{"title":"DIE GERÜCHTE ÜBER DEN TOD DES ERZBISCHOFS WILHELM VON RIGA IM SOMMER 1556","authors":"M. Maasing, D. Weber","doi":"10.3176/hist.2019.1.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3176/hist.2019.1.01","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40943,"journal":{"name":"Acta Historica Tallinnensia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69891218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Iga töövõtja vajab oma tööjõu taastamiseks, uue energia kogumiseks ja tervise turgutamiseks puhkeaega nii pärast tööpäeva ning -nädala lõppu kui ka pikemat puhkust vähemalt üks kord aastas. Tänapäeval on kõigi töötajate iga-aastane tasuline puhkus iseenesestmõistetav, kuid alati pole see nii olnud. Industrialiseerimise algetapil oli tööliste tööpäev väga pikk, see võis olenevalt ettevõtja kehtestatud tööajast kesta kuni 14 tundi päevas ja iga-aastasest tasustatud puhkusest ei unistanud esialgu keegi. Ainsateks tööst vabadeks päevadeks olid siis pühapäevad ja seadusega kehtestatud pühad, mille eest aga töötasu ei makstud. Esimeseks riigiks, kus 1910. aasta jaanuaris kehtestati eraettevõtete töölistele tasustatud puhkus, oli Austria-Ungari keisririik. Selle eeskujule järgnesid vähesed maad ja alles pärast esimest maailmasõda saavutasid tööliste ametiühingud mitmetes riikides seaduste vastuvõtmise, mis garanteerisid töölistele palgalise puhkuse. 1920. aastate algul rakendati palgalist puhkust kümnes Euroopa riigis.1 Tsaari-Venemaal, sh Eestija Liivimaa kubermangus, reguleeriti seadusandlikult esmakordselt tööstustööliste tööpäeva pikkust 19. sajandi lõpul. 1897. aasta seadus piiras tööpäeva pikkust 11,5 tunniga päevas ja kehtestas pühade loetelu, millal oli keelatud töölisi lisaks pühapäevadele tööle sundida. 20. sajandi alguse revolutsioonilise liikumise tulemusena saavutasid töölised tööpäeva lühenemise suuremas osas ettevõtteis 10 tunnini, mitmetes metallitööstusettevõtetes 9 tunnini. 20. sajandi teisel kümnendil kehtis enamikus Euroopa riikides 9–10-tunnine tööpäev ja vaid üksikutes riikides (Venemaa, Soome, Saksamaa ja Austria) kehtestati
{"title":"TASULISE PUHKUSE SISSESEADMINE EESTIS","authors":"M. Pihlamägi","doi":"10.3176/hist.2019.1.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3176/hist.2019.1.07","url":null,"abstract":"Iga töövõtja vajab oma tööjõu taastamiseks, uue energia kogumiseks ja tervise turgutamiseks puhkeaega nii pärast tööpäeva ning -nädala lõppu kui ka pikemat puhkust vähemalt üks kord aastas. Tänapäeval on kõigi töötajate iga-aastane tasuline puhkus iseenesestmõistetav, kuid alati pole see nii olnud. Industrialiseerimise algetapil oli tööliste tööpäev väga pikk, see võis olenevalt ettevõtja kehtestatud tööajast kesta kuni 14 tundi päevas ja iga-aastasest tasustatud puhkusest ei unistanud esialgu keegi. Ainsateks tööst vabadeks päevadeks olid siis pühapäevad ja seadusega kehtestatud pühad, mille eest aga töötasu ei makstud. Esimeseks riigiks, kus 1910. aasta jaanuaris kehtestati eraettevõtete töölistele tasustatud puhkus, oli Austria-Ungari keisririik. Selle eeskujule järgnesid vähesed maad ja alles pärast esimest maailmasõda saavutasid tööliste ametiühingud mitmetes riikides seaduste vastuvõtmise, mis garanteerisid töölistele palgalise puhkuse. 1920. aastate algul rakendati palgalist puhkust kümnes Euroopa riigis.1 Tsaari-Venemaal, sh Eestija Liivimaa kubermangus, reguleeriti seadusandlikult esmakordselt tööstustööliste tööpäeva pikkust 19. sajandi lõpul. 1897. aasta seadus piiras tööpäeva pikkust 11,5 tunniga päevas ja kehtestas pühade loetelu, millal oli keelatud töölisi lisaks pühapäevadele tööle sundida. 20. sajandi alguse revolutsioonilise liikumise tulemusena saavutasid töölised tööpäeva lühenemise suuremas osas ettevõtteis 10 tunnini, mitmetes metallitööstusettevõtetes 9 tunnini. 20. sajandi teisel kümnendil kehtis enamikus Euroopa riikides 9–10-tunnine tööpäev ja vaid üksikutes riikides (Venemaa, Soome, Saksamaa ja Austria) kehtestati","PeriodicalId":40943,"journal":{"name":"Acta Historica Tallinnensia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69891900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"COURTS IN THE MEMEL TERRITORY","authors":"I. Deviatnikovaitė","doi":"10.3176/hist.2019.1.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3176/hist.2019.1.02","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40943,"journal":{"name":"Acta Historica Tallinnensia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69891249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"SUUR TERROR JA ABHAASIA EESTLASED","authors":"A. Jürgenson","doi":"10.3176/hist.2019.1.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3176/hist.2019.1.03","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40943,"journal":{"name":"Acta Historica Tallinnensia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69891312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"THE INTERWAR JAPANESE INTELLIGENCE AC-TIVITIES IN THE BALTIC STATES: 1918–1940","authors":"S. Masunaga","doi":"10.3176/HIST.2018.1.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3176/HIST.2018.1.04","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40943,"journal":{"name":"Acta Historica Tallinnensia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3176/HIST.2018.1.04","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69890976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Professor István Csekey (1889–1963) was a prominent figure in Hungarian and European law during the twentieth century. Other than his significant academic contributions, Csekey played a defining role in promoting relations between Hungary and the nations of Estonia as well as Finland during the interwar period. In Estonia, he furthered awareness of the Hungarian state and culture via academic, educational and journalistic means while familiarizing Hungarian audiences with Estonia through his works and lectures. Today, István Csekey’s efforts have been largely forgotten, a state that is undeserved given the important role this noteworthy scholar filled in expanding interwar, Hungarian society’s knowledge of Estonia. As the discipline of Finno-Ugric Studies seeks new alternatives in a world of dynamically fluctuating relations among the nations of Estonia, Finland and Hungary, it grows even more urgent for today’s scholars to reexamine what precedents were set and what eminent works were achieved by those who went before us.
István Csekey教授(1889-1963)是二十世纪匈牙利和欧洲法律界的杰出人物。除了他重要的学术贡献，切基在两次世界大战之间的时期，在促进匈牙利与爱沙尼亚和芬兰的关系方面发挥了决定性的作用。在爱沙尼亚，他通过学术、教育和新闻手段提高了对匈牙利国家和文化的认识，同时通过他的作品和演讲使匈牙利听众熟悉爱沙尼亚。如今，István Csekey的努力基本上被遗忘了，鉴于这位值得注意的学者在扩大两次世界大战之间匈牙利社会对爱沙尼亚的认识方面所发挥的重要作用，这个国家不应该被遗忘。随着芬兰-乌戈尔研究学科在爱沙尼亚、芬兰和匈牙利等国之间关系动态波动的世界中寻求新的选择，今天的学者们更加迫切地需要重新审视哪些先例是由我们之前的人设立的，哪些杰出的作品是由我们之前的人取得的。
{"title":"ESTONIA’S GEOPOLITICAL SITUATION AS FOUND IN ISTVÁN CSEKEY’S WORKS","authors":"A. Bereczki","doi":"10.3176/HIST.2018.1.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3176/HIST.2018.1.05","url":null,"abstract":"Professor István Csekey (1889–1963) was a prominent figure in Hungarian and European law during the twentieth century. Other than his significant academic contributions, Csekey played a defining role in promoting relations between Hungary and the nations of Estonia as well as Finland during the interwar period. In Estonia, he furthered awareness of the Hungarian state and culture via academic, educational and journalistic means while familiarizing Hungarian audiences with Estonia through his works and lectures. Today, István Csekey’s efforts have been largely forgotten, a state that is undeserved given the important role this noteworthy scholar filled in expanding interwar, Hungarian society’s knowledge of Estonia. As the discipline of Finno-Ugric Studies seeks new alternatives in a world of dynamically fluctuating relations among the nations of Estonia, Finland and Hungary, it grows even more urgent for today’s scholars to reexamine what precedents were set and what eminent works were achieved by those who went before us.","PeriodicalId":40943,"journal":{"name":"Acta Historica Tallinnensia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3176/HIST.2018.1.05","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69891044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"KALA TÄHTSUSEST KAUBANDUSES, MAJANDUSES JA TOIDUMENÜÜS 13.–16. SAJANDI EESTIS","authors":"I. Põltsam-Jürjo","doi":"10.3176/HIST.2018.1.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3176/HIST.2018.1.01","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40943,"journal":{"name":"Acta Historica Tallinnensia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3176/HIST.2018.1.01","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69891148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"RAHVUSVAHELISE TÖÖORGANISATSIOONI OSA EESTI PÕLLUMAJANDUSTÖÖLISTE TÖÖTINGIMUSTE REGULEERIMISES KAHE MAAILMASÕJA VAHEL","authors":"M. Pihlamägi","doi":"10.3176/HIST.2018.1.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3176/HIST.2018.1.06","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40943,"journal":{"name":"Acta Historica Tallinnensia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3176/HIST.2018.1.06","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69891200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"MICHEL SITTOWI SOTSIAALSED SIDEMED TALLINNAS","authors":"A. Mänd","doi":"10.3176/hist.2018.1.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3176/hist.2018.1.02","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40943,"journal":{"name":"Acta Historica Tallinnensia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3176/hist.2018.1.02","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69891187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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