Pub Date : 2019-07-03DOI: 10.1080/17416124.2019.1660470
D. Lee
This article presents the current state of knowledge of British boarding axes. It examines the two models of boarding axe used by the Royal Navy as well as British made axes privately purchased for use in merchant ships. It gives an overview of their use, identifies the main types and records the known manufacturers. It also uncovers an axe that may have been used by the Royal Navy in between the two types already recognized.
{"title":"The British Naval Boarding Axe","authors":"D. Lee","doi":"10.1080/17416124.2019.1660470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17416124.2019.1660470","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents the current state of knowledge of British boarding axes. It examines the two models of boarding axe used by the Royal Navy as well as British made axes privately purchased for use in merchant ships. It gives an overview of their use, identifies the main types and records the known manufacturers. It also uncovers an axe that may have been used by the Royal Navy in between the two types already recognized.","PeriodicalId":40914,"journal":{"name":"Arms & Armour","volume":"16 1","pages":"149 - 164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17416124.2019.1660470","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45481791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-03DOI: 10.1080/17416124.2019.1667049
Keith Dowen, L. Marek, S. Slowinski, Anna Uciechowska-Gawron, E. Myśkow
The Polish city of Szczecin, located on the Odra river in north-west Poland, has a complex history which is reflected in its excavated material culture. The most remarkable artefacts among the numerous finds of arms and armour from the city are two late twelfth century kite shields found in the area of the early medieval stronghold. Based on our current state of knowledge, these are the only surviving examples of such shields in the world. Of the two shields recovered from Szczecin, the painted example has been published several times in Polish journals and yet it remains largely unknown to the wider European audience. The unpainted shield, however, was only recently identified and its importance fully appreciated. As such this study aims to update the information on the painted shield based on the latest research, and integrate it and the unpainted shield into the wider European archaeological context.
{"title":"Two Twelfth-Century Kite Shields from Szczecin, Poland","authors":"Keith Dowen, L. Marek, S. Slowinski, Anna Uciechowska-Gawron, E. Myśkow","doi":"10.1080/17416124.2019.1667049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17416124.2019.1667049","url":null,"abstract":"The Polish city of Szczecin, located on the Odra river in north-west Poland, has a complex history which is reflected in its excavated material culture. The most remarkable artefacts among the numerous finds of arms and armour from the city are two late twelfth century kite shields found in the area of the early medieval stronghold. Based on our current state of knowledge, these are the only surviving examples of such shields in the world. Of the two shields recovered from Szczecin, the painted example has been published several times in Polish journals and yet it remains largely unknown to the wider European audience. The unpainted shield, however, was only recently identified and its importance fully appreciated. As such this study aims to update the information on the painted shield based on the latest research, and integrate it and the unpainted shield into the wider European archaeological context.","PeriodicalId":40914,"journal":{"name":"Arms & Armour","volume":"16 1","pages":"121 - 148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17416124.2019.1667049","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60045584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-03DOI: 10.1080/17416124.2019.1660468
P. Smithurst
Many popular accounts, as well as some learned studies, credit America with the development of interchangeability in firearms. This view is incorrect. Anyone who has even glanced at this aspect of firearms history will have encountered the name of Honoré Blanc, designer of the iconic Modèle 1777 Fusil d’infanterie which was to have a profound influence on firearms design, and his claim to have achieved interchangeability of lock components. Less well known, perhaps, is that a similar claim was made in Russia in the first quarter of the nineteenth century. Despite these claims, they do not seem to have inspired later study; this article suggests that both claims were true.
{"title":"France, Russia and Early Interchangeability in Firearms","authors":"P. Smithurst","doi":"10.1080/17416124.2019.1660468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17416124.2019.1660468","url":null,"abstract":"Many popular accounts, as well as some learned studies, credit America with the development of interchangeability in firearms. This view is incorrect. Anyone who has even glanced at this aspect of firearms history will have encountered the name of Honoré Blanc, designer of the iconic Modèle 1777 Fusil d’infanterie which was to have a profound influence on firearms design, and his claim to have achieved interchangeability of lock components. Less well known, perhaps, is that a similar claim was made in Russia in the first quarter of the nineteenth century. Despite these claims, they do not seem to have inspired later study; this article suggests that both claims were true.","PeriodicalId":40914,"journal":{"name":"Arms & Armour","volume":"16 1","pages":"165 - 174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17416124.2019.1660468","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43536272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-02DOI: 10.1080/17416124.2019.1573963
Michael S. Curl
Despite the lance’s status and the amount of attention the couched lance has received in historiography, study of its martial art has been neglected. The various lance types and techniques used by western European cavalry have only recently begun to receive scholarly attention. Additionally, Medieval European lance use has too often been studied in isolation, without an adequate understanding of the idiosyncratic and asymmetrical dynamics of mounted combat. Although the charge with the couched lance was a valid tactic, it was only one of many. Light and heavy lances were used in one hand or two to trip, block, unhorse, and wrestle. These techniques were governed by the harsh laws of distance, speed, impact, iron, and asymmetry. By utilizing the surviving Fechtbücher and several Peninsular and Near Eastern sources, a brief foray into the diverse techniques of lance use and their purposes has been attempted here.
{"title":"Late Medieval Lance Use: Mounted Combat and Martial Arts in Western Europe from the 14th to the 16th Century","authors":"Michael S. Curl","doi":"10.1080/17416124.2019.1573963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17416124.2019.1573963","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the lance’s status and the amount of attention the couched lance has received in historiography, study of its martial art has been neglected. The various lance types and techniques used by western European cavalry have only recently begun to receive scholarly attention. Additionally, Medieval European lance use has too often been studied in isolation, without an adequate understanding of the idiosyncratic and asymmetrical dynamics of mounted combat. Although the charge with the couched lance was a valid tactic, it was only one of many. Light and heavy lances were used in one hand or two to trip, block, unhorse, and wrestle. These techniques were governed by the harsh laws of distance, speed, impact, iron, and asymmetry. By utilizing the surviving Fechtbücher and several Peninsular and Near Eastern sources, a brief foray into the diverse techniques of lance use and their purposes has been attempted here.","PeriodicalId":40914,"journal":{"name":"Arms & Armour","volume":"16 1","pages":"27 - 55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17416124.2019.1573963","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42008772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-02DOI: 10.1080/17416124.2019.1578071
J. Kaminski, D. Sim
In 1796 a 13-year-old boy playing on wasteland behind his father’s house in Ribchester, Lancashire discovered an assemblage of over 30 Roman artefacts, including a decorated brass helmet. Although partially corroded the Ribchester helmet is a fine example of a first-century AD cavalry sports helmet. This article considers how the interpretation of the helmet has evolved since its discovery. The multi-faceted iconography of the helmet with its mural crown diadem is that of an elite soldier and is paralleled in other examples of cavalry sports helmets of the Ribchester type. The long-neglected imagery on the helmet bowl is reinterpreted and seen not as a haphazard collection of randomly placed combatants but as a highly structured, symmetrical composition specifically designed to be viewed from different directions.
{"title":"Interpreting the Ribchester Helmet","authors":"J. Kaminski, D. Sim","doi":"10.1080/17416124.2019.1578071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17416124.2019.1578071","url":null,"abstract":"In 1796 a 13-year-old boy playing on wasteland behind his father’s house in Ribchester, Lancashire discovered an assemblage of over 30 Roman artefacts, including a decorated brass helmet. Although partially corroded the Ribchester helmet is a fine example of a first-century AD cavalry sports helmet. This article considers how the interpretation of the helmet has evolved since its discovery. The multi-faceted iconography of the helmet with its mural crown diadem is that of an elite soldier and is paralleled in other examples of cavalry sports helmets of the Ribchester type. The long-neglected imagery on the helmet bowl is reinterpreted and seen not as a haphazard collection of randomly placed combatants but as a highly structured, symmetrical composition specifically designed to be viewed from different directions.","PeriodicalId":40914,"journal":{"name":"Arms & Armour","volume":"16 1","pages":"1 - 26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17416124.2019.1578071","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45685588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-02DOI: 10.1080/17416124.2019.1581489
J. Bennett
From its introduction in 1874 until the turn of the nineteenth century the principal infantry firearm of the Ottoman army was the American-made .45 (11.43 × 55R) calibre Peabody-Martini Rifle. Remaining in use with secondary units until 1916/1917, three bayonet types were provided for the rifle during its official service life: a quadrilateral cross-sectioned socket form, followed by a yataghan-style sword bayonet, and finally a shortened and straightened version of this same yataghan bayonet. As such these three bayonets provide a classic illustration of bayonet typology for the period. However, their history and characteristics have never been assessed in detail, an omission this article seeks to remedy.
{"title":"Bayonets for the Peabody-Martini Rifle","authors":"J. Bennett","doi":"10.1080/17416124.2019.1581489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17416124.2019.1581489","url":null,"abstract":"From its introduction in 1874 until the turn of the nineteenth century the principal infantry firearm of the Ottoman army was the American-made .45 (11.43 × 55R) calibre Peabody-Martini Rifle. Remaining in use with secondary units until 1916/1917, three bayonet types were provided for the rifle during its official service life: a quadrilateral cross-sectioned socket form, followed by a yataghan-style sword bayonet, and finally a shortened and straightened version of this same yataghan bayonet. As such these three bayonets provide a classic illustration of bayonet typology for the period. However, their history and characteristics have never been assessed in detail, an omission this article seeks to remedy.","PeriodicalId":40914,"journal":{"name":"Arms & Armour","volume":"16 1","pages":"75 - 104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17416124.2019.1581489","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43138471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-02DOI: 10.1080/17416124.2019.1577547
Stuart Ivinson
In the 2007 Supreme Court ruling Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1 and Meredith v. Jefferson County Board of Education, Chief Justice John Roberts declared, "The way to stop discrimination on the basis of race is to stop discriminating on the basis on race." This decision found unconstitutional school districts' explicit use of race in deciding where students should attend public schools. As argued by Wells and associates in Both Sides Now: The Story of School Desegregations Graduates, the experiences of high school graduates in 1980 are posed to help policy makers contend with present and future policies related to school desegregation. As Vanessa Siddle Walker writes in the foreword, Both Sides Now "unveils through first-person accounts a world of teaching and learning and school climate often masked in traditional desegregation studies" (p. xiii). Such studies either focus on the mistreatment of black children in the short term or offer accounts of rising test scores and graduation rates in the long term (p. xii). In unmasking new desegregation accounts, the authors frame this study with considerations of continuing structural inequality, the prevalence of racial segregation in housing patterns, the resegregation of public schooling, and the racial consciousness or "double consciousness" of their participants. In explaining their decision to use these specific graduates, the authors write that "the class of 1980 more than any other cohort of students before or after them ... has looked at racial equality from both sides now—from experiences in both desegregated and more segregated contexts, from the preReagan and the post-Reagan political eras" (p. 35). From an initial list of twenty desegregated school districts that were demographically and geographically diverse, these scholars chose six high schools from which to interview the graduates: Austin High School (Texas); Dwight Morrow High School (New Jersey); John Muir High School (California); Shaker Heights High School (Ohio); Topeka High School (Kansas); and West Charlotte High School (New Carolina). In addition to utilizing historical documents, data were largely drawn from interviews with policy makers, lawyers, educators, community members, and graduates (primarily African American, Latino, and white) from the class of 1980. Although the total number of interviews
{"title":"Book Review","authors":"Stuart Ivinson","doi":"10.1080/17416124.2019.1577547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17416124.2019.1577547","url":null,"abstract":"In the 2007 Supreme Court ruling Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1 and Meredith v. Jefferson County Board of Education, Chief Justice John Roberts declared, \"The way to stop discrimination on the basis of race is to stop discriminating on the basis on race.\" This decision found unconstitutional school districts' explicit use of race in deciding where students should attend public schools. As argued by Wells and associates in Both Sides Now: The Story of School Desegregations Graduates, the experiences of high school graduates in 1980 are posed to help policy makers contend with present and future policies related to school desegregation. As Vanessa Siddle Walker writes in the foreword, Both Sides Now \"unveils through first-person accounts a world of teaching and learning and school climate often masked in traditional desegregation studies\" (p. xiii). Such studies either focus on the mistreatment of black children in the short term or offer accounts of rising test scores and graduation rates in the long term (p. xii). In unmasking new desegregation accounts, the authors frame this study with considerations of continuing structural inequality, the prevalence of racial segregation in housing patterns, the resegregation of public schooling, and the racial consciousness or \"double consciousness\" of their participants. In explaining their decision to use these specific graduates, the authors write that \"the class of 1980 more than any other cohort of students before or after them ... has looked at racial equality from both sides now—from experiences in both desegregated and more segregated contexts, from the preReagan and the post-Reagan political eras\" (p. 35). From an initial list of twenty desegregated school districts that were demographically and geographically diverse, these scholars chose six high schools from which to interview the graduates: Austin High School (Texas); Dwight Morrow High School (New Jersey); John Muir High School (California); Shaker Heights High School (Ohio); Topeka High School (Kansas); and West Charlotte High School (New Carolina). In addition to utilizing historical documents, data were largely drawn from interviews with policy makers, lawyers, educators, community members, and graduates (primarily African American, Latino, and white) from the class of 1980. Although the total number of interviews","PeriodicalId":40914,"journal":{"name":"Arms & Armour","volume":"16 1","pages":"117 - 119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17416124.2019.1577547","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47053342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-02DOI: 10.1080/17416124.2019.1582164
David H. Tomback
The sword which is the subject of this article and which will be referred to as the Capel sword, is a fine example of what has become known as an Irish basket-hilt. Whilst there are other examples in existence, what makes this sword unique and particularly important is the fact that it is known to have been owned by two important Royalist military leaders, Lord Arthur Capel and Sir John Owen. These two extraordinary men came from different backgrounds but their fate was linked through circumstances beyond their control. The story this sword tells is one of comradeship, loyalty, total belief in a cause, betrayal and ultimate sacrifice.
{"title":"Honour, Comradeship and Betrayal: Lord Capel’s Sword","authors":"David H. Tomback","doi":"10.1080/17416124.2019.1582164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17416124.2019.1582164","url":null,"abstract":"The sword which is the subject of this article and which will be referred to as the Capel sword, is a fine example of what has become known as an Irish basket-hilt. Whilst there are other examples in existence, what makes this sword unique and particularly important is the fact that it is known to have been owned by two important Royalist military leaders, Lord Arthur Capel and Sir John Owen. These two extraordinary men came from different backgrounds but their fate was linked through circumstances beyond their control. The story this sword tells is one of comradeship, loyalty, total belief in a cause, betrayal and ultimate sacrifice.","PeriodicalId":40914,"journal":{"name":"Arms & Armour","volume":"16 1","pages":"56 - 74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17416124.2019.1582164","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45730843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-02DOI: 10.1080/17416124.2019.1581488
S. Doyle
Tangible traces of conflict in visual artefacts can take viewers uncomfortably close to the realities of war—violence, destruction and fatalities. This article questions the evidential force of objects associated with conflict and their eventual display in exhibitions. Through a study of the display of a brick in which is embedded a bullet that is said to have passed through the body of Francis Sheehy Skeffington when he was executed by firing squad during the Easter Rising in Dublin in 1916, this article explores the historical configuration of the brick and analyses its public display in the National Museum of Ireland (NMI). By examining the actions carried out by the NMI in collecting and archiving the object and analysing the narrative strategies of its display, this article considers how the visual aspects of exhibition displays can perpetuate a particular version of historic events and accredits objects with assumed authenticity.
{"title":"The Bullet in the Brick: The Materiality of Conflict in Museum Objects","authors":"S. Doyle","doi":"10.1080/17416124.2019.1581488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17416124.2019.1581488","url":null,"abstract":"Tangible traces of conflict in visual artefacts can take viewers uncomfortably close to the realities of war—violence, destruction and fatalities. This article questions the evidential force of objects associated with conflict and their eventual display in exhibitions. Through a study of the display of a brick in which is embedded a bullet that is said to have passed through the body of Francis Sheehy Skeffington when he was executed by firing squad during the Easter Rising in Dublin in 1916, this article explores the historical configuration of the brick and analyses its public display in the National Museum of Ireland (NMI). By examining the actions carried out by the NMI in collecting and archiving the object and analysing the narrative strategies of its display, this article considers how the visual aspects of exhibition displays can perpetuate a particular version of historic events and accredits objects with assumed authenticity.","PeriodicalId":40914,"journal":{"name":"Arms & Armour","volume":"16 1","pages":"105 - 116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17416124.2019.1581488","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42567617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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