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Discharge Follow-Up of Patients in Primary Care Does Not Meet Their Care Needs: Results of a Longitudinal Multicentre Study. 初级医疗患者的出院随访不能满足他们的护理需求:一项纵向多中心研究的结果。
IF 2.4 Q1 NURSING Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.3390/nursrep14030180
Noelia López-Luis, Cristobalina Rodríguez-Álvarez, Angeles Arias, Armando Aguirre-Jaime

Adequate coordination between healthcare levels has been proven to improve clinical indicators, care costs, and user satisfaction. This is more relevant to complex or vulnerable patients, who often require increased care. This study aims to evaluate the differences between hospital discharge follow-up indicators, including number of general practitioners' (GPs) and community nurses' (CNs) consultations, presentiality of consultations, type of first post-discharge consultation, and time between hospital discharge and first consultation. Vulnerable and non-vulnerable patients were compared. A longitudinal retrospective study was carried out in the north of Tenerife on the post-discharge care of patients discharged from the Canary Islands University Hospital (Spanish acronym HUC) between 1 January 2018 and 31 December 2022. The results obtained show deficiencies in the care provided to patients by primary care (PC) after being discharged from the hospital, including delayed first visits, low presentiality of those visits that were less frequent even with increased patient complexity, scarce first home visits to functionally impaired patients and delays in such visits, and a lack of priority visits to patients with increased follow-up needs. Addressing these deficiencies could help those most in need of care to receive PC, thus reducing inequalities and granting equal access to healthcare services in Spain.

事实证明,医疗保健各层面之间的充分协调可改善临床指标、护理成本和用户满意度。这与复杂或弱势患者的情况更为相关,因为他们往往需要更多的护理。本研究旨在评估出院随访指标之间的差异,包括全科医生(GPs)和社区护士(CNs)会诊次数、会诊时间、出院后首次会诊类型以及出院与首次会诊之间的时间间隔。对弱势患者和非弱势患者进行了比较。在特内里费岛北部开展了一项纵向回顾性研究,研究对象是2018年1月1日至2022年12月31日期间从加那利群岛大学医院(西班牙文缩写为HUC)出院的患者。研究结果表明,初级医疗机构(PC)在为出院患者提供护理服务方面存在不足,包括首次探访延迟、探访次数较少(即使患者复杂程度增加)、对功能受损患者的首次家访次数较少且探访延迟,以及对后续需求增加的患者缺乏优先探访。解决这些问题可以帮助那些最需要护理的人获得个人护理,从而减少不平等现象,使西班牙人能够平等地获得医疗保健服务。
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引用次数: 0
Validation of Two Questionnaires Assessing Nurses' Perspectives on Addressing Psychological, Social, and Spiritual Challenges in Palliative Care Patients. 对两份问卷进行验证,评估护士在应对姑息治疗患者的心理、社会和精神挑战方面的观点。
IF 2.4 Q1 NURSING Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.3390/nursrep14030179
Vesna Antičević, Ana Ćurković, Linda Lušić Kalcina

Background: Palliative care provides holistic support, addressing physical, psychological, social, emotional, and spiritual dimensions of suffering, known as "total pain", to improve patients' quality of life. Patients often rely on healthcare professionals, particularly nurses, for support. This study aimed to develop and validate questionnaires assessing nurses' perceptions of psychological, social, and spiritual issues in palliative care and their effectiveness in managing them.

Methods: Two self-rated questionnaires were created: the Psychological, Social, and Spiritual Problems of Palliative Patients' Questionnaire and the Effectiveness in Coping with the Psychological, Social, and Spiritual Challenges of Palliative Care Patients. The study surveyed 237 nurses caring for palliative patients in Split Dalmatian County, Croatia.

Results: The questionnaires demonstrated high reliability with Cronbach's α values of 0.98 and 0.99. Factor analysis revealed four factors for the first questionnaire and three for the second. Nurses primarily perceived patients as experiencing fear and emotional/spiritual suffering, with the greatest difficulty coping with the fear of the disease outcomes. Nurses acknowledged the need for improvement in addressing patient challenges, highlighting gaps in the Croatian system.

Conclusions: Ongoing efforts are crucial to prioritize palliative care globally, with nursing professionals playing a vital role in symptom management.

背景:姑息关怀提供全面的支持,从生理、心理、社会、情感和精神等方面解决痛苦,即所谓的 "全痛",以提高患者的生活质量。患者通常依赖于医护人员,尤其是护士的支持。本研究旨在开发和验证调查问卷,评估护士对姑息关怀中心理、社会和精神问题的看法以及处理这些问题的有效性:制作了两份自评问卷:《姑息治疗患者的心理、社会和精神问题问卷》和《应对姑息治疗患者的心理、社会和精神挑战的有效性问卷》。研究调查了克罗地亚斯普利特达尔马提亚县 237 名护理姑息治疗患者的护士:结果:问卷显示出较高的可靠性,Cronbach's α 值分别为 0.98 和 0.99。因子分析显示,第一份问卷有四个因子,第二份问卷有三个因子。护士主要认为患者经历了恐惧和情感/精神痛苦,其中应对疾病结果的恐惧最为困难。护士们承认在应对病人的挑战方面需要改进,这凸显了克罗地亚系统的不足:持续的努力对于在全球范围内优先考虑姑息关怀至关重要,而护理专业人员在症状管理方面发挥着至关重要的作用。
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引用次数: 0
Design, Implementation, and Adaptation of a Tutoring Program for the Competency Development of New Nurses in a Hospital Emergency Department. 医院急诊科新护士能力发展辅导计划的设计、实施和调整。
IF 2.4 Q1 NURSING Pub Date : 2024-09-14 DOI: 10.3390/nursrep14030176
Marta Manero-Solanas, Noelia Navamuel-Castillo, Silvia Garcés-Horna, Nieves López-Ibort, Carmen Angustias Gómez-Baca, Ana Gascón-Catalán

The healthcare environment faced by nurses is complex, with high workloads and situations of high comorbidity. The integration of nurses into the work environment is a cause for concern, and improvements are sought for their incorporation into the workforce. The benefits of mentoring programs are described not only for nurses but also for patients with safer practices and benefits for the institution due to the increased commitment of its professionals. A methodological article that illustrates the complete process to design and implement a tutoring program for new nurses in an emergency department is presented. The competency profile required for the figure of tutor was developed, including the steps followed for the development of the program and the structure and phases of which it is composed, as well as the validation of the evaluation instruments of the process. A strength was the participation of experts during the in-depth analysis of the competency profile, as well as in the adaptation of the evaluation items, which endorses the pertinence, relevance, usefulness, and clarity of the content of this program. The transparency in this methodology makes it possible to follow the steps for its reproduction and applicability in other hospitals.

护士面临的医疗环境十分复杂,工作量大,合并症多。护士融入工作环境是一个令人担忧的问题,因此要寻求改进办法,使他们融入工作队伍。指导计划的好处不仅体现在护士身上,还体现在病人身上,因为他们的做法更安全,而且机构也因专业人员的投入增加而受益。文章从方法论的角度阐述了为急诊科新护士设计和实施辅导计划的完整过程。文章阐述了辅导员的能力要求,包括制定计划的步骤、计划的结构和阶段,以及过程评估工具的验证。一个优势是专家们参与了对能力概况的深入分析,以及对评估项目的调整,这证明了该计划内容的针对性、相关性、实用性和清晰性。该方法的透明性使得在其他医院复制和应用该方法成为可能。
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引用次数: 0
Nursing Interventions in Primary Care for the Management of Maladaptive Grief: A Scoping Review. 在初级保健中对适应不良的悲伤进行护理干预:范围综述》。
IF 2.4 Q1 NURSING Pub Date : 2024-09-14 DOI: 10.3390/nursrep14030178
Martín Rodríguez-Álvaro, Pedro Ruymán Brito-Brito, Alfonso Miguel García-Hernández, Irayma Galdona-Luis, Claudio Alberto Rodríguez-Suárez

Grief is a natural and self-limited adaptation process to a new reality that emerges after a significant loss (whether real or perceived), with a broad variety of manifestations that exert an impact on a grieving person's health. The study aim was to synthesize the evidence available about the interventions carried out by Primary Health Care nurses, by means of an individual approach to reduce maladaptive grief or maladaptive grief risk. A scoping review was conducted (November and December 2023) through searches in Medline, Cinahl, Web of Science, ProQuest and Scopus using MeSH terms combined with Booleans. Primary research of any design in adult people undergoing grief situations and receiving professional assistance by nurses in the primary, home and community care contexts published after 2009 in English, Spanish or Portuguese languages were included. Excluded publications were those conducted in in-hospital clinical settings and which did not correspond to research designs or the gray literature. The screening process was carried out by two reviewers using the appropriate JBI critical appraisal tools for each design and discrepancies were resolved by a third reviewer. A total of n = 10 studies were included (n = 4 qualitative, n = 2 RCTs, n = 1 quasi-experimental, n = 2 cross-sectional observational, and n = 2 mixed methods). The qualitative studies identified topics and subtopics of professionals' and families' experiences of grief. The observational studies analyzed symptoms and factors associated with the grieving process. Interventions consisted of cognitive-behavioral therapies delivered by psychological specialists who assessed the severity of grief in a range of cultural contexts using different instruments. The evidence retrieved from the studies that address the reduction in maladaptive grief or maladaptive grief risk is not conclusive. There is a need to increase both the number and the methodological quality of studies assessing the effectiveness of Nursing care in Primary Health Care for individuals experiencing maladaptive grief or maladaptive grief risk. Further research should focus on experimental studies, developing specific interventions conducted by nurses to address individual's grief and prevent maladaptive grief.

悲伤是在遭受重大损失(无论是真实的还是感知到的)后对新现实的一种自然的、自我限制的适应过程,其表现形式多种多样,会对悲伤者的健康产生影响。本研究的目的是综合现有证据,了解初级卫生保健护士通过个人方法进行干预,以减少适应不良的悲伤或适应不良的悲伤风险的情况。我们使用 MeSH 术语结合布尔值在 Medline、Cinahl、Web of Science、ProQuest 和 Scopus 中进行了一次范围审查(2023 年 11 月和 12 月)。检索对象包括 2009 年以后发表的以英语、西班牙语或葡萄牙语撰写的、针对在初级、家庭和社区护理环境中经历悲伤并接受护士专业协助的成年人的任何设计的初步研究。不包括那些在医院临床环境中进行的、不符合研究设计或灰色文献的出版物。筛选过程由两名审稿人使用适当的 JBI 批判性评价工具对每种设计进行筛选,不一致之处由第三名审稿人解决。共纳入 n = 10 项研究(n = 4 项定性研究、n = 2 项研究性对照研究、n = 1 项准实验研究、n = 2 项横断面观察研究和 n = 2 项混合方法研究)。定性研究确定了专业人员和家庭悲伤经历的主题和副主题。观察性研究分析了与悲伤过程相关的症状和因素。干预措施包括由心理专家提供的认知行为疗法,心理专家使用不同的工具评估各种文化背景下悲伤的严重程度。从有关减少适应不良性悲伤或适应不良性悲伤风险的研究中获得的证据并不确凿。有必要增加评估初级医疗护理对经历适应不良性悲伤或适应不良性悲伤风险的个人的护理效果的研究数量,并提高研究方法的质量。进一步的研究应侧重于实验研究,制定由护士进行的具体干预措施,以解决个人的悲伤和预防适应不良的悲伤。
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引用次数: 0
Legacy in End-of-Life Care: A Concept Analysis. 临终关怀中的遗产:概念分析。
IF 2.4 Q1 NURSING Pub Date : 2024-09-14 DOI: 10.3390/nursrep14030177
Carolina Timóteo, Joel Vitorino, Amira Mohammed Ali, Carlos Laranjeira

Comprehending the significance of legacy in end-of-life (EoL) situations helps palliative care professionals enhance person-centered outcomes for those with a life-threatening illness and their families. Our purpose was to conduct a concept analysis of legacy in EoL care. By employing Walker and Avant's approach, we identified the concept's defining characteristics. Subsequently, we established the antecedents, consequences, and empirical referents. After conducting a thorough review of titles and abstracts, a total of 30 publications were analyzed. These articles were sourced from three databases (CINAHL, Medline via PubMed, and Scopus) from 2002 to 2023. Our analysis identified several core attributes of legacy: (a) leave behind something of value that transcends death; (b) determine how people want to be remembered; (c) build and bestow across generations; (d) integrate advance care planning through EoL conversations and shared decision-making; and (e) develop strategies of dignity-conserving care. The consequences are related to improvements in spiritual and subjective well-being; coping with inevitable EoL existential issues; decreases in EoL suffering; engendering self-awareness, hope, gratitude, and peace; achieving and maintaining dignity; creating good memories; promoting mutually constructive and transformative relationships; and fostering the adjustment of bereaved people. Nevertheless, further effort is required to implement the key attributes of legacy that form the basis for creating legacy-oriented interventions near the EoL.

理解遗产在生命末期(EoL)情况下的意义有助于姑息关怀专业人员为那些罹患危及生命疾病的患者及其家属提高以人为本的疗效。我们的目的是对临终关怀中的遗产进行概念分析。通过采用 Walker 和 Avant 的方法,我们确定了这一概念的定义特征。随后,我们确定了前因、后果和经验参照物。在对标题和摘要进行全面审查后,我们共分析了 30 篇出版物。这些文章来自 2002 年至 2023 年的三个数据库(CINAHL、Medline via PubMed 和 Scopus)。我们的分析确定了遗产的几个核心属性:(a) 留下超越死亡的有价值的东西;(b) 确定人们希望如何被记住;(c) 跨代建立和传承;(d) 通过 EoL 对话和共同决策整合预先护理规划;以及 (e) 制定维护尊严的护理策略。其结果与以下方面有关:改善精神和主观幸福感;应对不可避免的临终关怀存在问题;减少临终关怀的痛苦;激发自我意识、希望、感恩与和平;实现并维护尊严;创造美好回忆;促进相互建设性和变革性关系;以及促进丧亲者的适应。然而,还需要进一步努力,落实遗产的关键属性,这些属性是在遗属生活附近制定以遗产为导向的干预措施的基础。
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引用次数: 0
Collaborative Online International Learning (COIL): A Teaching and Learning Experience in Nursing. 国际协作在线学习(COIL):护理学教学体验。
IF 2.4 Q1 NURSING Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.3390/nursrep14030175
Marta Roqueta-Vall-Llosera, Maria Del Carmen Malagón-Aguilera, Gloria Reig-Garcia, Afra Masià-Plana, Eva Serrat-Graboleda, Anna Bonmatí-Tomàs

Background: Collaborative Online International Learning (COIL) involves international online activities that allow the support of transversal competencies in diverse and multicultural environments without moving from home. This paper presents the learning experiences and satisfaction of undergraduate nursing students at the University of Girona (Spain) from a COIL activity involving clinical simulation in collaboration with the University of Coventry (United Kingdom).

Methods: Qualitative study of content analysis. Twelve students from each of the two universities participated in the data collection process using reflective diaries.

Results: The data analysis highlighted five topics related to the COIL activity involving clinical simulation: (a) initial attitudes towards the COIL activity; (b) main learning through the COIL activity; (c) positive aspects of the COIL activity; (d) weaknesses of the COIL activity and proposals for improvement; and (e) overall evaluation of the COIL activity.

Conclusions: The main learning outcomes referred to by students were the relationships between transversal competencies and the skills for life, language skills, cultural skills, and more specific skills related to clinical standards. The students were most satisfied with the teaching activities and specified positive aspects and weaknesses that will add value to future versions of the activities.

背景:协作式在线国际学习(COIL)涉及国际在线活动,可以让学生在多样化和多文化的环境中提高横向能力,而无需离开家乡。本文介绍了赫罗纳大学(西班牙)护理专业本科生在与考文垂大学(英国)合作开展的涉及临床模拟的 COIL 活动中获得的学习经验和满意度:方法:内容分析定性研究。两所大学各有 12 名学生通过反思日记参与了数据收集过程:数据分析突出了与临床模拟 COIL 活动有关的五个主题:(a) 对 COIL 活动的最初态度;(b) 通过 COIL 活动学到的主要知识;(c) COIL 活动的积极方面;(d) COIL 活动的不足之处和改进建议;以及 (e) 对 COIL 活动的总体评价:学生们提到的主要学习成果是横向能力与生活技能、语言技能、文化技能以及与临床标准相关的具体技能之间的关系。学生们对教学活动最为满意,并指出了积极的方面和不足之处,这将为今后的教学活动增添价值。
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引用次数: 0
Self-Efficacy in Nursing Competencies during Students' Clinical Practicum: The Development of a Self-Assessment Scale. 学生临床实习期间护理能力的自我效能感:自我评估量表的开发。
IF 2.4 Q1 NURSING Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.3390/nursrep14030173
Juan Arribas-Marín, Calixto Plumed-Moreno, Vicente Hernández-Franco

The evaluation of the competencies corresponding to the different professional profiles of future nursing graduates is fundamental to their training. In this regard, students' self-evaluation must be part of their training. This study aimed to develop and psychometrically test the Perceived Self-Efficacy in Nursing Competencies (PSENC) Scale. This study was conducted in two phases: selecting and adjusting items and assessing the instrument's psychometric properties. A sample of 1416 students completed the scale online. Exploratory factor and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted. Inferential analysis was carried out. The exploratory factor analysis of the PSENC scale with 20 items resulted in five factors (76.3% of variance). All factors showed Cronbach's alpha coefficients > 0.70. The confirmatory factor analysis measurement model showed satisfactory and adequate goodness-of-fit indices. The developed scale showed the psychometric adequacy and usefulness to the self-assessment of nursing students regarding their self-efficacy expectations in competencies during their clinical practicum. This study was not registered.

对未来护理专业毕业生的不同专业能力进行评估,是对他们进行培训的基础。在这方面,学生的自我评价必须成为其培训的一部分。本研究旨在开发护理能力自我效能感量表(PSENC)并对其进行心理测试。本研究分两个阶段进行:选择和调整项目以及评估工具的心理测量特性。1416 名学生在线完成了该量表。进行了探索性因子分析和确认性因子分析。还进行了推理分析。对 20 个项目的 PSENC 量表进行的探索性因子分析得出了五个因子(占方差的 76.3%)。所有因子的 Cronbach's alpha 系数均大于 0.70。确认性因子分析测量模型显示出令人满意和充分的拟合优度指数。所编制的量表在心理测量学上具有适当性和实用性,可用于护理专业学生在临床实习期间对其能力的自我效能期望进行自我评估。本研究未注册。
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引用次数: 0
Depression, Loneliness and Quality of Life in Institutionalised and Non-Institutionalised Older Adults in Portugal: A Cross-Sectional Study. 葡萄牙机构养老和非机构养老老年人的抑郁、孤独感和生活质量:一项横断面研究
IF 2.4 Q1 NURSING Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.3390/nursrep14030174
Celso Silva, Rogério Ferreira, Bruno Morgado, Elisabete Alves, César Fonseca

Our study aims to estimate the prevalence of depressive symptomatology among older adults and to assess their association with loneliness and quality of life according to institutionalisation status in a Portuguese sample.

Background: The World Health Organisation estimates that by 2050, the world's population over 60 will number two billion people, which poses complex challenges in terms of maintaining the mental health of older adults. The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the prevalence of depressive symptoms in this population, but the post-pandemic phase has not yet been studied much.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out in 2023 among institutionalised and non-institutionalised older adults (total n = 525; institutionalised = 458; non-institutionalised = 67) who were selected by convenience sampling. The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was used to assess the presence of depressive symptoms, the WHOQOL-BREF to assess perceived quality of life and the Loneliness Scale (UCLA) to assess negative feelings of loneliness. Unconditional logistic regression models were fitted to compute crude adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and the respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) for the association between sociodemographic, clinical and psychosocial characteristics and depressive symptomatology, according to institutionalisation status. The final model was adjusted for sex, age, QoL and feelings of loneliness.

Results: Of the 525 participants, 74.6% of the non-institutionalised participants had no or minimal depressive symptoms, while 55.4% of the institutionalised participants fell into this category. Mild to moderately severe depressive symptoms were present in 25.4% of the non-institutionalised participants. 26.9% of the institutionalised participants had mild symptoms, 11.8% had moderate symptoms, 3.9% had moderately severe symptoms, and 2.0% had severe depressive symptoms. Overall, a higher quality of life was associated with lower levels of depressive symptoms. Participants describing feelings of loneliness were more likely also to present depressive symptoms (OR = 78.10; 95%CI 2.90-2106.08 and OR = 3.53; 95%CI 1.72-6.91 for non-institutionalised and institutionalised older adults, respectively), independently of institutionalisation status.

Conclusions: The prevalence of depressive symptoms is high in older adults, which means that it has not decreased after the increase seen due to the COVID-19 pandemic. A lower perception of quality of life and the presence of negative feelings of loneliness are associated with the presence of depressive symptoms. These conclusions suggest that plans should be developed to intervene in the dimensions of depressive symptoms, perceived quality of life and negative feelings of loneliness.

我们的研究旨在估算抑郁症状在老年人中的流行程度,并根据葡萄牙样本的机构化状况评估其与孤独感和生活质量的关系:背景:据世界卫生组织估计,到 2050 年,全球 60 岁以上的人口将达到 20 亿,这给老年人的心理健康带来了复杂的挑战。COVID-19 大流行增加了这一人群中抑郁症状的发病率,但对大流行后阶段的研究还不多:方法:我们于 2023 年对机构养老和非机构养老的老年人(总人数=525;机构养老=458;非机构养老=67)进行了一次横断面调查,这些老年人是通过方便抽样选出的。研究使用患者健康问卷(PHQ-9)评估是否存在抑郁症状,使用 WHOQOL-BREF 评估感知的生活质量,使用孤独感量表(UCLA)评估消极的孤独感。根据入院情况,对社会人口学、临床和社会心理特征与抑郁症状之间的关系拟合出无条件逻辑回归模型,计算出粗略调整后的几率比(ORs)和各自的 95% 置信区间(95%CIs)。最终模型对性别、年龄、QoL和孤独感进行了调整:在 525 名参与者中,74.6% 的非住院参与者没有抑郁症状或抑郁症状轻微,而 55.4% 的住院参与者属于这一类。25.4%的非住院参与者有轻度至中度严重抑郁症状。26.9% 的住院参与者有轻度症状,11.8% 有中度症状,3.9% 有中度严重症状,2.0% 有严重抑郁症状。总体而言,较高的生活质量与较低的抑郁症状水平相关。描述孤独感的参与者更有可能出现抑郁症状(OR = 78.10; 95%CI 2.90-2106.08 和 OR = 3.53; 95%CI 1.72-6.91,分别适用于非机构养老和机构养老的老年人),与机构养老状况无关:结论:老年人抑郁症状的发病率很高,这意味着抑郁症状在 COVID-19 大流行后并未减少。对生活质量的较低感知和消极的孤独感与抑郁症状的出现有关。这些结论表明,应制定计划,从抑郁症状、生活质量感知和消极孤独感等方面进行干预。
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引用次数: 0
Exploration of Mental Health Elements in Chemsex Behavior: Interventions, Influencing Factors, and Attitudes towards Risk and Harm Reduction in Spain. 探讨化学性行为中的心理健康因素:西班牙的干预措施、影响因素以及对风险和减低危害的态度。
IF 2.4 Q1 NURSING Pub Date : 2024-09-06 DOI: 10.3390/nursrep14030172
Pablo Del Pozo-Herce, Alberto Tovar-Reinoso, Antonio Martínez-Sabater, Elena Chover-Sierra, Teresa Sufrate-Sorzano, Carlos Saus-Ortega, Javier Curto-Ramos, José Manuel Padilla-Brito, Carlos González-Navajas, Enrique Baca-García, Raúl Juárez-Vela, Eva García-Carpintero Blas

In recent years, there has been an increase in the practice of chemsex, which is becoming an increasingly serious public health problem. The complex interaction between chemsex and mental health underscores the need to understand the psychological, social, and environmental factors that influence this practice.

Methods: A qualitative descriptive phenomenological study was conducted in the community of Madrid, Spain to explore the depth of the chemsex phenomenon through a thematic analysis. Between April and June 2024, interviews were conducted with 15 MSM (gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men) who participate in these practices, using purposive and snowball sampling.

Results: three main themes were identified, namely, (T1) contextualization of the practice, (T2) factors associated with chemsex, and (T3) strategies and interventions for risk and harm reduction.

Conclusion: Chemsex is a phenomenon that combines sexual practices with substance use in complex social environments, presenting significant risks to physical, mental, and sexual health. It is necessary to implement public health interventions to mitigate these risks.

近年来,"化学性交"(chemsex)行为日益增多,这已成为一个日益严重的公共卫生问题。化学性性行为与心理健康之间复杂的互动关系凸显了了解影响这种行为的心理、社会和环境因素的必要性:在西班牙马德里社区开展了一项定性描述现象学研究,通过主题分析探讨了 "药性 "现象的深度。在 2024 年 4 月至 6 月期间,采用目的取样和滚雪球取样的方法,对 15 名参与这种行为的 MSM(男同性恋、双性恋和其他男男性行为者)进行了访谈。结果:确定了三个主要专题,即(T1)这种行为的背景,(T2)与化学性交相关的因素,以及(T3)降低风险和伤害的策略和干预措施:化学性性行为是一种在复杂的社会环境中将性行为与药物使用结合在一起的现象,对身体、精神和性健康构成重大风险。有必要采取公共卫生干预措施来降低这些风险。
{"title":"Exploration of Mental Health Elements in Chemsex Behavior: Interventions, Influencing Factors, and Attitudes towards Risk and Harm Reduction in Spain.","authors":"Pablo Del Pozo-Herce, Alberto Tovar-Reinoso, Antonio Martínez-Sabater, Elena Chover-Sierra, Teresa Sufrate-Sorzano, Carlos Saus-Ortega, Javier Curto-Ramos, José Manuel Padilla-Brito, Carlos González-Navajas, Enrique Baca-García, Raúl Juárez-Vela, Eva García-Carpintero Blas","doi":"10.3390/nursrep14030172","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nursrep14030172","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, there has been an increase in the practice of chemsex, which is becoming an increasingly serious public health problem. The complex interaction between chemsex and mental health underscores the need to understand the psychological, social, and environmental factors that influence this practice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A qualitative descriptive phenomenological study was conducted in the community of Madrid, Spain to explore the depth of the chemsex phenomenon through a thematic analysis. Between April and June 2024, interviews were conducted with 15 MSM (gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men) who participate in these practices, using purposive and snowball sampling.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>three main themes were identified, namely, (T1) contextualization of the practice, (T2) factors associated with chemsex, and (T3) strategies and interventions for risk and harm reduction.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Chemsex is a phenomenon that combines sexual practices with substance use in complex social environments, presenting significant risks to physical, mental, and sexual health. It is necessary to implement public health interventions to mitigate these risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":40753,"journal":{"name":"Nursing Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11417939/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142297948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Validation of Two Instruments for the Measurement of Dehumanization and Self-Dehumanization in Healthcare Settings. 验证用于测量医疗机构中的非人化和自我非人化的两种工具。
IF 2.4 Q1 NURSING Pub Date : 2024-09-06 DOI: 10.3390/nursrep14030167
Aikaterini Roupa, Athina Patelarou, Evangelos C Fradelos, Kyriaki Fousiani, Marianna Miliaraki, Konstantinos Giakoumidakis, Evridiki Patelarou

Understanding and addressing dehumanization in healthcare is crucial due to its profound impact on patient care, ethical implications on patient dignity and autonomy, and its potential to affect the psychological well-being of healthcare professionals. The primary aim of this study was to establish reliable and valid instruments measuring two different types of dehumanization, namely animalistic dehumanization (i.e., stripping one of their uniquely human characteristics) and mechanistic dehumanization (i.e., stripping one of their human nature characteristics) among healthcare professionals. In this cross-sectional validation study among healthcare professionals, we tested measures of both animalistic and mechanistic dehumanization, focusing on the dehumanization of patients (hetero-dehumanization) and oneself (self-dehumanization), respectively. All measures were developed and validated based on a concept analysis, a literature review, and an appraisal of pre-existing scales. The research was conducted among 400 nurses and medical doctors employed in Greek public hospitals. Coefficient validity ratio results showed that 100% of items were acceptable for both measures. The newly established and validated hetero-dehumanization scale encompassed two factors (factor 1: animalistic dehumanization, factor 2: mechanistic dehumanization; Cronbach's alpha was equal to 0.86 for each measure). The self-dehumanization scale was a mono-factorial measure of mechanistic dehumanization (Cronbach's alpha = 0.97). Two validated measures of (self- and hetero-) animalistic and mechanistic dehumanization measures were developed for the assessment of dehumanization among health professionals, which will form the basis for future research in this important scientific field.

了解和解决医疗保健中的非人化问题至关重要,因为它对患者护理、患者尊严和自主权的伦理影响以及医疗保健专业人员的心理健康都有深远影响。本研究的主要目的是在医护人员中建立可靠有效的工具来测量两种不同类型的非人化,即动物性非人化(即剥夺其独特的人性特征)和机械性非人化(即剥夺其人性特征)。在这项针对医护人员的横断面验证研究中,我们测试了动物性非人化和机械性非人化的测量方法,分别侧重于对患者的非人化(异化非人化)和对自己的非人化(自我非人化)。所有量表都是在概念分析、文献综述和对已有量表进行评估的基础上开发和验证的。研究对象为希腊公立医院的 400 名护士和医生。系数效度比结果显示,两个量表中 100%的项目都是可接受的。新建立并经过验证的异质性非人化量表包含两个因子(因子 1:动物性非人化,因子 2:机械性非人化;每个测量因子的 Cronbach's alpha 均为 0.86)。自我非人化量表是对机械非人化的单因子测量(Cronbach's alpha = 0.97)。为评估卫生专业人员的非人化情况,我们开发了两种经过验证的(自我和异质)动物性非人化和机械性非人化测量方法,这将为这一重要科学领域的未来研究奠定基础。
{"title":"Validation of Two Instruments for the Measurement of Dehumanization and Self-Dehumanization in Healthcare Settings.","authors":"Aikaterini Roupa, Athina Patelarou, Evangelos C Fradelos, Kyriaki Fousiani, Marianna Miliaraki, Konstantinos Giakoumidakis, Evridiki Patelarou","doi":"10.3390/nursrep14030167","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nursrep14030167","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding and addressing dehumanization in healthcare is crucial due to its profound impact on patient care, ethical implications on patient dignity and autonomy, and its potential to affect the psychological well-being of healthcare professionals. The primary aim of this study was to establish reliable and valid instruments measuring two different types of dehumanization, namely animalistic dehumanization (i.e., stripping one of their uniquely human characteristics) and mechanistic dehumanization (i.e., stripping one of their human nature characteristics) among healthcare professionals. In this cross-sectional validation study among healthcare professionals, we tested measures of both animalistic and mechanistic dehumanization, focusing on the dehumanization of patients (hetero-dehumanization) and oneself (self-dehumanization), respectively. All measures were developed and validated based on a concept analysis, a literature review, and an appraisal of pre-existing scales. The research was conducted among 400 nurses and medical doctors employed in Greek public hospitals. Coefficient validity ratio results showed that 100% of items were acceptable for both measures. The newly established and validated hetero-dehumanization scale encompassed two factors (factor 1: animalistic dehumanization, factor 2: mechanistic dehumanization; Cronbach's alpha was equal to 0.86 for each measure). The self-dehumanization scale was a mono-factorial measure of mechanistic dehumanization (Cronbach's alpha = 0.97). Two validated measures of (self- and hetero-) animalistic and mechanistic dehumanization measures were developed for the assessment of dehumanization among health professionals, which will form the basis for future research in this important scientific field.</p>","PeriodicalId":40753,"journal":{"name":"Nursing Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11417850/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142297965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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Nursing Reports
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