Se estudian aquí tres cuestiones referidas a la tradición renacentista del Económico III de Pseudo Aristóteles: (1) la difusión del texto y sus versiones en los siglos XV y XVI; (2) la ‘retroversión’ al griego de Bernardino Donato, desde muy pronto atribuida a Jacques Toussain; (3) la interpretación de un pasaje del capítulo tercero en que Giovan Battista Pio, en su comentario a Lucrecio, cambia la expresión nec metum incutiat por nec cunnum quatiat. Esta lectura, suavizada como nec partes quatiant, se retomaría a comienzos del siglo XVII en la obra ginecológica de Rodrigo de Castro.
{"title":"Acotaciones a la tradición renacentista del Económico III","authors":"Miguel Ángel González Manjarrés","doi":"10.33776/ec.v26.5240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33776/ec.v26.5240","url":null,"abstract":"Se estudian aquí tres cuestiones referidas a la tradición renacentista del Económico III de Pseudo Aristóteles: (1) la difusión del texto y sus versiones en los siglos XV y XVI; (2) la ‘retroversión’ al griego de Bernardino Donato, desde muy pronto atribuida a Jacques Toussain; (3) la interpretación de un pasaje del capítulo tercero en que Giovan Battista Pio, en su comentario a Lucrecio, cambia la expresión nec metum incutiat por nec cunnum quatiat. Esta lectura, suavizada como nec partes quatiant, se retomaría a comienzos del siglo XVII en la obra ginecológica de Rodrigo de Castro. ","PeriodicalId":40762,"journal":{"name":"Exemplaria Classica","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90595905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Notes on the text and interpretation of AENEID 11 (Apropos a recent commentary)","authors":"S. Casali","doi":"10.33776/ec.v26.7416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33776/ec.v26.7416","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40762,"journal":{"name":"Exemplaria Classica","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80929543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An attempt is made to resolve three problems of text and interpretation in the first poem of Propertius: 3 constantis … fastus (leg. constanti … fastu), 12 ille uidere (leg. comminus ipse), 24 ducere (leg. uertere).
{"title":"Propertius 1.1: Old and new solutions","authors":"Maxwell Hardy","doi":"10.33776/ec.v26.6968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33776/ec.v26.6968","url":null,"abstract":"An attempt is made to resolve three problems of text and interpretation in the first poem of Propertius: 3 constantis … fastus (leg. constanti … fastu), 12 ille uidere (leg. comminus ipse), 24 ducere (leg. uertere). ","PeriodicalId":40762,"journal":{"name":"Exemplaria Classica","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73174695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cicero’s quotation (at Rep. 1. 30) of Ennius scen. 82 TrRF (= XCV, lines 185-187 Joc.) needs some conjectural surgery to become more intelligible and hopefully a more memorable quote: I propose sint instead of sit; obseruationes instead of obseruationis; ante pedes quod est non spectant instead of quod est ante pedes nemo spectat.
{"title":"ENNIUS, SCEN. 82 TrRF","authors":"Egil Kraggerud","doi":"10.33776/ec.v26.7369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33776/ec.v26.7369","url":null,"abstract":"Cicero’s quotation (at Rep. 1. 30) of Ennius scen. 82 TrRF (= XCV, lines 185-187 Joc.) needs some conjectural surgery to become more intelligible and hopefully a more memorable quote: I propose sint instead of sit; obseruationes instead of obseruationis; ante pedes quod est non spectant instead of quod est ante pedes nemo spectat.","PeriodicalId":40762,"journal":{"name":"Exemplaria Classica","volume":"171 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74328320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Il primo libro delle elegie di Properzio: il testo, la struttura, i temi e i protagonisti del discorso amoroso. Un approfondimento metodologico","authors":"Irma Ciccarelli","doi":"10.33776/ec.v26.7432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33776/ec.v26.7432","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40762,"journal":{"name":"Exemplaria Classica","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86366065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/10412573.2022.2144489
Michael Lysander Angerer
ABSTRACT Medieval translations can be a shaping force in emerging vernacular literatures, as Marie de France’s Fresne and its Old Norse and Middle English translations demonstrate. While Sif Ríkharðsdóttir highlights that each version is adapted to its target literature, these texts also draw on the cultural authority of translatio studii to legitimize innovation. This article traces each text’s influence using Itamar Even-Zohar’s polysystem theory, having determined their position within the literary polysystem through textual and manuscript contexts. Each version constructs its own cultural authority to reshape the polysystem for different ideological purposes, thus producing texts that differ both from their source material and the norms of their target literatures. This is most apparent in their representations of courtliness: by invoking translatio studii, the Anglo-Norman Fresne establishes an exemplar of sincere interiority-based courtesy, whereas the Old Norse Eskia instrumentalizes French prestige to legitimize a performative ideal of courtliness in Norwegian literature. Conversely, the Middle English Lay le Freine uses translatio to reinvent its genre as the socially inclusive Middle English Breton lay, where courtliness is primarily a literary effect. Intervernacular translations therefore emerge as a key source of innovation in vernacular polysystems, pointing towards a new approach to comparative medieval literature.
中世纪翻译可以成为新兴本土文学的塑造力量，正如玛丽·德·法兰西的《Fresne》及其古斯堪的纳维亚语和中古英语翻译所证明的那样。虽然Sif Ríkharðsdóttir强调每个版本都是根据目标文学改编的，但这些文本也借鉴了翻译研究的文化权威，使创新合法化。本文利用伊塔玛·埃文-佐哈尔的多元系统理论，通过文本和手稿语境确定了它们在文学多元系统中的位置，追踪了每一篇文本的影响。每个版本都基于不同的意识形态目的构建了自己的文化权威，重塑了多元系统，从而产生了既不同于原始材料又不同于目标文学规范的文本。这在他们对礼貌的表现中最为明显:通过引用翻译研究，盎格鲁-诺曼的Fresne建立了真诚的基于内心的礼貌的典范，而古挪威的Eskia则利用法国的声望来合法化挪威文学中礼貌的表演理想。相反，中世纪英语Lay le Freine通过翻译将其类型重新塑造为具有社会包容性的中世纪英语Breton Lay，其中礼貌主要是一种文学效果。因此，跨方言翻译成为白话多系统创新的重要来源，为比较中世纪文学指明了一条新的途径。
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Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/10412573.2022.2132687
Karma Lochrie
If 2021 will forever be known as the second year of pandemic, it should also be celebrated among premodern scholars as the year that trans and nonbinary studies of the past arrived in force in the form of three published books. After a period in which trans studies has emerged to challenge both historical periods and contemporary gender and sexuality studies, it is exciting that medieval and early modern scholarship has so quickly and vibrantly begun to address trans issues in its histories and literatures. If Michel Foucault (1978), Judith Butler (1990), and Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick (1990) once urged gender and queer scholars to think of sexualities and genders in the plural beyond binarity and to work to recover that plurality in the historical past, they might not have anticipated the exciting heterogeneity and range of genders and sexualities that the three books I will be discussing below have so richly and abundantly charted. Nor could gender and queer scholars of premodernity have anticipated some of the theoretical provocations and historical documentation that these books assemble in the work of extending and challenging their work. The starting point for all three books is terminology, although the books accord with one another in their attention to the flexibility of their own terms, whether their titles cite “nonbinary gender,” “trans and genderqueer subjects,” or “trans histories.” Three overlapping aims also seem to unite the three books: to counter the presentism of our understanding of trans and nonbinary genders, to provide trans methodologies for studying literary and historical texts of the past, and quite simply to imagine transgender pasts and futures. The trans triad of scholarly books on premodern genders includes one monograph, The Shape of Sex: Nonbinary Gender from Genesis to the Renaissance by Leah DeVun, and two essay collections, Trans and Genderqueer Subjects in Medieval Hagiography, edited by Alice Spencer-Hall and Blake Gutt, and Trans Historical: Gender Plurality before the Modern, edited by Greta LaFleur, Masha Raskolnikov, and Anna Kłosowska. The sheer abundance and exuberance of new ways to think about medieval and early modern gender, sex, and embodiment is best suggested from the following list of terms and EXEMPLARIA 2022, VOL. 34, NO. 4, 363–371 https://doi.org/10.1080/10412573.2022.2132687
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Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/10412573.2022.2154462
E. M. Solberg
ABSTRACT This article argues that the ambiguity and scarcity of the evidence for the existence of the Black Madonna before the year 1500 need not prevent medievalists practicing premodern critical race studies from pursuing further study of her early history. Applying the work of Cord Whitaker on the “shimmer of blackness” in the medieval archive and of Karin Vélez on the mutability of the coloration of the Madonna across time and space, I make the case that the textual record on either side of 1500, before and after, bears witness to the Black Madonna according to discernible, coherent, and continuous rhetorical patterns, although in ways that are shimmeringly ambiguous. This record describes the Black Madonna by means of a consistent grammar of euphemism, circumlocution, negation, insinuation, and paradox that associates her darkness with materiality, mystery, and miraculous power. I trace these patterns across commentary on the Black Madonna ranging from the thirteenth to the twenty-first century, focusing in particular on the histories of Our Lady of Walsingham and Our Lady of Willesden.
本文认为，1500年前黑圣母存在的证据的模糊性和稀缺性并不妨碍中世纪学者进行前现代批判种族研究，以进一步研究她的早期历史。运用科德·惠特克(Cord Whitaker)对中世纪档案中“黑暗的微光”的研究，以及卡琳·瓦姆斯(Karin v lez)对圣母像颜色随时间和空间变化的研究，我认为1500年前后的文本记录，根据可辨的、连贯的、连续的修辞模式，见证了黑色圣母，尽管方式有些模糊。这个记录描述了黑圣母的委婉语，绕弯子，否定，暗示和悖论的一致语法，将她的黑暗与物质性，神秘性和神奇的力量联系在一起。从13世纪到21世纪，我在对《黑色圣母》的评论中追踪了这些模式，特别关注了沃尔辛厄姆圣母和威尔斯登圣母的历史。
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Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/10412573.2022.2154016
Trask Roberts
ABSTRACT This article proposes a rereading of the famed laisses similaires of the Oxford manuscript of La Chanson de Roland to highlight how contradictory elements (emotions, actions, dialogue, etc.) stubbornly resist being smoothed away for conventional narrative harmony’s sake. These laisses similaires, successive retellings of presumably the same event in different words, occur at several key moments in the text and have attracted scholarly attention for their particularity and confounding nature. I adapt Walter Benjamin’s concept of reine Sprache (pure language) — which theorizes that through their intersections and totality, languages tangentially approach a language free from the burden of signifying — from the context of translation to narrative theory, positing an analogous term: pure narrative. Laisses similaires are thus treated as types of translations for an inexistent, and impossible, original. Just as all idioms gesture towards, without arriving at, pure language, no one laisse expresses pure narrative. Through their interactions, we glimpse its possibility.
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Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/10412573.2022.2094600
Nahir I. Otaño Gracia
ABSTRACT This essay works through ideas of settler colonialism, displacement, and border-crossings in order to investigate the character of Gawain. The Middle English Romance, The Turke and Sir Gawain (TG), seems to follow Gawain as he learns to be a better knight and to uphold ideologies of inclusivity, courtesy, and virtue which appear to invite and accept difference. Nevertheless, Gawain’s attributes are also embedded in a borderland system in which Gawain, as a white borderland character, reinforces the status quo of the text in which Arthurian knights are the best knights and the Arthurian kingdom is expanded. The relation between and among “Gawain,” the “Turke,” and the “heathen soldan,” for example, serves to construct, deconstruct, and expand the borders of Arthur’s kingdom by racializing, erasing, and violently destroying both the “Turke” and “Soldan.” The Turke in particular is reborn as the Christian knight Sir Gromer.
本文通过移民殖民主义、流离失所和越境的思想来考察高文的性格。中世纪英国浪漫小说《土耳其人和高文爵士》(The Turke and Sir Gawain, TG)似乎跟随高文学习成为一名更好的骑士，并坚持包容、礼貌和美德的意识形态，这些意识形态似乎邀请并接受差异。然而，高文的属性也嵌入了一个边陲系统，在这个边陲系统中，高文作为一个白人边陲角色，强化了文本中亚瑟王骑士是最好骑士的现状，亚瑟王王国得到了扩张。例如，“高文”、“土耳其人”和“异教徒的苏丹人”之间的关系，通过种族化、抹去和暴力地摧毁“土耳其人”和“苏丹人”，来构建、解构和扩大亚瑟王王国的边界。特别是土耳其人重生为基督教骑士格罗默爵士。
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