Behrouz Karkhanei, Ahmad Moradi, A. Moradi, F. Ghasemi
Background: Spinal anesthesia is one of the most common and safest methods of anesthesia. However, a challenge for patients who are candidates for spinal anesthesia is the pain caused by inserting the spinal needle. It seems possible to reduce needle pain with local pressure, based on the gate control theory in spinal anesthesia. Objectives: This clinical trial aims to evaluate the effect of applying local pressure on the intensity of pain caused by needles during spinal anesthesia. Methods: In this study, 120 adult patients aged 18 - 50 who were scheduled for elective surgery under spinal anesthesia and had an American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) I-III were randomly assigned to the control and intervention groups. In the intervention group, just before inserting the spinal needle, a local pressure of about 5 kg using the thumb was applied to the skin at the needle insertion point for 15 seconds. The control group received routine anesthesia. The severity of needle pain was compared between the two groups using the verbal rating scale (VRS) tool. Results: The incidence of mild pain in the intervention and control groups was 78.7% and 60%, respectively. Also, the control group experienced higher levels of moderate and severe pain compared to the intervention group. In addition, patients in the control group had a higher chance (odds ratio (OR): 3.4, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.5 - 7.8, P = 0.039) of experiencing moderate to severe pain compared to the intervention group. Pain intensity was significantly lower in patients with a spinal anesthesia history (P = 0.028). Conclusions: Our findings showed that applying local pressure on the skin before inserting a spinal needle can effectively reduce pain during spinal anesthesia. However, further studies with a larger sample size are necessary to confirm the effects of applying local pressure to reduce needle pain during spinal anesthesia.
{"title":"The Impact of Local Pressure on Needle Puncture Pain Severity During Spinal Anesthesia in Patients with Elective Surgery Under Spinal Anesthesia: A Randomized, Single-Blinded, Controlled Clinical Trial","authors":"Behrouz Karkhanei, Ahmad Moradi, A. Moradi, F. Ghasemi","doi":"10.5812/tms-134820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/tms-134820","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Spinal anesthesia is one of the most common and safest methods of anesthesia. However, a challenge for patients who are candidates for spinal anesthesia is the pain caused by inserting the spinal needle. It seems possible to reduce needle pain with local pressure, based on the gate control theory in spinal anesthesia. Objectives: This clinical trial aims to evaluate the effect of applying local pressure on the intensity of pain caused by needles during spinal anesthesia. Methods: In this study, 120 adult patients aged 18 - 50 who were scheduled for elective surgery under spinal anesthesia and had an American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) I-III were randomly assigned to the control and intervention groups. In the intervention group, just before inserting the spinal needle, a local pressure of about 5 kg using the thumb was applied to the skin at the needle insertion point for 15 seconds. The control group received routine anesthesia. The severity of needle pain was compared between the two groups using the verbal rating scale (VRS) tool. Results: The incidence of mild pain in the intervention and control groups was 78.7% and 60%, respectively. Also, the control group experienced higher levels of moderate and severe pain compared to the intervention group. In addition, patients in the control group had a higher chance (odds ratio (OR): 3.4, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.5 - 7.8, P = 0.039) of experiencing moderate to severe pain compared to the intervention group. Pain intensity was significantly lower in patients with a spinal anesthesia history (P = 0.028). Conclusions: Our findings showed that applying local pressure on the skin before inserting a spinal needle can effectively reduce pain during spinal anesthesia. However, further studies with a larger sample size are necessary to confirm the effects of applying local pressure to reduce needle pain during spinal anesthesia.","PeriodicalId":408913,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Medical Sciences","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134554857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hieu Trung Nguyen, Kien Trung Nguyen, Cuong Quoc Tran, Huynh Van Duong, Binh Thanh Le, Yen Tieu Luong, Tu M. Hoang
Background: Prostate cancer is a common disease in men, with the second-highest incidence rate and the fifth-highest mortality rate worldwide. Diagnoses to determine prostate cancer need to be based on factors such as rectal examination, total PSA in serum, and the result of a prostate biopsy. Our study aimed to evaluate the results of rectal prostate biopsies of 12 cores under the direction of ultrasound. Objectives: Assess results of transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy by the method of 12 cores. Methods: This was cross-sectional research of 60 patients with prostate tumors with indications for biopsy from 5/2021 to 5/2022 at the Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital. Our research conducts medical history and patient history to score 2 points on IPSS (International Prostate Syndrome Score) and QoL (Quality of Life Index), and we use the descriptive statistic method to analyze data. The indications for the prostate biopsy were abnormal digital rectal examination findings and/or an elevated serum total prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level (greater than 10 ng/mL). The participants received prophylactic vein bacsulfo (1000 mg) and oral metronidazol (500 mg) before and maintained continued after about 3 days. A Fleet enema was self-administered the night before the procedure for rectal cleansing. Results: The average age of patients was 68.72, and the most common reason for hospitalization was dysuria at 80%. The average IPSS was 26.21 ± 4.49, the average QoL was 3.38 ± 0.67, and the average total PSA was 26.11 ng/mL. The prostate cancer detection rate after the biopsy was 40% (24/60). Gleason’s scores determined accounted for 45.83% (11/24) from 8 points or more. There were two cases of strong rectal bleeding (3.33%) and one case of strong hematuria (1.67%). Conclusions: Transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy is valuable in the diagnosis of prostate cancer and feasible at our hospital.
{"title":"Results of Transrectal Ultrasound-Guided Prostate Biopsy by the Method of 12 Cores at Can Tho University Hospital","authors":"Hieu Trung Nguyen, Kien Trung Nguyen, Cuong Quoc Tran, Huynh Van Duong, Binh Thanh Le, Yen Tieu Luong, Tu M. Hoang","doi":"10.5812/tms-133878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/tms-133878","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Prostate cancer is a common disease in men, with the second-highest incidence rate and the fifth-highest mortality rate worldwide. Diagnoses to determine prostate cancer need to be based on factors such as rectal examination, total PSA in serum, and the result of a prostate biopsy. Our study aimed to evaluate the results of rectal prostate biopsies of 12 cores under the direction of ultrasound. Objectives: Assess results of transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy by the method of 12 cores. Methods: This was cross-sectional research of 60 patients with prostate tumors with indications for biopsy from 5/2021 to 5/2022 at the Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital. Our research conducts medical history and patient history to score 2 points on IPSS (International Prostate Syndrome Score) and QoL (Quality of Life Index), and we use the descriptive statistic method to analyze data. The indications for the prostate biopsy were abnormal digital rectal examination findings and/or an elevated serum total prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level (greater than 10 ng/mL). The participants received prophylactic vein bacsulfo (1000 mg) and oral metronidazol (500 mg) before and maintained continued after about 3 days. A Fleet enema was self-administered the night before the procedure for rectal cleansing. Results: The average age of patients was 68.72, and the most common reason for hospitalization was dysuria at 80%. The average IPSS was 26.21 ± 4.49, the average QoL was 3.38 ± 0.67, and the average total PSA was 26.11 ng/mL. The prostate cancer detection rate after the biopsy was 40% (24/60). Gleason’s scores determined accounted for 45.83% (11/24) from 8 points or more. There were two cases of strong rectal bleeding (3.33%) and one case of strong hematuria (1.67%). Conclusions: Transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy is valuable in the diagnosis of prostate cancer and feasible at our hospital.","PeriodicalId":408913,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Medical Sciences","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115009307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vahid Kheirandish, Maysam Mard-Soltani, F. Mojab, Neda Shakerian, Farhad Nanaie
Background: Millions of health workers in operating rooms worldwide are exposed to inhaled anesthetics. However, the effects of continuous exposure to inhalational anesthetics are still controversial in many studies. Objectives: The present study investigated the effects of milk thistle, green tea, and cinnamon consumption on liver enzymes in operating room personnel. Methods: In this study, we investigated the effects of milk thistle tea, green tea, and cinnamon tea on liver enzymes in operating room staff in a controlled, double-blind study from 2019 to 2020. In two parallel groups, 62 subjects were randomly assigned to ingest the beverages the teas. Milk thistle, green tea, and cinnamon were taken daily for four weeks. During the intervention, all participants were educated about the importance of a balanced diet and physical activity. Results: The milk thistle, green tea, and cinnamon groups showed a significant statistical difference in reduced levels of AST, ALT, ALP, ALB, GGT, bilirubin, and ESR after four weeks (P value < 0.001). Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrated that ingesting green tea and cinnamon reduced liver enzymes in surgical personnel. Among the extracts, milk thistle had a greater effect on liver enzymes than the other two extracts. It can be concluded that the prescribed milk thistle extract can be considered a potential intervention to improve liver enzyme levels in surgical personnel to reduce the adverse effects of anesthetics.
{"title":"The Effect of Milk Thistle, Green Tea, and Cinnamon Beverages on Liver Enzymes of Operating Room Anesthesia Personnel","authors":"Vahid Kheirandish, Maysam Mard-Soltani, F. Mojab, Neda Shakerian, Farhad Nanaie","doi":"10.5812/tms-136000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/tms-136000","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Millions of health workers in operating rooms worldwide are exposed to inhaled anesthetics. However, the effects of continuous exposure to inhalational anesthetics are still controversial in many studies. Objectives: The present study investigated the effects of milk thistle, green tea, and cinnamon consumption on liver enzymes in operating room personnel. Methods: In this study, we investigated the effects of milk thistle tea, green tea, and cinnamon tea on liver enzymes in operating room staff in a controlled, double-blind study from 2019 to 2020. In two parallel groups, 62 subjects were randomly assigned to ingest the beverages the teas. Milk thistle, green tea, and cinnamon were taken daily for four weeks. During the intervention, all participants were educated about the importance of a balanced diet and physical activity. Results: The milk thistle, green tea, and cinnamon groups showed a significant statistical difference in reduced levels of AST, ALT, ALP, ALB, GGT, bilirubin, and ESR after four weeks (P value < 0.001). Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrated that ingesting green tea and cinnamon reduced liver enzymes in surgical personnel. Among the extracts, milk thistle had a greater effect on liver enzymes than the other two extracts. It can be concluded that the prescribed milk thistle extract can be considered a potential intervention to improve liver enzyme levels in surgical personnel to reduce the adverse effects of anesthetics.","PeriodicalId":408913,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Medical Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130252243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Somayeh Jafrasteh, Ali Arianezhad, M. Eghtedari, Mohammadhossein Banitorfi, B. Azizolahi
Context: In 2019, a novel Coronavirus officially named by WHO as coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia quickly spread worldwide and became a pandemic. At first, it was considered that the complications just included older populations, but its association with Kawasaki vasculitis disease further complicated the issues. Evidence Acquisition: A literature search was conducted using various scientific databases of Springer, Scopus, Wiley, Science Direct, PubMed, ProQuest, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Clinical Key. Keywords COVID-19, Kawasaki vasculitis, Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome, pediatric, RNA viruses, cytokine storm, 2019 nCoV Diseases, SARS CoV 2 Infection, and SARS CoV 2 were used to filter the search results. After assessing each retrieved article against inclusion-exclusion criteria, 63 papers were deemed eligible for inclusion in this review. Results: Our study linked Kawasaki disease with COVID-19 pneumonia in three pathways: (1) Interference of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the pathogenesis of SARS CoV 2 and Kawasaki vasculitis diseases, (2) The similarity of clinical manifestation and immune system response in SARS CoV 2 and Kawasaki vasculitis diseases, (3) The role of COVID-19 as a risk factor next to other risk factors. Conclusions: Kawasaki vasculitis disease could be indicated along with infection with Coronaviridae viruses in pediatrics. Recognition of Kawasaki vasculitis disease with focusing on COVID-19 pathogenesis, aside from restriction of risk factors and detection of best treatment.
{"title":"The Association between Kawasaki Disease and COVID-19: The Alarm for Pediatrics","authors":"Somayeh Jafrasteh, Ali Arianezhad, M. Eghtedari, Mohammadhossein Banitorfi, B. Azizolahi","doi":"10.5812/tms-138838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/tms-138838","url":null,"abstract":"Context: In 2019, a novel Coronavirus officially named by WHO as coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia quickly spread worldwide and became a pandemic. At first, it was considered that the complications just included older populations, but its association with Kawasaki vasculitis disease further complicated the issues. Evidence Acquisition: A literature search was conducted using various scientific databases of Springer, Scopus, Wiley, Science Direct, PubMed, ProQuest, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Clinical Key. Keywords COVID-19, Kawasaki vasculitis, Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome, pediatric, RNA viruses, cytokine storm, 2019 nCoV Diseases, SARS CoV 2 Infection, and SARS CoV 2 were used to filter the search results. After assessing each retrieved article against inclusion-exclusion criteria, 63 papers were deemed eligible for inclusion in this review. Results: Our study linked Kawasaki disease with COVID-19 pneumonia in three pathways: (1) Interference of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the pathogenesis of SARS CoV 2 and Kawasaki vasculitis diseases, (2) The similarity of clinical manifestation and immune system response in SARS CoV 2 and Kawasaki vasculitis diseases, (3) The role of COVID-19 as a risk factor next to other risk factors. Conclusions: Kawasaki vasculitis disease could be indicated along with infection with Coronaviridae viruses in pediatrics. Recognition of Kawasaki vasculitis disease with focusing on COVID-19 pathogenesis, aside from restriction of risk factors and detection of best treatment.","PeriodicalId":408913,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Medical Sciences","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121471277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sajjad Fekri Jaski, Mousa Khosravani, K. Boutsika, Shohreh Ghadarjani, A. Raeisi, Mahmood Hosseinpoor, Baharolsadat Hosseini, Rouhollah Arshadinezhad
Introduction: Although indigenous malaria cases have dramatically declined over the past decades, the COVID pandemic has continued to affect the programs designed to combat malaria, particularly in those countries where hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine have been used as medications for treating COVID. Two immigrants entered Iran illegally from neighboring countries (i.e., Afghanistan and Pakistan). This study mainly aimed to assess the effects of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on these cases from all aspects (i.e., case-finding, diagnosis, and treatment). Case Presentation: Both cases presented with common symptoms such as fever and shaking chills. In addition, they had no sign of COVID-19, and their oxygen level and CT images were normal in some cases, but they were mistakenly treated as COVID-19 patients long after the onset of malaria symptoms. One of the suspected coronavirus cases was given chloroquine on a voluntary basis for one day, which may have been responsible for the possible relapse in vivax or resistance of plasmodium vivax to chloroquine and the recurrence of parasitemia in falciparum. Conclusions: The active case detection of malaria was affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Case finding was dramatically decreased with the onset of coronavirus, thereby causing a spurt in malaria incidence. Moreover, the malaria treatment strategy was negatively affected by the misdiagnosis of COVID-19.
{"title":"The First Case Series of Malaria Overlapped with COVID-19 in Iran","authors":"Sajjad Fekri Jaski, Mousa Khosravani, K. Boutsika, Shohreh Ghadarjani, A. Raeisi, Mahmood Hosseinpoor, Baharolsadat Hosseini, Rouhollah Arshadinezhad","doi":"10.5812/tms-136527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/tms-136527","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Although indigenous malaria cases have dramatically declined over the past decades, the COVID pandemic has continued to affect the programs designed to combat malaria, particularly in those countries where hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine have been used as medications for treating COVID. Two immigrants entered Iran illegally from neighboring countries (i.e., Afghanistan and Pakistan). This study mainly aimed to assess the effects of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on these cases from all aspects (i.e., case-finding, diagnosis, and treatment). Case Presentation: Both cases presented with common symptoms such as fever and shaking chills. In addition, they had no sign of COVID-19, and their oxygen level and CT images were normal in some cases, but they were mistakenly treated as COVID-19 patients long after the onset of malaria symptoms. One of the suspected coronavirus cases was given chloroquine on a voluntary basis for one day, which may have been responsible for the possible relapse in vivax or resistance of plasmodium vivax to chloroquine and the recurrence of parasitemia in falciparum. Conclusions: The active case detection of malaria was affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Case finding was dramatically decreased with the onset of coronavirus, thereby causing a spurt in malaria incidence. Moreover, the malaria treatment strategy was negatively affected by the misdiagnosis of COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":408913,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Medical Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128521883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marzieh Beigom Bigdeli Shamloo, N. Elahi, A. Shamsi
Objectives: This study was conducted to explain the Muslim husband’s attitude toward women undergoing mastectomy. Methods: In this content analysis research, 18 participants were selected by purposive sampling, semi-structured interviews were conducted, and the results were analyzed by the Elo and Kyngas method. Results: In this content analysis, the husbands found two approaches to the patient: A positive and a negative approach to the patient. A positive approach included making the patient more beautiful after illness, maintaining the patient’s beauty before and after the disease, and knowing the patient as a hero. A positive approach included loss of beauty after illness, decreased patient attractiveness after illness, disfigurement after treatment, and acceleration of aging in the last days of life. Conclusions: From the present study’s findings, it can be concluded that husbands’ views on women undergoing mastectomy are different and should be considered in psychological interventions between couples.
{"title":"Attitudes Toward Patients in Muslim Husbands of Iranian Women with Mastectomy: A Qualitative Study","authors":"Marzieh Beigom Bigdeli Shamloo, N. Elahi, A. Shamsi","doi":"10.5812/tms-136713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/tms-136713","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: This study was conducted to explain the Muslim husband’s attitude toward women undergoing mastectomy. Methods: In this content analysis research, 18 participants were selected by purposive sampling, semi-structured interviews were conducted, and the results were analyzed by the Elo and Kyngas method. Results: In this content analysis, the husbands found two approaches to the patient: A positive and a negative approach to the patient. A positive approach included making the patient more beautiful after illness, maintaining the patient’s beauty before and after the disease, and knowing the patient as a hero. A positive approach included loss of beauty after illness, decreased patient attractiveness after illness, disfigurement after treatment, and acceleration of aging in the last days of life. Conclusions: From the present study’s findings, it can be concluded that husbands’ views on women undergoing mastectomy are different and should be considered in psychological interventions between couples.","PeriodicalId":408913,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Medical Sciences","volume":"253 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134382778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Mousavi, H. Rashidi, A. Faramarzi, R. Feyzi, M. Kaidkhordeh, Parvaneh Faraji Fard
Background: Scorpionism is a considerable public health problem worldwide in tropical and subtropical regions. It is one of the major health problems and the leading cause of death in the western and southern parts of Iran. Objectives: This study was performed with the aim of investigating the epidemiological features of scorpion stings in Shoushtar city. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 5479 cases in Shoushtar city, Khuzestan province, Iran, from January 1, 2014 until December 31, 2018. First, the incidence rate of scorpion stings was calculated for the study years; then, the bites frequency distribution chart was drawn by month. The t-test and Fisher exact test were used for data analysis using SPSS 22. Results: The average incidence rate of scorpion stinging during the study period was 579.55 per 100000. There was a gradual decrease in the incidence rate over the study period. The incidence of scorpionism was lower in winter, especially in January and February. The most prone body parts of sting were arms and legs (76%); the stings were more common in men than women and more in urban areas than rural areas. Household women had the highest frequency of stings, so almost 1 of every 3 victims was household women; most stings happened indoors. There was a significant association between gender and location, so it was 13 times more in women than men in an indoor location (P = 0.001, OR = 0.076). Conclusions: Shoushtar is a city with a high incidence rate of scorpion sting in the country, especially in the warm seasons. Most cases of stings occur in Housekeepers and in indoor environments. It seems renovation of residential areas, using chemical controls in roofed areas, and enhancing people's knowledge regarding the advantage of using gloves and boots can be vital in the reduction of sting incidences.
背景:蝎子病是世界范围内热带和亚热带地区严重的公共卫生问题。它是伊朗西部和南部地区的主要健康问题之一，也是导致死亡的主要原因。目的:调查寿什塔市蝎子蜇伤的流行病学特征。方法:对2014年1月1日至2018年12月31日在伊朗胡齐斯坦省Shoushtar市的5479例患者进行横断面研究。首先，计算研究年份的蝎子蜇伤发生率;然后按月绘制叮咬频率分布图。使用SPSS 22进行数据分析，采用t检验和Fisher精确检验。结果:研究期间蝎子蜇伤的平均发生率为579.55 / 10万。在研究期间，发病率逐渐下降。冬季，尤其是1、2月，蝎子病发病率较低。最容易被蜇伤的部位为手臂和腿部(76%);蜇伤在男性中比女性更常见，城市地区比农村地区更常见。家庭妇女被蜇伤的频率最高，几乎每3个受害者中就有1个是家庭妇女;大多数蜇伤都发生在室内。性别和位置之间存在显著关联，因此在室内位置，女性的发病率是男性的13倍(P = 0.001, OR = 0.076)。结论:寿什塔尔是全国蝎子蜇伤高发城市，尤其在暖季。大多数蜇伤发生在管家和室内环境中。看来，对居民区进行翻新，在屋顶区域使用化学控制，以及提高人们对使用手套和靴子的好处的认识，对于减少刺痛发生率至关重要。
{"title":"Epidemiology of Scorpion Sting in Southwestern Iran Over Five Years","authors":"S. Mousavi, H. Rashidi, A. Faramarzi, R. Feyzi, M. Kaidkhordeh, Parvaneh Faraji Fard","doi":"10.5812/tms-133418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/tms-133418","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Scorpionism is a considerable public health problem worldwide in tropical and subtropical regions. It is one of the major health problems and the leading cause of death in the western and southern parts of Iran. Objectives: This study was performed with the aim of investigating the epidemiological features of scorpion stings in Shoushtar city. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 5479 cases in Shoushtar city, Khuzestan province, Iran, from January 1, 2014 until December 31, 2018. First, the incidence rate of scorpion stings was calculated for the study years; then, the bites frequency distribution chart was drawn by month. The t-test and Fisher exact test were used for data analysis using SPSS 22. Results: The average incidence rate of scorpion stinging during the study period was 579.55 per 100000. There was a gradual decrease in the incidence rate over the study period. The incidence of scorpionism was lower in winter, especially in January and February. The most prone body parts of sting were arms and legs (76%); the stings were more common in men than women and more in urban areas than rural areas. Household women had the highest frequency of stings, so almost 1 of every 3 victims was household women; most stings happened indoors. There was a significant association between gender and location, so it was 13 times more in women than men in an indoor location (P = 0.001, OR = 0.076). Conclusions: Shoushtar is a city with a high incidence rate of scorpion sting in the country, especially in the warm seasons. Most cases of stings occur in Housekeepers and in indoor environments. It seems renovation of residential areas, using chemical controls in roofed areas, and enhancing people's knowledge regarding the advantage of using gloves and boots can be vital in the reduction of sting incidences.","PeriodicalId":408913,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Medical Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114915148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Z. Eslamifar, Javad Moazen, Hossein Tizgar, Fatemeh Pourmotahari, Mahin Behzadifard
Background: Areas with a higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency have reported a higher frequency of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the possible association between vitamin D and COVID-19. Methods: This study examined the vitamin D status, hepatic, serologic, and hematologic parameters of COVID-19 patients who tested positive upon admission to a major referral center in southwest Iran. A total of 50 cases and 50 controls were enrolled in the study after obtaining informed consent. The patients did not receive a vitamin D supplement during their hospitalization. Results: Patients with insufficiency and deficiency of vitamin D3 had a longer hospitalization time, a higher likelihood of ICU admission, and a greater risk of death compared to cases with sufficient levels of vitamin D. Conclusions: The results of this study showed that vitamin D deficiency is associated with increased severity and mortality rates. Therefore, using a vitamin D supplement may help reduce the severity of COVID-19.
{"title":"Vitamin D Deficiency and COVID-19: A Case-Control Study at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Iran","authors":"Z. Eslamifar, Javad Moazen, Hossein Tizgar, Fatemeh Pourmotahari, Mahin Behzadifard","doi":"10.5812/tms-135942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/tms-135942","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Areas with a higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency have reported a higher frequency of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the possible association between vitamin D and COVID-19. Methods: This study examined the vitamin D status, hepatic, serologic, and hematologic parameters of COVID-19 patients who tested positive upon admission to a major referral center in southwest Iran. A total of 50 cases and 50 controls were enrolled in the study after obtaining informed consent. The patients did not receive a vitamin D supplement during their hospitalization. Results: Patients with insufficiency and deficiency of vitamin D3 had a longer hospitalization time, a higher likelihood of ICU admission, and a greater risk of death compared to cases with sufficient levels of vitamin D. Conclusions: The results of this study showed that vitamin D deficiency is associated with increased severity and mortality rates. Therefore, using a vitamin D supplement may help reduce the severity of COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":408913,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Medical Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130785690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sajjad Fekri Jaski, F. Sadeghi, A. Raeisi, Mousa Khosravani, Zerafat Ghahremani, Baharolsadat Hosseini, Abdolrahim Cheshmpoushan
Background: Mass drug administration (MDA) is considered one of the World Health Organization’s (WHO) global strategies to eliminate malaria. Therefore, the impact of this achievement on reducing malaria transmission should be measured. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the role of MDA with primaquine (PQ) in Jask County, southern Iran. Methods: PQ was chosen as an antimalarial drug for this purpose; then, 168 Pakistani cases receiving MDA were examined from September to December 2021 (for eight weeks) in the Lirdaf district of Jask County, Hormozgan province, southern Iran. Results: Three asymptomatic vivax malaria carriers were detected. Thirty out of 168 people treated with PQ were excluded from the study considering that 26 had glucose-6-plosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. Three people were eliminated from the project, one due to family problems and the other two due to access constraints. One person, who was positive and also asymptomatic at the beginning of the study, became positive again, so this case was disregarded from the survey. All cases were followed up routinely, and interestingly, no relapse was observed in our target population. Conclusions: We suggest that MDA be implemented in the elimination phase associated with other interventions.
{"title":"The Pioneering Study of Mass Drug Administration with Primaquine in Iran","authors":"Sajjad Fekri Jaski, F. Sadeghi, A. Raeisi, Mousa Khosravani, Zerafat Ghahremani, Baharolsadat Hosseini, Abdolrahim Cheshmpoushan","doi":"10.5812/tms-136784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/tms-136784","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Mass drug administration (MDA) is considered one of the World Health Organization’s (WHO) global strategies to eliminate malaria. Therefore, the impact of this achievement on reducing malaria transmission should be measured. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the role of MDA with primaquine (PQ) in Jask County, southern Iran. Methods: PQ was chosen as an antimalarial drug for this purpose; then, 168 Pakistani cases receiving MDA were examined from September to December 2021 (for eight weeks) in the Lirdaf district of Jask County, Hormozgan province, southern Iran. Results: Three asymptomatic vivax malaria carriers were detected. Thirty out of 168 people treated with PQ were excluded from the study considering that 26 had glucose-6-plosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. Three people were eliminated from the project, one due to family problems and the other two due to access constraints. One person, who was positive and also asymptomatic at the beginning of the study, became positive again, so this case was disregarded from the survey. All cases were followed up routinely, and interestingly, no relapse was observed in our target population. Conclusions: We suggest that MDA be implemented in the elimination phase associated with other interventions.","PeriodicalId":408913,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Medical Sciences","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131353335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Shekarforoush, A. Jaladat, M. Hadadi, Z. Salehi, Nafiseh Hosseinzadeh Shakib, M. Parvizi, M. Motamedifar
Background: Ox-bile has been recommended as a natural remedy with several therapeutic potentials in traditional Persian medicine (TPM). It has had efficacy against inflammation and infection according to traditional medicine. Evidence revealed that bile disrupts bacterial cell membrane and degrades DNA structure, so it has anti-bacterial effects. However, there is no evidence of any approved medication composed of ox-bile in Iran. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro anti-bacterial effects of ox-bile. Methods: Ox-bile was obtained under aseptic conditions and sterilized with a 0.22 µm syringe filter, then examined for their sterility status through culture on different media. Following incubation under aerobic cultures for 48 hours and the anaerobic cultures for one week. Two different kinds of antimicrobial susceptibility tests, including well-diffusion method and serial dilution test were employed to characterize the inhibitory effect of ox-bile extraction on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Propionibacterium acnes. Results: Based on our study, no anti-bacterial effect of ox-bile was observed against selected Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Conclusions: No in-vitro evidence of inhibitory effect was observed against studied gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Though further evaluation of the anti-bacterial effects of different preparations of ox-bile seems is still required.
{"title":"In Vitro Anti-bacterial Effect of Ox-bile Against Some Important Gram-positive and Gram-negative Bacteria","authors":"S. Shekarforoush, A. Jaladat, M. Hadadi, Z. Salehi, Nafiseh Hosseinzadeh Shakib, M. Parvizi, M. Motamedifar","doi":"10.5812/tms-136719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/tms-136719","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Ox-bile has been recommended as a natural remedy with several therapeutic potentials in traditional Persian medicine (TPM). It has had efficacy against inflammation and infection according to traditional medicine. Evidence revealed that bile disrupts bacterial cell membrane and degrades DNA structure, so it has anti-bacterial effects. However, there is no evidence of any approved medication composed of ox-bile in Iran. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro anti-bacterial effects of ox-bile. Methods: Ox-bile was obtained under aseptic conditions and sterilized with a 0.22 µm syringe filter, then examined for their sterility status through culture on different media. Following incubation under aerobic cultures for 48 hours and the anaerobic cultures for one week. Two different kinds of antimicrobial susceptibility tests, including well-diffusion method and serial dilution test were employed to characterize the inhibitory effect of ox-bile extraction on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Propionibacterium acnes. Results: Based on our study, no anti-bacterial effect of ox-bile was observed against selected Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Conclusions: No in-vitro evidence of inhibitory effect was observed against studied gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Though further evaluation of the anti-bacterial effects of different preparations of ox-bile seems is still required.","PeriodicalId":408913,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Medical Sciences","volume":"138 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121235017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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