Forensic Imaging最新文献

英文中文

ISFRI Education Working Group: competencies and training requirements for reporting and interpretation of adult forensic post-mortem imaging ISFRI教育工作组：报告和解释成人法医死后成像的能力和培训要求

IF 1 Q4 RADIOLOGY, NUCLEAR MEDICINE & MEDICAL IMAGING

Forensic Imaging

Pub Date : 2025-09-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.fri.2025.200652

Chris O’Donnell , Guy Rutty , Yohsuke Makino , Michael Thali , Wolf Schweitzer , Ante Marusic , Yanko Kolev , Hideki Hyodoh , Jamie Elifritz , Garyfalia Ampanozi , Carlo Tappero , Bart G. H. Latten , Rathachai Kaewlai , members of the ISFRI education working group

引用次数: 0

Sex Estimation Through External Occipital Protuberance Morphology: A CT Scan Study in Northwest India 通过枕外突形态判断性别：印度西北部的CT扫描研究

IF 1 Q4 RADIOLOGY, NUCLEAR MEDICINE & MEDICAL IMAGING

Forensic Imaging

Pub Date : 2025-09-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.fri.2025.200649

Mohinder Sharma , Sushil Kumar Battan , Mandeep Garg , Paramjeet Singh , Tina Sharma

Objectives

This study aims to evaluate the types, prevalence, and forensic utility of external occipital protuberance (EOP) morphology for sex estimation in a Northwest Indian population using computed tomography (CT) imaging.

Materials and Methods

CT scan data of 331 adult individuals (167 males, 164 females), aged 18 to 75 years, were analyzed. EOP morphology was classified into three distinct types: Type 1, Type 2, and Type 3. Morphometric measurements—including total EOP length (TEOP) and angle at apex of EOP (AAEOP)—were obtained using the Radiant DICOM Viewer. Statistical analysis, including discriminant function analysis, was employed to assess the predictive accuracy of EOP features for sex estimation.

Results

The analysis revealed significant sexual dimorphism in EOP morphology. Type 1 was more frequent in females (33.8%), while Type 3 was more common in males (38.3%). Male individuals showed greater EOP thickness and more pronounced cranial landmarks such as the superior and inferior nuchal lines and the external occipital crest. Discriminant function analysis yielded an overall sex estimation accuracy of 89.4%, with higher classification rates in older age groups. Among the variables, TEOP and AAEOP were the most reliable predictors, achieving classification accuracies of 81.9% and 76.1%, respectively.

Conclusion

EOP morphology demonstrates clear sexual dimorphism and proves to be a reliable indicator for sex estimation in the studied Northwest Indian population. The high classification accuracy, particularly in older age groups, supports the integration of EOP-based assessment into forensic protocols. This study highlights the importance of population-specific data and encourages further research on cranial features in underrepresented regions to enhance forensic identification methods.

目的：本研究旨在利用计算机断层扫描（CT）评估西北印度人群中枕外隆突（EOP）形态学在性别估计中的类型、流行程度和法医应用。材料与方法对年龄在18 ~ 75岁的331例成人（男性167例，女性164例）的ct扫描数据进行分析。EOP形态分为三种不同的类型：1型、2型和3型。形态学测量-包括EOP总长度（TEOP）和EOP顶点角度(AAEOP) -使用Radiant DICOM Viewer获得。采用统计分析，包括判别函数分析，评估EOP特征对性别估计的预测准确性。结果EOP形态存在明显的性别二态性。1型多见于女性（33.8%），3型多见于男性（38.3%）。男性个体表现出更大的EOP厚度和更明显的颅标志，如上、下颈线和枕外嵴。判别函数分析的总体性别估计准确率为89.4%，在年龄较大的年龄组中分类率较高。其中，TEOP和AAEOP是最可靠的预测因子，分类准确率分别为81.9%和76.1%。结论eop形态学表现出明显的性别二态性，可作为西北印第安人性别估计的可靠指标。高分类准确性，特别是在老年群体中，支持将基于eop的评估整合到法医协议中。本研究强调了人口特异性数据的重要性，并鼓励在代表性不足的地区进一步研究颅骨特征，以提高法医鉴定方法。

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引用次数: 0

Validation of walker's non-metric sex estimation method using 3D glabella images in Koreans: A metric approach 验证沃克的非度量性别估计方法使用韩国人的三维眉间图像：一个度量方法

IF 1 Q4 RADIOLOGY, NUCLEAR MEDICINE & MEDICAL IMAGING

Forensic Imaging

Pub Date : 2025-09-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.fri.2025.200650

Yun Taek Shim , Nahyun Aum , Yi-Suk Kim , DukHoon Kim , Young Man Lee , Jeong Yeol Park , Ji Soo Han

Computed tomography (CT) is excellent for examining the skull and providing a contiguous series of cross-sections and three-dimensional information. We aimed to develop a forensic anthropological method for determining sex in Koreans, involving a metric analysis of the glabellar region volume derived from three-dimensional CT images of the skull. A total of 661 CT images of Korean skulls were obtained. Of these, 100 CT images were randomly selected for non-metric sex estimation using the Walker method, and the remaining 561 CT images were used to derive a regression equation for sex estimation in Koreans using the metric method. To verify the validity of the derived equation, we analyzed 100 CT images previously selected for non-metric sex estimation using the metric method. The glabellar region volume was greater in males than in females. Moreover, measuring the glabellar region volume using the metric method increased sex estimation accuracy by 5 % compared to the non-metric method. We elucidated a new measurement range and method for measuring the glabellar region volume. The sex matching rate of the metric method was similar (81 %) to that reported in a previous study that used a non-metric method. In summary, we quantitatively discriminated sex using three-dimensional measurements of the glabellar region and demonstrated that the non-metric sex estimation method based on skull data of the non-Korean population is not suitable for estimating sex using the glabella in Koreans. The metric method proposed in this study will increase the accuracy and reliability of sex estimation in Koreans.

计算机断层扫描（CT）非常适合检查颅骨，并提供连续的一系列横截面和三维信息。我们的目标是开发一种法医人类学方法来确定韩国人的性别，包括从头骨的三维CT图像中获得的额骨区域体积的度量分析。共获得韩国人颅骨CT图像661张。其中，随机选择100张CT图像使用Walker方法进行非度量性性别估计，其余561张CT图像使用度量性方法推导韩国人性别估计的回归方程。为了验证推导方程的有效性，我们分析了之前选择的100张CT图像，使用度量方法进行非度量性别估计。男性的眉间区体积大于女性。此外，与非度量方法相比，使用度量方法测量眉间区域体积可使性别估计精度提高5%。我们提出了一种新的测量眉间区体积的测量范围和方法。公制方法的性别匹配率与先前使用非公制方法的研究报告相似（81%）。综上所述，我们使用眉间区域的三维测量来定量区分性别，并证明基于非韩国人口头骨数据的非度量性别估计方法不适合使用眉间来估计韩国人的性别。本研究提出的度量方法将提高韩国人性别估计的准确性和可靠性。

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引用次数: 0

Behind the X-ray: How radiographers aid child abuse investigations x光的背后：放射技师如何协助儿童虐待调查

IF 1 Q4 RADIOLOGY, NUCLEAR MEDICINE & MEDICAL IMAGING

Forensic Imaging

Pub Date : 2025-09-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.fri.2025.200651

Jessica Eaton , Bo Mussmann , Alan Simpson , Owen J Arthurs

The role of radiographers' in forensic medical imaging is crucial in child protection cases yet is often overlooked. This correspondence aims to provide the legal profession with insights into the contributions of paediatric radiographers in obtaining high quality images for court presentations. It discusses the specialised training required for forensic imaging, the challenges faced by radiographers, and the importance of parental trust during imaging procedures. Additionally, it highlights the mental health implications for radiographers working in distressing situations and the need for adequate support mechanisms. By enhancing understanding of the radiographers role, we aim to inform the understanding of those working to safeguard children in the legal system.

放射技师在法医成像中的作用在儿童保护案件中至关重要，但往往被忽视。本函件旨在为法律专业人士提供有关儿科放射技师在获得高质量图像以供法庭演示方面的贡献的见解。它讨论了法医成像所需的专业培训，放射技师面临的挑战，以及在成像过程中父母信任的重要性。此外，它还强调了在痛苦的情况下工作的放射技师的心理健康影响以及需要适当的支持机制。透过加深对放射技师角色的认识，我们的目标是让那些在法律制度下致力保护儿童的人士有所了解。

引用次数: 0

A systematic literature review of deepfakes in forensic science 对法医科学中深度造假的系统文献综述

IF 1 Q4 RADIOLOGY, NUCLEAR MEDICINE & MEDICAL IMAGING

Forensic Imaging

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fri.2025.200647

Jenifer Loovens , Hasan Tinmaz

This research explores the complex implications of deepfakes, a controversial application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and deep learning in forensic science. It highlights the ethical dilemmas and technological challenges associated with their use, emphasizing the growing risk deepfakes pose to the integrity of digital evidence. The study also addresses the ongoing ‘arms race’ between the development of increasingly sophisticated deepfakes content and the progress in detection tools. Additionally, it investigates the psychological and legal aspects of deepfakes, advocating for critical technological advancements and ethical frameworks to mitigate the associated risks. A systematic literature review of 36 selected research articles published between 2021 and 2024 across seven academic databases was conducted. The analysis identifies key research trends, categorizes essential keywords, and examines the various forensic approaches employed in deepfakes research. The findings reveal that, while progress has been made in deepfakes detection and forensic analysis, interdisciplinary collaboration is urgently needed to establish standardized methods and frameworks to combat digital manipulation. Continuous advancements in detection techniques, alongside the integration of ethical considerations into forensic practices, will be crucial to preserving the integrity of digital evidence amidst the rapid evolution of deepfakes technology.

本研究探讨了深度造假的复杂含义，这是人工智能（AI）和深度学习在法医学中的有争议的应用。它强调了与使用深度伪造相关的伦理困境和技术挑战，强调了深度伪造对数字证据完整性构成的日益增长的风险。该研究还讨论了日益复杂的深度伪造内容的发展与检测工具的进步之间正在进行的“军备竞赛”。此外，它还调查了深度造假的心理和法律方面，倡导关键技术进步和道德框架，以减轻相关风险。对7个学术数据库中2021年至2024年间发表的36篇研究论文进行了系统的文献综述。该分析确定了关键的研究趋势，对关键关键词进行了分类，并检查了深度伪造研究中使用的各种法医方法。研究结果表明，尽管在深度伪造检测和法医分析方面取得了进展，但迫切需要跨学科合作，以建立打击数字操纵的标准化方法和框架。检测技术的不断进步，以及将道德考虑纳入法医实践，对于在深度伪造技术快速发展的情况下保持数字证据的完整性至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Withdrawal notice to “ISFRI Guidelines Working Group: Best Practice Standards for Non-Contrast Postmortem Computed Tomography (PMCT) of Overdose” [Forensic Imaging (2025) 200633] 对“ISFRI指引工作小组：药物过量非对比死后计算机断层扫描（PMCT）最佳实践标准”的撤回通知[法医影像（2025）200633]

IF 1 Q4 RADIOLOGY, NUCLEAR MEDICINE & MEDICAL IMAGING

Forensic Imaging

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fri.2025.200644

Jamie Elifritz , Micillo Andrea , Fabrice Dedouit , Laura Filograna , ISFRI Guidelines Working Group

引用次数: 0

Self-contained crash or run-over by a vehicle? Integrating post-mortem CT and kinematic analysis to reconstruct motorcycle accident dynamics 是自行撞车还是被车辆碾压？结合死后CT和运动学分析重建摩托车事故动力学

IF 1 Q4 RADIOLOGY, NUCLEAR MEDICINE & MEDICAL IMAGING

Forensic Imaging

Pub Date : 2025-08-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.fri.2025.200648

Elena Giovannini , Guido Pelletti , Luigi Friio , Mattia Strangi , Paolo Fais , Susi Pelotti

Differentiating between primary impact injuries and those caused by a run-over event in motorcycle accidents can be challenging due to the complexity of trauma mechanisms and the lack of standardized diagnostic criteria. This report presents the case of a 57-year-old motorcyclist found deceased following a collision, with initial suspicions raised by surveillance footage suggesting the possibility of a run-over by a passing car. A comprehensive forensic investigation was conducted, including autopsy, post-mortem computed tomography (PMCT), and kinematic analysis, to determine the cause of death and reconstruct the accident dynamics.

The PMCT played a pivotal role in accurately documenting complex injury patterns, such as bilateral anterior-posterior fractures of the skull, ribs, and pelvis, which initially suggested a crushing mechanism. However, integration with kinematic findings and circumstantial evidence excluded the involvement of the suspected car. Instead, it was determined that the injuries resulted from compression between the overturned motorcycle and a tree during the collision.

This case highlights the indispensable value of PMCT in forensic investigations, particularly in identifying subtle fracture patterns and enhancing injury interpretation. Despite the sensitivity and applicability of PMCT in traffic accidents, there is limited data regarding the interpretation of differential diagnoses between crush injuries and blunt-force impacts in motorcyclists. The systematic use of PMCT, combined with interdisciplinary collaboration between forensic pathologists, radiologists, and kinematic experts, represents a significant advancement in reconstructing complex traffic accidents and reducing uncertainty in medico-legal evaluations.

由于创伤机制的复杂性和缺乏标准化的诊断标准，区分摩托车事故中主要的撞击伤和由碾过事件引起的伤害可能具有挑战性。本报告介绍了一名57岁的摩托车手在碰撞后被发现死亡的案例，最初的怀疑是由监控录像显示可能是一辆过路汽车碾压引起的。进行了全面的法医调查，包括尸检、死后计算机断层扫描（PMCT）和运动学分析，以确定死亡原因并重建事故动态。PMCT在准确记录复杂损伤模式方面发挥了关键作用，如双侧颅骨、肋骨和骨盆的前后骨折，这最初表明了粉碎机制。然而，结合运动学调查结果和间接证据排除了可疑车辆的参与。相反，经确定，受伤是由于在碰撞过程中被翻倒的摩托车和一棵树之间的挤压造成的。这个案例强调了PMCT在法医调查中不可或缺的价值，特别是在识别微妙的骨折模式和加强损伤解释方面。尽管PMCT在交通事故中的敏感性和适用性，但关于摩托车手挤压伤和钝力撞击的鉴别诊断解释的数据有限。系统地使用PMCT，结合法医病理学家、放射科医生和运动学专家之间的跨学科合作，在重建复杂的交通事故和减少医学法律评估的不确定性方面取得了重大进展。

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引用次数: 0

Postmortem computed tomography imaging in giant anteaters (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) 巨型食蚁兽（Myrmecophaga tridactyla）死后计算机断层成像

IF 0.8 Q4 RADIOLOGY, NUCLEAR MEDICINE & MEDICAL IMAGING

Forensic Imaging

Pub Date : 2025-07-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.fri.2025.200645

Maria Jaqueline Mamprim , Sheila Canevese Rahal , Jeana Pereira da Silva , Jair Theodoro Filho , Gabriela Montezel Frigerio , Paulo Hilário Nascimento Saldiva , Isabela Cristina de Souza Marques , Ricardo Shoiti Ichikawa

This study aimed to describe the findings of post-mortem CT in three adult giant anteaters. The first animal was found with paraparesis of the hind limbs in a rural area and rescued by a fire brigade. CT of the thoracic spine showed malalignment with a fracture-dislocation of T15. The fracture of T15 was compressive and there was a moderate narrowing of the spinal canal. The death was likely due to a spinal cord injury. The second animal was found unconscious in a rural area and rescued by the municipal guard. A CT scan revealed a significant increase in volume that extended to the submandibular and ventral upper cervical region with the presence of gas and a low-density core. Additionally, the right tympanic cavity was filled with material of soft tissue density. The animal likely died due to a severe neck infection. The third animal was in a rural area with body wounds. The CT scan showed an increase in muscle volume in the hind limbs with the presence of gaseous content. There was a loss of definition of the abdominal wall and the presence of free intraperitoneal gas. The death was attributed to the heavily infected and deep skin wounds, possibly leading to peritonitis. The post-mortem CT findings were valuable in identifying lesions and determining the cause of death in the three giant anteaters. The sensitivity of the post-mortem exam could be increased by including other imaging techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging.

本研究旨在描述三只成年巨食蚁兽的死后CT结果。第一只动物在农村地区被发现后肢截瘫，并被消防队救出。胸椎CT显示T15骨折脱位错位。T15骨折为压缩性骨折，椎管有中度狭窄。死因很可能是脊髓损伤。第二只动物在农村地区被发现失去知觉，并被市政警卫救出。CT扫描显示体积明显增加，并延伸至下颌下和上颈椎腹侧区域，存在气体和低密度核心。此外，右鼓室充满软组织密度物质。这只动物可能死于严重的颈部感染。第三只动物出现在农村地区，身上有伤。CT扫描显示后肢肌肉体积增加，并伴有气体含量。腹壁模糊，存在游离腹膜内气体。死亡的原因是严重感染和很深的皮肤伤口，可能导致腹膜炎。验尸后的CT检查结果对确定三只巨型食蚁兽的病变和死亡原因很有价值。通过使用磁共振成像等其他成像技术，可以提高尸检的灵敏度。

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引用次数: 0

White paper by the international society of forensic imaging guidelines working group on non-contrast PMCT for decomposed remains 国际法医成像指南协会工作组关于分解遗体非对比PMCT的白皮书

IF 1 Q4 RADIOLOGY, NUCLEAR MEDICINE & MEDICAL IMAGING

Forensic Imaging

Pub Date : 2025-07-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.fri.2025.200643

Jamie Elifritz , Micillo Andrea , Fabrice Dedouit , Laura Filograna

Overdose deaths, particularly from opioids and synthetic analogs, continue to rise globally. While some cases present with overt indicators, others lack external signs, complicating initial investigation. Postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) has emerged as a valuable adjunct in these cases, offering radiologic features that may suggest overdose and support triage, even in unsuspected deaths. Characteristic findings—such as cerebral edema, pulmonary edema, and urinary bladder distention—comprise the so-called “overdose triad,” which demonstrates high specificity for overdose-related fatalities. PMCT also detects ancillary features including findings related to pill fragments, signs of body packing, and hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage. In overdose investigations, PMCT’s high negative predictive value helps exclude internal trauma and skeletal injuries, guiding case management and informing decisions on the necessity for full autopsy. While PMCT findings are not pathognomonic and may be absent in rapidly fatal intoxications, the technique offers considerable value, particularly when integrated with toxicological analysis and full autopsy. The International Society of Forensic Radiology and Imaging (ISFRI) supports the standardized use of PMCT in suspected overdose deaths as part of a comprehensive forensic approach.

过量死亡，特别是阿片类药物和合成类似物，在全球继续上升。虽然有些病例有明显的体征，但其他病例缺乏外部体征，使初步调查复杂化。在这些病例中，尸检计算机断层扫描（PMCT）已经成为一种有价值的辅助手段，它提供了可能提示用药过量的放射学特征，并支持分诊，即使是在未被怀疑的死亡中。特征性表现，如脑水肿、肺水肿和膀胱膨胀，构成了所谓的“过量三联征”，这表明了过量相关死亡的高特异性。PMCT还可以检测辅助特征，包括与药片碎片、身体堆积和高血压脑出血相关的发现。在过量调查中，PMCT的高阴性预测值有助于排除内部创伤和骨骼损伤，指导病例管理，并告知是否需要进行全面尸检的决定。虽然PMCT的发现并不是典型的，而且在快速致命的中毒中可能没有发现，但该技术具有相当大的价值，特别是当与毒理学分析和全面尸检相结合时。国际法医放射学和成像学会（ISFRI）支持将PMCT作为综合法医方法的一部分用于疑似过量死亡的标准化使用。

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引用次数: 0

ISFRI guidelines working group: best practice standards for non-contrast postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) of blunt force trauma ISFRI指南工作组：钝器创伤非对比死后计算机断层扫描（PMCT）的最佳实践标准

IF 0.8 Q4 RADIOLOGY, NUCLEAR MEDICINE & MEDICAL IMAGING

Forensic Imaging

Pub Date : 2025-07-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.fri.2025.200630

Jamie Elifritz , Garyfalia Ampanozi , Ludo Beenen , Laura Filograna

引用次数: 0

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