Pub Date : 1989-05-23DOI: 10.1109/NSEMC.1989.37166
K. Naishadham, J. Berry
A mixed (scalar and vector) potential surface integral equation formulation, originally developed for microstrip antennas by Mosig and Gardiol (1982), is used to compute the radiated emission from printed circuit traces that involve right-angular bends and gap discontinuities. Computed results for a gap-excited trace configuration loaded by a short circuit or an open circuit indicate good agreement between a quasistatic approximation of the trace current and a rigorous mixed-potential computation.<>
{"title":"A rigorous model to compute the radiation from printed circuit boards","authors":"K. Naishadham, J. Berry","doi":"10.1109/NSEMC.1989.37166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSEMC.1989.37166","url":null,"abstract":"A mixed (scalar and vector) potential surface integral equation formulation, originally developed for microstrip antennas by Mosig and Gardiol (1982), is used to compute the radiated emission from printed circuit traces that involve right-angular bends and gap discontinuities. Computed results for a gap-excited trace configuration loaded by a short circuit or an open circuit indicate good agreement between a quasistatic approximation of the trace current and a rigorous mixed-potential computation.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":408694,"journal":{"name":"National Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123425620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-05-23DOI: 10.1109/NSEMC.1989.37170
R.L. Schieve
Some typical measurement procedures used to perform radiated emission measurements at an open-area test site are discussed. Topics covered include examples of test equipment used, some aspects of emission maximization, equipment under test (EUT) activity during tests, and the minimum set of measurements required to assure compliance. Also discussed are some methods used to distinguish emissions from the EUT from background noise and situations where automation can be used to reduce human error and provide for more efficient data gathering.<>
{"title":"Radiated emission measurement procedures at an open-area test site","authors":"R.L. Schieve","doi":"10.1109/NSEMC.1989.37170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSEMC.1989.37170","url":null,"abstract":"Some typical measurement procedures used to perform radiated emission measurements at an open-area test site are discussed. Topics covered include examples of test equipment used, some aspects of emission maximization, equipment under test (EUT) activity during tests, and the minimum set of measurements required to assure compliance. Also discussed are some methods used to distinguish emissions from the EUT from background noise and situations where automation can be used to reduce human error and provide for more efficient data gathering.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":408694,"journal":{"name":"National Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"94 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116544830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-05-23DOI: 10.1109/NSEMC.1989.37174
P. Wilson, D. Hansen, D. Koenigstein
A type of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) test chamber for both radiated emission and susceptibility measurements is discussed. The design is essentially a transverse electromagnetic cell (TEM-cell) anechoic-chamber hybrid. A steady input power generates an almost constant field (better than +/-4 dB) anywhere in the recommended test volume from DC to frequencies exceeding 1 GHz. Susceptibility testing is done as in a normal TEM cell. Emission testing models test object radiation as due to an equivalent set of multipoles (in essence electric and magnetic dipoles). The multipole components are determined through a sequence of measurements. Once found, the multipole model can be used to predict test object radiation both in an ideal free space and above a perfect ground screen. In this manner time-consuming emission measurements, such as those required by FCC Rules Part 15 Subpart J or VDE 0871, can be simulated numerically. Both experimental and theoretical measurement data are presented for a widely available personal computer.<>
{"title":"Simulating open area test site emission measurements based on data obtained in a novel broadband TEM cell","authors":"P. Wilson, D. Hansen, D. Koenigstein","doi":"10.1109/NSEMC.1989.37174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSEMC.1989.37174","url":null,"abstract":"A type of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) test chamber for both radiated emission and susceptibility measurements is discussed. The design is essentially a transverse electromagnetic cell (TEM-cell) anechoic-chamber hybrid. A steady input power generates an almost constant field (better than +/-4 dB) anywhere in the recommended test volume from DC to frequencies exceeding 1 GHz. Susceptibility testing is done as in a normal TEM cell. Emission testing models test object radiation as due to an equivalent set of multipoles (in essence electric and magnetic dipoles). The multipole components are determined through a sequence of measurements. Once found, the multipole model can be used to predict test object radiation both in an ideal free space and above a perfect ground screen. In this manner time-consuming emission measurements, such as those required by FCC Rules Part 15 Subpart J or VDE 0871, can be simulated numerically. Both experimental and theoretical measurement data are presented for a widely available personal computer.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":408694,"journal":{"name":"National Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"253 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114290394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-05-23DOI: 10.1109/NSEMC.1989.37219
J. Brackett, Y. Rosenberg, D. McDonald
The Harry Diamond Laboratories continuous wave instrumentation system (HDL/CWIS) was developed for studying electromagnetic pulse effects on a variety of equipment. The system consists of the electromagnetic field generating and data collecting/processing equipment. The data acquisition system and the physical and electromagnetic properties of the system are discussed. Field-mapping data and responses of simple antenna structures, which were measured as part of the system calibration testing, are presented. The quality of the radiated field (in terms of planarity, uniformity, and repeatability) are discussed quantitatively.<>
{"title":"HDL CW instrumentation system","authors":"J. Brackett, Y. Rosenberg, D. McDonald","doi":"10.1109/NSEMC.1989.37219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSEMC.1989.37219","url":null,"abstract":"The Harry Diamond Laboratories continuous wave instrumentation system (HDL/CWIS) was developed for studying electromagnetic pulse effects on a variety of equipment. The system consists of the electromagnetic field generating and data collecting/processing equipment. The data acquisition system and the physical and electromagnetic properties of the system are discussed. Field-mapping data and responses of simple antenna structures, which were measured as part of the system calibration testing, are presented. The quality of the radiated field (in terms of planarity, uniformity, and repeatability) are discussed quantitatively.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":408694,"journal":{"name":"National Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129551359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-05-23DOI: 10.1109/NSEMC.1989.37209
L. Hoeft, T. Salas, J. Hofstra, W. Prather
Three electromagnetic leak detectors have been evaluated as quantitative hardness surveillance tools. The leak detectors included a low-frequency (150 kHz) twin-loop system that measured shielding effectiveness according to the MIL-STD-285 definition, a unit that used skin current injection and a ferrite coil sensor, and a transmitter/receiver that operated in the UHF range (462 MHz). First, the electromagnetic characteristics of the leak detectors were measured. Then the performance of the leak detectors was determined in the laboratory using a set of calibrated apertures whose shielding effectiveness had been predicted using polarizability theory. The leak detectors were used to measure the shielding effectiveness of hardened and unhardened apertures on a large commercial aircraft. It is noted that, with some modification to the operating procedures, each of the leak detectors could be used in a semiquantitative manner.<>
{"title":"Electromagnetic characterization of three RF leak detectors","authors":"L. Hoeft, T. Salas, J. Hofstra, W. Prather","doi":"10.1109/NSEMC.1989.37209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSEMC.1989.37209","url":null,"abstract":"Three electromagnetic leak detectors have been evaluated as quantitative hardness surveillance tools. The leak detectors included a low-frequency (150 kHz) twin-loop system that measured shielding effectiveness according to the MIL-STD-285 definition, a unit that used skin current injection and a ferrite coil sensor, and a transmitter/receiver that operated in the UHF range (462 MHz). First, the electromagnetic characteristics of the leak detectors were measured. Then the performance of the leak detectors was determined in the laboratory using a set of calibrated apertures whose shielding effectiveness had been predicted using polarizability theory. The leak detectors were used to measure the shielding effectiveness of hardened and unhardened apertures on a large commercial aircraft. It is noted that, with some modification to the operating procedures, each of the leak detectors could be used in a semiquantitative manner.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":408694,"journal":{"name":"National Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126392630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-05-23DOI: 10.1109/NSEMC.1989.37185
P. Vaccani
The Canadian National Licensing Database and Radio Frequency Allocation Plan are used with a specialized culling computer program to generate a list of frequencies to be monitored. This list consists of unassigned frequencies within a geographic area. These frequencies are then loaded into an automated monitoring system which obtains occupancy data under computer control. The onboard computer in the automated monitoring system is then used to analyze the data to determine frequencies which are being used. The frequencies found to be active are due to either illegal operation, interference problems, or data integrity problems in the database or the allocation plan. This method is intended for radio spectrum enforcement, since it identifies those radio frequencies, out of a much larger set, requiring further investigation, making the task of radio spectrum enforcement more manageable. The radio frequencies of interest are in the congested land mobile bands of 138-174 MHz, 406-470 MHz, and 806-890 MHz.<>
{"title":"Combining automated monitoring with a national licensing database for radio spectrum enforcement","authors":"P. Vaccani","doi":"10.1109/NSEMC.1989.37185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSEMC.1989.37185","url":null,"abstract":"The Canadian National Licensing Database and Radio Frequency Allocation Plan are used with a specialized culling computer program to generate a list of frequencies to be monitored. This list consists of unassigned frequencies within a geographic area. These frequencies are then loaded into an automated monitoring system which obtains occupancy data under computer control. The onboard computer in the automated monitoring system is then used to analyze the data to determine frequencies which are being used. The frequencies found to be active are due to either illegal operation, interference problems, or data integrity problems in the database or the allocation plan. This method is intended for radio spectrum enforcement, since it identifies those radio frequencies, out of a much larger set, requiring further investigation, making the task of radio spectrum enforcement more manageable. The radio frequencies of interest are in the congested land mobile bands of 138-174 MHz, 406-470 MHz, and 806-890 MHz.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":408694,"journal":{"name":"National Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134575678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-05-23DOI: 10.1109/NSEMC.1989.37141
R. Southwick, G. Runger
The detection and measurement of electromagnetic interference (EMI) signals using conventional EMI receivers and spectrum analyzers is discussed. A statistical approach is used to demonstrate that the probability of detecting a single signal increases as the receiver sweep rate increases. Signal density is defined by the Poisson random variable, and an equation is derived that relates the probability of detection to signal density and receiver sweep rate. The choice of types of receivers and detectors that ensure a maximum probability of detection is considered. A sequential process that first detects signals with a high degree of probability and then performs an accurate measurement of their amplitude and frequency is described.<>
{"title":"A theory to optimize the detection and measurement of EMI signals","authors":"R. Southwick, G. Runger","doi":"10.1109/NSEMC.1989.37141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSEMC.1989.37141","url":null,"abstract":"The detection and measurement of electromagnetic interference (EMI) signals using conventional EMI receivers and spectrum analyzers is discussed. A statistical approach is used to demonstrate that the probability of detecting a single signal increases as the receiver sweep rate increases. Signal density is defined by the Poisson random variable, and an equation is derived that relates the probability of detection to signal density and receiver sweep rate. The choice of types of receivers and detectors that ensure a maximum probability of detection is considered. A sequential process that first detects signals with a high degree of probability and then performs an accurate measurement of their amplitude and frequency is described.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":408694,"journal":{"name":"National Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133661417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-05-23DOI: 10.1109/NSEMC.1989.37146
J. Quine
The interior of a typical shielded enclosure is usually densely filled with interconnected electronic subassemblies each contained within its own shielded container and pretested to have a specified shielding effectiveness in a free-space environment. The problem of estimating the overall shielding effectiveness when these subassemblies are placed inside the shielded enclosure is discussed. An optical black-hole (i.e. reflectionless aperture) principle is used to obtain estimates (within 10 dB) of the shielding effectiveness of enclosures having dimensions that are large compared to a wavelength. Empty enclosures are considered, as well as enclosures filled with subassemblies, groups of which are characterized as domains. Formulas are given for cavity buildup for an empty enclosure and for an enclosure containing a domain comprising of a cable between two subassemblies. A limiting case is discussed for which this approach may not apply.<>
{"title":"Application of the optical black-hole principle to the estimation of shielding effectiveness to radio frequency energy","authors":"J. Quine","doi":"10.1109/NSEMC.1989.37146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSEMC.1989.37146","url":null,"abstract":"The interior of a typical shielded enclosure is usually densely filled with interconnected electronic subassemblies each contained within its own shielded container and pretested to have a specified shielding effectiveness in a free-space environment. The problem of estimating the overall shielding effectiveness when these subassemblies are placed inside the shielded enclosure is discussed. An optical black-hole (i.e. reflectionless aperture) principle is used to obtain estimates (within 10 dB) of the shielding effectiveness of enclosures having dimensions that are large compared to a wavelength. Empty enclosures are considered, as well as enclosures filled with subassemblies, groups of which are characterized as domains. Formulas are given for cavity buildup for an empty enclosure and for an enclosure containing a domain comprising of a cable between two subassemblies. A limiting case is discussed for which this approach may not apply.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":408694,"journal":{"name":"National Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131301660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-05-23DOI: 10.1109/NSEMC.1989.37204
A. Kozlowski, M. Barski, S. Stuchly
An experimental system developed at the University of Ottawa to measure the fields radiated by the electrostatic discharge (ESD) spark is described. Its key features are a Tektronix 7912HB transient digitizer with 750 MHz single-shot bandwidth for voltage measurement, and a broadband time-domain electric-field sensor. The system is modeled in four parts: (1) a source of charge, (2) a spark gap, (3) a target, and (4) a voltage-transient digitizer. For a source, P. Richman's (1985) DUAL-RLC human body model was used. A zero-resistance spark gap is assumed. The target is essentially a current-to-voltage converter-typically, a distributed 2 Omega resistor. These were combined with a simple one-pole model of an oscilloscope to build a SPICE simulation model of the system. The body capacitance was set to an initial condition of 2 kV, and a transient analysis was performed to simulate the image, i.e., the displayed waveform, on the oscilloscope. A bandwidth of 750 MHz was seen to be adequate to observe both the risetime and the peak of the ESD current, given the above model parameters.<>
{"title":"Electrostatic discharge research at the University of Ottawa","authors":"A. Kozlowski, M. Barski, S. Stuchly","doi":"10.1109/NSEMC.1989.37204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSEMC.1989.37204","url":null,"abstract":"An experimental system developed at the University of Ottawa to measure the fields radiated by the electrostatic discharge (ESD) spark is described. Its key features are a Tektronix 7912HB transient digitizer with 750 MHz single-shot bandwidth for voltage measurement, and a broadband time-domain electric-field sensor. The system is modeled in four parts: (1) a source of charge, (2) a spark gap, (3) a target, and (4) a voltage-transient digitizer. For a source, P. Richman's (1985) DUAL-RLC human body model was used. A zero-resistance spark gap is assumed. The target is essentially a current-to-voltage converter-typically, a distributed 2 Omega resistor. These were combined with a simple one-pole model of an oscilloscope to build a SPICE simulation model of the system. The body capacitance was set to an initial condition of 2 kV, and a transient analysis was performed to simulate the image, i.e., the displayed waveform, on the oscilloscope. A bandwidth of 750 MHz was seen to be adequate to observe both the risetime and the peak of the ESD current, given the above model parameters.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":408694,"journal":{"name":"National Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133858037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-05-23DOI: 10.1109/NSEMC.1989.37200
D.M. Staggs
The author presents ideas on how to set up a corporate electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) program. Corporate interactions with the US Federal Communications Commission (FCC) regarding product emission limits and certification are briefly reviewed. Emphasis is on the impact an EMC program will have on a corporation, the complete process flow resulting in proper product designs, and how it interrelates with the corporate organization. The possible problem areas, milestone points, and length of time required to completion are outlined. The impacts of different design philosophies are noted, and the role of the EMC engineer is discussed.<>
{"title":"Corporate EMC programs","authors":"D.M. Staggs","doi":"10.1109/NSEMC.1989.37200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSEMC.1989.37200","url":null,"abstract":"The author presents ideas on how to set up a corporate electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) program. Corporate interactions with the US Federal Communications Commission (FCC) regarding product emission limits and certification are briefly reviewed. Emphasis is on the impact an EMC program will have on a corporation, the complete process flow resulting in proper product designs, and how it interrelates with the corporate organization. The possible problem areas, milestone points, and length of time required to completion are outlined. The impacts of different design philosophies are noted, and the role of the EMC engineer is discussed.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":408694,"journal":{"name":"National Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115843010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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