{"title":"SAKSA MIGRATSIOONIST LIIVIMAALE KESKAJAL KRIITILISI MÄRKMEID","authors":"P. Raudkivi","doi":"10.3176/HIST.2011.2.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3176/HIST.2011.2.02","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40943,"journal":{"name":"Acta Historica Tallinnensia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3176/HIST.2011.2.02","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69888167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"VABATAHTLIKUD IMMIGRANDID VERSUS PAGULASED. VASTUOLUDEST EESTLASKONNA SEAS ARGENTINAS PÄRAST II MAAILMASÕDA","authors":"A. Jürgenson","doi":"10.3176/HIST.2011.2.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3176/HIST.2011.2.08","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40943,"journal":{"name":"Acta Historica Tallinnensia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3176/HIST.2011.2.08","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69888586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"MAA-MEIE EMA, ILM-MEIE ISA Märkmeid looduse rollist Liivimaa 14. sajandi ajaloos","authors":"P. Raudkivi","doi":"10.3176/HIST.2010.1.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3176/HIST.2010.1.01","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40943,"journal":{"name":"Acta Historica Tallinnensia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2010-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3176/HIST.2010.1.01","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69887591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article discusses the denotation and changes in the meaning of terms describing ethnic relations in various formal and informal texts originating from late Imperial Russia, examining the terminology regarding the Empires ethno-political geography and regional dimension, as well as the correlation between the hierarchical concepts of Russian Empire Russia borderlands. The article also outlines the identifying characteristics of the basic ethnic categories in the Empire, i.e. Russians and non-Russians (инородцы), and addresses the issue of non-Russians becoming Russian. Consideration is given to phrases and expressions illustrating the central governments ethnic integration policy in non-Russian territories. Among those most frequently encountered are rapprochement (сближение), merging (слияние), Russification (обрусение, русификация): terms that lack proper, unambiguous definition, and have produced no consensus among either contemporaries or modern researchers. The government pursued the homogeneity of the Empire not by respecting multi-culturality and diversity or guaranteeing free development of ethnoses, but rather by aggressively enacting rapprochement with the Russian nation, forcing the Russian language upon residents of the Empire (also as the language of tuition in primary schools), and disseminating the Orthodox faith, thus crippling the peoples natural strive for self-realisation and self-determination. The attempts to eradicate native-language primary education give enough reason to speak about Russification in the sense of assimilation (Russianisation), regardless of whether or not this was a conscious effort and goal set by the masterminds behind the reforms. Estonian national movement activists and intellectuals interpreted the governments ethnic policy as forcible denationalisation and re-ethnification set to annihilate the Estonian nation through the dominance of the Russian language in education and public administration. Whether the government was indeed harbouring such plans, or to what extent, remains unclear. The Empire remained based on dynastic statehood until its demise; nationalism did not become a ruling ideology despite the Russian and non-Russian ethnocentricity thriving and Russian nationalists striving to reshape the dynastic state into a nation state. The central government launched multiple Russification programmes in the border regions, yet these were eventually thwarted by resistance put up by non-Russian peoples.
{"title":"TERMINOLOGY PERTAINING TO ETHNIC RELATIONS AS USED IN LATE IMPERIAL RUSSIA","authors":"Toomas Karjahärm","doi":"10.3176/HIST.2010.1.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3176/HIST.2010.1.02","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses the denotation and changes in the meaning of terms describing ethnic relations in various formal and informal texts originating from late Imperial Russia, examining the terminology regarding the Empires ethno-political geography and regional dimension, as well as the correlation between the hierarchical concepts of Russian Empire Russia borderlands. The article also outlines the identifying characteristics of the basic ethnic categories in the Empire, i.e. Russians and non-Russians (инородцы), and addresses the issue of non-Russians becoming Russian. Consideration is given to phrases and expressions illustrating the central governments ethnic integration policy in non-Russian territories. Among those most frequently encountered are rapprochement (сближение), merging (слияние), Russification (обрусение, русификация): terms that lack proper, unambiguous definition, and have produced no consensus among either contemporaries or modern researchers. The government pursued the homogeneity of the Empire not by respecting multi-culturality and diversity or guaranteeing free development of ethnoses, but rather by aggressively enacting rapprochement with the Russian nation, forcing the Russian language upon residents of the Empire (also as the language of tuition in primary schools), and disseminating the Orthodox faith, thus crippling the peoples natural strive for self-realisation and self-determination. The attempts to eradicate native-language primary education give enough reason to speak about Russification in the sense of assimilation (Russianisation), regardless of whether or not this was a conscious effort and goal set by the masterminds behind the reforms. Estonian national movement activists and intellectuals interpreted the governments ethnic policy as forcible denationalisation and re-ethnification set to annihilate the Estonian nation through the dominance of the Russian language in education and public administration. Whether the government was indeed harbouring such plans, or to what extent, remains unclear. The Empire remained based on dynastic statehood until its demise; nationalism did not become a ruling ideology despite the Russian and non-Russian ethnocentricity thriving and Russian nationalists striving to reshape the dynastic state into a nation state. The central government launched multiple Russification programmes in the border regions, yet these were eventually thwarted by resistance put up by non-Russian peoples.","PeriodicalId":40943,"journal":{"name":"Acta Historica Tallinnensia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2010-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3176/HIST.2010.1.02","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69887665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The goal of this article is to examine the industrial changes in the transition period from a market economy to a command economy under the conditions of the first post-war five-year plan (19461950) and test the Soviet official statistics about the industrial growth rates. The paper is based on Estonian archival sources mainly from the Council of Ministers, the State Planning Committee, the Statistical Office, the Communist Party of ESSR and literature.
{"title":"POLICY OF TRANSITION: INDUSTRY IN THE ESTONIAN SSR DURING THE FIRST POST-WAR FIVE-YEAR PLAN (1946–1950)","authors":"M. Pihlamägi","doi":"10.3176/HIST.2010.1.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3176/HIST.2010.1.07","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of this article is to examine the industrial changes in the transition period from a market economy to a command economy under the conditions of the first post-war five-year plan (19461950) and test the Soviet official statistics about the industrial growth rates. The paper is based on Estonian archival sources mainly from the Council of Ministers, the State Planning Committee, the Statistical Office, the Communist Party of ESSR and literature.","PeriodicalId":40943,"journal":{"name":"Acta Historica Tallinnensia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2010-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3176/HIST.2010.1.07","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69888312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"AJALOOKIRJUTUS EKSIILIS: EESTI TEADUSLIK SELTS ROOTSIS","authors":"O. Arens","doi":"10.3176/HIST.2010.1.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3176/HIST.2010.1.09","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40943,"journal":{"name":"Acta Historica Tallinnensia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2010-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3176/HIST.2010.1.09","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69888396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"NÕUKOGUDE FAKTORIST EESTI 12. MÄRTSI 1934. AASTA RIIGIPÖÖRDES","authors":"M. Ilmjärv","doi":"10.3176/HIST.2010.1.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3176/HIST.2010.1.04","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40943,"journal":{"name":"Acta Historica Tallinnensia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2010-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3176/HIST.2010.1.04","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69887811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"ELIIDI KRIIS EESTI ÜLIÕPILASSELTSIDE KULTUURIKRIITIKAS AASTAIL 1937-1940","authors":"H. Sepp","doi":"10.3176/HIST.2010.1.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3176/HIST.2010.1.05","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40943,"journal":{"name":"Acta Historica Tallinnensia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2010-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3176/HIST.2010.1.05","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69888232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper focuses on the journalistic strategies and practices that Estonian journalists and editors used for expressing both their dissent with the restrictions of the freedom of the press and opposition to the Soviet regime. As no underground dissident press existed in Estonia in the Soviet period (19401941 and 19441991), journalists developed various ways of silent resistance within the official press. Our aim is to demonstrate and analyse journalistic practices both discursive and editorial that undermined the ideological purposes of Soviet journalism. At the discursive level, journalists often tried to diminish the official ideological discourse by enlarging the proportion of the apolitical journalistic discourse in the newspapers. Journalists also skilfully used various linguistic means to bypass the party line. On the editorial level, editors often passed, at their own risk, content that was not politically and ideologically correct. Censors often complained to Party headquarters about the editors who tried to avoid the responsibility of editing and were incompetent in applying the regulations and rules.
{"title":"WAS IT ALL PURE PROPAGANDA? JOURNALISTIC PRACTICES OF ‘SILENT RESISTANCE’ IN SOVIET ESTONIAN JOURNALISM","authors":"E. Lauk, T. Kreegipuu","doi":"10.3176/HIST.2010.1.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3176/HIST.2010.1.08","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on the journalistic strategies and practices that Estonian journalists and editors used for expressing both their dissent with the restrictions of the freedom of the press and opposition to the Soviet regime. As no underground dissident press existed in Estonia in the Soviet period (19401941 and 19441991), journalists developed various ways of silent resistance within the official press. Our aim is to demonstrate and analyse journalistic practices both discursive and editorial that undermined the ideological purposes of Soviet journalism. At the discursive level, journalists often tried to diminish the official ideological discourse by enlarging the proportion of the apolitical journalistic discourse in the newspapers. Journalists also skilfully used various linguistic means to bypass the party line. On the editorial level, editors often passed, at their own risk, content that was not politically and ideologically correct. Censors often complained to Party headquarters about the editors who tried to avoid the responsibility of editing and were incompetent in applying the regulations and rules.","PeriodicalId":40943,"journal":{"name":"Acta Historica Tallinnensia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3176/HIST.2010.1.08","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69888324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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