Pub Date : 2022-12-22DOI: 10.61310/mndjsteect.1113.22
Philip Jun S. Celerinos, Kristine D. Sanchez-Companion
In response to the continuous price increase of electricity and diesel fuel, a hydraulic ram pump serves as an alternative water pump that can be useful for farmers and lowincome earning citizens living in mountainous areas. However, this pump was observed to have a critical delivery head to work uninterruptedly. This study conducted a field experiment of 10 design cases for drive pipe to determine the critical delivery head of the newly developed hydraulic ram pump using different pipe fittings and a 20-L disposable polycarbonate bottle as a pressure chamber. Results showed that the newly developed hydraulic ram pump reached its highest discharge efficiency of 12.83% and energy efficiency of 84.61% at 9.83 and 10.90 m critical delivery heads, respectively. Results also revealed that the critical delivery head was 86.27% linearly correlated with discharge efficiency and 46.78% linearly correlated with energy efficiency (p < 0.05). Thus, the determination of the critical delivery head provided a baseline reference in ram pump studies that only gave ranges of ratios for the drive head to the delivery head. Furthermore, the newly developed hydraulic ram pump can produce water up to 700 L a day which can be beneficial for households and smallscale agricultural farming.
{"title":"Determination of Critical Delivery Head for Hydraulic Ram Pump","authors":"Philip Jun S. Celerinos, Kristine D. Sanchez-Companion","doi":"10.61310/mndjsteect.1113.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61310/mndjsteect.1113.22","url":null,"abstract":"In response to the continuous price increase of electricity and diesel fuel, a hydraulic ram pump serves as an alternative water pump that can be useful for farmers and lowincome earning citizens living in mountainous areas. However, this pump was observed to have a critical delivery head to work uninterruptedly. This study conducted a field experiment of 10 design cases for drive pipe to determine the critical delivery head of the newly developed hydraulic ram pump using different pipe fittings and a 20-L disposable polycarbonate bottle as a pressure chamber. Results showed that the newly developed hydraulic ram pump reached its highest discharge efficiency of 12.83% and energy efficiency of 84.61% at 9.83 and 10.90 m critical delivery heads, respectively. Results also revealed that the critical delivery head was 86.27% linearly correlated with discharge efficiency and 46.78% linearly correlated with energy efficiency (p < 0.05). Thus, the determination of the critical delivery head provided a baseline reference in ram pump studies that only gave ranges of ratios for the drive head to the delivery head. Furthermore, the newly developed hydraulic ram pump can produce water up to 700 L a day which can be beneficial for households and smallscale agricultural farming.","PeriodicalId":40697,"journal":{"name":"Mindanao Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71279085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-22DOI: 10.61310/mndjsteect.1169.22
P. Bhattacharjee, Rabin K. Jana, Somenath Bhattacharya
Owing to the escalating environmental and social problems linked to climate change and the hastily depleting stock of hydrocarbon-based fuels, renewable power generation modes have attained massive prominence. Wind power is an important renewable energy generation technology that contributed to 5% of the planet’s power generation in 2020. However, for sustaining the Paris Agreement targets, the global wind power generation sector necessitates evolving at a fleeter pace. To expand the green switch of the worldwide power generation businesses, wind farms are expected to remain financially more advantageous than fossil fuel-based power plants. The present work focused on elevating the annual profit of wind farms by employing an amended genetic algorithm (GA). A fresh approach to dynamically apportioning the crossover and mutation prospects for a GA-enabled profit growth algorithm was suggested to amplify the capability of the GA. Three dissimilar terrain conditions with diverse obstruction configurations and a randomly generated non-uniform wind flow pattern were used for assessing the competence of the proposed algorithm for profit maximization. The results showed that the annual yields for Terrain Layouts 1, 2 and 3 obtained by the amended GA were higher by 10.34, 5.09 and 0.51%, respectively, than the typical one, which substantiated the superior proficiency of the former.
{"title":"Improving the Yearly Profit of Wind Farm with Artificial Intelligence Technique","authors":"P. Bhattacharjee, Rabin K. Jana, Somenath Bhattacharya","doi":"10.61310/mndjsteect.1169.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61310/mndjsteect.1169.22","url":null,"abstract":"Owing to the escalating environmental and social problems linked to climate change and the hastily depleting stock of hydrocarbon-based fuels, renewable power generation modes have attained massive prominence. Wind power is an important renewable energy generation technology that contributed to 5% of the planet’s power generation in 2020. However, for sustaining the Paris Agreement targets, the global wind power generation sector necessitates evolving at a fleeter pace. To expand the green switch of the worldwide power generation businesses, wind farms are expected to remain financially more advantageous than fossil fuel-based power plants. The present work focused on elevating the annual profit of wind farms by employing an amended genetic algorithm (GA). A fresh approach to dynamically apportioning the crossover and mutation prospects for a GA-enabled profit growth algorithm was suggested to amplify the capability of the GA. Three dissimilar terrain conditions with diverse obstruction configurations and a randomly generated non-uniform wind flow pattern were used for assessing the competence of the proposed algorithm for profit maximization. The results showed that the annual yields for Terrain Layouts 1, 2 and 3 obtained by the amended GA were higher by 10.34, 5.09 and 0.51%, respectively, than the typical one, which substantiated the superior proficiency of the former.","PeriodicalId":40697,"journal":{"name":"Mindanao Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71279116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-22DOI: 10.61310/mndjsteect.1149.22
R. Ramirez, Rajiv Eldon E. Abdullah
The availability of damage assessment maps and ground displacement information is essential in the Philippines, which experiences various types of climate-induced and naturally-driven geohazards. The emergence of freely accessible space-borne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data has led to interferometric SAR (InSAR) applications in the Philippines. However, most InSAR studies only focused on ground displacement detection, monitoring, and modeling and not on damages resulting from geohazards. This work used pre- and co-eruption Sentinel-1 interferometric pair datasets and the SeNtinel-1 Application Platform tool to create a pixel-based damage proxy map (DPM) for the 2020 Taal Volcano eruption in the Philippines, employing a coherence difference analysis. The pre-eruption coherence difference data stack mean and standard deviation were exploited to achieve a coherence difference threshold that reasonably created the DPM that delineated damaged areas, which included buildings and roads. The DPM was qualitatively evaluated through comparison with the field investigation and reports obtained from the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) and showed significant agreement with 89% overall accuracy. The decomposition of the line-of-sight displacement field map revealed the dynamic geological activities due to the phreatomagmatic eruption. The vertical displacements from InSAR and in-situ measurements obtained from field inspection and PHIVOLCS reports showed excellent agreement with root-mean-squared less than 2 cm and coefficient of determination (R2) close to unity. Overall, the application of InSAR to Sentinel-1 SAR images successfully mapped damaged areas and estimated ground displacements associated with the Taal Volcano phreatomagmatic eruption on January 12, 2020.
{"title":"Damaged Area Mapping and Ground Displacement Estimation using Sentinel-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Interferometry: January 12, 2020, Taal Volcano Eruption Case Study, Philippines","authors":"R. Ramirez, Rajiv Eldon E. Abdullah","doi":"10.61310/mndjsteect.1149.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61310/mndjsteect.1149.22","url":null,"abstract":"The availability of damage assessment maps and ground displacement information is essential in the Philippines, which experiences various types of climate-induced and naturally-driven geohazards. The emergence of freely accessible space-borne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data has led to interferometric SAR (InSAR) applications in the Philippines. However, most InSAR studies only focused on ground displacement detection, monitoring, and modeling and not on damages resulting from geohazards. This work used pre- and co-eruption Sentinel-1 interferometric pair datasets and the SeNtinel-1 Application Platform tool to create a pixel-based damage proxy map (DPM) for the 2020 Taal Volcano eruption in the Philippines, employing a coherence difference analysis. The pre-eruption coherence difference data stack mean and standard deviation were exploited to achieve a coherence difference threshold that reasonably created the DPM that delineated damaged areas, which included buildings and roads. The DPM was qualitatively evaluated through comparison with the field investigation and reports obtained from the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) and showed significant agreement with 89% overall accuracy. The decomposition of the line-of-sight displacement field map revealed the dynamic geological activities due to the phreatomagmatic eruption. The vertical displacements from InSAR and in-situ measurements obtained from field inspection and PHIVOLCS reports showed excellent agreement with root-mean-squared less than 2 cm and coefficient of determination (R2) close to unity. Overall, the application of InSAR to Sentinel-1 SAR images successfully mapped damaged areas and estimated ground displacements associated with the Taal Volcano phreatomagmatic eruption on January 12, 2020.","PeriodicalId":40697,"journal":{"name":"Mindanao Journal of Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48879478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-22DOI: 10.61310/mndjsteect.1042.22
O. O. Akinyemi, H. Adeyemi, O. Olatunde, O. Folorunsho, Muhammed B. Musa
Accidents occurrence in metal lathe machining operations in industrial workshops often cost organizations billions of dollars while injured workers and families are faced with financial and emotional burdens. Studies revealed that the fly-out accident is the most probable accident that occurs during metal lathe machining operations. The uncertainty surrounding its occurrence is rarely reported. This study, therefore, modeled the uncertainty surrounding the occurrence of a fly-out accident during metal lathe machining operations and its corresponding consequences using the Bayesian belief network (BBN). Fly-out accident causal factors were identified representing the parent nodes with two states each. Two child-node scenarios were modeled on Bayesian belief influence diagrams, namely the fly-out accident with two states (yes and no) and the consequences of the fly-out accident with three states (fatal, serious and minor). Seven causal factors of the fly-out accident were identified (chuck-related fault, tool-post failure, workpiece holding fault, coolant fault, wrong operating speed, safety-related guards fault and wrong feed rate). Bayesian causal inference of fly-out accident was 0.708 and the fatal fly-out accident was 0.263. Bayesian diagnostic inference showed that chuck association fault and improper feed rate were significant causal factors influencing the occurrence of a fly-out accident, fatal fly-out accident and serious fly-out accident, while the occurrence of a minor fly-out accident was affected by coolant fault during machining operations. The study identified areas of safety concerns that may be used for the development of Machine Workshop Safety Management Systems toward sustainable, safe, and effective machine workshop operations.
{"title":"Bayesian Belief Network Modeling of Accident Occurrence in Metal Lathe Machining Operations","authors":"O. O. Akinyemi, H. Adeyemi, O. Olatunde, O. Folorunsho, Muhammed B. Musa","doi":"10.61310/mndjsteect.1042.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61310/mndjsteect.1042.22","url":null,"abstract":"Accidents occurrence in metal lathe machining operations in industrial workshops often cost organizations billions of dollars while injured workers and families are faced with financial and emotional burdens. Studies revealed that the fly-out accident is the most probable accident that occurs during metal lathe machining operations. The uncertainty surrounding its occurrence is rarely reported. This study, therefore, modeled the uncertainty surrounding the occurrence of a fly-out accident during metal lathe machining operations and its corresponding consequences using the Bayesian belief network (BBN). Fly-out accident causal factors were identified representing the parent nodes with two states each. Two child-node scenarios were modeled on Bayesian belief influence diagrams, namely the fly-out accident with two states (yes and no) and the consequences of the fly-out accident with three states (fatal, serious and minor). Seven causal factors of the fly-out accident were identified (chuck-related fault, tool-post failure, workpiece holding fault, coolant fault, wrong operating speed, safety-related guards fault and wrong feed rate). Bayesian causal inference of fly-out accident was 0.708 and the fatal fly-out accident was 0.263. Bayesian diagnostic inference showed that chuck association fault and improper feed rate were significant causal factors influencing the occurrence of a fly-out accident, fatal fly-out accident and serious fly-out accident, while the occurrence of a minor fly-out accident was affected by coolant fault during machining operations. The study identified areas of safety concerns that may be used for the development of Machine Workshop Safety Management Systems toward sustainable, safe, and effective machine workshop operations.","PeriodicalId":40697,"journal":{"name":"Mindanao Journal of Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45136850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-20DOI: 10.61310/mndjsteect.1021.22
O. Ismaila, Samson A. Odunlami, S. Kuye, T. M. Olayanju, Dr Adekunle Ibrahim Musa-Olokuta, N. O. Adekunle, O. Adeaga, B. U. Anyanwu, Augustine A. Kwarteng
Most buses used in Nigeria are imported; thus, the anthropometric dimensions of the citizens of the country of manufacture were used for the seat design. Poorly designed seats due to a mismatch in anthropometric measurements may lead to musculoskeletal disorders. Hence, there is a need to design an appropriate seat for particular bus drivers. This study aimed to obtain anthropometric dimensions of Nigerian bus drivers and design an appropriate driver’s seat based on the collected dimensions. Relevant anthropometric variables necessary for the driver’s seat design were obtained from 150 randomly selected male bus drivers from seven towns in Ogun, Oyo and Lagos states. Seat dimensions of 50 urban buses in heavy and medium automobile categories were considered. The means, standard deviations and 5th, 50th and 95th percentiles were calculated. The existing seat dimensions were compared with the required anthropometric measurements of the drivers for the seat design. It was found that the current seat measurements differed from the suggested seat dimensions. The study highlighted that in designing and producing bus seats for Nigerian bus drivers, their anthropometric data should be considered. The study recommended that the dimensions of the driver’s seat should be 46.45-50.45 cm (seat height); 39-48.26 cm (seat depth); 46.83 cm (seat front width); 53 cm (backrest height); 49-58.26 (backrest depth); and 90° to 130° (seat backrest angle).
{"title":"Anthropometric Seat Design for Bus Drivers in Southwestern Nigeria","authors":"O. Ismaila, Samson A. Odunlami, S. Kuye, T. M. Olayanju, Dr Adekunle Ibrahim Musa-Olokuta, N. O. Adekunle, O. Adeaga, B. U. Anyanwu, Augustine A. Kwarteng","doi":"10.61310/mndjsteect.1021.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61310/mndjsteect.1021.22","url":null,"abstract":"Most buses used in Nigeria are imported; thus, the anthropometric dimensions of the citizens of the country of manufacture were used for the seat design. Poorly designed seats due to a mismatch in anthropometric measurements may lead to musculoskeletal disorders. Hence, there is a need to design an appropriate seat for particular bus drivers. This study aimed to obtain anthropometric dimensions of Nigerian bus drivers and design an appropriate driver’s seat based on the collected dimensions. Relevant anthropometric variables necessary for the driver’s seat design were obtained from 150 randomly selected male bus drivers from seven towns in Ogun, Oyo and Lagos states. Seat dimensions of 50 urban buses in heavy and medium automobile categories were considered. The means, standard deviations and 5th, 50th and 95th percentiles were calculated. The existing seat dimensions were compared with the required anthropometric measurements of the drivers for the seat design. It was found that the current seat measurements differed from the suggested seat dimensions. The study highlighted that in designing and producing bus seats for Nigerian bus drivers, their anthropometric data should be considered. The study recommended that the dimensions of the driver’s seat should be 46.45-50.45 cm (seat height); 39-48.26 cm (seat depth); 46.83 cm (seat front width); 53 cm (backrest height); 49-58.26 (backrest depth); and 90° to 130° (seat backrest angle).","PeriodicalId":40697,"journal":{"name":"Mindanao Journal of Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47517240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-20DOI: 10.61310/mndjstecbe.1107.22
Denys Matheus Santana Costa Souza, Andressa Rosa Martins, S. B. Fernandes, M. Avelar, L. V. Molinari, D. Gonçalves, G. E. Brondani
Light quality is an important factor for in vitro development of explants in a bioreactor system. Based on the need to optimize, this study aimed to evaluate the in vitro multiplication of Eucalyptus pilularis and urograndis eucalypt using different light quality in a temporary immersion bioreactor (TIB) system. Different spectral qualities on in vitro multiplication were evaluated using three light sources, namely fluorescent lamp (white light), red and blue. Shoot length, number of buds, fresh weight per explant, vigor and hyperhydricity were evaluated according to an established scoring scale at 30 days. The results showed that fluorescent white light was the most appropriate for use in the in vitro multiplication of E. pilularis, and blue light for the urograndis eucalypt clone resulting in a greater shoot length (1.46 cm; 2.41 cm), number of buds (2.25; 10.20), vigor (1.8; 1.3) and fresh weight per explant (86.9 mg; 449 mg). The results can be applied to optimize clonal microplant production on a commercial scale.
{"title":"In Vitro Multiplication of Eucalyptus pilularis and Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla (Urograndis Eucalypt): Effect of Light Quality in Temporary Immersion Bioreactor","authors":"Denys Matheus Santana Costa Souza, Andressa Rosa Martins, S. B. Fernandes, M. Avelar, L. V. Molinari, D. Gonçalves, G. E. Brondani","doi":"10.61310/mndjstecbe.1107.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61310/mndjstecbe.1107.22","url":null,"abstract":"Light quality is an important factor for in vitro development of explants in a bioreactor system. Based on the need to optimize, this study aimed to evaluate the in vitro multiplication of Eucalyptus pilularis and urograndis eucalypt using different light quality in a temporary immersion bioreactor (TIB) system. Different spectral qualities on in vitro multiplication were evaluated using three light sources, namely fluorescent lamp (white light), red and blue. Shoot length, number of buds, fresh weight per explant, vigor and hyperhydricity were evaluated according to an established scoring scale at 30 days. The results showed that fluorescent white light was the most appropriate for use in the in vitro multiplication of E. pilularis, and blue light for the urograndis eucalypt clone resulting in a greater shoot length (1.46 cm; 2.41 cm), number of buds (2.25; 10.20), vigor (1.8; 1.3) and fresh weight per explant (86.9 mg; 449 mg). The results can be applied to optimize clonal microplant production on a commercial scale.","PeriodicalId":40697,"journal":{"name":"Mindanao Journal of Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43222373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-20DOI: 10.61310/mndjstecbe.1043.22
Justice Norhailyn P. Pangarungan, Eloise Ann Kristine Makasiar, Jessah P. Trillo, Carlo Stephen O. Moneva
This study aimed to identify the microhabitat preference of Strombidae species present in selected intertidal zones of Zamboanga del Norte and Misamis Occidental. A total of 406 individuals of Strombidae were collected and identified into 15 species. Most species of Strombidae were recorded to be abundant in seagrasses (Cymodocea rotundata and Thalassia hemprichii) and in algae (Gracilaria salicornia, Ulva lactuca and Ulva intestinalis). Strombidae were also observed along rocks, muddy sand, black sand, sediments and tide pools. A Kruskal-Wallis Test showed that there was a significant difference in species abundance among different microhabitat types (H[6] = 13.46, p = 0.036). This implies that the abundance of species among different habitats was not the same. Supporting this, the Cramer’s contingency test revealed a significant association between the abundance of species to their microhabitat type with a contingency coefficient of 0.76. Canarium labiatum was observed to inhabit G. salicornia, while Canarium mutabile preferred both rocks and tide pools. Canarium urceus favored C. rotundata; Canarium (Canarium) esculentum occurred in G. salicornia and T. hemprichii. Conomurex luhuanus was observed in U. intestinalis and G. salicornia. Euprotomus aurisdianae inhabited the seagrass, while Euprotomus bulla occurred in T. hemprichii and muddy sand. Laevistrombus (Gonggonus) turturella inhabited the C. rotundata. Lastly, Lentigo lentiginosus and all Lambis species were noticed in G. salicornia. Strombidae preferred both seagrasses and algae apparently because these microhabitat types serve as food and nutrient sources to these species.
{"title":"Microhabitat Preference of Strombidae in Selected Intertidal Areas of Zamboanga del Norte and Misamis Occidental, Philippines","authors":"Justice Norhailyn P. Pangarungan, Eloise Ann Kristine Makasiar, Jessah P. Trillo, Carlo Stephen O. Moneva","doi":"10.61310/mndjstecbe.1043.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61310/mndjstecbe.1043.22","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to identify the microhabitat preference of Strombidae species present in selected intertidal zones of Zamboanga del Norte and Misamis Occidental. A total of 406 individuals of Strombidae were collected and identified into 15 species. Most species of Strombidae were recorded to be abundant in seagrasses (Cymodocea rotundata and Thalassia hemprichii) and in algae (Gracilaria salicornia, Ulva lactuca and Ulva intestinalis). Strombidae were also observed along rocks, muddy sand, black sand, sediments and tide pools. A Kruskal-Wallis Test showed that there was a significant difference in species abundance among different microhabitat types (H[6] = 13.46, p = 0.036). This implies that the abundance of species among different habitats was not the same. Supporting this, the Cramer’s contingency test revealed a significant association between the abundance of species to their microhabitat type with a contingency coefficient of 0.76. Canarium labiatum was observed to inhabit G. salicornia, while Canarium mutabile preferred both rocks and tide pools. Canarium urceus favored C. rotundata; Canarium (Canarium) esculentum occurred in G. salicornia and T. hemprichii. Conomurex luhuanus was observed in U. intestinalis and G. salicornia. Euprotomus aurisdianae inhabited the seagrass, while Euprotomus bulla occurred in T. hemprichii and muddy sand. Laevistrombus (Gonggonus) turturella inhabited the C. rotundata. Lastly, Lentigo lentiginosus and all Lambis species were noticed in G. salicornia. Strombidae preferred both seagrasses and algae apparently because these microhabitat types serve as food and nutrient sources to these species.","PeriodicalId":40697,"journal":{"name":"Mindanao Journal of Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43542911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-20DOI: 10.61310/mndjstea.0975.22
D. Donayre, Cherry E. Tayson, Gerald E. Bello
Utilizing azolla to manage invasive apple snail (IAS) has never been reported. Hence, in this study, an experiment was conducted at two trials to determine azolla’s influence on the survival of newly transplanted (TPR) and direct-seeded rice (DSR) seedlings planted under varying IAS densities and water depths. Three treatments (T1: rice + IAS, T2: rice + IAS + azolla and T3: rice + IAS + molluscicide), three densities of IAS (5, 10 and 15 snails/0.16 m2) and three water depths (1, 2 and 3 cm) were combined in a three-way factorial arrangement through randomized complete block design with three replications. The number of seedlings that survived and the rate of missing seedlings day-1 were measured. Results showed that the TPR’s survival at the three water depths ranged from 43 to 65.6% at 2.4 to 4.7 missing seedlings day-1 in T1, 84 to 94.8% at 0.5 to 1.4 missing seedlings day-1 in T2 and 100% at 0 missing seedlings day-1 in T3. No significant differences were observed in the survival of TPR planted in T2 and T3. Meanwhile, the DSR’s survival at all water depths and IAS densities ranged from 0 to 3.8% and 0 to 3.6% in T1, 7.4 to 26.8 and 6.5 to 27.2% in T2, respectively, and 100% in T3. DSR had 15.8 missing seedlings day-1 in T1 and 13.3 in T2. This study demonstrated that growing azolla could help increase the survival of newly-planted rice, specifically on TPR, against the potential damage of IAS.
{"title":"Influence of Azolla on the Survival of Rice Seedlings Planted under Varying Invasive Apple Snail Densities and Water Depths","authors":"D. Donayre, Cherry E. Tayson, Gerald E. Bello","doi":"10.61310/mndjstea.0975.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61310/mndjstea.0975.22","url":null,"abstract":"Utilizing azolla to manage invasive apple snail (IAS) has never been reported. Hence, in this study, an experiment was conducted at two trials to determine azolla’s influence on the survival of newly transplanted (TPR) and direct-seeded rice (DSR) seedlings planted under varying IAS densities and water depths. Three treatments (T1: rice + IAS, T2: rice + IAS + azolla and T3: rice + IAS + molluscicide), three densities of IAS (5, 10 and 15 snails/0.16 m2) and three water depths (1, 2 and 3 cm) were combined in a three-way factorial arrangement through randomized complete block design with three replications. The number of seedlings that survived and the rate of missing seedlings day-1 were measured. Results showed that the TPR’s survival at the three water depths ranged from 43 to 65.6% at 2.4 to 4.7 missing seedlings day-1 in T1, 84 to 94.8% at 0.5 to 1.4 missing seedlings day-1 in T2 and 100% at 0 missing seedlings day-1 in T3. No significant differences were observed in the survival of TPR planted in T2 and T3. Meanwhile, the DSR’s survival at all water depths and IAS densities ranged from 0 to 3.8% and 0 to 3.6% in T1, 7.4 to 26.8 and 6.5 to 27.2% in T2, respectively, and 100% in T3. DSR had 15.8 missing seedlings day-1 in T1 and 13.3 in T2. This study demonstrated that growing azolla could help increase the survival of newly-planted rice, specifically on TPR, against the potential damage of IAS.","PeriodicalId":40697,"journal":{"name":"Mindanao Journal of Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43996764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-20DOI: 10.61310/mndjstemsp.0921.22
Roel F Ceballos
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has spread worldwide with an unprecedented impact on society. In the Philippines, several interventions such as mobility restrictions for different age groups and vaccination prioritization programs have been implemented to reduce the risks of infections and mortality. This study aimed to identify age-sex composition with greater susceptibility, longer hospitalization and higher fatality. The COVID-19 cases from March 2020 to April 2021 provided by the Department of Health Davao Region in the Philippines were analyzed. A Chi-square test was used to determine the difference in proportions of COVID-19 cases among age-sex compositions. A correlation plot of χ2 test residual was employed to investigate the differences in susceptibility. Boxplots and Kruskal-Wallis tests were utilized to compare the length of hospitalizations. The study found a significant difference in the COVID-19 susceptibility among age-sex compositions (p < 0.01). Male children and female senior citizens were the most susceptible age-sex compositions. Furthermore, senior citizens had the longest hospital days wherein the median and IQR days were 19 (15-27) for men and 18 (16-29) for women. Male senior citizen was the subgroup with the highest case fatality (21.4%, p < 0.01). It is recommended that the number of cases among senior citizens be used as an input in the planning and allocation of medical resources at the provincial and regional levels. The local government unit executives in the region can also take advantage of the availability of age-sex composition data in stratifying localities, planning, allocating COVID-19-related resources and imposing mobility restrictions.
{"title":"COVID-19 Susceptibility, Mortality and Length of Hospitalization based on Age-Sex Composition: Insights for Intervention and Stratification","authors":"Roel F Ceballos","doi":"10.61310/mndjstemsp.0921.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61310/mndjstemsp.0921.22","url":null,"abstract":"The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has spread worldwide with an unprecedented impact on society. In the Philippines, several interventions such as mobility restrictions for different age groups and vaccination prioritization programs have been implemented to reduce the risks of infections and mortality. This study aimed to identify age-sex composition with greater susceptibility, longer hospitalization and higher fatality. The COVID-19 cases from March 2020 to April 2021 provided by the Department of Health Davao Region in the Philippines were analyzed. A Chi-square test was used to determine the difference in proportions of COVID-19 cases among age-sex compositions. A correlation plot of χ2 test residual was employed to investigate the differences in susceptibility. Boxplots and Kruskal-Wallis tests were utilized to compare the length of hospitalizations. The study found a significant difference in the COVID-19 susceptibility among age-sex compositions (p < 0.01). Male children and female senior citizens were the most susceptible age-sex compositions. Furthermore, senior citizens had the longest hospital days wherein the median and IQR days were 19 (15-27) for men and 18 (16-29) for women. Male senior citizen was the subgroup with the highest case fatality (21.4%, p < 0.01). It is recommended that the number of cases among senior citizens be used as an input in the planning and allocation of medical resources at the provincial and regional levels. The local government unit executives in the region can also take advantage of the availability of age-sex composition data in stratifying localities, planning, allocating COVID-19-related resources and imposing mobility restrictions.","PeriodicalId":40697,"journal":{"name":"Mindanao Journal of Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46585028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-20DOI: 10.61310/mndjsteect.1048.22
Abel James N. Lualhati, Jhamil B. Mariano, Al Eugene L. Torres, S. D. Fenol
Currently, the Philippines has no commercially available coffee bean sorter to mechanize the manual sorting, which is prone to human errors. Hence, this study aimed to design and develop a green coffee bean (GCB) quality sorter using various electronic materials for the sorting mechanism, a proportional-integral-derivative (PID)-based algorithm and image processing as sorting system control, and other locally available materials for the machine’s framework. The developed prototype was then evaluated through preliminary testing. A series of tests in three trials were conducted with different sets of Arabica GCBs (T1: 120 good GCBs, T2: 120 defective GCBs, T3: 100 good GCBs + 20 defective GCBs, T4: 20 good GCBs + 100 defective GCBs, and T5: 60 good GCBs + 60 defective GCBs) as test materials. It was shown that the machine can separate defective from the good GCBs arranged in linearity using neural network and image processing. Two webcams were installed to take images of both sides of the bean, which were used for determining the GCB quality through a prediction test. The device was found to be functional with an accuracy of 89.17%, which was comparable with manual sorting. Furthermore, the machine can sort 1 kg of GCBs within 2 h and 45 min. The preliminary tests’ results can be used as reference in designing similar equipment.
{"title":"Development and Testing of Green Coffee Bean Quality Sorter using Image Processing and Artificial Neural Network","authors":"Abel James N. Lualhati, Jhamil B. Mariano, Al Eugene L. Torres, S. D. Fenol","doi":"10.61310/mndjsteect.1048.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61310/mndjsteect.1048.22","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, the Philippines has no commercially available coffee bean sorter to mechanize the manual sorting, which is prone to human errors. Hence, this study aimed to design and develop a green coffee bean (GCB) quality sorter using various electronic materials for the sorting mechanism, a proportional-integral-derivative (PID)-based algorithm and image processing as sorting system control, and other locally available materials for the machine’s framework. The developed prototype was then evaluated through preliminary testing. A series of tests in three trials were conducted with different sets of Arabica GCBs (T1: 120 good GCBs, T2: 120 defective GCBs, T3: 100 good GCBs + 20 defective GCBs, T4: 20 good GCBs + 100 defective GCBs, and T5: 60 good GCBs + 60 defective GCBs) as test materials. It was shown that the machine can separate defective from the good GCBs arranged in linearity using neural network and image processing. Two webcams were installed to take images of both sides of the bean, which were used for determining the GCB quality through a prediction test. The device was found to be functional with an accuracy of 89.17%, which was comparable with manual sorting. Furthermore, the machine can sort 1 kg of GCBs within 2 h and 45 min. The preliminary tests’ results can be used as reference in designing similar equipment.","PeriodicalId":40697,"journal":{"name":"Mindanao Journal of Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44239589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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