Pub Date : 2023-03-23DOI: 10.56532/mjsat.v2is1.107
Rohit Shenoy, H. N. Abhilash, A. A. Basri, A. Barboza, G. Shenoy B, R. Pai, A. Khader
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has been largely used in understanding the haemodynamics of the carotid bifurcation system and to visualise the blood flow changes due to the carotid artery geometric variations. Such studies will be helpful in understanding the arterial blood flow behavior and atherosclerosis. The present study focuses on investigation of geometric variable patient-specific healthy carotid bifurcation system under physiological pressure conditions. Unsteady flow simulation is conducted in ANSYS Fluent under the rigid wall and non-Newtonian conditions. The haemodynamic parameters such as pressure, velocity, vorticity, helicity, and time-averaged wall shear stress (TAWSS) were evaluated to visualise and understand flow dynamics at critical zones of bifurcation system. Further, the importance of geometric influence on the bifurcation zone was also investigated, causing significant vortex formation zones. A considerable reduction in velocity and backflow formation was observed, which is responsible for reducing the shear stress. It is also demonstrated that low TAWSS regions surrounding the bifurcation zone are more prone to atherosclerosis development.
{"title":"Study of Bio-Fluid Dynamics in Carotid Artery System Using Numerical Methods","authors":"Rohit Shenoy, H. N. Abhilash, A. A. Basri, A. Barboza, G. Shenoy B, R. Pai, A. Khader","doi":"10.56532/mjsat.v2is1.107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56532/mjsat.v2is1.107","url":null,"abstract":"Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has been largely used in understanding the haemodynamics of the carotid bifurcation system and to visualise the blood flow changes due to the carotid artery geometric variations. Such studies will be helpful in understanding the arterial blood flow behavior and atherosclerosis. The present study focuses on investigation of geometric variable patient-specific healthy carotid bifurcation system under physiological pressure conditions. Unsteady flow simulation is conducted in ANSYS Fluent under the rigid wall and non-Newtonian conditions. The haemodynamic parameters such as pressure, velocity, vorticity, helicity, and time-averaged wall shear stress (TAWSS) were evaluated to visualise and understand flow dynamics at critical zones of bifurcation system. Further, the importance of geometric influence on the bifurcation zone was also investigated, causing significant vortex formation zones. A considerable reduction in velocity and backflow formation was observed, which is responsible for reducing the shear stress. It is also demonstrated that low TAWSS regions surrounding the bifurcation zone are more prone to atherosclerosis development.","PeriodicalId":407405,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Science and Advanced Technology","volume":"247 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115187693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-23DOI: 10.56532/mjsat.v2is1.121
P. L. Chong, Yin Ying Than, Silvia Ganesan, Parvenkumar Ravi
Security plays an important role in our everyday lives be it in a personal, residential, commercial or enterprise setting. In the traditional home security setting, user can retrieve the video captured from the closed-circuit television (CCTV) when needed. However, user will not be notified when there is intruder. This disadvantage can be overcome by inculcating the idea of Internet of Things (IoT) into home security system. Smart home security system can integrate various types of sensors such as motion sensor, humidity sensor and temperature sensor together with electrical appliances in house such as CCTV camera, lights and fans. Smart home security system is capable to send notification to alert user if detected any house scenario which is abnormal so that user can act immediately upon receiving the notification for appropriate action. This helps to ensure the security of house. There are various home security systems proposed by past researchers. Therefore, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive review on the proposed designs and to analyse and compare the results to determine the challenges and prospect in this field of technology.
{"title":"An Overview of IoT Based Smart Home Surveillance and Control System: Challenges and Prospects","authors":"P. L. Chong, Yin Ying Than, Silvia Ganesan, Parvenkumar Ravi","doi":"10.56532/mjsat.v2is1.121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56532/mjsat.v2is1.121","url":null,"abstract":"Security plays an important role in our everyday lives be it in a personal, residential, commercial or enterprise setting. In the traditional home security setting, user can retrieve the video captured from the closed-circuit television (CCTV) when needed. However, user will not be notified when there is intruder. This disadvantage can be overcome by inculcating the idea of Internet of Things (IoT) into home security system. Smart home security system can integrate various types of sensors such as motion sensor, humidity sensor and temperature sensor together with electrical appliances in house such as CCTV camera, lights and fans. Smart home security system is capable to send notification to alert user if detected any house scenario which is abnormal so that user can act immediately upon receiving the notification for appropriate action. This helps to ensure the security of house. There are various home security systems proposed by past researchers. Therefore, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive review on the proposed designs and to analyse and compare the results to determine the challenges and prospect in this field of technology.","PeriodicalId":407405,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Science and Advanced Technology","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116386779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-23DOI: 10.56532/mjsat.v2is1.116
N. H. Abdullah, Ahmad Rashidi N.R, Z. Ariffin
Rainfall is very important elements in slope failure. Rainfall infiltrating into the slope is the main factor that triggers slope failure. The infiltration of the surface water affects both resisting and disturbing components of the slope which in turn decrease the slope stability factor. Shear strength parameters are very important for design slope and foundation. In this study, Consolidated Drained (CD) triaxial test were conducted on granitic residual soil specimens, both under saturated and unsaturated conditions with different moisture content at 16%, 17% and 18%. While, the Soil Water Characteristic Curve (SWCC) were developed using the pressure plate extractor apparatus and gives a result of residual suction, 148 kPa which equivalent to maximum apparent cohesion, 17 kPa. Therefore the shear strength variation with respect to suction was found to be non-linear for the entire test in accordance to the curved surface envelope soil shear strength model (CSESSM).
{"title":"Relationship between Shear Strength and Suction of Granitic Residual Soil","authors":"N. H. Abdullah, Ahmad Rashidi N.R, Z. Ariffin","doi":"10.56532/mjsat.v2is1.116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56532/mjsat.v2is1.116","url":null,"abstract":"Rainfall is very important elements in slope failure. Rainfall infiltrating into the slope is the main factor that triggers slope failure. The infiltration of the surface water affects both resisting and disturbing components of the slope which in turn decrease the slope stability factor. Shear strength parameters are very important for design slope and foundation. In this study, Consolidated Drained (CD) triaxial test were conducted on granitic residual soil specimens, both under saturated and unsaturated conditions with different moisture content at 16%, 17% and 18%. While, the Soil Water Characteristic Curve (SWCC) were developed using the pressure plate extractor apparatus and gives a result of residual suction, 148 kPa which equivalent to maximum apparent cohesion, 17 kPa. Therefore the shear strength variation with respect to suction was found to be non-linear for the entire test in accordance to the curved surface envelope soil shear strength model (CSESSM).","PeriodicalId":407405,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Science and Advanced Technology","volume":"348 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132499147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nowadays, number of energy efficiency measures are being implemented in the smart home environment to conserve the energy consumption. This research attempts to design and develop a solution for an effective energy consumption in a smart home environment. The microcontroller system monitors the electrical energy consumption in real time and to ensure the power consumption is within the limit or predefined maximum demand value. Once the real time power consumption reaches the pre-set value prior to reaching its maximum demand, there will be an alarm triggered to warn the user that the power consumption is about to reach the predefined value. Once the power consumption exceeds the predefined maximum demand, the connected load will be automatically switched off sequentially one by one based on the pre-planned look up table. Results obtained through simulation and practical are presented in this paper. Recommendations are given for further enhancement of the proposed design for the smart home applications.
{"title":"Design and Development of a Maximum Demand Controller for Energy Efficiency in a Smart Home Environment","authors":"Vengadeshwaran Velu, Pavitra Kunasegaran, Nithiya Ruben Shanmugam","doi":"10.56532/mjsat.v2is1.111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56532/mjsat.v2is1.111","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, number of energy efficiency measures are being implemented in the smart home environment to conserve the energy consumption. This research attempts to design and develop a solution for an effective energy consumption in a smart home environment. The microcontroller system monitors the electrical energy consumption in real time and to ensure the power consumption is within the limit or predefined maximum demand value. Once the real time power consumption reaches the pre-set value prior to reaching its maximum demand, there will be an alarm triggered to warn the user that the power consumption is about to reach the predefined value. Once the power consumption exceeds the predefined maximum demand, the connected load will be automatically switched off sequentially one by one based on the pre-planned look up table. Results obtained through simulation and practical are presented in this paper. Recommendations are given for further enhancement of the proposed design for the smart home applications.","PeriodicalId":407405,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Science and Advanced Technology","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120960992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-23DOI: 10.56532/mjsat.v2is1.118
Nurhasyimah Abd Aziz, Lenggeswaran Elanggoven, Nur Alia Shazmin Zakaria, Nurfadzylah Awang, Nadhira Fathiah Kamarulzaman, Dzuraidah Abd Wahab
The repair and restoration stage in remanufacturing is one of the vital phases to ensure the remanufactured component is qualified during the testing stage. The reliability of the component can be evaluated at the very early stage of remanufacturing process, by adopting the FMEA method. The FMEA method is a tool that facilitate the evaluation of reliability of component related to potential failures and damages of the component. An automotive brake caliper is selected as a case exemplary in this study. The FMEA method will be used to confirm the applicability of DED process as one of the repair processes where not all type of failures or damages are suitable to be repaired through DED process. Therefore, this study presents the identification of potential damages or failures of brake caliper and further, analyse the reliability of the component and identify the possible corrective action can be taken. The study shows that the failure modes of a brake pad is irreparable cases that requires part replacement whilst for brake caliper housing shows as having some potential to be repaired using DED process. However, further investigation related to the strength of the component is required to support the FMEA results.
{"title":"Assessment on Potential Damages of Automotive Brake Caliper Using FMEA Method for the Application of Remanufacturing Process","authors":"Nurhasyimah Abd Aziz, Lenggeswaran Elanggoven, Nur Alia Shazmin Zakaria, Nurfadzylah Awang, Nadhira Fathiah Kamarulzaman, Dzuraidah Abd Wahab","doi":"10.56532/mjsat.v2is1.118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56532/mjsat.v2is1.118","url":null,"abstract":"The repair and restoration stage in remanufacturing is one of the vital phases to ensure the remanufactured component is qualified during the testing stage. The reliability of the component can be evaluated at the very early stage of remanufacturing process, by adopting the FMEA method. The FMEA method is a tool that facilitate the evaluation of reliability of component related to potential failures and damages of the component. An automotive brake caliper is selected as a case exemplary in this study. The FMEA method will be used to confirm the applicability of DED process as one of the repair processes where not all type of failures or damages are suitable to be repaired through DED process. Therefore, this study presents the identification of potential damages or failures of brake caliper and further, analyse the reliability of the component and identify the possible corrective action can be taken. The study shows that the failure modes of a brake pad is irreparable cases that requires part replacement whilst for brake caliper housing shows as having some potential to be repaired using DED process. However, further investigation related to the strength of the component is required to support the FMEA results.","PeriodicalId":407405,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Science and Advanced Technology","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129365755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
COVID-19 is the fifth pandemic to be documented since the 1918 flu pandemic. The virus spreads swiftly and evolves over time among humans because it is highly contagious. Since the virus is known to spread airborne, few of the most efficient ways to protect ourselves are by following social distance among individuals and to wear a face mask or shield at all times. These 2 conditions are not followed by some individuals even if the rules are set to be strict and it is impossible for the government to watch over everyone at all times. Companies and other sectors has to be allowed to operated even during the crisis due to economic factors. This is a risky situation for both the companies and the people. As a solution for this situation, a prototype is created to assist with social distance monitoring in public areas to reduce the risk of disease spread. The robot operates by using an Arduino MEGA, IR Sensors and Ultrasonic sensors. The robot comes with a robust and compact design to work in most places with the ability to follow a pre-determined path which gives it a tremendous market potential in all sorts of sectors that involves high number of employees or people.
{"title":"Design and Development of IOT Social Distancing and Monitoring Robot for Queue","authors":"Md Shahid Hamid, Logesvaran Wasu, Devika Sethu, Ts. Mohd. Azwan bin Ramlan","doi":"10.56532/mjsat.v2is1.90","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56532/mjsat.v2is1.90","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19 is the fifth pandemic to be documented since the 1918 flu pandemic. The virus spreads swiftly and evolves over time among humans because it is highly contagious. Since the virus is known to spread airborne, few of the most efficient ways to protect ourselves are by following social distance among individuals and to wear a face mask or shield at all times. These 2 conditions are not followed by some individuals even if the rules are set to be strict and it is impossible for the government to watch over everyone at all times. Companies and other sectors has to be allowed to operated even during the crisis due to economic factors. This is a risky situation for both the companies and the people. As a solution for this situation, a prototype is created to assist with social distance monitoring in public areas to reduce the risk of disease spread. The robot operates by using an Arduino MEGA, IR Sensors and Ultrasonic sensors. The robot comes with a robust and compact design to work in most places with the ability to follow a pre-determined path which gives it a tremendous market potential in all sorts of sectors that involves high number of employees or people.","PeriodicalId":407405,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Science and Advanced Technology","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133133564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-23DOI: 10.56532/mjsat.v2is1.120
P. L. Chong, Silvia Ganesan, Yin Ying Than, Parvenkummar Ravi
Security is essential in our daily lives, whether in a personal, home, business, or industrial setting. As a result, to ensure high security, a complicated surveillance system is required. This is typically not cost effective, necessitates more consumable electronic devices, requires more maintenance, and needs more storage space in settings. Hence, the goal of this research is to create a single, small, and simple IOT-based smart closed-circuit television (CCTV) control system. A low-cost smart security system can well be built using the Raspberry Pi microprocessor. The components involve are a camera, a sensor, and a Raspberry Pi board. The proposed smart surveillance system creates a comfortable and safe environment for households to initiate immediate recording of the surrounding upon triggering of sensors assemble at the specific entrance or exit points at home. Raspberry Pi microprocessor is used to be integrated with closed-circuit surveillance camera with motion detection, allowing smart automation of home surveillance system at a cost-effective manner. When the Raspberry Pi is connected to the Internet, the user may even remotely turn on or off the CCTV using the smartphone application. The system was tested with movement at the sensor from a range of distances based on the location setting. It can deliver the anticipated output such as alarm triggering, automated initiating recording of surrounding from the CCTV camera, sending an alert notification to the user's mobile phone, allowing monitoring of the location setting through the user's device, as well as turning off the CCTV camera through the user's device via the developed system.
{"title":"Designing an Autonomous Triggering Control System via Motion Detection for IoT Based Smart Home Surveillance CCTV Camera","authors":"P. L. Chong, Silvia Ganesan, Yin Ying Than, Parvenkummar Ravi","doi":"10.56532/mjsat.v2is1.120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56532/mjsat.v2is1.120","url":null,"abstract":"Security is essential in our daily lives, whether in a personal, home, business, or industrial setting. As a result, to ensure high security, a complicated surveillance system is required. This is typically not cost effective, necessitates more consumable electronic devices, requires more maintenance, and needs more storage space in settings. Hence, the goal of this research is to create a single, small, and simple IOT-based smart closed-circuit television (CCTV) control system. A low-cost smart security system can well be built using the Raspberry Pi microprocessor. The components involve are a camera, a sensor, and a Raspberry Pi board. The proposed smart surveillance system creates a comfortable and safe environment for households to initiate immediate recording of the surrounding upon triggering of sensors assemble at the specific entrance or exit points at home. Raspberry Pi microprocessor is used to be integrated with closed-circuit surveillance camera with motion detection, allowing smart automation of home surveillance system at a cost-effective manner. When the Raspberry Pi is connected to the Internet, the user may even remotely turn on or off the CCTV using the smartphone application. The system was tested with movement at the sensor from a range of distances based on the location setting. It can deliver the anticipated output such as alarm triggering, automated initiating recording of surrounding from the CCTV camera, sending an alert notification to the user's mobile phone, allowing monitoring of the location setting through the user's device, as well as turning off the CCTV camera through the user's device via the developed system.","PeriodicalId":407405,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Science and Advanced Technology","volume":"127 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121603295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Asian economies are passing through a challenging time especially after the global pandemic. After declaring bankruptcy by Pakistan followed by Sri Lanka, it has sent a shockwave across the globes to all Asian citizens worldwide, particularly to international students. This research conducted a mixed methodological approach by interviewing 10 Asian policymakers, 20 psychiatrists and 80 Malaysian international students in the United States. Verbatim expression was maintained for precision and focus group discussions were conducted for holistic analysis of the merging psychological concerns. The paper found Malaysian students are experiencing a high level of trauma since the event of Pakistan. A majority of the participants expressed their concerns regarding economic stability, and we found a high-volume growth in visit to psychological centre by the Malaysians recently. This research revealed policymakers are emphasizing on regaining economic stability rather than focusing on the mental health aspects. Further studies are to be conducted to understand the context holistically.
{"title":"Pakistan Declared Bankruptcy after Sri Lanka: What is Wrong with the Asian Economy? An In-depth Exploration of Psychological Well-being of International Malaysian Students in the United States in the Context of Emerging Economic Turbulence","authors":"Mohaimenul Islam Jowarder","doi":"10.56532/mjsat.v3i1.133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56532/mjsat.v3i1.133","url":null,"abstract":"Asian economies are passing through a challenging time especially after the global pandemic. After declaring bankruptcy by Pakistan followed by Sri Lanka, it has sent a shockwave across the globes to all Asian citizens worldwide, particularly to international students. This research conducted a mixed methodological approach by interviewing 10 Asian policymakers, 20 psychiatrists and 80 Malaysian international students in the United States. Verbatim expression was maintained for precision and focus group discussions were conducted for holistic analysis of the merging psychological concerns. The paper found Malaysian students are experiencing a high level of trauma since the event of Pakistan. A majority of the participants expressed their concerns regarding economic stability, and we found a high-volume growth in visit to psychological centre by the Malaysians recently. This research revealed policymakers are emphasizing on regaining economic stability rather than focusing on the mental health aspects. Further studies are to be conducted to understand the context holistically.","PeriodicalId":407405,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Science and Advanced Technology","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131039984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lee Chen Fei, Siti Husna Abdul Rahman, Krishnan Subramaniam, A. Zainuddin
The design of a full adder involves the use of logic gates so that the design can convert 8 inputs to create a byte-wide adder and to force the carry bit to the other adder. However, the uses of multiplexers to replace the logic gates in the construction of the full adder is proven to be possible due to the function of the multiplexers to act as the digital switch in the system that provides the flow of digital information from multiple inputs into an output. This research aims to explore the possibility of implementing the multiplexers into the design of the full adder and to analyse the different possible full adder design using the multiplexers. Using the multiplexers also allows for fewer logic gates to be used in the design of the full adder, which reduces the overall area coverage of the full adder. However, adding multiplexers does not make a complete adder more efficient and may slow it down. Thus, this article compares a conventional full adder with logic gates, a full adder with two 2:1 multiplexers, and a full adder with six 2:1 multiplexers in terms of power usage, time delay of the Sum and Carry outputs, and technology (0.6 μm).
{"title":"Design and Analysis of Full Adder Using 0.6 Micron CMOS Technology","authors":"Lee Chen Fei, Siti Husna Abdul Rahman, Krishnan Subramaniam, A. Zainuddin","doi":"10.56532/mjsat.v3i1.59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56532/mjsat.v3i1.59","url":null,"abstract":"The design of a full adder involves the use of logic gates so that the design can convert 8 inputs to create a byte-wide adder and to force the carry bit to the other adder. However, the uses of multiplexers to replace the logic gates in the construction of the full adder is proven to be possible due to the function of the multiplexers to act as the digital switch in the system that provides the flow of digital information from multiple inputs into an output. This research aims to explore the possibility of implementing the multiplexers into the design of the full adder and to analyse the different possible full adder design using the multiplexers. Using the multiplexers also allows for fewer logic gates to be used in the design of the full adder, which reduces the overall area coverage of the full adder. However, adding multiplexers does not make a complete adder more efficient and may slow it down. Thus, this article compares a conventional full adder with logic gates, a full adder with two 2:1 multiplexers, and a full adder with six 2:1 multiplexers in terms of power usage, time delay of the Sum and Carry outputs, and technology (0.6 μm).","PeriodicalId":407405,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Science and Advanced Technology","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124049619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zakaria Mohd Zain, Mir Akmam Noor Rashid, Ahsan Ali Khan
The process of using dielectric fluid combined with different types of powders to improve the output of the machined surface is known as powder-mixed electrical discharge machining (PMEDM). In the electrical discharge machining (EDM) industry, this procedure is quickly gaining popularity. This investigation's goal is to ascertain whether tantalum carbide (TaC) powder-mixed dielectric fluid can reduce tool wear during the subsequent EDM machining of stainless-steel material. Two different EDM medium's tool wear rates and mathematical models were investigated during the machining. TaC powder at a concentration of 25.0 g/L in kerosene dielectric fluid was used for the machining process. The peak current, pulse on time, and pulse off time were the machining variables used. These variables' effects on the copper based EDMed electrode tools TWR were identified. The TWR for stainless steel (SUS 304) during electrical discharge machining was reduced by 37.9% when TaC powder additive was used, according to the results, demonstrating the effectiveness of this alternative method for reducing tool wear. The most influential factor, according to the tool wear ratio model for EDM with TaC powder additive (TWRPMEDM), is current, followed by pulse on-time and pulse off-time.
{"title":"Analysis and Modeling of Tool Wear Rate in Powder Mix EDM and Pure EDM Using Central Composite Design","authors":"Zakaria Mohd Zain, Mir Akmam Noor Rashid, Ahsan Ali Khan","doi":"10.56532/mjsat.v3i1.128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56532/mjsat.v3i1.128","url":null,"abstract":"The process of using dielectric fluid combined with different types of powders to improve the output of the machined surface is known as powder-mixed electrical discharge machining (PMEDM). In the electrical discharge machining (EDM) industry, this procedure is quickly gaining popularity. This investigation's goal is to ascertain whether tantalum carbide (TaC) powder-mixed dielectric fluid can reduce tool wear during the subsequent EDM machining of stainless-steel material. Two different EDM medium's tool wear rates and mathematical models were investigated during the machining. TaC powder at a concentration of 25.0 g/L in kerosene dielectric fluid was used for the machining process. The peak current, pulse on time, and pulse off time were the machining variables used. These variables' effects on the copper based EDMed electrode tools TWR were identified. The TWR for stainless steel (SUS 304) during electrical discharge machining was reduced by 37.9% when TaC powder additive was used, according to the results, demonstrating the effectiveness of this alternative method for reducing tool wear. The most influential factor, according to the tool wear ratio model for EDM with TaC powder additive (TWRPMEDM), is current, followed by pulse on-time and pulse off-time.","PeriodicalId":407405,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Science and Advanced Technology","volume":"9 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120851753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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