Setareh Dashti Shokoohi, Mehdi Sheikhi, Pouya Safarzadeh Kozani, Pooria Safarzadeh Kozani, Mehdi Rabiee Valashedi, Chia Bamshad, A. Nikoo, A. Sheikhi
{"title":"Chimeric Antigen Receptor Delivery Approaches in the Era of Regulatory-approved T-cell Products for Cancer Immunotherapy","authors":"Setareh Dashti Shokoohi, Mehdi Sheikhi, Pouya Safarzadeh Kozani, Pooria Safarzadeh Kozani, Mehdi Rabiee Valashedi, Chia Bamshad, A. Nikoo, A. Sheikhi","doi":"10.5812/tms-131916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/tms-131916","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p />","PeriodicalId":408913,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Medical Sciences","volume":"145 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122858655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Leila Kalani, Vahid Kheirandish, Marzieh Beigom Bigdeli Shamloo, Mastaneh Zanganeh, M. Valiani, F. Mojab, Javad Moazen, N. Rashidi
Background: Fatigue is the most common symptom described by patients undergoing hemodialysis. Foot reflexology and then aromatherapy, among the types of complementary medicine, are the most frequently used intervention to control fatigue in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Objectives: The purpose of the present study is to compare the effect of aromatherapy with geranium essential oil and foot reflexology on Fatigue and daily activities of patients undergoing hemodialysis referred to the Hemodialysis Centers of Dezful University of Medical Sciences in 2019. Methods: This randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 90 patients (30 patients in the geranium essential oil aromatherapy intervention group, 30 patients in the foot reflexology intervention group, and 30 patients in the control group). After the consent form was completed by the patient, Visual Analogue Fatigue Scale (VAFS), Piper Fatigue Scale (PFS) and Nottingham Extended Activities of Daily Living (NEADL) scale were completed for patients before the intervention and then four weeks after the intervention. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive statistics (prevalence, mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (one-way analysis of variance and least significant difference (LSD) post hoc test, t test) in SPSS version 16. Results: There was a statistically significant difference between the pre-test and post-test PFS and NEADL scores in the foot reflexology group. After foot reflexology, the mean fatigue scores decreased significantly (P < 0.001) and the mean activities of daily living (ADL) scores increased significantly (P < 0.001). There were no changes in fatigue and ADL scores in the geranium essential oil aromatherapy and the control groups after the intervention (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Foot reflexology can be used as an effective nursing intervention to reduce fatigue and increase ADLs of patients with chronic kidney failure and undergoing hemodialysis treatment.
背景:疲劳是血液透析患者最常见的症状。在各种补充医学中，足部反射疗法和香薰疗法是控制血液透析患者疲劳最常用的干预手段。目的:本研究的目的是比较香薰加天竺葵精油和足部反射疗法对2019年在浙江医科大学血液透析中心就诊的血液透析患者的疲劳和日常活动的影响。方法:对90例患者进行随机对照临床试验，其中天竺葵精油芳香疗法干预组30例，足部反射疗法干预组30例，对照组30例。患者填写同意表格后，在干预前和干预后四周分别完成视觉模拟疲劳量表(VAFS)、Piper疲劳量表(PFS)和诺丁汉日常生活扩展活动量表(NEADL)。数据分析采用SPSS version 16中的描述性统计(患病率、平均值和标准差)和推断性统计(单因素方差分析和最小显著性差异(LSD)事后检验，t检验)。结果:足部反射治疗组PFS、NEADL评分与测试前、测试后比较差异有统计学意义。足部反射治疗后，平均疲劳评分显著降低(P < 0.001)，平均日常生活活动评分显著升高(P < 0.001)。干预后，天竺葵精油香薰组和对照组的疲劳评分和ADL评分均无变化(P > 0.05)。结论:足反射疗法可作为一种有效的护理干预措施，减轻慢性肾衰竭血液透析患者的疲劳，提高ADLs。
{"title":"Comparing the Effect of Geranium Aromatherapy and Foot Reflexology on Fatigue and Daily Activities of Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis: A Randomized Controlled Trial","authors":"Leila Kalani, Vahid Kheirandish, Marzieh Beigom Bigdeli Shamloo, Mastaneh Zanganeh, M. Valiani, F. Mojab, Javad Moazen, N. Rashidi","doi":"10.5812/tms-136136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/tms-136136","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Fatigue is the most common symptom described by patients undergoing hemodialysis. Foot reflexology and then aromatherapy, among the types of complementary medicine, are the most frequently used intervention to control fatigue in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Objectives: The purpose of the present study is to compare the effect of aromatherapy with geranium essential oil and foot reflexology on Fatigue and daily activities of patients undergoing hemodialysis referred to the Hemodialysis Centers of Dezful University of Medical Sciences in 2019. Methods: This randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 90 patients (30 patients in the geranium essential oil aromatherapy intervention group, 30 patients in the foot reflexology intervention group, and 30 patients in the control group). After the consent form was completed by the patient, Visual Analogue Fatigue Scale (VAFS), Piper Fatigue Scale (PFS) and Nottingham Extended Activities of Daily Living (NEADL) scale were completed for patients before the intervention and then four weeks after the intervention. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive statistics (prevalence, mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (one-way analysis of variance and least significant difference (LSD) post hoc test, t test) in SPSS version 16. Results: There was a statistically significant difference between the pre-test and post-test PFS and NEADL scores in the foot reflexology group. After foot reflexology, the mean fatigue scores decreased significantly (P < 0.001) and the mean activities of daily living (ADL) scores increased significantly (P < 0.001). There were no changes in fatigue and ADL scores in the geranium essential oil aromatherapy and the control groups after the intervention (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Foot reflexology can be used as an effective nursing intervention to reduce fatigue and increase ADLs of patients with chronic kidney failure and undergoing hemodialysis treatment.","PeriodicalId":408913,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Medical Sciences","volume":"183 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115513757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Heydari, Haniyeh Ranaei, Seyyed Ebrahim Hosseini Zargaz
Introduction: Multiple myeloma (MM) is a neoplastic proliferation of immunoglobulin-producing plasma cells that have multiple presentations due to the infiltration of plasma cells in the bone marrow and other organs. Common manifestations include anemia, bone pain, fatigue, and hypercalcemia. MM presented with rectorrhagia is very rare. Case Presentation: A 74-year-old woman with a history of rectorrhagia episodes from about nine months ago presented with severe anemia, weakness, and lethargy. The findings of endoscopy and colonoscopy did not justify the patient's manifestation, and finally, due to thrombocytopenia and anemia, a bone marrow biopsy was performed, and multiple myeloma was diagnosed. Conclusions: Although GI bleeding in Multiple myeloma is a very rare manifestation, this diagnosis must be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with unexplained and refractory GI bleeding.
{"title":"A Case of Multiple Myeloma with Extremely Rare Manifestation","authors":"S. Heydari, Haniyeh Ranaei, Seyyed Ebrahim Hosseini Zargaz","doi":"10.5812/tms-135833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/tms-135833","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Multiple myeloma (MM) is a neoplastic proliferation of immunoglobulin-producing plasma cells that have multiple presentations due to the infiltration of plasma cells in the bone marrow and other organs. Common manifestations include anemia, bone pain, fatigue, and hypercalcemia. MM presented with rectorrhagia is very rare. Case Presentation: A 74-year-old woman with a history of rectorrhagia episodes from about nine months ago presented with severe anemia, weakness, and lethargy. The findings of endoscopy and colonoscopy did not justify the patient's manifestation, and finally, due to thrombocytopenia and anemia, a bone marrow biopsy was performed, and multiple myeloma was diagnosed. Conclusions: Although GI bleeding in Multiple myeloma is a very rare manifestation, this diagnosis must be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with unexplained and refractory GI bleeding.","PeriodicalId":408913,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Medical Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126574386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Bosak, H. Aghababaeian, Rahim Sharafkhani, M. Kiarsi, Narges Majidipour, Leila Masoudiyekta, Elahe Darvishi, Dariush Rokhafrooz, Kamyar Samimi
Background: COVID-19 has been announced as an international public health emergency since February 2020 by the WHO. Objectives: The present study aimed to identify clinical manifestations and laboratory findings of COVID-19 patients and their relationship with severe outcomes. Methods: This cross-sectional study with descriptive and analytical purposes was conducted on 470 patients suspected of having COVID-19 infection hospitalized at Ganjavian hospital, one of the Referral Hospitals for COVID-19 patients, in Dezful, Iran. Patients’ records were reviewed for demographics and clinical manifestations, and the results of laboratory tests and severe outcomes from April to June 2020 were reviewed. The admission criterion was a definitive Coronavirus infection diagnosis, and the exclusion criteria were the medical records of patients who underwent three follow-up test appointments for any reason. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22.0. Results: The mean age of patients was 56.05. The most prevalent symptoms among COVID-19 patients were dry cough, fever, and respiratory complications. The most significant laboratory findings were between the first and third test appointments in WBC, MCV, MCHC, HB, PLT, CRP, ESR, BUN, CR, LDH, and SGPT (P < 0.001). Age, fever, nausea, chills, underlying disease, and some laboratory factors with severe COVID-19 outcomes (ICU admission and death) had a significant relationship. Conclusions: Considering the main clinical manifestation of COVID-19, such as dry cough, Fever, and Dyspnea (need for oxygen) also, results of laboratory tests such as Hb and RDW can have a key role in early detection to progress to severe outcomes, thus decreasing COVID-19 mortality rate.
{"title":"Clinical Manifestation, Laboratory Tests and Their Relationships with Severe Outcomes Among Patients with Covid-19","authors":"S. Bosak, H. Aghababaeian, Rahim Sharafkhani, M. Kiarsi, Narges Majidipour, Leila Masoudiyekta, Elahe Darvishi, Dariush Rokhafrooz, Kamyar Samimi","doi":"10.5812/tms-129560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/tms-129560","url":null,"abstract":"Background: COVID-19 has been announced as an international public health emergency since February 2020 by the WHO. Objectives: The present study aimed to identify clinical manifestations and laboratory findings of COVID-19 patients and their relationship with severe outcomes. Methods: This cross-sectional study with descriptive and analytical purposes was conducted on 470 patients suspected of having COVID-19 infection hospitalized at Ganjavian hospital, one of the Referral Hospitals for COVID-19 patients, in Dezful, Iran. Patients’ records were reviewed for demographics and clinical manifestations, and the results of laboratory tests and severe outcomes from April to June 2020 were reviewed. The admission criterion was a definitive Coronavirus infection diagnosis, and the exclusion criteria were the medical records of patients who underwent three follow-up test appointments for any reason. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22.0. Results: The mean age of patients was 56.05. The most prevalent symptoms among COVID-19 patients were dry cough, fever, and respiratory complications. The most significant laboratory findings were between the first and third test appointments in WBC, MCV, MCHC, HB, PLT, CRP, ESR, BUN, CR, LDH, and SGPT (P < 0.001). Age, fever, nausea, chills, underlying disease, and some laboratory factors with severe COVID-19 outcomes (ICU admission and death) had a significant relationship. Conclusions: Considering the main clinical manifestation of COVID-19, such as dry cough, Fever, and Dyspnea (need for oxygen) also, results of laboratory tests such as Hb and RDW can have a key role in early detection to progress to severe outcomes, thus decreasing COVID-19 mortality rate.","PeriodicalId":408913,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Medical Sciences","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124472297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Masihollah Shakeri, V. Rahmanian, F. Hooshmand, Naghmeh Bina, Abdolreza Sotoodeh Jahromi
Background: End stage renal disease (ESRD) patients who undergo hemodialysis treatment suffer from immune system disorders. The immunodeficiency of these patients makes them prone to various infections. Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of naturally acquired immunity against Haemophilus influenzae type-B (Hib) and its association with the duration of dialysis treatment, gender, and age of patients in hemodialysis patients in Jahrom city, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive was conducted on ESRD patients undergoing hemodialysis treatment, referred to Jahrom Hemodialysis Center, March - August,2022. In order to determine the presence or absence of an immunity to Hib in the patients, the qualitative level of anti-Hib Polyribosyl-ribitol-phosphate (anti-Hib PRP) antibodies in the serum of the patients were determined using the ELISA test using a specialized commercial kit. SPSS-21 was used to analyze the data. The chi-square test, univariate and multivariable logistic regression were used for data analysis. Results: The prevalence of naturally acquired immunity to Hib in patients was 26.13% (10.22% short-term immunity, 15.91% long-term immunity). A significant relationship was found between the prevalence of long-term immunity to Hib in patients and the number of dialysis sessions three times per week (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Considering that hemodialysis patients in Iran are not vaccinated against Hib, 26.13% prevalence of natural immunity against Hib indicates the same prevalence of Hib infection history in hemodialysis patients. A case-control study with a large sample size on hemodialysis patients is recommended to accurately determine the prevalence of Hib and to decide whether to implement a Hib vaccination program in these patients.
{"title":"Natural Acquired Immunity Against Haemophilus influenzae Type-B in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis Jahrom, Iran, 2022","authors":"Masihollah Shakeri, V. Rahmanian, F. Hooshmand, Naghmeh Bina, Abdolreza Sotoodeh Jahromi","doi":"10.5812/tms-132249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/tms-132249","url":null,"abstract":"Background: End stage renal disease (ESRD) patients who undergo hemodialysis treatment suffer from immune system disorders. The immunodeficiency of these patients makes them prone to various infections. Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of naturally acquired immunity against Haemophilus influenzae type-B (Hib) and its association with the duration of dialysis treatment, gender, and age of patients in hemodialysis patients in Jahrom city, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive was conducted on ESRD patients undergoing hemodialysis treatment, referred to Jahrom Hemodialysis Center, March - August,2022. In order to determine the presence or absence of an immunity to Hib in the patients, the qualitative level of anti-Hib Polyribosyl-ribitol-phosphate (anti-Hib PRP) antibodies in the serum of the patients were determined using the ELISA test using a specialized commercial kit. SPSS-21 was used to analyze the data. The chi-square test, univariate and multivariable logistic regression were used for data analysis. Results: The prevalence of naturally acquired immunity to Hib in patients was 26.13% (10.22% short-term immunity, 15.91% long-term immunity). A significant relationship was found between the prevalence of long-term immunity to Hib in patients and the number of dialysis sessions three times per week (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Considering that hemodialysis patients in Iran are not vaccinated against Hib, 26.13% prevalence of natural immunity against Hib indicates the same prevalence of Hib infection history in hemodialysis patients. A case-control study with a large sample size on hemodialysis patients is recommended to accurately determine the prevalence of Hib and to decide whether to implement a Hib vaccination program in these patients.","PeriodicalId":408913,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Medical Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130718073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sima Janati, M. Behmanesh, Sarah Madani, S. Poormoosavi
Background: One of the most important factors in the success of assisted reproductive techniques is the quality of the embryo generated in the laboratory. Whether to transfer only one high-quality embryo or a combination of high- and low-quality embryos is a dilemma. Objectives: The present study reviewed the embryo transfer records of IVF/intra cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) patients in Dezful Infertility Center, Iran, to evaluate the impact of the simultaneous transfer of a low-quality embryo on the growth and implantation of a high-quality embryo and live birth. Methods: This cross-sectional study evaluated the files and records of 802 patients undergoing IVF/ICSI at Dezful Infertility Treatment Center from 2013 to September 2020. The patients were classified into group 1: Patients with the transfer of only one grade A (equal blastomeres without fragmentation) embryo, group 2: Patients with the transfer of two grade A and B (equal blastomeres with slight fragmentation) embryos, group 3: Patients with the transfer of two grade A and C (unequal blastomeres with or without fragmentation) embryos, and group 4: Patients with the transfer of two grade C and B embryos. Results: The mean age of women and men was 32.52 ± 5.10 and 37.59 ± 6.60 years, respectively. Age, duration of infertility, cause of infertility, endometrial diameter, estradiol level, oocyte number, and embryo number had no significant differences between the groups (P > 0.05). Also, the findings indicated no significant differences between the groups in terms of implantation rate, live birth rate, fertility rate, multiple pregnancies rate, and chemical and clinical abortions (P > 0.05). Conclusions: It seems that the simultaneous transfer of embryos with different qualities does not affect the success rate and fertility outcomes in IVF/ICSI candidates.
{"title":"Evaluation of Fertility Success Rate with Simultaneous Transfer of Embryos with Different Qualities in IVF/ICSI Candidates","authors":"Sima Janati, M. Behmanesh, Sarah Madani, S. Poormoosavi","doi":"10.5812/tms-128140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/tms-128140","url":null,"abstract":"Background: One of the most important factors in the success of assisted reproductive techniques is the quality of the embryo generated in the laboratory. Whether to transfer only one high-quality embryo or a combination of high- and low-quality embryos is a dilemma. Objectives: The present study reviewed the embryo transfer records of IVF/intra cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) patients in Dezful Infertility Center, Iran, to evaluate the impact of the simultaneous transfer of a low-quality embryo on the growth and implantation of a high-quality embryo and live birth. Methods: This cross-sectional study evaluated the files and records of 802 patients undergoing IVF/ICSI at Dezful Infertility Treatment Center from 2013 to September 2020. The patients were classified into group 1: Patients with the transfer of only one grade A (equal blastomeres without fragmentation) embryo, group 2: Patients with the transfer of two grade A and B (equal blastomeres with slight fragmentation) embryos, group 3: Patients with the transfer of two grade A and C (unequal blastomeres with or without fragmentation) embryos, and group 4: Patients with the transfer of two grade C and B embryos. Results: The mean age of women and men was 32.52 ± 5.10 and 37.59 ± 6.60 years, respectively. Age, duration of infertility, cause of infertility, endometrial diameter, estradiol level, oocyte number, and embryo number had no significant differences between the groups (P > 0.05). Also, the findings indicated no significant differences between the groups in terms of implantation rate, live birth rate, fertility rate, multiple pregnancies rate, and chemical and clinical abortions (P > 0.05). Conclusions: It seems that the simultaneous transfer of embryos with different qualities does not affect the success rate and fertility outcomes in IVF/ICSI candidates.","PeriodicalId":408913,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Medical Sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125734366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Omidifar, Abolfazl Rafati Zomorodi, M. Hadadi, Nima Hosseini, M. Motamedifar
Background: Fetal abortion is one of the critical and controversial issues in most societies’ scientific, social, and academic ceremonies due to known and unknown reasons. Furthermore, updating our knowledge about isolated bacteria, their antibiotic resistance pattern, and related factors is essential for designing and implementing appropriate interventions. Objectives: The current study was conducted to determine the prevalence of bacteria among fetal abortion cases and demonstrate the antimicrobial susceptibility among isolated bacteria. Methods: For this, 153 blood samples were collected percutaneously from the heart blood of aborted fetuses 1 - 15 hours after birth; subsequently, the identification of bacteria and evaluation of antimicrobial susceptibility testing were performed. Results: Generally, 82 out of 153 test cultures were positive, comprising 66 and 26 Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, respectively. The most isolated bacteria among Gram-negative isolates were Acinetobacter spp. (34/82) and Escherichia coli (17/82). Likewise, the highest antibiotic resistance was detected for Acinetobacter spp. against cefixime, amikacin, gentamycin, and ciprofloxacin (24/34). On the other hand, Staphylococcus spp. was the predominant Gram-positive cocci (10/82). Also, the highest resistance for Staphylococcus spp. was against cefoxitin and ciprofloxacin (100%). Conclusions: It seems more focus on following the general hygiene of pregnant mothers is essential. However, further evidence of a clinical correlation between aborted fetuses and their mothers is required.
{"title":"Post-mortem Bacteriological Examination on the Heart Blood of Aborted Fetuses in a Major Teaching Hospital, Shiraz, Iran, 2016 - 2017","authors":"N. Omidifar, Abolfazl Rafati Zomorodi, M. Hadadi, Nima Hosseini, M. Motamedifar","doi":"10.5812/tms-132879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/tms-132879","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Fetal abortion is one of the critical and controversial issues in most societies’ scientific, social, and academic ceremonies due to known and unknown reasons. Furthermore, updating our knowledge about isolated bacteria, their antibiotic resistance pattern, and related factors is essential for designing and implementing appropriate interventions. Objectives: The current study was conducted to determine the prevalence of bacteria among fetal abortion cases and demonstrate the antimicrobial susceptibility among isolated bacteria. Methods: For this, 153 blood samples were collected percutaneously from the heart blood of aborted fetuses 1 - 15 hours after birth; subsequently, the identification of bacteria and evaluation of antimicrobial susceptibility testing were performed. Results: Generally, 82 out of 153 test cultures were positive, comprising 66 and 26 Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, respectively. The most isolated bacteria among Gram-negative isolates were Acinetobacter spp. (34/82) and Escherichia coli (17/82). Likewise, the highest antibiotic resistance was detected for Acinetobacter spp. against cefixime, amikacin, gentamycin, and ciprofloxacin (24/34). On the other hand, Staphylococcus spp. was the predominant Gram-positive cocci (10/82). Also, the highest resistance for Staphylococcus spp. was against cefoxitin and ciprofloxacin (100%). Conclusions: It seems more focus on following the general hygiene of pregnant mothers is essential. However, further evidence of a clinical correlation between aborted fetuses and their mothers is required.","PeriodicalId":408913,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Medical Sciences","volume":"137 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114454308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Mohebbi, Behzad Jafarinia, Babak Vazirian Zadeh, H. Kalantari, R. Rashti
Background: Schistosomiasis is a chronic parasitic and often weakening disease, which was endemic in Khuzestan Province, Southwest Iran. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Schistosomiasis in the north of Khuzestan province. Methods: The current study was carried out based on the parasitological method to observe the ova of the parasite in urine by light microscopy and serology method based on titer the volume of Immunoglobulin G (IGg) in the blood serum of school children. Results: The observation of parasite eggs in urine samples and the prevalence of infection based on examining antibodies against Schistosoma haematobium infection in the blood serum of students was zero. Conclusions: Based on the findings, the cessation of transmission and elimination of the disease in the investigated area in the north of Khuzestan province have appeared.
{"title":"Prevalence and Risk Factors of Schistosoma haematobium Infection Among Schoolchildren in the North of Khuzestan Province, Iran: Evidence for the End of Endemism","authors":"L. Mohebbi, Behzad Jafarinia, Babak Vazirian Zadeh, H. Kalantari, R. Rashti","doi":"10.5812/tms-130392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/tms-130392","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Schistosomiasis is a chronic parasitic and often weakening disease, which was endemic in Khuzestan Province, Southwest Iran. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Schistosomiasis in the north of Khuzestan province. Methods: The current study was carried out based on the parasitological method to observe the ova of the parasite in urine by light microscopy and serology method based on titer the volume of Immunoglobulin G (IGg) in the blood serum of school children. Results: The observation of parasite eggs in urine samples and the prevalence of infection based on examining antibodies against Schistosoma haematobium infection in the blood serum of students was zero. Conclusions: Based on the findings, the cessation of transmission and elimination of the disease in the investigated area in the north of Khuzestan province have appeared.","PeriodicalId":408913,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Medical Sciences","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130769956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Masihollah Shakeri, V. Rahmanian, Pouria Ghasempour, Abdolreza Sotoodeh Jahromi
Background: Immune system disorders are one of the main problems in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients undergoing hemodialysis. The weakening of the immune system in these patients makes them susceptible to various infections. Objectives: This research was conducted for the first time to investigate the prevalence of naturally acquired immunity to Meningococcus and its association with the duration of dialysis, gender, and age in hemodialysis patients. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on patients suffering from chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis referring to Jahrom Hemodialysis Center in March-August 2022. The qualitative level of anti-meningococcal polysaccharide antibodies was determined in serum samples using ELISA assay with specialized and commercial kits to determine the immunity to Meningococcus. Stata version 14 was used to analyze the data with the chi-square test, univariate, and multivariable logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of naturally acquired immunity to Meningococcus was 18.68% in hemodialysis patients. Sex, age, duration of hemodialysis, and the number of weekly dialysis sessions were associated with the acquired immunity to Meningococcus. Conclusions: As hemodialysis patients are not vaccinated against meningococci in Iran, 18.68% of the hemodialysis patients had a history of meningococcal infection. Considering the susceptibility of these patients to this infectious disease and its preventability, it is recommended to vaccinate these patients against meningococcal infection.
背景:免疫系统紊乱是终末期肾脏疾病(ESRD)血液透析患者的主要问题之一。这些病人免疫系统的衰弱使他们容易受到各种感染。目的:本研究首次调查血液透析患者对脑膜炎球菌自然获得性免疫的患病率及其与透析时间、性别和年龄的关系。方法:对2022年3 - 8月在Jahrom血液透析中心就诊的慢性肾脏疾病血液透析患者进行描述性横断面研究。采用ELISA法测定血清样品中抗脑膜炎球菌多糖抗体的定性水平，并用专用试剂盒和市售试剂盒测定血清样品对脑膜炎球菌的免疫力。采用Stata version 14对数据进行卡方检验、单变量和多变量logistic回归分析。结果:血液透析患者对脑膜炎球菌自然获得性免疫检出率为18.68%。性别、年龄、血液透析持续时间和每周透析次数与获得性脑膜炎球菌免疫相关。结论:伊朗血液透析患者未接种脑膜炎球菌疫苗，18.68%的血液透析患者有脑膜炎球菌感染史。考虑到这些患者对这种传染病的易感性及其可预防性，建议为这些患者接种脑膜炎球菌感染疫苗。
{"title":"Prevalence of Naturally Acquired Immunity to Meningococcus in Hemodialysis Patients in Jahrom, Iran, 2022","authors":"Masihollah Shakeri, V. Rahmanian, Pouria Ghasempour, Abdolreza Sotoodeh Jahromi","doi":"10.5812/tms-131689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/tms-131689","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Immune system disorders are one of the main problems in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients undergoing hemodialysis. The weakening of the immune system in these patients makes them susceptible to various infections. Objectives: This research was conducted for the first time to investigate the prevalence of naturally acquired immunity to Meningococcus and its association with the duration of dialysis, gender, and age in hemodialysis patients. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on patients suffering from chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis referring to Jahrom Hemodialysis Center in March-August 2022. The qualitative level of anti-meningococcal polysaccharide antibodies was determined in serum samples using ELISA assay with specialized and commercial kits to determine the immunity to Meningococcus. Stata version 14 was used to analyze the data with the chi-square test, univariate, and multivariable logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of naturally acquired immunity to Meningococcus was 18.68% in hemodialysis patients. Sex, age, duration of hemodialysis, and the number of weekly dialysis sessions were associated with the acquired immunity to Meningococcus. Conclusions: As hemodialysis patients are not vaccinated against meningococci in Iran, 18.68% of the hemodialysis patients had a history of meningococcal infection. Considering the susceptibility of these patients to this infectious disease and its preventability, it is recommended to vaccinate these patients against meningococcal infection.","PeriodicalId":408913,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Medical Sciences","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117229707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Rashidi, Marzieh Beigom Bigdeli Shamloo, Leila Kalani
Background: Nurses encounter a lot of stressors in the workplace because of high workload, long working hours, and work-income imbalance, and these stressors have increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Consequently, nurses' occupational stress levels have also increased, thereby increasing the incidence of anxiety disorders. Evidence indicates that anxiety disorders may result from a lack of appropriate coping strategies. Objectives: The present study aimed to determine the relationship between stress and coping strategies among nurses caring for COVID-19 patients. Methods: This descriptive study was conducted on 178 nurses selected by simple random sampling. Data was collected using Cohen's Perceived Stress Scale, Lazarus and Folkman's Ways of Coping Questionnaire, and a demographic information form, and it was analyzed using SPSS 16 software. Results: The results indicated that age and job tenure were directly associated with perceived stress. Accordingly, increases in age and job tenure were accompanied by increases in perceived stress (P < 0.05). The results also revealed a significant relationship between perceived stress and confrontative coping, distancing, self-controlling, seeking social support, accepting responsibility, planful problem-solving, and positive reappraisal strategies (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The study findings demonstrated that stress coping strategies differed among nurses depending on age, gender, education level, and other demographic features. As these factors cannot be changed in most cases, training nurses in stress coping strategies can reduce their perceived stress.
{"title":"Correlation Between Stress and Coping Strategies Among Nurses Caring for COVID-19 Patients: A Cross-sectional Study","authors":"N. Rashidi, Marzieh Beigom Bigdeli Shamloo, Leila Kalani","doi":"10.5812/tms-127413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/tms-127413","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Nurses encounter a lot of stressors in the workplace because of high workload, long working hours, and work-income imbalance, and these stressors have increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Consequently, nurses' occupational stress levels have also increased, thereby increasing the incidence of anxiety disorders. Evidence indicates that anxiety disorders may result from a lack of appropriate coping strategies. Objectives: The present study aimed to determine the relationship between stress and coping strategies among nurses caring for COVID-19 patients. Methods: This descriptive study was conducted on 178 nurses selected by simple random sampling. Data was collected using Cohen's Perceived Stress Scale, Lazarus and Folkman's Ways of Coping Questionnaire, and a demographic information form, and it was analyzed using SPSS 16 software. Results: The results indicated that age and job tenure were directly associated with perceived stress. Accordingly, increases in age and job tenure were accompanied by increases in perceived stress (P < 0.05). The results also revealed a significant relationship between perceived stress and confrontative coping, distancing, self-controlling, seeking social support, accepting responsibility, planful problem-solving, and positive reappraisal strategies (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The study findings demonstrated that stress coping strategies differed among nurses depending on age, gender, education level, and other demographic features. As these factors cannot be changed in most cases, training nurses in stress coping strategies can reduce their perceived stress.","PeriodicalId":408913,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Medical Sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126715684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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