Pub Date : 1989-05-23DOI: 10.1109/NSEMC.1989.37188
C.L. Smith
Most of the complaints of interference from amateur radio operation in the United States and Canada involve only a few of the many bands authorized to this radio service. The bands most commonly involved are the popular DX bands at wavelengths of 15 and 20 m. The interference from these bands is almost entirely common-mode on the house wiring due to the close correspondence of wiring to resonant lengths at 14 an 21 MHz. The theoretical aspects of the problem are treated in detail and the mathematical description of the problem is derived. It is felt that any devices for electrical protection from such interference should be installed at the victim site.<>
{"title":"EMC and the 20-meter band","authors":"C.L. Smith","doi":"10.1109/NSEMC.1989.37188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSEMC.1989.37188","url":null,"abstract":"Most of the complaints of interference from amateur radio operation in the United States and Canada involve only a few of the many bands authorized to this radio service. The bands most commonly involved are the popular DX bands at wavelengths of 15 and 20 m. The interference from these bands is almost entirely common-mode on the house wiring due to the close correspondence of wiring to resonant lengths at 14 an 21 MHz. The theoretical aspects of the problem are treated in detail and the mathematical description of the problem is derived. It is felt that any devices for electrical protection from such interference should be installed at the victim site.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":408694,"journal":{"name":"National Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"184 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124353432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-05-23DOI: 10.1109/NSEMC.1989.37213
T. Pieńkowski, D. Johnson, M. Lanagan, R. B. Poeppel, S. Danyluk, M. McGuire
The results are presented of a preliminary investigation into the measuring of shielding effectiveness of YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-x/ both as a composite and as a monolithic material. A flanged coaxial test fixture was selected to measure the shielding. The composite samples showed little or no shielding. The monolithic sample showed substantially less shielding than predicted. Possible explanations for this lack of shielding are discussed.<>
{"title":"Measuring the shielding effectiveness of superconductive composites","authors":"T. Pieńkowski, D. Johnson, M. Lanagan, R. B. Poeppel, S. Danyluk, M. McGuire","doi":"10.1109/NSEMC.1989.37213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSEMC.1989.37213","url":null,"abstract":"The results are presented of a preliminary investigation into the measuring of shielding effectiveness of YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-x/ both as a composite and as a monolithic material. A flanged coaxial test fixture was selected to measure the shielding. The composite samples showed little or no shielding. The monolithic sample showed substantially less shielding than predicted. Possible explanations for this lack of shielding are discussed.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":408694,"journal":{"name":"National Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123454198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-05-23DOI: 10.1109/NSEMC.1989.37171
F. Tarico
The author discusses experience gained from the construction of an open-area test site (OATS) in an urban area with high ambient radiofrequency wave levels. It is shown that a high-quality site (as determined by site attenuation measurements) can be achieved by adhering to basic design practices and using conservative design practices when uncertain. The design approach taken to minimize site anomalies while minimizing OATS cost is discussed. Site attenuation performance as measured by the method given in ANSI Standard C63.4 is given for measurement setups with 3- and 10-m separation distances. Construction details are given.<>
{"title":"Experiences in building an open area test site","authors":"F. Tarico","doi":"10.1109/NSEMC.1989.37171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSEMC.1989.37171","url":null,"abstract":"The author discusses experience gained from the construction of an open-area test site (OATS) in an urban area with high ambient radiofrequency wave levels. It is shown that a high-quality site (as determined by site attenuation measurements) can be achieved by adhering to basic design practices and using conservative design practices when uncertain. The design approach taken to minimize site anomalies while minimizing OATS cost is discussed. Site attenuation performance as measured by the method given in ANSI Standard C63.4 is given for measurement setups with 3- and 10-m separation distances. Construction details are given.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":408694,"journal":{"name":"National Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121812348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-05-23DOI: 10.1109/NSEMC.1989.37142
R. McConnell
The half-wave dipole is the fundamental antenna used in the calibration of open-field test sites. Coupling among the antennas and their images causes a change in antenna center impedance, resulting in a correction of several decibels in the site attenuation model. A derivation of the method of calculating the effect of the coupled impedances is given along with a discussion of the correlations between the mathematical model and measurements on 3-m ranges. Resistive and reactive values are calculated separately. The Smith-German-Pate (1982) equations, expanded into separate resistive and reactive expressions, are then used to find the mutual impedances at the center of the transmit and receive antennas resulting from couplings among all the combinations of antennas and their images. The mutual resistances and reactances thus derived are then used to compute the delta antenna factor which is significant in bringing the mathematical model and the measurements on ranges into agreement.<>
{"title":"The effect of dipole coupled impedances on open field range calibration","authors":"R. McConnell","doi":"10.1109/NSEMC.1989.37142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSEMC.1989.37142","url":null,"abstract":"The half-wave dipole is the fundamental antenna used in the calibration of open-field test sites. Coupling among the antennas and their images causes a change in antenna center impedance, resulting in a correction of several decibels in the site attenuation model. A derivation of the method of calculating the effect of the coupled impedances is given along with a discussion of the correlations between the mathematical model and measurements on 3-m ranges. Resistive and reactive values are calculated separately. The Smith-German-Pate (1982) equations, expanded into separate resistive and reactive expressions, are then used to find the mutual impedances at the center of the transmit and receive antennas resulting from couplings among all the combinations of antennas and their images. The mutual resistances and reactances thus derived are then used to compute the delta antenna factor which is significant in bringing the mathematical model and the measurements on ranges into agreement.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":408694,"journal":{"name":"National Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114862248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-05-23DOI: 10.1109/NSEMC.1989.37151
R. McConnell
The susceptibility of a circuit to damage from an electromagnetic pulse (EMP) such as lightning or nuclear EMP is often tested by driving the circuit with an exponentially damped sine wave. The energy content of this function is derived in the time and frequency domains for both resistive and resonant loads, leading to a method of specifying the cutoff frequency of lowpass filters so as to limit the energy transferred from an EMP or EMP simulator to a specified burnout level.<>
{"title":"An energy analysis of the EMP damped sinusoid","authors":"R. McConnell","doi":"10.1109/NSEMC.1989.37151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSEMC.1989.37151","url":null,"abstract":"The susceptibility of a circuit to damage from an electromagnetic pulse (EMP) such as lightning or nuclear EMP is often tested by driving the circuit with an exponentially damped sine wave. The energy content of this function is derived in the time and frequency domains for both resistive and resonant loads, leading to a method of specifying the cutoff frequency of lowpass filters so as to limit the energy transferred from an EMP or EMP simulator to a specified burnout level.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":408694,"journal":{"name":"National Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124935331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-05-23DOI: 10.1109/NSEMC.1989.37143
E. B. Larsen, R. L. Ehret, D. Camell, G. Koepke
Two approaches are described that permit automatic stepped-frequency data acquisition and rapid calculation of several antenna parameters. These parameters include antenna factor, intrinsic gain, realized gain, antenna input impedance, voltage standing wave ratio and site attenuation. The effects of antenna impedance on the meaning and accuracy of antenna measurements are emphasized throughout. The technique now used at the National Institute of Standards and Technology for calibrating the antenna factor at frequencies from 25 to 1000 MHz uses a standard open-circuit half-wave receiving dipole to measure the electric field strength. This approach is compared with a three-antenna method that uses an accurate automatic network analyzer with 120 dB dynamic range to measure insertion loss between the transmitting and receiving antennas. A field site having a 30*60 m ground screen, which acts as a good reflector, is used. Thus, the effects of ground reflection are calculated and compensated for. The new insertion loss technique permits faster measurements with greater repeatability and reduction in calibration uncertainty, especially at frequencies above 75 MHz.<>
介绍了两种自动步进频率数据采集和快速计算天线参数的方法。这些参数包括天线因子、固有增益、实现增益、天线输入阻抗、电压驻波比和站点衰减。文中着重讨论了天线阻抗对天线测量的意义和精度的影响。目前，美国国家标准与技术研究所(National Institute of Standards and Technology)使用一种标准的开路半波接收偶极子来测量电场强度，用于校准频率为25至1000 MHz的天线系数。该方法与使用120 dB动态范围的精确自动网络分析仪测量发射天线和接收天线之间插入损耗的三天线方法进行了比较。使用具有30*60米地面屏幕的现场场地，作为良好的反射器。因此，计算和补偿了地面反射的影响。新的插入损耗技术允许更快的测量，具有更高的重复性和降低校准不确定性，特别是在频率高于75 MHz的情况下
{"title":"Calibration of antenna factor at a ground screen field site using an automatic network analyzer","authors":"E. B. Larsen, R. L. Ehret, D. Camell, G. Koepke","doi":"10.1109/NSEMC.1989.37143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSEMC.1989.37143","url":null,"abstract":"Two approaches are described that permit automatic stepped-frequency data acquisition and rapid calculation of several antenna parameters. These parameters include antenna factor, intrinsic gain, realized gain, antenna input impedance, voltage standing wave ratio and site attenuation. The effects of antenna impedance on the meaning and accuracy of antenna measurements are emphasized throughout. The technique now used at the National Institute of Standards and Technology for calibrating the antenna factor at frequencies from 25 to 1000 MHz uses a standard open-circuit half-wave receiving dipole to measure the electric field strength. This approach is compared with a three-antenna method that uses an accurate automatic network analyzer with 120 dB dynamic range to measure insertion loss between the transmitting and receiving antennas. A field site having a 30*60 m ground screen, which acts as a good reflector, is used. Thus, the effects of ground reflection are calculated and compensated for. The new insertion loss technique permits faster measurements with greater repeatability and reduction in calibration uncertainty, especially at frequencies above 75 MHz.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":408694,"journal":{"name":"National Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129365232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-05-23DOI: 10.1109/NSEMC.1989.37145
C. Vitek
A method is described for predicting the behavior of rectangular apertures that makes use of a special transverse electromagnetic (TEM) cell to simulate far-field behavior. Several test apertures of different dimensions (12*12, 12*9, 12*8, 12*6, 12*4, 12*3, 12*2, 12*1.5, and 12*1 in.) were selected to represent the ratios 1:1, 1.3:1, 1.5:1, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, 6:1, 8:1, and 12:1 in order to test the original assumption that the shielding effectiveness of all of these openings would be represented by the same equation: R/sub dB/=20log(w/2d) where w represents the wavelength of the signal across the opening, d represents the longest dimension of the opening in meters, and R is the attenuation in decibels. A relationship between the ratio changes and the shielding effectiveness was observed as well as a dependence on the polarization of the slot with respect to incident electric and magnetic fields. New models for both polarizations were developed based on the data. The one chosen to represent the worse-case shielding of the apertures is discussed.<>
{"title":"Predicting the shielding effectiveness of rectangular apertures","authors":"C. Vitek","doi":"10.1109/NSEMC.1989.37145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSEMC.1989.37145","url":null,"abstract":"A method is described for predicting the behavior of rectangular apertures that makes use of a special transverse electromagnetic (TEM) cell to simulate far-field behavior. Several test apertures of different dimensions (12*12, 12*9, 12*8, 12*6, 12*4, 12*3, 12*2, 12*1.5, and 12*1 in.) were selected to represent the ratios 1:1, 1.3:1, 1.5:1, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, 6:1, 8:1, and 12:1 in order to test the original assumption that the shielding effectiveness of all of these openings would be represented by the same equation: R/sub dB/=20log(w/2d) where w represents the wavelength of the signal across the opening, d represents the longest dimension of the opening in meters, and R is the attenuation in decibels. A relationship between the ratio changes and the shielding effectiveness was observed as well as a dependence on the polarization of the slot with respect to incident electric and magnetic fields. New models for both polarizations were developed based on the data. The one chosen to represent the worse-case shielding of the apertures is discussed.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":408694,"journal":{"name":"National Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128912978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-05-23DOI: 10.1109/NSEMC.1989.37192
J. Alkalay, R. Ebrahimian, H. Kendall, M. Laskowski, A. Lee, D. Noderer
As part of an effort to develop automotive electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) test procedures for evaluating conducted emissions and conducted susceptibility at the component level, an extensive survey of the electrical transients was conducted at various locations within the electrical/electronic system of a late-model automobile. Simultaneous measurements were made at selected potential sources of transients and at power-line inputs of potentially susceptible electronic modules. The recorded signals were then analyzed to arrive at a reduced set of fundamental types of waveforms. The implications of the results reported here on component EMC test procedures developed are discussed. It is concluded that there are three main types of conducted transient waveforms: glow discharge, inductive kick, and damped sinusoid. The glow-discharge type had the highest voltage amplitude and shortest risetime; the inductive-kick type had lower amplitude, much slower rise, but very long pulse width; the damped-sinusoid type had the lowest amplitude. These transients were highly attenuated as they reached sensitive electronic receivers. The survey results, although based only on one car, clearly indicated that the glow-discharge transients are the most severe, followed by the inductive kicks.<>
{"title":"Survey of conducted transients in the electrical system of a passenger automobile","authors":"J. Alkalay, R. Ebrahimian, H. Kendall, M. Laskowski, A. Lee, D. Noderer","doi":"10.1109/NSEMC.1989.37192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSEMC.1989.37192","url":null,"abstract":"As part of an effort to develop automotive electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) test procedures for evaluating conducted emissions and conducted susceptibility at the component level, an extensive survey of the electrical transients was conducted at various locations within the electrical/electronic system of a late-model automobile. Simultaneous measurements were made at selected potential sources of transients and at power-line inputs of potentially susceptible electronic modules. The recorded signals were then analyzed to arrive at a reduced set of fundamental types of waveforms. The implications of the results reported here on component EMC test procedures developed are discussed. It is concluded that there are three main types of conducted transient waveforms: glow discharge, inductive kick, and damped sinusoid. The glow-discharge type had the highest voltage amplitude and shortest risetime; the inductive-kick type had lower amplitude, much slower rise, but very long pulse width; the damped-sinusoid type had the lowest amplitude. These transients were highly attenuated as they reached sensitive electronic receivers. The survey results, although based only on one car, clearly indicated that the glow-discharge transients are the most severe, followed by the inductive kicks.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":408694,"journal":{"name":"National Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"566 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133772600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-05-23DOI: 10.1109/NSEMC.1989.37163
A. D. Smith, J.R. Lightsey, R. W. Hudson
A method is described for estimating the characteristics of pulses which were destroying transient voltage suppression (TVS) devices onboard the B-52 bomber aircraft. The method relies entirely on an analysis of the physical damage done to serviceable TVS devices in the laboratory under controlled conditions. A photographic record was made and then compared to the field-damaged and laboratory-damaged devices. If the physical appearances of the TVS devices damaged in the lab and in the field were identical, it was thought most likely that they were damaged by approximately the same type of pulse.<>
{"title":"A method for examining failed (shorted) transient voltage suppressors to determine the destructive pulse characteristics","authors":"A. D. Smith, J.R. Lightsey, R. W. Hudson","doi":"10.1109/NSEMC.1989.37163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSEMC.1989.37163","url":null,"abstract":"A method is described for estimating the characteristics of pulses which were destroying transient voltage suppression (TVS) devices onboard the B-52 bomber aircraft. The method relies entirely on an analysis of the physical damage done to serviceable TVS devices in the laboratory under controlled conditions. A photographic record was made and then compared to the field-damaged and laboratory-damaged devices. If the physical appearances of the TVS devices damaged in the lab and in the field were identical, it was thought most likely that they were damaged by approximately the same type of pulse.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":408694,"journal":{"name":"National Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131620191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-05-23DOI: 10.1109/NSEMC.1989.37167
G. Brock, A. McMahon, J. Salazar, P. Griffin, G. Capraro, A. Drozd, A. Pesta
A description is given of a field-to-wire coupling model enhancement to the Intrasystem Electromagnetic Compatibility Analysis Program (IEMCAP), along with a comparison of the enhanced and previous versions of IEMCAP. The previous model incorporates a bounding algorithm based on transmission line theory. High frequencies or large distances above the ground plane cause the transmission line model to break down. This motivated the enhancement to handle field-to-wire coupling from 1 to 40 GHz. This new model incorporates the results of experimental shielding measurements performed in a mode tuned reverberation chamber and method-of-moments calculations. The algorithms have been implemented in a modular manner and provide a smooth transition with the previous low-frequency IEMCAP predictions. Comparisons between the previous field-to-wire results and the enhanced algorithm results show that the new field-to-wire calculations are much less conservative. However, they match well with measured data. The new version of IEMCAP provides four new options: an out-of-band representation of port termination impedance, a user-selected flag for the presence of an exposed center conductor, a statistical confidence factor flag, and wire propagation characteristics.<>
{"title":"An SHF/EHF field-to-wire coupling model enhancement to IEMCAP","authors":"G. Brock, A. McMahon, J. Salazar, P. Griffin, G. Capraro, A. Drozd, A. Pesta","doi":"10.1109/NSEMC.1989.37167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSEMC.1989.37167","url":null,"abstract":"A description is given of a field-to-wire coupling model enhancement to the Intrasystem Electromagnetic Compatibility Analysis Program (IEMCAP), along with a comparison of the enhanced and previous versions of IEMCAP. The previous model incorporates a bounding algorithm based on transmission line theory. High frequencies or large distances above the ground plane cause the transmission line model to break down. This motivated the enhancement to handle field-to-wire coupling from 1 to 40 GHz. This new model incorporates the results of experimental shielding measurements performed in a mode tuned reverberation chamber and method-of-moments calculations. The algorithms have been implemented in a modular manner and provide a smooth transition with the previous low-frequency IEMCAP predictions. Comparisons between the previous field-to-wire results and the enhanced algorithm results show that the new field-to-wire calculations are much less conservative. However, they match well with measured data. The new version of IEMCAP provides four new options: an out-of-band representation of port termination impedance, a user-selected flag for the presence of an exposed center conductor, a statistical confidence factor flag, and wire propagation characteristics.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":408694,"journal":{"name":"National Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"108 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131929496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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