Visually impaired people face a lot of challenges while choosing clothes with complex patterns and colors. Rotation, scaling and variation in the light makes the cloth recognition problem a challenging task. An automatic cloth pattern recognition technique to classify the patterns into four classes namely plaid, striped, irregular and Patternless is developed using image processing, machine learning and deep learning concepts in this work. MATLAB is used as the simulation tool of choice. Color classification is done with the help of Hue Saturation Intensity (HSI) color model. To recognize clothing patterns, global and local features are extracted. Features extracted include Radon signatures and Grey Level Co-occurrence matrix. Pattern recognition has been done with the help of machine algorithms such as KNN, SVM, and deep learning networks such as AlexNet, GoogleNet, VGG-16 and VGG-19. To evaluate the effectiveness of the algorithms, CCNY Clothing Pattern data-set has been used. The maximum accuracy of 97.9% was obtained using the VGG-19 deep neural network.
{"title":"Cloth Pattern Recognition Using Machine Learning and Neural Network","authors":"Sreemathy R, M. Turuk, S. Khurana","doi":"10.56532/mjsat.v2i1.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56532/mjsat.v2i1.32","url":null,"abstract":"Visually impaired people face a lot of challenges while choosing clothes with complex patterns and colors. Rotation, scaling and variation in the light makes the cloth recognition problem a challenging task. An automatic cloth pattern recognition technique to classify the patterns into four classes namely plaid, striped, irregular and Patternless is developed using image processing, machine learning and deep learning concepts in this work. MATLAB is used as the simulation tool of choice. Color classification is done with the help of Hue Saturation Intensity (HSI) color model. To recognize clothing patterns, global and local features are extracted. Features extracted include Radon signatures and Grey Level Co-occurrence matrix. Pattern recognition has been done with the help of machine algorithms such as KNN, SVM, and deep learning networks such as AlexNet, GoogleNet, VGG-16 and VGG-19. To evaluate the effectiveness of the algorithms, CCNY Clothing Pattern data-set has been used. The maximum accuracy of 97.9% was obtained using the VGG-19 deep neural network.","PeriodicalId":407405,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Science and Advanced Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134416373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and genetically modified (GM) foods were doubted for creating an adverse health problem for humans and animals besides causing severe environmental impacts. However, such allegations were mostly made based on inaccurate scientific data. Consequently, GM foods face blatant rejections from the public member. On the other hand, there is a rising concern for sustainable food supply to the increasing world population, and if no mitigation is taken, it may lead to severe malnutrition problems in future. As GM foods can be an ideal solution for world hunger and malnourishment problems, the misconceptions surrounding them must be first resolved. Every country that approved GMOs and GM foods has set up regulatory bodies besides enacting laws and ordinances to safeguard its citizens. In Malaysia, the Malaysian Biosafety Act and other governing bodies such as National Biosafety Board (NBB) and Genetic Modification Advisory Committee (GMAC) have played a pivotal role in ensuring the containment of GMOs and GM foods from accidental release to the environment. Despite the well-regulated plot, Malaysians are still reluctant to accept GMOs and GM foods. Thus, every stakeholder and media must play a crucial role to curb GMOs' negative image from spreading to the public.
{"title":"Perception and Acceptance of Genetically Modified Foods in Malaysia","authors":"Sharmithaa Sanmugam, Suweka Sivakumar, Tejaswini Gobalakrishnan, Thatchaayinee Sarawanan, Pasan Rashmi Abeweera, P. Sandrasaigaran","doi":"10.56532/mjsat.v1i4.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56532/mjsat.v1i4.29","url":null,"abstract":"Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and genetically modified (GM) foods were doubted for creating an adverse health problem for humans and animals besides causing severe environmental impacts. However, such allegations were mostly made based on inaccurate scientific data. Consequently, GM foods face blatant rejections from the public member. On the other hand, there is a rising concern for sustainable food supply to the increasing world population, and if no mitigation is taken, it may lead to severe malnutrition problems in future. As GM foods can be an ideal solution for world hunger and malnourishment problems, the misconceptions surrounding them must be first resolved. Every country that approved GMOs and GM foods has set up regulatory bodies besides enacting laws and ordinances to safeguard its citizens. In Malaysia, the Malaysian Biosafety Act and other governing bodies such as National Biosafety Board (NBB) and Genetic Modification Advisory Committee (GMAC) have played a pivotal role in ensuring the containment of GMOs and GM foods from accidental release to the environment. Despite the well-regulated plot, Malaysians are still reluctant to accept GMOs and GM foods. Thus, every stakeholder and media must play a crucial role to curb GMOs' negative image from spreading to the public.","PeriodicalId":407405,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Science and Advanced Technology","volume":"4 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123529324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Saidu, Olanrewaju Abiola Salau, N. Abdullahi, Aishatu Bello Mahmoud
Wastewater is untreated water that has high amount of nutrients such as nitrate, phosphate, ammonium and chemical oxygen demand (COD). When it is discharged into watercourse, it affects human and aquatic biota. The application of photosynthetic bacteria is considered bio-friendly system than the conventional one. Hence, the present study investigates the effectiveness of robust strain of photosynthetic bacteria for nitrate removal under different concentrations of 85, 135, 190, 235 and 320 mg/L. Serial dilution techniques was used for the isolation of the bacteria. The results showed that three bacterial isolate were obtained and were both screened for nitrate reduction ability. The isolate was able to remove 91, 90, 71, 67 and 55% of nitrate at 85, 135, 190, 235 and 320 mg/L respectively. The bacteriochlorophyll of the isolate was detected at peak range between 689-710 nm. The morphological, physiological and biochemical characterization showed that the isolate was identified as Rhodopseudomonas sp. The nutrient removal yield of the nitrate under different concentrations was found to be at range of 0.01- 0.033 g-1 DCW g-1 NO3.- This study suggested that the strain could be used as an efficient bacterial candidate for the treatment of wastewater containing high amount of nitrate.
{"title":"Isolation of Photosynthetic Bacteria from Coal Mining Site Having Potential for Nitrate Removal","authors":"H. Saidu, Olanrewaju Abiola Salau, N. Abdullahi, Aishatu Bello Mahmoud","doi":"10.56532/mjsat.v1i4.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56532/mjsat.v1i4.27","url":null,"abstract":"Wastewater is untreated water that has high amount of nutrients such as nitrate, phosphate, ammonium and chemical oxygen demand (COD). When it is discharged into watercourse, it affects human and aquatic biota. The application of photosynthetic bacteria is considered bio-friendly system than the conventional one. Hence, the present study investigates the effectiveness of robust strain of photosynthetic bacteria for nitrate removal under different concentrations of 85, 135, 190, 235 and 320 mg/L. Serial dilution techniques was used for the isolation of the bacteria. The results showed that three bacterial isolate were obtained and were both screened for nitrate reduction ability. The isolate was able to remove 91, 90, 71, 67 and 55% of nitrate at 85, 135, 190, 235 and 320 mg/L respectively. The bacteriochlorophyll of the isolate was detected at peak range between 689-710 nm. The morphological, physiological and biochemical characterization showed that the isolate was identified as Rhodopseudomonas sp. The nutrient removal yield of the nitrate under different concentrations was found to be at range of 0.01- 0.033 g-1 DCW g-1 NO3.- This study suggested that the strain could be used as an efficient bacterial candidate for the treatment of wastewater containing high amount of nitrate.","PeriodicalId":407405,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Science and Advanced Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130702713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Harishaa Thangarajan, Sivainesh Devi Remesh, Prissha Suraish Kumar, Arvind Raj Ravi Chandran, Shaarmila Rajaendran, P. Sandrasaigaran
The world food production may not support the population that is growing at an exponential rate. Genetically modified crops and foods may therefore provide solutions for such shortcomings. However, uncertainties and myths such as the socio-economic impact of genetically modified foods on humans, the environmental and health risks may impede the use of these foods and instil fear among the public. Contrarily, it was learned that genetically modified crops and foods were generally deliver a positive outlook as they improved the socio-economic qualities in the farmers of third world countries. Besides, it was also noted that the genetically modified crops and foods impose a minimal adverse effect on the environment and human health while more benefits were attested. As genetically modified crops and foods seem to be more advantageous to humanity in general, long-term studies and meta-analyses are still required to ascertain the safety of these genetically modified organisms as staple foods.
{"title":"Genetically Modified Foods for Sustainable Food Security: Debunking the Myths","authors":"Harishaa Thangarajan, Sivainesh Devi Remesh, Prissha Suraish Kumar, Arvind Raj Ravi Chandran, Shaarmila Rajaendran, P. Sandrasaigaran","doi":"10.56532/mjsat.v1i4.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56532/mjsat.v1i4.28","url":null,"abstract":"The world food production may not support the population that is growing at an exponential rate. Genetically modified crops and foods may therefore provide solutions for such shortcomings. However, uncertainties and myths such as the socio-economic impact of genetically modified foods on humans, the environmental and health risks may impede the use of these foods and instil fear among the public. Contrarily, it was learned that genetically modified crops and foods were generally deliver a positive outlook as they improved the socio-economic qualities in the farmers of third world countries. Besides, it was also noted that the genetically modified crops and foods impose a minimal adverse effect on the environment and human health while more benefits were attested. As genetically modified crops and foods seem to be more advantageous to humanity in general, long-term studies and meta-analyses are still required to ascertain the safety of these genetically modified organisms as staple foods.","PeriodicalId":407405,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Science and Advanced Technology","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126083621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper investigated the impact of various keystroke dynamics features on a predictive biometric system. In this paper, keystroke dynamics data of 50 individuals have been acquired using an open-source data software application on an Android smartphone. A total number of 21 commonly used keystroke dynamics features were extracted from the raw data. The collected data was used in training a Random Forest algorithm using four different training sample sizes while the remaining portion of the data was used for classification. The algorithm was then used to determine the importance of 21 different keystroke dynamics features. The results showed that each features offers varying degree of importance in age-group and gender predictions. While such efforts have been made in the area of predictive keystroke dynamics using computer keyboards, literature on the same topic using touchscreen smartphone virtual keyboards have been limited.
{"title":"Predicting Age Group and Gender of Smartphone Users Using Keystroke Biometrics","authors":"Oyebola Olasupo, A. Adesina","doi":"10.56532/mjsat.v1i4.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56532/mjsat.v1i4.24","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigated the impact of various keystroke dynamics features on a predictive biometric system. In this paper, keystroke dynamics data of 50 individuals have been acquired using an open-source data software application on an Android smartphone. A total number of 21 commonly used keystroke dynamics features were extracted from the raw data. The collected data was used in training a Random Forest algorithm using four different training sample sizes while the remaining portion of the data was used for classification. The algorithm was then used to determine the importance of 21 different keystroke dynamics features. The results showed that each features offers varying degree of importance in age-group and gender predictions. While such efforts have been made in the area of predictive keystroke dynamics using computer keyboards, literature on the same topic using touchscreen smartphone virtual keyboards have been limited.","PeriodicalId":407405,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Science and Advanced Technology","volume":"397 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131989143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ahmad Fahim Naqib, Ahmad Faisal, Jabbar Al-Fattah, Yahaya
There has been a serious increment in solid waste in the past decades due to rapid urbanization and industrialization. Therefore, it becomes a big issue and challenges which need to have a great concern, as accumulation of solid waste would result in environmental pollution. Recycling is a method which has been prominent in order to deal with the problems, as it is assumed to be economically and environmentally beneficial. It is important to have a wide number of intelligent waste management system and several methods to overcome this challenge. This journal explores the application of image processing techniques in recyclable variety type of dry waste. An automated vision-based recognition system is modelled on image analysis which involves image acquisition, feature extraction, and classification. In this study, an intelligent waste material classification system is proposed to extract features from each dry waste image. The Quadratic Support Vector Machine, Cubic Support Vector Machine, Fine K-Nearest Neighbor, and Weighted K-Nearest Neighbor were used to classify the waste into different type such as bottle, tin, crumble, and flat waste sample. A Quadratic Support Vector Machine (QSVM) classifier led to promising results with accuracy of training, 89.7%.
{"title":"Dry Waste Classification Using Quadratic Support Vector Machine for Intelligent Waste Management System","authors":"Ahmad Fahim Naqib, Ahmad Faisal, Jabbar Al-Fattah, Yahaya","doi":"10.56532/mjsat.v1i4.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56532/mjsat.v1i4.13","url":null,"abstract":"There has been a serious increment in solid waste in the past decades due to rapid urbanization and industrialization. Therefore, it becomes a big issue and challenges which need to have a great concern, as accumulation of solid waste would result in environmental pollution. Recycling is a method which has been prominent in order to deal with the problems, as it is assumed to be economically and environmentally beneficial. It is important to have a wide number of intelligent waste management system and several methods to overcome this challenge. This journal explores the application of image processing techniques in recyclable variety type of dry waste. An automated vision-based recognition system is modelled on image analysis which involves image acquisition, feature extraction, and classification. In this study, an intelligent waste material classification system is proposed to extract features from each dry waste image. The Quadratic Support Vector Machine, Cubic Support Vector Machine, Fine K-Nearest Neighbor, and Weighted K-Nearest Neighbor were used to classify the waste into different type such as bottle, tin, crumble, and flat waste sample. A Quadratic Support Vector Machine (QSVM) classifier led to promising results with accuracy of training, 89.7%.","PeriodicalId":407405,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Science and Advanced Technology","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116195834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. N. Abed, Ghassan Sabeeh Mahmood, Noor Hasan Hassoon
Cloud computing is a model for providing online services. These services can be accessed on a pay-per-use basis from anywhere at any time. However, data security in the cloud has become a very big problem. A major concern about data security is the cloud service provider (CSP), which has access to data, which in turn increases user concerns and reduces cloud capacity in many areas such as medical record databases and financial data. The problem of data security mainly affects the use of cloud computing by users and organizations. The current research on data protection has been done in multi-cloud computing so that CSPs do not have direct access to the data. In this paper, a secure and efficient cloud data system is proposed in order to ensure data confidentiality and integrity by encrypting the image using DNA encoding combined with the logistical map and spatial map. The encrypted image is then divided into chunks before being stored in the multi-cloud to ensure the confidentiality of the data. The hash value is calculated using the Message Digest (MD5) algorithm to verify the integrity of the data. The proposed system also supports efficient updating of outsourced data. For the security analysis, many experiments were conducted to ensure the confidentiality and privacy of data in a multi-cloud environment, where files of different sizes were used, and the analysis showed that the proposed system is more secure. On the other hand, conducted several tests to analyse performance with dynamic data support and latency, where the analysis showed that the results are at the required level. Finally, through a comprehensive analysis of security and performance, the proposed system is proven to be more secure in a multi-cloud environment and that the system is highly efficient
{"title":"A Secure and Efficient Data Distribution System in a Multi-Cloud Environment","authors":"H. N. Abed, Ghassan Sabeeh Mahmood, Noor Hasan Hassoon","doi":"10.1511/MJSAT.V1I3.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1511/MJSAT.V1I3.21","url":null,"abstract":"Cloud computing is a model for providing online services. These services can be accessed on a pay-per-use basis from anywhere at any time. However, data security in the cloud has become a very big problem. A major concern about data security is the cloud service provider (CSP), which has access to data, which in turn increases user concerns and reduces cloud capacity in many areas such as medical record databases and financial data. The problem of data security mainly affects the use of cloud computing by users and organizations. The current research on data protection has been done in multi-cloud computing so that CSPs do not have direct access to the data. In this paper, a secure and efficient cloud data system is proposed in order to ensure data confidentiality and integrity by encrypting the image using DNA encoding combined with the logistical map and spatial map. The encrypted image is then divided into chunks before being stored in the multi-cloud to ensure the confidentiality of the data. The hash value is calculated using the Message Digest (MD5) algorithm to verify the integrity of the data. The proposed system also supports efficient updating of outsourced data. For the security analysis, many experiments were conducted to ensure the confidentiality and privacy of data in a multi-cloud environment, where files of different sizes were used, and the analysis showed that the proposed system is more secure. On the other hand, conducted several tests to analyse performance with dynamic data support and latency, where the analysis showed that the results are at the required level. Finally, through a comprehensive analysis of security and performance, the proposed system is proven to be more secure in a multi-cloud environment and that the system is highly efficient","PeriodicalId":407405,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Science and Advanced Technology","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127693497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Home security by itself is very costly and not many people, especially those who are living in rural or sub urban areas, are able to afford it. Hired security guards or even guard dogs are also slowly losing their usability and credibility in an age where burglars are sneakier, stealthier, and more technologically equipped to disable alarm systems. The Security Patrolling Robot vehicle moves in a set path while keeping its “eyes” peeled for any non-recognized intruders. The planned framework will utilize an infrared-based sensor following framework for supervision of various designated zones. The development of a robot is additionally controlled consequently through obstacle recognizing sensors to stay away from to avoid unnecessary collisions and possible damage to the robot. The working principle of the robot is that it screens every zone to recognize any interruptions, which is achieved utilizing a camera which is mounted on top of the robot to record the surveillance for the viewing of the client. The principal goal of this undertaking is to recognize the worrying exercises in the regions where the human presence cannot be detected. This robot will become a great contribution to the community. It is easily operated and can be handled by senior citizens, who may or may not be proficient with technology.
{"title":"Review of New Trends and Challenges of Android-Based Home Security Robot","authors":"Suraj Ashwath Rajiv, Ahmad Anwar Zainuddin","doi":"10.56532/mjsat.v1i3.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56532/mjsat.v1i3.20","url":null,"abstract":"Home security by itself is very costly and not many people, especially those who are living in rural or sub urban areas, are able to afford it. Hired security guards or even guard dogs are also slowly losing their usability and credibility in an age where burglars are sneakier, stealthier, and more technologically equipped to disable alarm systems. The Security Patrolling Robot vehicle moves in a set path while keeping its “eyes” peeled for any non-recognized intruders. The planned framework will utilize an infrared-based sensor following framework for supervision of various designated zones. The development of a robot is additionally controlled consequently through obstacle recognizing sensors to stay away from to avoid unnecessary collisions and possible damage to the robot. The working principle of the robot is that it screens every zone to recognize any interruptions, which is achieved utilizing a camera which is mounted on top of the robot to record the surveillance for the viewing of the client. The principal goal of this undertaking is to recognize the worrying exercises in the regions where the human presence cannot be detected. This robot will become a great contribution to the community. It is easily operated and can be handled by senior citizens, who may or may not be proficient with technology.","PeriodicalId":407405,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Science and Advanced Technology","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114156102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As technology advances, the combined compactness of transistors also increases. Portable electronics such as cellphones, notebooks, and laptops are in high demand. The enhanced innovation reduces the feature value for this compact design. Devices with a small feature set require less electricity to operate. The edge voltage is reduced when the power source is reduced. Low-limit devices perform better, but in such a deep submicron domain, sub-edge leakage current is critical. As a result, architects should focus on decreasing leakage. Several field workers have presented divergent ideas to explain this. A 4-bit static RAM cell using the reduction of the leakage power consumption (sleepy stack) technique and the 4-bit DRAM is proposed in this paper. The RAMs' schematic was produced using DSCH, and their layout was built using MICROWIND. Improved power consumption in static random-access memory by combining a sleepy stack with a keeper strategy and constructing a 4-bit dynamic random-access memory was explained as a result of this research. According to the findings, the higher the technology used, the higher the power consumption. On the other hand, after assessing the results, SRAM uses less electricity and has more transistors per memory.
{"title":"Design and Optimization of 4-BIT Static RAM and 4-BIT Dynamic RAM for Compact and Portable Devices","authors":"Nuaomi Jusat, Ahmad Anwar Zainuddin","doi":"10.56532/mjsat.v1i3.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56532/mjsat.v1i3.19","url":null,"abstract":"As technology advances, the combined compactness of transistors also increases. Portable electronics such as cellphones, notebooks, and laptops are in high demand. The enhanced innovation reduces the feature value for this compact design. Devices with a small feature set require less electricity to operate. The edge voltage is reduced when the power source is reduced. Low-limit devices perform better, but in such a deep submicron domain, sub-edge leakage current is critical. As a result, architects should focus on decreasing leakage. Several field workers have presented divergent ideas to explain this. A 4-bit static RAM cell using the reduction of the leakage power consumption (sleepy stack) technique and the 4-bit DRAM is proposed in this paper. The RAMs' schematic was produced using DSCH, and their layout was built using MICROWIND. Improved power consumption in static random-access memory by combining a sleepy stack with a keeper strategy and constructing a 4-bit dynamic random-access memory was explained as a result of this research. According to the findings, the higher the technology used, the higher the power consumption. On the other hand, after assessing the results, SRAM uses less electricity and has more transistors per memory.","PeriodicalId":407405,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Science and Advanced Technology","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132813890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Malcolm Rozario, Ahmad Anwar Zainuddin, Sehan Amandu Gamage
Recently, there has been an increase in the use of technology such as Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) in the healthcare sector. Hence, this research goal is to understand the benefits, challenges, and trends associated with this technology in this sector. Moreover, other technology such as Internet of Things (IoT) and Augmented Reality (AR) also has been reviewed. Articles related to the use of AI and ML has been collected, reviewed, and compared. The AI and ML trend in healthcare sector mainly used to improve the accuracy and computational speed of analysis. Although, the increase of latest technology able to improve the healthcare sector, it should be implemented effectively and maintain compliance with the legal, ethical, quality, and security standards.
{"title":"Artificial Intelligence and Machine learning in the Healthcare Sector: A Review","authors":"Malcolm Rozario, Ahmad Anwar Zainuddin, Sehan Amandu Gamage","doi":"10.56532/mjsat.v1i3.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56532/mjsat.v1i3.18","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, there has been an increase in the use of technology such as Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) in the healthcare sector. Hence, this research goal is to understand the benefits, challenges, and trends associated with this technology in this sector. Moreover, other technology such as Internet of Things (IoT) and Augmented Reality (AR) also has been reviewed. Articles related to the use of AI and ML has been collected, reviewed, and compared. The AI and ML trend in healthcare sector mainly used to improve the accuracy and computational speed of analysis. Although, the increase of latest technology able to improve the healthcare sector, it should be implemented effectively and maintain compliance with the legal, ethical, quality, and security standards.","PeriodicalId":407405,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Science and Advanced Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130668912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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