Arief Setiawan, Ruswana Anwar, Tita Husnitawati, T. Djuwantono, W. Permadi
Adenomyosis is a pathological condition characterized by the presence of endometrial glands and stroma within the myometrium. Endometrial like cells development was influenced by local inflammatory reactions, increases local estradiol due to asynchromatized estrogen synthesis (ERβ) and then stimulated to proliferation and fibrosis, are also irritation on small nerve fibers in women with painful characterized symptoms on adenomyosis. There are expressions of neurofilament protein (NF) and protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5) is a highly specific pan-neuronal marker for microfilament nerve fibers and is related to presenting pain with adenomyosis symptoms. A retrospective immunohistochemical study of thirty samples histopathological of adenomyosis as study groups and 30 with control groups between 25–49 ages which were established at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital and the satellites in April 2014–May 2015. This case-control analyzed ERβ, NF, and PGP 9.5 expressions compared and correlation between study groups and controls. The results showed there were significant differences in expression of ERβ, NF, and PGP 9.5 on adenomyosis higher than the control study (p<0.05). The intensity was higher and very strong into the study groups (p<0,001). Cut off point of ERβ was more than>6(sensitivity 66.7%; specificity 70%), NF>3 (sensitivity 93%; specificity 46%), PGP 9.5>4 (sensitivity 90%; specificity 67%). Odds Ratio (CI 95%) ERβ>6= 4.67; NF >3=12.25; PGP 9.5 >4=24.75 (p<0.001). The value of histoscore of ERβ and PGP9.5 have correlates to adenomyosis, the differences were statistically significant (p<0.05). The conclusion were that the adenomyosis had higher ERβ, NF, and PGP 9.5 expressions. There are simultant correlates and positive values between ERβ, NF, and PGP9.5 based on etiophatogenesis of pain on adenomyosis.
{"title":"Correlation between Estrogen Receptorβ (ERβ), Neurofilament Protein (NF), and Protein Gene Product 9.5 (PGP9.5) Expressions as a Marker of Pain on Adenomyosis Etiopathogenesis","authors":"Arief Setiawan, Ruswana Anwar, Tita Husnitawati, T. Djuwantono, W. Permadi","doi":"10.15395/mkb.v53n4.2363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15395/mkb.v53n4.2363","url":null,"abstract":"Adenomyosis is a pathological condition characterized by the presence of endometrial glands and stroma within the myometrium. Endometrial like cells development was influenced by local inflammatory reactions, increases local estradiol due to asynchromatized estrogen synthesis (ERβ) and then stimulated to proliferation and fibrosis, are also irritation on small nerve fibers in women with painful characterized symptoms on adenomyosis. There are expressions of neurofilament protein (NF) and protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5) is a highly specific pan-neuronal marker for microfilament nerve fibers and is related to presenting pain with adenomyosis symptoms. A retrospective immunohistochemical study of thirty samples histopathological of adenomyosis as study groups and 30 with control groups between 25–49 ages which were established at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital and the satellites in April 2014–May 2015. This case-control analyzed ERβ, NF, and PGP 9.5 expressions compared and correlation between study groups and controls. The results showed there were significant differences in expression of ERβ, NF, and PGP 9.5 on adenomyosis higher than the control study (p<0.05). The intensity was higher and very strong into the study groups (p<0,001). Cut off point of ERβ was more than>6(sensitivity 66.7%; specificity 70%), NF>3 (sensitivity 93%; specificity 46%), PGP 9.5>4 (sensitivity 90%; specificity 67%). Odds Ratio (CI 95%) ERβ>6= 4.67; NF >3=12.25; PGP 9.5 >4=24.75 (p<0.001). The value of histoscore of ERβ and PGP9.5 have correlates to adenomyosis, the differences were statistically significant (p<0.05). The conclusion were that the adenomyosis had higher ERβ, NF, and PGP 9.5 expressions. There are simultant correlates and positive values between ERβ, NF, and PGP9.5 based on etiophatogenesis of pain on adenomyosis.","PeriodicalId":40791,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Kedokteran Bandung-MKB-Bandung Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46848068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Head and neck cancer is the sixth most common cancer in the world with increasing incidence and mortality in the last three decades. The hidden location of head and neck tumors and their atypical symptoms cause difficulties in diagnosis. Most patients are first diagnosed at an advanced stage. Several factors allegedly related to the incidence of head and neck cancer are knowledge and attitude of the public on early detection of cancer. This study aimed to determine the relationship between knowledge, attitude, and behavior of health workers and community towards head and neck cancer in Bandung, Indonesia. This was a cross-sectional analytical descriptive study using chi-square test as the statistical test. Subjects for this study were sampled using the proportional cluster random sampling on health care workers and community in 30 community health centers in Bandung City during the period of July–August 2019. Data were obtained through a questionnaire distributed to the subjects. This questionnaire included items on knowledge, attitude, and behavior towards head and neck cancer. Of the 650 respondents, most were 40–49 years old (25%), female (62,2%), patients (74%), high school (49%). The levels of knowledge and attitude have a significant relationship with the behavior of early detection of head and neck cancer (p=0.015). The awareness and knowledge of health workers and community on early detection of head and neck cancer are high in Bandung, Indonesia.
{"title":"Relationship between Knowledge, Attitude, and Behavior on Head and Neck Cancer among Health Workers and Community in Bandung, Indonesia","authors":"Y. A. Dewi, Ifiq Budiyan Nazar","doi":"10.15395/mkb.v53n4.2480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15395/mkb.v53n4.2480","url":null,"abstract":"Head and neck cancer is the sixth most common cancer in the world with increasing incidence and mortality in the last three decades. The hidden location of head and neck tumors and their atypical symptoms cause difficulties in diagnosis. Most patients are first diagnosed at an advanced stage. Several factors allegedly related to the incidence of head and neck cancer are knowledge and attitude of the public on early detection of cancer. This study aimed to determine the relationship between knowledge, attitude, and behavior of health workers and community towards head and neck cancer in Bandung, Indonesia. This was a cross-sectional analytical descriptive study using chi-square test as the statistical test. Subjects for this study were sampled using the proportional cluster random sampling on health care workers and community in 30 community health centers in Bandung City during the period of July–August 2019. Data were obtained through a questionnaire distributed to the subjects. This questionnaire included items on knowledge, attitude, and behavior towards head and neck cancer. Of the 650 respondents, most were 40–49 years old (25%), female (62,2%), patients (74%), high school (49%). The levels of knowledge and attitude have a significant relationship with the behavior of early detection of head and neck cancer (p=0.015). The awareness and knowledge of health workers and community on early detection of head and neck cancer are high in Bandung, Indonesia.","PeriodicalId":40791,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Kedokteran Bandung-MKB-Bandung Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48388439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Human helmintiasis is a neglected disease with significant economic impacts caused by its effects on performance and cognition. The burden of many helminth infections is not well understood due to the lack of progress in detecting low-intensity infection in elimination programs. Furthermore, the decision for individual and community treatments, as well as the community-based control program evaluation, obviously depends on the technics used for parasitological diagnostic. A well-established diagnostic technic will be beneficial to detect and eliminate the disease. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the performance of FLOTAC and FECT technics for detecting helminth infections in human stool. A total of 149 fecal specimens were collected from schoolchildren in Nangapanda village, Ende District, East Nusa Tenggara Province in 2012. The sensitivity of both technics was analyzed using the kappa analysis. Positive results from both technics were used as the gold standard. The sensitivity of FLOTAC for diagnosing T. Trichiura, A. lumbricoides and hookworm infections were 100%, 100%, and 82%, respectively, while the sensitivity of FECT was 80%, 7%, and 18%, respectively. FLOTAC yielded considerably higher mean faecal egg counts (11,452, 1,038, and 19 eggs per gram stool (EPG) for A lumbricoides T. Trichiura , and hookworm). FLOTAC technique was considerably more sensitive than FECT in diagnosing soil-transmitted helminth infections. In conclusion, FLOTAC can be used as a diagnosis tool for future helminth control
{"title":"FLOTAC Technique for Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infection Diagnosis","authors":"H. Pangaribuan, T. Supali, H. Wibowo","doi":"10.15395/mkb.v52n4.2545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15395/mkb.v52n4.2545","url":null,"abstract":"Human helmintiasis is a neglected disease with significant economic impacts caused by its effects on performance and cognition. The burden of many helminth infections is not well understood due to the lack of progress in detecting low-intensity infection in elimination programs. Furthermore, the decision for individual and community treatments, as well as the community-based control program evaluation, obviously depends on the technics used for parasitological diagnostic. A well-established diagnostic technic will be beneficial to detect and eliminate the disease. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the performance of FLOTAC and FECT technics for detecting helminth infections in human stool. A total of 149 fecal specimens were collected from schoolchildren in Nangapanda village, Ende District, East Nusa Tenggara Province in 2012. The sensitivity of both technics was analyzed using the kappa analysis. Positive results from both technics were used as the gold standard. The sensitivity of FLOTAC for diagnosing T. Trichiura, A. lumbricoides and hookworm infections were 100%, 100%, and 82%, respectively, while the sensitivity of FECT was 80%, 7%, and 18%, respectively. FLOTAC yielded considerably higher mean faecal egg counts (11,452, 1,038, and 19 eggs per gram stool (EPG) for A lumbricoides T. Trichiura , and hookworm). FLOTAC technique was considerably more sensitive than FECT in diagnosing soil-transmitted helminth infections. In conclusion, FLOTAC can be used as a diagnosis tool for future helminth control","PeriodicalId":40791,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Kedokteran Bandung-MKB-Bandung Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48078335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One of the most prevalent and deadly cancers in men is bladder cancer. To achieve the best possible outcome, physicians need to diagnose it promptly. The gold standard for diagnosis is tissue biopsy, but this method is invasive. There is another option for non-invasive diagnostic using urine cytology. The purpose of this study was to measure the accuracy of urine cytology in diagnosed bladder cancer patients. This study extracted data from patients medical records in a tertiary hospital in Indonesia from 2009–2019. The diagnostic accuracy was then compared between urine cytology and biopsy as the gold standard. Data on subjects’ baseline characteristics and diagnostic accuracy (sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV) were collected. Results were then stratified according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer pathology staging for bladder cancer. Of 124 study subjects, male was more dominant (male,88% versus female, 12%) Seventy-five patients had a T1-tumor stage. Overall, the diagnostic accuracy was as follows:sensitivity, 47.8%; specificity, 90.9%; PPV, 98.2%; and NPV, 14.5%. High-grade tumors were shown to have a higher sensitivity. The highest accuracy was found in the MIBC grade T3, which was 90.68%. For diagnostic accuracy, urine cytology offered high specificity, but low sensitivity. The exploration of other markers is needed to establish a non-invasive but accurate method to diagnose bladder cancer.
{"title":"Accuracy of Urine Cytology In Detecting Bladder Cancer","authors":"A. Syahreza, Ferry Safriadi","doi":"10.15395/mkb.v53n4.2460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15395/mkb.v53n4.2460","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most prevalent and deadly cancers in men is bladder cancer. To achieve the best possible outcome, physicians need to diagnose it promptly. The gold standard for diagnosis is tissue biopsy, but this method is invasive. There is another option for non-invasive diagnostic using urine cytology. The purpose of this study was to measure the accuracy of urine cytology in diagnosed bladder cancer patients. This study extracted data from patients medical records in a tertiary hospital in Indonesia from 2009–2019. The diagnostic accuracy was then compared between urine cytology and biopsy as the gold standard. Data on subjects’ baseline characteristics and diagnostic accuracy (sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV) were collected. Results were then stratified according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer pathology staging for bladder cancer. Of 124 study subjects, male was more dominant (male,88% versus female, 12%) Seventy-five patients had a T1-tumor stage. Overall, the diagnostic accuracy was as follows:sensitivity, 47.8%; specificity, 90.9%; PPV, 98.2%; and NPV, 14.5%. High-grade tumors were shown to have a higher sensitivity. The highest accuracy was found in the MIBC grade T3, which was 90.68%. For diagnostic accuracy, urine cytology offered high specificity, but low sensitivity. The exploration of other markers is needed to establish a non-invasive but accurate method to diagnose bladder cancer.","PeriodicalId":40791,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Kedokteran Bandung-MKB-Bandung Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41579560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Agreement on Overt Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation in Sepsis Patients between International Society of Thrombosis and Haemostasis Criteria and Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare Criteria","authors":"Dwika Audiyananda, Leni Lismayanti, B. Andriyoko","doi":"10.15395/mkb.v53n4.2398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15395/mkb.v53n4.2398","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40791,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Kedokteran Bandung-MKB-Bandung Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42329582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-03DOI: 10.1163/21983534-08020008
S. Mousavian, S. Ameri
This Policy Insight article argues that a growing security partnership between Russia, Iran, China, Turkey, Iraq, and Syria (rictis) will push the Middle East into an era of bipolarity. The paper demonstrates that rictis has significant convergence on regional security issues, and that these interests are distinct from those held by the American Security Camp, a collection of states that include the United States, Saudi Arabia, Israel, and the United Arab Emirates. The paper also argues that rictis has military and energy advantages that allow it to confront the American Camp’s regional dominance. Our analysis demonstrates how rictis might help deter unilateralism and democratize regional decision-making.
{"title":"The End of the Middle East’s Unipolar Era","authors":"S. Mousavian, S. Ameri","doi":"10.1163/21983534-08020008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/21983534-08020008","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This Policy Insight article argues that a growing security partnership between Russia, Iran, China, Turkey, Iraq, and Syria (rictis) will push the Middle East into an era of bipolarity. The paper demonstrates that rictis has significant convergence on regional security issues, and that these interests are distinct from those held by the American Security Camp, a collection of states that include the United States, Saudi Arabia, Israel, and the United Arab Emirates. The paper also argues that rictis has military and energy advantages that allow it to confront the American Camp’s regional dominance. Our analysis demonstrates how rictis might help deter unilateralism and democratize regional decision-making.","PeriodicalId":40791,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Kedokteran Bandung-MKB-Bandung Medical Journal","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90419059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-03DOI: 10.1163/21983534-08020002
B. Perera
The 1978 Constitution of Sri Lanka established a semi-presidential system within the country with constitutional provisions for a powerful executive presidency. Three decades later, practices of the presidents in the post-war period show commonalities with the Sinhala monarchy that prevailed in early colonial Sri Lanka. To substantiate this argument, this paper focuses on four kings from the Sithavaka and Kandyan kingdoms who reigned in Sri Lanka during the Portuguese colonization and the early years of Dutch colonization, i.e. from 1521 to 1687. These kings governed by feeding off perpetual conflict, using such as a political tool to retain their dictatorial authority and political relevance. Despite being formally constrained by the 1978 Constitution, presidents in the post-war period engage in a similar form of governance. However, this local conceptualization of the executive as a monarch clashes with the substantive democratic rationality of the office of president, which requires constitutional and political checks that apply beyond elections. Due to this clash between governance by perpetual conflict, which gains legitimacy from and has been instituted since Sri Lanka’s early colonial past, and democratic governance, the establishment of democratic constitutional norms within the country has been unstable.
{"title":"Governance by Perpetual Conflict: How Early Colonial Political Practices Undermine Democracy in Post-Civil War Sri Lanka","authors":"B. Perera","doi":"10.1163/21983534-08020002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/21983534-08020002","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The 1978 Constitution of Sri Lanka established a semi-presidential system within the country with constitutional provisions for a powerful executive presidency. Three decades later, practices of the presidents in the post-war period show commonalities with the Sinhala monarchy that prevailed in early colonial Sri Lanka. To substantiate this argument, this paper focuses on four kings from the Sithavaka and Kandyan kingdoms who reigned in Sri Lanka during the Portuguese colonization and the early years of Dutch colonization, i.e. from 1521 to 1687. These kings governed by feeding off perpetual conflict, using such as a political tool to retain their dictatorial authority and political relevance. Despite being formally constrained by the 1978 Constitution, presidents in the post-war period engage in a similar form of governance. However, this local conceptualization of the executive as a monarch clashes with the substantive democratic rationality of the office of president, which requires constitutional and political checks that apply beyond elections. Due to this clash between governance by perpetual conflict, which gains legitimacy from and has been instituted since Sri Lanka’s early colonial past, and democratic governance, the establishment of democratic constitutional norms within the country has been unstable.","PeriodicalId":40791,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Kedokteran Bandung-MKB-Bandung Medical Journal","volume":"359 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80204483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-03DOI: 10.1163/21983534-08020006
Jun Li
Based on broad observations of the development of Confucius Institutes and Classrooms in Africa over a decade, this article focuses on educational partnerships between Chinese and African educational institutions and their implications for international development, as they relate to international development in the era of post-Covid-19. The author identifies the Confucian Zhong-Yong approach to educational partnerships through Confucius Institutes and Classrooms in Africa, a pragmatic model for educational development centered on Confucianism. Three core characteristics of Confucian educational partnerships – demand-driven, ethics-based and pragmatic – are seen as the key to the success of such partnerships. Reflecting on Ubuntu from a Confucian perspective, the author concludes that China’s humanistic Zhong-Yong approach to partnerships has a unique potential to re-envision education for international development in ways that may be of interest to such international developmental agencies as the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, the World Bank, and the United Nations.
{"title":"China’s Humanistic Zhong-Yong Approach to Educational Partnerships for International Development in Post-Covid-19: Confucian and Ubuntu Perspectives on Confucius Institutes and Classrooms in Africa","authors":"Jun Li","doi":"10.1163/21983534-08020006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/21983534-08020006","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Based on broad observations of the development of Confucius Institutes and Classrooms in Africa over a decade, this article focuses on educational partnerships between Chinese and African educational institutions and their implications for international development, as they relate to international development in the era of post-Covid-19. The author identifies the Confucian Zhong-Yong approach to educational partnerships through Confucius Institutes and Classrooms in Africa, a pragmatic model for educational development centered on Confucianism. Three core characteristics of Confucian educational partnerships – demand-driven, ethics-based and pragmatic – are seen as the key to the success of such partnerships. Reflecting on Ubuntu from a Confucian perspective, the author concludes that China’s humanistic Zhong-Yong approach to partnerships has a unique potential to re-envision education for international development in ways that may be of interest to such international developmental agencies as the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, the World Bank, and the United Nations.","PeriodicalId":40791,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Kedokteran Bandung-MKB-Bandung Medical Journal","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91037612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-03DOI: 10.1163/21983534-08020005
Cleo Calimbahin
Clientelism in comparative democracies have evolved through time within informal and formal institutions. Using the book by Brkovic, that follows the tradition of challenging the unidimensional view of clientelism in Bosnia and Herzegovina, this essay provides the Philippine case as contrast and comparison. The article examines how both countries’ experience can open new avenues for us to understand the durability of clientelism and its relationship with formal and informal institutions. Brokovic’s agency and personhood within clientelistic relationships accounts for the endurance of this practice in democratic societies that experienced transition. Clientelism persists in part due to the reliability of personal relations over the ability of public institutions to deliver. This review article will probe clientelism, as it manifests in the politics of the Philippines and its democratic institutions. Among the multiple types of clientelistic relationship in the Philippines, some emphasize the role of machine politics, corruption, and coercion. Brković’s book provides a new lens of analysis by looking at clientelism through personhood and agency as power. The contribution of the book on the discourse of clientelism can deepen the understanding of Philippine politics because it encourages an analysis that looks at the exercise of democracy through personhood, agency, and informal institutions. It invites us to view clientelism not just through corruption and violence. By combining the analysis that utilizes formal and informal institutions, personhood and structuralist, this essay explains why some countries that have transitioned into democracies remain ambiguous states and explain the persistence of clientelism.
{"title":"Varieties of Clientelism in Comparative Democracies: Power, State Formation and Citizenship in the Philippines, Bosnia and Herzegovina","authors":"Cleo Calimbahin","doi":"10.1163/21983534-08020005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/21983534-08020005","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Clientelism in comparative democracies have evolved through time within informal and formal institutions. Using the book by Brkovic, that follows the tradition of challenging the unidimensional view of clientelism in Bosnia and Herzegovina, this essay provides the Philippine case as contrast and comparison. The article examines how both countries’ experience can open new avenues for us to understand the durability of clientelism and its relationship with formal and informal institutions. Brokovic’s agency and personhood within clientelistic relationships accounts for the endurance of this practice in democratic societies that experienced transition. Clientelism persists in part due to the reliability of personal relations over the ability of public institutions to deliver. This review article will probe clientelism, as it manifests in the politics of the Philippines and its democratic institutions. Among the multiple types of clientelistic relationship in the Philippines, some emphasize the role of machine politics, corruption, and coercion. Brković’s book provides a new lens of analysis by looking at clientelism through personhood and agency as power. The contribution of the book on the discourse of clientelism can deepen the understanding of Philippine politics because it encourages an analysis that looks at the exercise of democracy through personhood, agency, and informal institutions. It invites us to view clientelism not just through corruption and violence. By combining the analysis that utilizes formal and informal institutions, personhood and structuralist, this essay explains why some countries that have transitioned into democracies remain ambiguous states and explain the persistence of clientelism.","PeriodicalId":40791,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Kedokteran Bandung-MKB-Bandung Medical Journal","volume":"120 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73543026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-03DOI: 10.1163/21983534-08020007
C. Torres
This article discusses the origins and structure of what for the lack of a better term I will call the ‘Paulo Freire System’. Focusing on the historical experience of Angicos which catapulted Freire to world fame as an adult educator, a major claim of this article is that Freire’s work was a much more ambitious and revolutionary project than transforming adult education and literacy training becoming another landmark in the history of popular education in the region. The Angicos experience connecting public education with popular culture, the system that Freire and associates imagined in the sixties aimed for a profound and revolutionary transformation of public education in Brazil. With his exile in 1964, popular education becomes a model that could deeply affect public education worldwide. Represented theoretically in the pages of Pedagogy of the Oppressed, a pedagogical classic of the twenty first century, education is for Freire critical hermeneutics, addressing the dilemmas of citizenship building with a postcolonial ethics.
{"title":"The Paulo Freire System","authors":"C. Torres","doi":"10.1163/21983534-08020007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/21983534-08020007","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This article discusses the origins and structure of what for the lack of a better term I will call the ‘Paulo Freire System’. Focusing on the historical experience of Angicos which catapulted Freire to world fame as an adult educator, a major claim of this article is that Freire’s work was a much more ambitious and revolutionary project than transforming adult education and literacy training becoming another landmark in the history of popular education in the region. The Angicos experience connecting public education with popular culture, the system that Freire and associates imagined in the sixties aimed for a profound and revolutionary transformation of public education in Brazil. With his exile in 1964, popular education becomes a model that could deeply affect public education worldwide. Represented theoretically in the pages of Pedagogy of the Oppressed, a pedagogical classic of the twenty first century, education is for Freire critical hermeneutics, addressing the dilemmas of citizenship building with a postcolonial ethics.","PeriodicalId":40791,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Kedokteran Bandung-MKB-Bandung Medical Journal","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84780168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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