemedes G. Wabe, Cresencio M. Montalbo, Jr.","doi":"10.61310/mndjstiect.0968.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61310/mndjstiect.0968.22","url":null,"abstract":"Mass transit systems are planned to alleviate traffic congestion in Metro Manila but only a few were implemented. The Metro Manila Light Rail Transit Line-2 (LRT-2) line is among the few operational mass transit lines. However, it had witnessed multiple delays during the construction process because it plies through a highly urbanized area with challenging physical constraints. This study aimed to characterize and quantify the existing street network and land parcels around a mass transit station in terms of the street pattern, extensiveness of the road infrastructure, road network connectivity, urban blocks, land plots and its land use to explore how these factors affect the size of the 400-m, 5-min walk pedestrian shed. The available road centerline vector data was used as an approximate representation of the pedestrian walk pattern and existing shape and attribute data of land parcels. These data were processed using Quantum Geographic Information System and analyzed through the use of descriptive statistics and Pearson’s correlation matrix. The results suggested that even if not all the identified factors or parameters were exceptional, a station area can still achieve a large pedestrian shed as demonstrated by Cubao station area. Furthermore, land fragmentation that is dependent on the existing characteristic sizes of land uses emerged as one of the determining factors affecting the pedestrian sheds’ extent. Urban planners and decision-makers may use this present work to determine the considerations and parameters influencing the access around a mass transit station in terms of maximizing the catchment area for pedestrians.","PeriodicalId":40697,"journal":{"name":"Mindanao Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41330067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-20DOI: 10.61310/mndjstea.0961.22
M. Besharati, V. Palangi, Tugay Ayaşan, S. Abachi
One of the main categories of environmental challenges are process discards including apple pulp (AP). This by-product contains nutrients making it an ideal candidate as feed additive. In this study, the potential of AP as animal feed was examined. Alfalfa silage was supplemented with fresh AP and essential oil (EO) and the in vitro effects were tested on gas production (GP), dry matter (DM), organic matter and crude protein degradability. Ensiled for 90 days, the treatments were the following: T1) alfalfa silage alone (control), T2) EO processed alfalfa silage (AE), T3) 75% alfalfa + 25% AP silage (AA1), T4) 75% alfalfa + 25% AP EO processed silage (AA1E), T5) 50% alfalfa + 50% AP silage (AA2), T6) 50% alfalfa + 50% AP and EO processed silage (AA2E), T7) 25% alfalfa + 75% AP silage (AA3) and T8) 25% alfalfa + 75% AP and EO processed silage (AA3E). It was observed that the highest BP volume for 25% AP and EO (189.64 mL/g DM) supplemented silage and the lowest for 50% AP and EO (141.07 mL/g DM) supplemented silage after 72-h incubation. The results showed that the supplementation of silage with AP at 50 and 75% levels increased BP parameters (p < 0.01). Effective DM degradability increased by adding EO and AP at 75% level (p < 0.01). It can be concluded that AP can be used in the preparation of alfalfa silage and has the potential to affect ruminal fermentation efficiency.
{"title":"Improving Ruminant Fermentation Characteristics with Addition of Apple Pulp and Essential Oil to Silage","authors":"M. Besharati, V. Palangi, Tugay Ayaşan, S. Abachi","doi":"10.61310/mndjstea.0961.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61310/mndjstea.0961.22","url":null,"abstract":"One of the main categories of environmental challenges are process discards including apple pulp (AP). This by-product contains nutrients making it an ideal candidate as feed additive. In this study, the potential of AP as animal feed was examined. Alfalfa silage was supplemented with fresh AP and essential oil (EO) and the in vitro effects were tested on gas production (GP), dry matter (DM), organic matter and crude protein degradability. Ensiled for 90 days, the treatments were the following: T1) alfalfa silage alone (control), T2) EO processed alfalfa silage (AE), T3) 75% alfalfa + 25% AP silage (AA1), T4) 75% alfalfa + 25% AP EO processed silage (AA1E), T5) 50% alfalfa + 50% AP silage (AA2), T6) 50% alfalfa + 50% AP and EO processed silage (AA2E), T7) 25% alfalfa + 75% AP silage (AA3) and T8) 25% alfalfa + 75% AP and EO processed silage (AA3E). It was observed that the highest BP volume for 25% AP and EO (189.64 mL/g DM) supplemented silage and the lowest for 50% AP and EO (141.07 mL/g DM) supplemented silage after 72-h incubation. The results showed that the supplementation of silage with AP at 50 and 75% levels increased BP parameters (p < 0.01). Effective DM degradability increased by adding EO and AP at 75% level (p < 0.01). It can be concluded that AP can be used in the preparation of alfalfa silage and has the potential to affect ruminal fermentation efficiency.","PeriodicalId":40697,"journal":{"name":"Mindanao Journal of Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47091390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-20DOI: 10.61310/mndjsteect.1121.22
Mary Joanne C. Aniñon, Elizabeth Edan M. Albiento
Recently, there has been a great interest in applying artificial neural networks (ANNs) to predict the compressive strength of concrete in various compositions. This study aimed to predict the 28-day compressive strength of concrete delivered at the job site using ANN. The datasets used to construct, train and test the ANN model were obtained experimentally by the authors. Feature importance analysis was applied to evaluate the significance of input variables on the output variable. Feature selection was employed to eliminate the least relevant features based on the importance scores to improve the model prediction performance. The results demonstrated that the ANN model could predict the 28-day compressive strength of delivered concrete with high accuracy and robustness. It was also indicated that the ANN model with feature selection outperformed the ANN model without feature selection. The R values of the ANN model with feature selection were increased by 0.76 and 1.69% in training and testing sets, respectively, compared with the model without feature selection. Furthermore, it was found that the MSE values for training and testing sets were decreased by 0.8381 and 1.8882 MPa, respectively. This study revealed that the C/A ratio was the most influential feature of the compressive strength of delivered concrete followed by the FA/CA ratio, ER, W/C ratio, slump and temperature.
{"title":"Prediction of 28-day Compressive Strength of Concrete at the Job Site using Artificial Neural Network","authors":"Mary Joanne C. Aniñon, Elizabeth Edan M. Albiento","doi":"10.61310/mndjsteect.1121.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61310/mndjsteect.1121.22","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, there has been a great interest in applying artificial neural networks (ANNs) to predict the compressive strength of concrete in various compositions. This study aimed to predict the 28-day compressive strength of concrete delivered at the job site using ANN. The datasets used to construct, train and test the ANN model were obtained experimentally by the authors. Feature importance analysis was applied to evaluate the significance of input variables on the output variable. Feature selection was employed to eliminate the least relevant features based on the importance scores to improve the model prediction performance. The results demonstrated that the ANN model could predict the 28-day compressive strength of delivered concrete with high accuracy and robustness. It was also indicated that the ANN model with feature selection outperformed the ANN model without feature selection. The R values of the ANN model with feature selection were increased by 0.76 and 1.69% in training and testing sets, respectively, compared with the model without feature selection. Furthermore, it was found that the MSE values for training and testing sets were decreased by 0.8381 and 1.8882 MPa, respectively. This study revealed that the C/A ratio was the most influential feature of the compressive strength of delivered concrete followed by the FA/CA ratio, ER, W/C ratio, slump and temperature.","PeriodicalId":40697,"journal":{"name":"Mindanao Journal of Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43031763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-20DOI: 10.61310/mndjstea.0959.22
Ronalyn P. Azarcon, Pacifico T. Vizmonte, Jr., Ace Mugssy L. Agustin
Paclobutrazol (PBZ) was reported to increase grain yield of different rice ecotypes via improved tillering ability under rainfed condition. In this study, the effects of PBZ on the shoot and root growth, and water use that might have contributed to higher yield under water-limited conditions were further examined. PSB Rc14 and NSIC Rc222 were grown in pots and subjected to continuously waterlogged (CWL) and drought (DR) treatments with soil moisture content maintained at 20% from 14 days after transplanting (DAT) until maturity. PBZ concentrations (0, 250 and 500 ppm) were sprayed at the onset of water treatments (14 DAT). Results showed that drought treatment significantly altered most of the parameters indicating successful imposition of the stress with the two varieties showing almost similar responses under the two water regimes, especially during maturity. PBZ application in CWL improved tiller number and yield components at a lower concentration and consequently increased grain yield. In drought, PBZ improved tiller number (34-39) starting at 35 DAT which contributed to a higher panicle number at maturity. Additionally, PBZ did not affect the shoot and root growth but reduced water use. Furthermore, the panicle number increased which could be linked to more grain numbers per plant leading to higher grain yields. These higher grain yield and lower water use improved water use efficiency, which required higher PBZ concentration (500 ppm). Overall, PBZ improved the panicle number contributing to a higher grain yield while reducing water use, thereby boosting water use efficiency of rice under drought stress condition.
{"title":"Effects of Paclobutrazol on Growth, Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) under Drought Stress Condition","authors":"Ronalyn P. Azarcon, Pacifico T. Vizmonte, Jr., Ace Mugssy L. Agustin","doi":"10.61310/mndjstea.0959.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61310/mndjstea.0959.22","url":null,"abstract":"Paclobutrazol (PBZ) was reported to increase grain yield of different rice ecotypes via improved tillering ability under rainfed condition. In this study, the effects of PBZ on the shoot and root growth, and water use that might have contributed to higher yield under water-limited conditions were further examined. PSB Rc14 and NSIC Rc222 were grown in pots and subjected to continuously waterlogged (CWL) and drought (DR) treatments with soil moisture content maintained at 20% from 14 days after transplanting (DAT) until maturity. PBZ concentrations (0, 250 and 500 ppm) were sprayed at the onset of water treatments (14 DAT). Results showed that drought treatment significantly altered most of the parameters indicating successful imposition of the stress with the two varieties showing almost similar responses under the two water regimes, especially during maturity. PBZ application in CWL improved tiller number and yield components at a lower concentration and consequently increased grain yield. In drought, PBZ improved tiller number (34-39) starting at 35 DAT which contributed to a higher panicle number at maturity. Additionally, PBZ did not affect the shoot and root growth but reduced water use. Furthermore, the panicle number increased which could be linked to more grain numbers per plant leading to higher grain yields. These higher grain yield and lower water use improved water use efficiency, which required higher PBZ concentration (500 ppm). Overall, PBZ improved the panicle number contributing to a higher grain yield while reducing water use, thereby boosting water use efficiency of rice under drought stress condition.","PeriodicalId":40697,"journal":{"name":"Mindanao Journal of Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48659874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-20DOI: 10.61310/mndjsteect.1133.22
Gee Jay C. Bartolome, C. A. Polinga, Vennus Florence N. Vicedo, John Patrick D. Buco, Kevin M. Titiwa, Patrick Ronald S. Bernarte, John Lester D. Mones, Michael James M. Andres, Errol R. De Guzman, Rogelrose M. Antonio, Michael M. Ramos, Jr.
The automated smoking machine is a pilot initiative towards the development of integrated processing machinery for the village-level production of smoked fish in Cavite, Philippines. Considering the traditional processing activities and the code of practice for the processing and handling of smoked fish, the machine was designed and fabricated with an estimated capacity of 75 kg per batch of operation. The machine can accomplish both hot and cold smoking processes by maintaining temperatures between 70-90 and 30-60 °C. Using sawdust and wood trimmings as biomass fuel, preliminary tests were conducted to examine the function of machine components and to establish the fuel feed rate and fuel ignition time. Meanwhile, at full capacity testing, smoked fish was produced for sensory analysis while monitoring the smoking temperature and relative humidity in the processing chamber. Results revealed that the minimum, maximum and average temperatures during hot smoking were 60.90, 72.58 °C and 79.93±5.01 °C, respectively, with an average relative humidity of 58.30%. When loaded at full capacity, the average smoking temperature reached 71.72±13.46 °C with no significant difference in the smoking temperature and relative humidity across the sections of the processing chamber. On average, the sensory properties that include the color, aroma, texture and taste of the smoked fish products scored 8.43 (extremely liked) among the participants of the sensory evaluation. A simple economic analysis revealed an initial investment of Php 170,000.00 that is recoverable in 1.59 years, a benefit-cost ratio of 1.29 and a return of investment of 34% – indicative of the machine’s financial viability.
{"title":"Design, Performance and Cost Analysis of Automated Smoking Machine for Village-level Smoked Fish Production","authors":"Gee Jay C. Bartolome, C. A. Polinga, Vennus Florence N. Vicedo, John Patrick D. Buco, Kevin M. Titiwa, Patrick Ronald S. Bernarte, John Lester D. Mones, Michael James M. Andres, Errol R. De Guzman, Rogelrose M. Antonio, Michael M. Ramos, Jr.","doi":"10.61310/mndjsteect.1133.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61310/mndjsteect.1133.22","url":null,"abstract":"The automated smoking machine is a pilot initiative towards the development of integrated processing machinery for the village-level production of smoked fish in Cavite, Philippines. Considering the traditional processing activities and the code of practice for the processing and handling of smoked fish, the machine was designed and fabricated with an estimated capacity of 75 kg per batch of operation. The machine can accomplish both hot and cold smoking processes by maintaining temperatures between 70-90 and 30-60 °C. Using sawdust and wood trimmings as biomass fuel, preliminary tests were conducted to examine the function of machine components and to establish the fuel feed rate and fuel ignition time. Meanwhile, at full capacity testing, smoked fish was produced for sensory analysis while monitoring the smoking temperature and relative humidity in the processing chamber. Results revealed that the minimum, maximum and average temperatures during hot smoking were 60.90, 72.58 °C and 79.93±5.01 °C, respectively, with an average relative humidity of 58.30%. When loaded at full capacity, the average smoking temperature reached 71.72±13.46 °C with no significant difference in the smoking temperature and relative humidity across the sections of the processing chamber. On average, the sensory properties that include the color, aroma, texture and taste of the smoked fish products scored 8.43 (extremely liked) among the participants of the sensory evaluation. A simple economic analysis revealed an initial investment of Php 170,000.00 that is recoverable in 1.59 years, a benefit-cost ratio of 1.29 and a return of investment of 34% – indicative of the machine’s financial viability.","PeriodicalId":40697,"journal":{"name":"Mindanao Journal of Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45461635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-20DOI: 10.61310/mndjstecbe.1096.22
Ma. Czarina R. Moreno, O. Emata
In the Philippines, milk production is often inconsistent due to seasonality leading to either shortage or surplus of milk. Before processing, dairy farmers and cooperatives subject their collected raw milk to low temperatures to delay the deterioration of milk quality. This process is performed to prevent profit loss, reduce food waste and generate a sustainable supply chain. The study determined the effects of refrigeration, freezing and blast freezing on preserving the quality of raw cow’s milk before processing. Chemical, foaming, microbial and sensory characteristics were determined to compare the effect of each treatment. Milk samples were refrigerated at 4 °C for 12 h (RM), frozen at -18 °C for 16 h (FM), and blast frozen at -40 °C for 10 h (BFM). Before conducting the analyses, FM and BFM were thawed at 4 °C for 22 and 16 h, respectively. Fat (4.07%) and protein (2.97%) significantly decreased in FM while moisture, total solids, titratable acidity and pH did not significantly differ among treatments. The foam value and foam volume were significantly higher in RM (88.00% and 86.33 mL) and BFM (91.58% and 89.75 mL), respectively. BFM had the lowest counts of aerobic microorganisms (5.16 log10 CFU/mL), coliforms (1.38 log10 CFU/mL), and Escherichia coli (< 1.00 log10 CFU/mL). Milk samples were pasteurized at 63 °C for 30 min before the conduct of the sensory analysis. Sensory characteristics did not significantly differ among treatments. From the results, blast freezing can be generally considered the most viable solution for storing raw cow’s milk before processing.
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