Pub Date : 2022-02-24DOI: 10.1163/21983534-09010002
Nii Kotei Nikoi, Seyram Avle
This paper explores the relationship between networked radio, media participation, and accountability in Ghana. Specifically, we examine how networked radio, the hybrid media space that is the convergence of radio and social media practices, works as a means of democratic accountability through citizen participation in media. We do this through an analysis of how two English-speaking radio stations in Ghana act as intermediaries between citizens and the state, underscoring how the networked elements of radio production facilitate public discourse and make the state less opaque to citizens. We show that while networked radio does provide multiple opportunities for media participation, this participation is relatively passive for the majority of listeners, in part because producers face increased interactivity in-studio and must employ gate-keeping tactics to fit the constraints of airtime. This trade-off inadvertently privileges elite voices over others, even if the radio stations work to diversify the voices heard on air. Still, networked radio provides a limited but necessary alternative to exacting accountability from public officials as those very dynamics of participation elicit the state’s responsiveness more regularly than the formal routes established for those purposes. Accordingly, we characterize Ghanaian networked radio as caught between ‘hogging the mic’ for an elite group of listeners and ‘passing the mic’ between them, the state, and the broader citizenry that constitute the listening public.
{"title":"In Between Hogging and Passing the Mic; Or, the Unintended Consequences of Networked Radio in Ghana","authors":"Nii Kotei Nikoi, Seyram Avle","doi":"10.1163/21983534-09010002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/21983534-09010002","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This paper explores the relationship between networked radio, media participation, and accountability in Ghana. Specifically, we examine how networked radio, the hybrid media space that is the convergence of radio and social media practices, works as a means of democratic accountability through citizen participation in media. We do this through an analysis of how two English-speaking radio stations in Ghana act as intermediaries between citizens and the state, underscoring how the networked elements of radio production facilitate public discourse and make the state less opaque to citizens. We show that while networked radio does provide multiple opportunities for media participation, this participation is relatively passive for the majority of listeners, in part because producers face increased interactivity in-studio and must employ gate-keeping tactics to fit the constraints of airtime. This trade-off inadvertently privileges elite voices over others, even if the radio stations work to diversify the voices heard on air. Still, networked radio provides a limited but necessary alternative to exacting accountability from public officials as those very dynamics of participation elicit the state’s responsiveness more regularly than the formal routes established for those purposes. Accordingly, we characterize Ghanaian networked radio as caught between ‘hogging the mic’ for an elite group of listeners and ‘passing the mic’ between them, the state, and the broader citizenry that constitute the listening public.","PeriodicalId":40791,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Kedokteran Bandung-MKB-Bandung Medical Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80700805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-24DOI: 10.1163/21983534-09010004
B. Gautam, Prem Prasad Poudel
This paper presents the relationship among Nepal’s linguistic diversity, multilingualism, and democratic practices by bringing into ideas from the global north and global south. The guiding question for exploring this relationship is, “why is Nepal’s linguistic diversity being squeezed despite the formulation of democratic and inclusive language policies that intended to promote multilingualism?”. To investigate this concern, qualitative data were obtained from semi-structured interviews with two purposively selected high-profile people working in the capacity of language policymaking in the state agencies. In Nepal, although democracy promoted awareness towards the issue of language rights and the need of preservation and promotion of minority languages, the narrowing of multilingual diversity continued in practice. This study concluded that democracy allowed neoliberal ideologies to penetrate sociolinguistic spaces and put greater emphasis on English and Nepali. While there is an intertwined relationship between linguistic diversity, democracy, and multilingualism, the ongoing democratic practices have become counterproductive in maintaining the linguistic diversity leading to the marginalization of minority and lesser-known languages. Also, despite ample literature documenting linguistic diversity as a resource and opportunity, the notions of ‘linguistic diversity’ and ‘multilingualism’ were utilized merely as political agendas and issues of critical discourses which have left negligible impact on changing the conventionalized practices of linguistic domination of Nepali and English. Therefore, we question the co-existence of diversity and democracy and claim that democracy alone does not necessarily contribute to the protection of linguistic diversity. In line with this concept, democratic practices could even be counterproductive in the promotion and protection of linguistic diversity. Our findings suggest future interventions about essentializing the use of minority languages in education and governance, alongside democracy providing the fertile grounds for policy pitches to address micro problems in maintaining multilingualism within a democracy.
{"title":"Diversity, Multilingualism and Democratic Practices in Nepal","authors":"B. Gautam, Prem Prasad Poudel","doi":"10.1163/21983534-09010004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/21983534-09010004","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This paper presents the relationship among Nepal’s linguistic diversity, multilingualism, and democratic practices by bringing into ideas from the global north and global south. The guiding question for exploring this relationship is, “why is Nepal’s linguistic diversity being squeezed despite the formulation of democratic and inclusive language policies that intended to promote multilingualism?”. To investigate this concern, qualitative data were obtained from semi-structured interviews with two purposively selected high-profile people working in the capacity of language policymaking in the state agencies. In Nepal, although democracy promoted awareness towards the issue of language rights and the need of preservation and promotion of minority languages, the narrowing of multilingual diversity continued in practice. This study concluded that democracy allowed neoliberal ideologies to penetrate sociolinguistic spaces and put greater emphasis on English and Nepali. While there is an intertwined relationship between linguistic diversity, democracy, and multilingualism, the ongoing democratic practices have become counterproductive in maintaining the linguistic diversity leading to the marginalization of minority and lesser-known languages. Also, despite ample literature documenting linguistic diversity as a resource and opportunity, the notions of ‘linguistic diversity’ and ‘multilingualism’ were utilized merely as political agendas and issues of critical discourses which have left negligible impact on changing the conventionalized practices of linguistic domination of Nepali and English. Therefore, we question the co-existence of diversity and democracy and claim that democracy alone does not necessarily contribute to the protection of linguistic diversity. In line with this concept, democratic practices could even be counterproductive in the promotion and protection of linguistic diversity. Our findings suggest future interventions about essentializing the use of minority languages in education and governance, alongside democracy providing the fertile grounds for policy pitches to address micro problems in maintaining multilingualism within a democracy.","PeriodicalId":40791,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Kedokteran Bandung-MKB-Bandung Medical Journal","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83899138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-24DOI: 10.1163/21983534-09010013
Anomitra Biswas, Tonisha Guin
This paper examines Agents of Ishq, an online site/project seeking to create a space for the public discourse of sex and sexuality in India, with particular attention to a single music video that is part of the project. The content produced by the project is informed by idioms of Bollywood films and film-music. The paper draws on the notion of popular culture to see how meanings are encoded within the video productions and explores the politics of representation of these audio-visual and textual resources. It also briefly examines the effect that being hosted on a digital platform, freely accessible at any time and from any location, (rather than as part of traditional and broadcast media) has on the content produced by Agents of Ishq. It examines the need for the proliferation of pedagogical resources of this kind and, at the same time, draws attention to the ways in which they need to be critically problematized in terms of the cultural hegemonies they may run the risk of reinforcing.
本文检视“Ishq代理人”(Agents of Ishq)，这是一个网路网站/计划，旨在为印度的性与性议题创造公共讨论空间，并特别关注其中一部音乐录影带。该项目制作的内容以宝莱坞电影和电影音乐的习语为基础。本文利用流行文化的概念来了解意义是如何在视频作品中编码的，并探讨了这些视听和文本资源的表现政治。它还简要探讨了托管在数字平台上的影响，在任何时间和任何地点都可以自由访问，(而不是作为传统和广播媒体的一部分)对Ishq代理制作的内容的影响。它审查了增加这类教学资源的必要性，同时提请注意这些资源可能有加强文化霸权的危险，因此需要对这些资源进行批判性质疑的方式。
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Pub Date : 2022-02-24DOI: 10.1163/21983534-09010012
Eunjeong Lee, S. Makoni
In scholarly discussions on “language” and “diversity,” much critique has been offered as to how research on languaging is implicated in perpetuating coloniality and pursuing decolonial options, including the white-gaze understanding and approach to the term, “diversity” (Heller and McElhinny 2017; Mignolo 2009; Rosa and Flores 2017; Walcott 2018). Extending these discussions, this article calls for centering languaging in the “streets” as an important way for sociolinguistics to contribute to building decolonial futures. We see “streets” as an embodied, dynamic space, organized by the goal of decolonial future making, layered with conflicting struggles, discourses, and historicities. Examining languaging in the “streets” can highlight how those oppressed by various colonial conceptualizations and ongoing coloniality work toward social justice and transformation in and beyond classrooms. We suggest three important considerations in sociolinguistic research on languaging in the “streets,” and conclude by emphasizing the importance of reflexivity of individual researchers and the field as a whole.
在关于“语言”和“多样性”的学术讨论中，关于语言研究如何与殖民主义的延续和追求非殖民化的选择相关联，包括白人凝视的理解和对“多样性”一词的方法，提出了许多批评(Heller and McElhinny 2017;Mignolo 2009;Rosa and Flores 2017;沃尔科特2018)。延伸这些讨论，本文呼吁以“街头”语言为中心，作为社会语言学为建立非殖民化未来做出贡献的重要途径。我们把“街道”看作是一个具体的、动态的空间，由非殖民化的未来创造的目标组织起来，分层冲突的斗争、话语和历史。考察“街头”的语言可以突出那些受到各种殖民概念和持续殖民主义压迫的人如何在课堂内外努力实现社会正义和转型。我们建议在“街头”语言的社会语言学研究中有三个重要的考虑，并通过强调个体研究人员和整个领域的反身性的重要性来结束。
{"title":"Sociolinguistic Protests for Decolonial Future Making: Toward Centering Languaging in the “Streets”","authors":"Eunjeong Lee, S. Makoni","doi":"10.1163/21983534-09010012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/21983534-09010012","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000In scholarly discussions on “language” and “diversity,” much critique has been offered as to how research on languaging is implicated in perpetuating coloniality and pursuing decolonial options, including the white-gaze understanding and approach to the term, “diversity” (Heller and McElhinny 2017; Mignolo 2009; Rosa and Flores 2017; Walcott 2018). Extending these discussions, this article calls for centering languaging in the “streets” as an important way for sociolinguistics to contribute to building decolonial futures. We see “streets” as an embodied, dynamic space, organized by the goal of decolonial future making, layered with conflicting struggles, discourses, and historicities. Examining languaging in the “streets” can highlight how those oppressed by various colonial conceptualizations and ongoing coloniality work toward social justice and transformation in and beyond classrooms. We suggest three important considerations in sociolinguistic research on languaging in the “streets,” and conclude by emphasizing the importance of reflexivity of individual researchers and the field as a whole.","PeriodicalId":40791,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Kedokteran Bandung-MKB-Bandung Medical Journal","volume":"297 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72542417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-24DOI: 10.1163/21983534-09010011
C. van der Merwe
What should be taken into account when language policies are developed? It is rarely the case that when language policies are developed, the focus is on issues outside of ‘language’. However, when issues of language are experienced in certain societies as a “cumulative disadvantage” (Piller 2016) together with other forms of domination, normative conceptualisations of language policy seem inadequate. The notion of ‘inhabitance’ is a generative lens through which to illustrate this. In the South African university space, since the #MustFall protests, the question of ‘inhabitance’ has taken centre stage in issues of curriculum and access. Through the act of throwing poo on the statue of Cecil John Rhodes, the #MustFall protests have firmly put on the agenda the need for universities to reflect upon itself, and to ask whose knowledges, bodies, histories and lifeworlds it legitimizes, and therefore, its complicity in maintaining coloniality. This has led to a wider call to decolonize universities. However, while the notion of ‘inhabitance’ has been central to the #MustFall protests, it has not been considered from the position of language and language policy. This paper reflects on institution-wide language policy conversations at a South African university arguing to shift attention from the orientations we take to language in language policy, to how policies “orient” (Ahmed 2007) bodies in university spaces. This paper seeks to add to the conversation in the South African Higher Education space in anticipation of the implementation of the new Language Policy for Higher Education (2020).
在制定语言政策时应该考虑什么?在制定语言政策时，很少会关注“语言”之外的问题。然而，当语言问题在某些社会中作为“累积劣势”(Piller 2016)与其他形式的统治一起经历时，语言政策的规范性概念化似乎是不够的。“居住”的概念是一个生成透镜，通过它来说明这一点。在南非的大学空间，自从#MustFall抗议活动以来，“居住”问题已成为课程和入学问题的中心议题。通过向塞西尔·约翰·罗兹(Cecil John Rhodes)的雕像扔便便，#必须下台#抗议活动坚定地将大学反思自身的必要性提上了议程，并问一问，它使谁的知识、身体、历史和生活世界合法化，从而使其在维持殖民统治方面的共谋合法化。这导致了更广泛的要求大学非殖民化的呼声。然而，虽然“居住”的概念一直是#必须下台#抗议活动的核心，但它并未从语言和语言政策的角度考虑。本文反映了一所南非大学的全机构语言政策对话，主张将注意力从我们在语言政策中对语言的取向转移到政策如何在大学空间中“定位”身体(Ahmed 2007)。本文旨在增加南非高等教育领域的对话，以期待新的高等教育语言政策(2020年)的实施。
{"title":"Re-considering orientations in South African Language Policies","authors":"C. van der Merwe","doi":"10.1163/21983534-09010011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/21983534-09010011","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000What should be taken into account when language policies are developed? It is rarely the case that when language policies are developed, the focus is on issues outside of ‘language’. However, when issues of language are experienced in certain societies as a “cumulative disadvantage” (Piller 2016) together with other forms of domination, normative conceptualisations of language policy seem inadequate. The notion of ‘inhabitance’ is a generative lens through which to illustrate this. In the South African university space, since the #MustFall protests, the question of ‘inhabitance’ has taken centre stage in issues of curriculum and access. Through the act of throwing poo on the statue of Cecil John Rhodes, the #MustFall protests have firmly put on the agenda the need for universities to reflect upon itself, and to ask whose knowledges, bodies, histories and lifeworlds it legitimizes, and therefore, its complicity in maintaining coloniality. This has led to a wider call to decolonize universities. However, while the notion of ‘inhabitance’ has been central to the #MustFall protests, it has not been considered from the position of language and language policy. This paper reflects on institution-wide language policy conversations at a South African university arguing to shift attention from the orientations we take to language in language policy, to how policies “orient” (Ahmed 2007) bodies in university spaces. This paper seeks to add to the conversation in the South African Higher Education space in anticipation of the implementation of the new Language Policy for Higher Education (2020).","PeriodicalId":40791,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Kedokteran Bandung-MKB-Bandung Medical Journal","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73439066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rizki Andriyani, D. Prihatni, I. Parwati, Tiene Rostini
Thalassemia is an inherited genetic disease caused by the disruption in globin chain synthesis. Inefective erythropoiesis in thalassemia leads to moderate to severe anemia, requiring routine blood transfusions. To evaluate erythropoiesis, immature reticulocyte fractions (IRF) can be measured using the hematology analyzer, avoiding the need of invasive bone marrow examination. The purpose of this study was to analyze the differences in the IRF percentage between moderate and severe anemia in transfusion-dependent thalassemia (TDT) patients. This was a cross-sectional comparative observational analytic study conducted at the Pediatric Thalassemia Clinic of Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung in August–September 2020. The IRF was examined using the fluorescence flowcytometry method with whole blood sample added by EDTA anticoagulant. The statistical analysis used in this study was unpaired t-test and Mann Whitney’s test. Subjects were 93 TDT pediatric patients, consisting of 48 boys (52%) and 45 girls (48%). The majority (72%) of the patients had been diagnosed with thalassemia for more than 5 years with moderate anemia (40%) and severe anemia (60%). The median IRF percentage in moderate anemia was 6.4% (range 0-22.7) while the range in severe anemia was 11.7% (range 4.1–35.8), suggesting a statistically significant difference (p<0.001) in the IRF percentage between moderate and severe anemia in transfusion-dependent thalassemia patients. To conclude, the more severe the anemia experienced by a thalassemia patient is, the higher the percentage of IRF.
{"title":"Difference in Immature Reticulocyte Fraction Percentage between Moderate and Severe Anemia in Transfusion-Dependent Thalassemia","authors":"Rizki Andriyani, D. Prihatni, I. Parwati, Tiene Rostini","doi":"10.15395/mkb.v53n4.2267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15395/mkb.v53n4.2267","url":null,"abstract":"Thalassemia is an inherited genetic disease caused by the disruption in globin chain synthesis. Inefective erythropoiesis in thalassemia leads to moderate to severe anemia, requiring routine blood transfusions. To evaluate erythropoiesis, immature reticulocyte fractions (IRF) can be measured using the hematology analyzer, avoiding the need of invasive bone marrow examination. The purpose of this study was to analyze the differences in the IRF percentage between moderate and severe anemia in transfusion-dependent thalassemia (TDT) patients. This was a cross-sectional comparative observational analytic study conducted at the Pediatric Thalassemia Clinic of Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung in August–September 2020. The IRF was examined using the fluorescence flowcytometry method with whole blood sample added by EDTA anticoagulant. The statistical analysis used in this study was unpaired t-test and Mann Whitney’s test. Subjects were 93 TDT pediatric patients, consisting of 48 boys (52%) and 45 girls (48%). The majority (72%) of the patients had been diagnosed with thalassemia for more than 5 years with moderate anemia (40%) and severe anemia (60%). The median IRF percentage in moderate anemia was 6.4% (range 0-22.7) while the range in severe anemia was 11.7% (range 4.1–35.8), suggesting a statistically significant difference (p<0.001) in the IRF percentage between moderate and severe anemia in transfusion-dependent thalassemia patients. To conclude, the more severe the anemia experienced by a thalassemia patient is, the higher the percentage of IRF.","PeriodicalId":40791,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Kedokteran Bandung-MKB-Bandung Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44741153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Nusdwinuringtyas, T. Fransiska, Peggy Sunarjo, K. Triangto, Sopiyudin Dahlan
Walking is an essential component of daily life and studies have shown the growing number of clinicians performing walking tests in their daily practice. This study is aimed to assess the validity and reliability of the Four-Meter Gait Speed (4MGS) test for healthy Indonesian adults (Mongoloid race). Data collection were conducted at the Rehabilitation Department of Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital during the period of August 2016 to March 2017. Two observers and two trials were involved in measuring the gait speed in the 4MGS test with a 6 meter track. All accumulated data were analyzed for validity using the Bland-Altman test, while test re-test reliability was done using Cronbach's alpha for internal consistency. Sixty-one subjects were involved in this study. There were no significant differences in inter-trial comparison from both observers (P=0.262 and P=0.954). Similarly, intra-observer walking speed comparison in both trials were also not significantly different (P=0.117 and P=0.869). The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) value between the first and second tests from observer I was 0.839 (Cronbach Alpha,0.911) while the value for observer II was 0.902 (Cronbach Alpha, 0.948). The ICC value between observer I and II in the first trial was 0.906 (Cronbach Alpha, 0.950); whereas the second trial demonstrated a value of 0.890 (Cronbach Alpha, 0.941). Thus, the 6 meter track 4MGS has a good validity and reliability for healthy Indonesian adults. It is expected that the walking speed from this study can be used for Mongoloid race living in other countries and the 4MGS can become an alternative speed-based walk test, especially during COVID-19 pandemic, due to its practicality in measuring functional capacity in a shorter
{"title":"Validity and Reliability Test of Four-Meter Gait Speed on Six Meter Track for Indonesian Adults","authors":"N. Nusdwinuringtyas, T. Fransiska, Peggy Sunarjo, K. Triangto, Sopiyudin Dahlan","doi":"10.15395/mkb.v53n4.2444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15395/mkb.v53n4.2444","url":null,"abstract":"Walking is an essential component of daily life and studies have shown the growing number of clinicians performing walking tests in their daily practice. This study is aimed to assess the validity and reliability of the Four-Meter Gait Speed (4MGS) test for healthy Indonesian adults (Mongoloid race). Data collection were conducted at the Rehabilitation Department of Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital during the period of August 2016 to March 2017. Two observers and two trials were involved in measuring the gait speed in the 4MGS test with a 6 meter track. All accumulated data were analyzed for validity using the Bland-Altman test, while test re-test reliability was done using Cronbach's alpha for internal consistency. Sixty-one subjects were involved in this study. There were no significant differences in inter-trial comparison from both observers (P=0.262 and P=0.954). Similarly, intra-observer walking speed comparison in both trials were also not significantly different (P=0.117 and P=0.869). The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) value between the first and second tests from observer I was 0.839 (Cronbach Alpha,0.911) while the value for observer II was 0.902 (Cronbach Alpha, 0.948). The ICC value between observer I and II in the first trial was 0.906 (Cronbach Alpha, 0.950); whereas the second trial demonstrated a value of 0.890 (Cronbach Alpha, 0.941). Thus, the 6 meter track 4MGS has a good validity and reliability for healthy Indonesian adults. It is expected that the walking speed from this study can be used for Mongoloid race living in other countries and the 4MGS can become an alternative speed-based walk test, especially during COVID-19 pandemic, due to its practicality in measuring functional capacity in a shorter","PeriodicalId":40791,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Kedokteran Bandung-MKB-Bandung Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49312116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Among the most prevalent infections worldwide, Soil-Transmitted Helminth (STH) infection is the one that affects the poorest and most deprived populations. Data from the WHO shows that more than 1.5 billion people are affected by soil-transmitted helminth diseases globally. In 2010, it was estimated that 819.0 million, 464.6 million, and 438.9 million people around the world were infected with Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, and hookworms (Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus), respectively, with the Southeast Asia as the region with the highest prevalence of STH. Children’s awareness and knowledge of helminthiasis are essential to reduce the STH infection prevalence. Unfortunately, evaluation on children’s understanding of helminthiasis is still scarce. This study was intended to measure children's knowledge of STH infections and its prevention, especially prevention measures at home, in Bandung District, Indonesia. This study was conducted in March 2021 on 506 children who lived in 15 different subdistricts in Bandung District. Data were collected through a questionnaire that was used for face-to-face interviews with the children. All data were recorded in RedCap apps for further analysis. It was demonstrated in this study that children in Bandung District generally have lowto-medium knowledge on helminthiasis prevention, symptoms, and treatment (85%). Thus, there is an urgent need for an education program on helminthiasis to complement the deworming measures conducted by the local government.
{"title":"Knowledge of Helminthiasis of People Living in Slum Areas of Bandung District, Indonesia","authors":"L. Faridah, N. Fauziah, R. Adrizain","doi":"10.15395/mkb.v53n4.2393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15395/mkb.v53n4.2393","url":null,"abstract":"Among the most prevalent infections worldwide, Soil-Transmitted Helminth (STH) infection is the one that affects the poorest and most deprived populations. Data from the WHO shows that more than 1.5 billion people are affected by soil-transmitted helminth diseases globally. In 2010, it was estimated that 819.0 million, 464.6 million, and 438.9 million people around the world were infected with Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, and hookworms (Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus), respectively, with the Southeast Asia as the region with the highest prevalence of STH. Children’s awareness and knowledge of helminthiasis are essential to reduce the STH infection prevalence. Unfortunately, evaluation on children’s understanding of helminthiasis is still scarce. This study was intended to measure children's knowledge of STH infections and its prevention, especially prevention measures at home, in Bandung District, Indonesia. This study was conducted in March 2021 on 506 children who lived in 15 different subdistricts in Bandung District. Data were collected through a questionnaire that was used for face-to-face interviews with the children. All data were recorded in RedCap apps for further analysis. It was demonstrated in this study that children in Bandung District generally have lowto-medium knowledge on helminthiasis prevention, symptoms, and treatment (85%). Thus, there is an urgent need for an education program on helminthiasis to complement the deworming measures conducted by the local government.","PeriodicalId":40791,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Kedokteran Bandung-MKB-Bandung Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41601905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Arief Setiawan, Ruswana Anwar, Tita Husnitawati, T. Djuwantono, W. Permadi
Adenomyosis is a pathological condition characterized by the presence of endometrial glands and stroma within the myometrium. Endometrial like cells development was influenced by local inflammatory reactions, increases local estradiol due to asynchromatized estrogen synthesis (ERβ) and then stimulated to proliferation and fibrosis, are also irritation on small nerve fibers in women with painful characterized symptoms on adenomyosis. There are expressions of neurofilament protein (NF) and protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5) is a highly specific pan-neuronal marker for microfilament nerve fibers and is related to presenting pain with adenomyosis symptoms. A retrospective immunohistochemical study of thirty samples histopathological of adenomyosis as study groups and 30 with control groups between 25–49 ages which were established at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital and the satellites in April 2014–May 2015. This case-control analyzed ERβ, NF, and PGP 9.5 expressions compared and correlation between study groups and controls. The results showed there were significant differences in expression of ERβ, NF, and PGP 9.5 on adenomyosis higher than the control study (p<0.05). The intensity was higher and very strong into the study groups (p<0,001). Cut off point of ERβ was more than>6(sensitivity 66.7%; specificity 70%), NF>3 (sensitivity 93%; specificity 46%), PGP 9.5>4 (sensitivity 90%; specificity 67%). Odds Ratio (CI 95%) ERβ>6= 4.67; NF >3=12.25; PGP 9.5 >4=24.75 (p<0.001). The value of histoscore of ERβ and PGP9.5 have correlates to adenomyosis, the differences were statistically significant (p<0.05). The conclusion were that the adenomyosis had higher ERβ, NF, and PGP 9.5 expressions. There are simultant correlates and positive values between ERβ, NF, and PGP9.5 based on etiophatogenesis of pain on adenomyosis.
{"title":"Correlation between Estrogen Receptorβ (ERβ), Neurofilament Protein (NF), and Protein Gene Product 9.5 (PGP9.5) Expressions as a Marker of Pain on Adenomyosis Etiopathogenesis","authors":"Arief Setiawan, Ruswana Anwar, Tita Husnitawati, T. Djuwantono, W. Permadi","doi":"10.15395/mkb.v53n4.2363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15395/mkb.v53n4.2363","url":null,"abstract":"Adenomyosis is a pathological condition characterized by the presence of endometrial glands and stroma within the myometrium. Endometrial like cells development was influenced by local inflammatory reactions, increases local estradiol due to asynchromatized estrogen synthesis (ERβ) and then stimulated to proliferation and fibrosis, are also irritation on small nerve fibers in women with painful characterized symptoms on adenomyosis. There are expressions of neurofilament protein (NF) and protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5) is a highly specific pan-neuronal marker for microfilament nerve fibers and is related to presenting pain with adenomyosis symptoms. A retrospective immunohistochemical study of thirty samples histopathological of adenomyosis as study groups and 30 with control groups between 25–49 ages which were established at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital and the satellites in April 2014–May 2015. This case-control analyzed ERβ, NF, and PGP 9.5 expressions compared and correlation between study groups and controls. The results showed there were significant differences in expression of ERβ, NF, and PGP 9.5 on adenomyosis higher than the control study (p<0.05). The intensity was higher and very strong into the study groups (p<0,001). Cut off point of ERβ was more than>6(sensitivity 66.7%; specificity 70%), NF>3 (sensitivity 93%; specificity 46%), PGP 9.5>4 (sensitivity 90%; specificity 67%). Odds Ratio (CI 95%) ERβ>6= 4.67; NF >3=12.25; PGP 9.5 >4=24.75 (p<0.001). The value of histoscore of ERβ and PGP9.5 have correlates to adenomyosis, the differences were statistically significant (p<0.05). The conclusion were that the adenomyosis had higher ERβ, NF, and PGP 9.5 expressions. There are simultant correlates and positive values between ERβ, NF, and PGP9.5 based on etiophatogenesis of pain on adenomyosis.","PeriodicalId":40791,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Kedokteran Bandung-MKB-Bandung Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46848068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Sobana, Tiara Pramaesya, U. Gamayani, L. Amalia, Suryani Gunadharma, A. B. P. Birawa
Early detection of Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD) is important for deciding on appropriate interventions for children at risk. However, there is no valid screening tool available at this moment. The purpose of this study was to validate the deGangi, Sensorimotor History Questionnaire for Preschooler (SHQP), and neurological soft sign of Cambridge Neurological Inventory (NSS CNI) against intelligent quotient (IQ) to establish a reliable cutoff for SPD screening tools for children aged 4–6 years. Sixty-four parent-child were recruited randomly from 3 kindergartens in Bandung, Indonesia. Eligible parents were asked to fill out the SHQP, while their child was assessed using theWechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligent (WPPSI) and NSS CNI. The deGangi SHQP score and NSS CNI showed a weak and moderate correlation with Full-scale IQ (FIQ). The total score of deGangi SHQP’s sensitivity was 50% with a specificity of 53.4% and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 91.2% agaisnt the FIQ score. The total sensitivity for the NSS CNI was 66.7%, while the total specificity was 58.6% and the NPV was 94.4%. Meanwhile, the sensitivity for the sensory integration subscale score of the NSS CNI was 83.3%, with a specificity of 60.3% and an NPV of 97.2%. The deGangi SHQP can be considered to be an SPD screening tool with the cut-off scores for each subscale of self-regulation, sensory processing of touch, sensory processing of movement, emotional maturity, and motor maturity of 3, 3, 3, and 2, respectively, while the NSS CNI can be used for identifying SPD in children aged 4–6 years with a cut-off scores for the motor coordination, sensory integration, and disinhibition subscales of 7, 10, and 3, respectively.
{"title":"Cut-off Score of Indonesian Version of Sensorimotor History Questionnaire for Preschooler and Soft Sign Cambridge Neurological Inventory against Intelligent Quotient","authors":"S. Sobana, Tiara Pramaesya, U. Gamayani, L. Amalia, Suryani Gunadharma, A. B. P. Birawa","doi":"10.15395/mkb.v53n4.2420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15395/mkb.v53n4.2420","url":null,"abstract":"Early detection of Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD) is important for deciding on appropriate interventions for children at risk. However, there is no valid screening tool available at this moment. The purpose of this study was to validate the deGangi, Sensorimotor History Questionnaire for Preschooler (SHQP), and neurological soft sign of Cambridge Neurological Inventory (NSS CNI) against intelligent quotient (IQ) to establish a reliable cutoff for SPD screening tools for children aged 4–6 years. Sixty-four parent-child were recruited randomly from 3 kindergartens in Bandung, Indonesia. Eligible parents were asked to fill out the SHQP, while their child was assessed using theWechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligent (WPPSI) and NSS CNI. The deGangi SHQP score and NSS CNI showed a weak and moderate correlation with Full-scale IQ (FIQ). The total score of deGangi SHQP’s sensitivity was 50% with a specificity of 53.4% and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 91.2% agaisnt the FIQ score. The total sensitivity for the NSS CNI was 66.7%, while the total specificity was 58.6% and the NPV was 94.4%. Meanwhile, the sensitivity for the sensory integration subscale score of the NSS CNI was 83.3%, with a specificity of 60.3% and an NPV of 97.2%. The deGangi SHQP can be considered to be an SPD screening tool with the cut-off scores for each subscale of self-regulation, sensory processing of touch, sensory processing of movement, emotional maturity, and motor maturity of 3, 3, 3, and 2, respectively, while the NSS CNI can be used for identifying SPD in children aged 4–6 years with a cut-off scores for the motor coordination, sensory integration, and disinhibition subscales of 7, 10, and 3, respectively.","PeriodicalId":40791,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Kedokteran Bandung-MKB-Bandung Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45474611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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