Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.14254/2071-789x.2022/15-4/14
T. Vasylieva, A. Vysochyna, B. Filep
The pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) significantly slowed economic development and exacerbated income inequality. However, the scale of this destructive influence varies considerably among countries. Thus, the purpose of this study is to identify changes in causality patterns between economic development and income inequality due to COVID-19. To fulfill the task, an Index of Economic Development (IED) is developed using the multivariate analysis tools, Cronbach's alpha and the Fishburn formula. The Gini index was chosen as a core proxy of social inequality. The research covers a sample of 15 European countries. The period of the analysis is 2000-2021. A set of regression equations are constructed to determine the relationship between economic development and income inequality in the studied countries. A dummy variable is integrated into the equation to determine the impact of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Modeling is carried out on the panel data. The most acceptable functional form of the regression model is clarified based on the Hausman test. Modeling results make it possible to identify patterns of changes in the impact of income inequality on economic development, and vice versa. The change in their causality due to COVID-19 is substantiated.
{"title":"Economic development and income inequality: Role in country resistance to COVID-19","authors":"T. Vasylieva, A. Vysochyna, B. Filep","doi":"10.14254/2071-789x.2022/15-4/14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-789x.2022/15-4/14","url":null,"abstract":"The pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) significantly slowed economic development and exacerbated income inequality. However, the scale of this destructive influence varies considerably among countries. Thus, the purpose of this study is to identify changes in causality patterns between economic development and income inequality due to COVID-19. To fulfill the task, an Index of Economic Development (IED) is developed using the multivariate analysis tools, Cronbach's alpha and the Fishburn formula. The Gini index was chosen as a core proxy of social inequality. The research covers a sample of 15 European countries. The period of the analysis is 2000-2021. A set of regression equations are constructed to determine the relationship between economic development and income inequality in the studied countries. A dummy variable is integrated into the equation to determine the impact of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Modeling is carried out on the panel data. The most acceptable functional form of the regression model is clarified based on the Hausman test. Modeling results make it possible to identify patterns of changes in the impact of income inequality on economic development, and vice versa. The change in their causality due to COVID-19 is substantiated.","PeriodicalId":409504,"journal":{"name":"Economics & Sociology","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128321759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.14254/2071-789x.2022/15-4/5
Grace Rodríguez Loor, G. Muñoz-Fernández
Self-employment has now become one of the most important access routes to the labor market in emerging economies. In these countries, the role of women entrepreneurs is fundamental not only for their economic development but also to fight against the gender gap. The university, as an institution, is a hub of potential entrepreneurs, which could help reduce these differences. This work explores if there is a gender gap in the inclination towards entrepreneurship among university students from a developing country (Ecuador) and the determining factors of entrepreneurial intention by gender. Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior, the study analyzes the moderating role of gender in university entrepreneurship. Multivariate logit regression was used to examine motivational factors (personal attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control) that favor entrepreneurial intention. The data reveals that entrepreneurial intention is lower among female students. The determinants of entrepreneurial intention are different by gender. The study contributes to a better understanding of the role of gender in entrepreneurial behavior.
{"title":"Entrepreneurship in university: A logit methodological evaluation in an emerging economy","authors":"Grace Rodríguez Loor, G. Muñoz-Fernández","doi":"10.14254/2071-789x.2022/15-4/5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-789x.2022/15-4/5","url":null,"abstract":"Self-employment has now become one of the most important access routes to the labor market in emerging economies. In these countries, the role of women entrepreneurs is fundamental not only for their economic development but also to fight against the gender gap. The university, as an institution, is a hub of potential entrepreneurs, which could help reduce these differences. This work explores if there is a gender gap in the inclination towards entrepreneurship among university students from a developing country (Ecuador) and the determining factors of entrepreneurial intention by gender. Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior, the study analyzes the moderating role of gender in university entrepreneurship. Multivariate logit regression was used to examine motivational factors (personal attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control) that favor entrepreneurial intention. The data reveals that entrepreneurial intention is lower among female students. The determinants of entrepreneurial intention are different by gender. The study contributes to a better understanding of the role of gender in entrepreneurial behavior.","PeriodicalId":409504,"journal":{"name":"Economics & Sociology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128849575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.14254/2071-789x.2022/15-4/1
Kari Kristinsson, I. Minelgaite, Olga Štangej
Over the last decade, enabled by the ever-faster dissemination of information, customers have increasingly begun to scrutinize CEOs’ ethical leadership behavior. Although potentially hazardous for companies, this development also poses opportunities, with some CEOs managing to create a positive image of their organizations through ethical leadership. Extensive literature also suggests that perception of leadership is not only influenced by CEOs’ behavior but also by gender stereotypes. The present study seeks to accentuate the relevance of gender in the public perception of ethical and unethical leadership. In a survey experiment using a nationally representative sample (N=1055) from Iceland, one of the most egalitarian countries in the world, we find that male CEOs suffer more severe negative consequences for unethical behavior then female CEOs do. Additionally, our results suggest that female members of the public are more appreciative of ethical leadership than their male counterparts. These results underscore the importance of gender stereotypes and perceiver’s gender when examining ethical leadership perceptions and indicate that ethical leadership might possess some unique characteristics that set it apart from other leadership concepts. We conclude by discussing the implications of these findings for theory and practice and suggest avenues for further research.
{"title":"In the eye of the beholder? Gendered perception of CEOs’ ethical and unethical leadership","authors":"Kari Kristinsson, I. Minelgaite, Olga Štangej","doi":"10.14254/2071-789x.2022/15-4/1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-789x.2022/15-4/1","url":null,"abstract":"Over the last decade, enabled by the ever-faster dissemination of information, customers have increasingly begun to scrutinize CEOs’ ethical leadership behavior. Although potentially hazardous for companies, this development also poses opportunities, with some CEOs managing to create a positive image of their organizations through ethical leadership. Extensive literature also suggests that perception of leadership is not only influenced by CEOs’ behavior but also by gender stereotypes. The present study seeks to accentuate the relevance of gender in the public perception of ethical and unethical leadership. In a survey experiment using a nationally representative sample (N=1055) from Iceland, one of the most egalitarian countries in the world, we find that male CEOs suffer more severe negative consequences for unethical behavior then female CEOs do. Additionally, our results suggest that female members of the public are more appreciative of ethical leadership than their male counterparts. These results underscore the importance of gender stereotypes and perceiver’s gender when examining ethical leadership perceptions and indicate that ethical leadership might possess some unique characteristics that set it apart from other leadership concepts. We conclude by discussing the implications of these findings for theory and practice and suggest avenues for further research.","PeriodicalId":409504,"journal":{"name":"Economics & Sociology","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132620811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.14254/2071-789x.2022/15-4/6
Tatjana Ratković, Helena Šlogar, Sandra Šokčević
Entrepreneurial competencies have become a tool that can be learned. Education encourages the entrepreneurial way of thinking at the individual level, and thus develops the societal outlook. Various EU funds and non-profit organizations support initiatives for the development of entrepreneurial competencies and educating young people as this has been recognized as an important element of building a global society. This research was conducted through an online survey at two private universities, Singidunum in Serbia and Libertas International University in Croatia, on a sample of 864 students. The aim of the research was to examine the differences and similarities in entrepreneurial competencies, as well as to consider the attitudes and factors that affect the genesis and degree of entrepreneurial competencies. The age of the students, gender, field of study and career choice after studying were chosen as the variables and examined in relation to the entrepreneurial competencies of young people. Based on our results, the age of students does not correlate with entrepreneurial competencies. There is a significant difference in entrepreneurial competencies in relation to gender and career choice after graduation, but no substantial difference in terms of the field of study. The obtained research results indicate the need for further development of entrepreneurial competencies at universities.
{"title":"Entrepreneurial competencies of university students","authors":"Tatjana Ratković, Helena Šlogar, Sandra Šokčević","doi":"10.14254/2071-789x.2022/15-4/6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-789x.2022/15-4/6","url":null,"abstract":"Entrepreneurial competencies have become a tool that can be learned. Education encourages the entrepreneurial way of thinking at the individual level, and thus develops the societal outlook. Various EU funds and non-profit organizations support initiatives for the development of entrepreneurial competencies and educating young people as this has been recognized as an important element of building a global society. This research was conducted through an online survey at two private universities, Singidunum in Serbia and Libertas International University in Croatia, on a sample of 864 students. The aim of the research was to examine the differences and similarities in entrepreneurial competencies, as well as to consider the attitudes and factors that affect the genesis and degree of entrepreneurial competencies. The age of the students, gender, field of study and career choice after studying were chosen as the variables and examined in relation to the entrepreneurial competencies of young people. Based on our results, the age of students does not correlate with entrepreneurial competencies. There is a significant difference in entrepreneurial competencies in relation to gender and career choice after graduation, but no substantial difference in terms of the field of study. The obtained research results indicate the need for further development of entrepreneurial competencies at universities.","PeriodicalId":409504,"journal":{"name":"Economics & Sociology","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121024124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.14254/2071-789x.2022/15-4/7
Stefan Apostol
The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether differences in female entrepreneurial rates are explained by inherited cultural, societal, and technological factors. Women's early-stage entrepreneurial activity in two groups of countries is examined in this study. As part of the analysis, we used data from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor and employed Logistic Regression, the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique, and Firth logistics for rare events. Collectivist countries have higher rates of early-stage entrepreneurial activity among women, but these occur in less technologically advanced sectors. Women’s primary motivation for entrepreneurship in countries with lower disposable personal income is necessity. New technology adoption rates in early-stage entrepreneurial activity are significantly higher in collectivist countries. Young women's entrepreneurial rates are slightly affected by the loneliness phenomenon. study's weaknesses are the overconfidence of interviewees in their ability to self-assess their skills, the low rate of women entrepreneurs, and the omission of essential variables due to missing data. This study tests the adage that individualistic behavior promotes entrepreneurship and examines the impact of societal variables on women's entrepreneurship, contrary to certain assumptions made in the GEM report. The study contributes to the body of knowledge regarding female entrepreneurship.
{"title":"The early-stage entrepreneurial activity of women in individualistic versus collectivist country groups: Motives, drivers and inhibitors","authors":"Stefan Apostol","doi":"10.14254/2071-789x.2022/15-4/7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-789x.2022/15-4/7","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether differences in female entrepreneurial rates are explained by inherited cultural, societal, and technological factors. Women's early-stage entrepreneurial activity in two groups of countries is examined in this study. As part of the analysis, we used data from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor and employed Logistic Regression, the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique, and Firth logistics for rare events. Collectivist countries have higher rates of early-stage entrepreneurial activity among women, but these occur in less technologically advanced sectors. Women’s primary motivation for entrepreneurship in countries with lower disposable personal income is necessity. New technology adoption rates in early-stage entrepreneurial activity are significantly higher in collectivist countries. Young women's entrepreneurial rates are slightly affected by the loneliness phenomenon. study's weaknesses are the overconfidence of interviewees in their ability to self-assess their skills, the low rate of women entrepreneurs, and the omission of essential variables due to missing data. This study tests the adage that individualistic behavior promotes entrepreneurship and examines the impact of societal variables on women's entrepreneurship, contrary to certain assumptions made in the GEM report. The study contributes to the body of knowledge regarding female entrepreneurship.","PeriodicalId":409504,"journal":{"name":"Economics & Sociology","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130419859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.14254/2071-789x.2022/15-4/3
Agata Lulewicz-Sas, Hanna Kinowska, Marzena Fryczyńska
There are only a few fragmented studies available on the relationship between engagement, employability and sustainable HRM practices. This research gap justifies the investigation of a relationship between these constructs. The research findings presented in this article, to the authors' knowledge, are the first to simultaneously address Sustainable Human Resource Management, Work Engagement and Perceived Employability. The aim of this research is to identify the impact of Sustainable HRM on Work Engagement and Perceived Employability. A quantitative study was conducted among employees to test the model of the relationship between mentioned above variables. The purposive-quota sampling was chosen to survey representatives of organisations with a minimum of 10 employees. The survey was conducted on a survey panel accredited by PKJPA and ESOMAR using the CAWI platform. The results confirm a strong correlation between Sustainable HRM and Work Engagement, as well as a moderate influence of Sustainable HRM on Perceived Employability. Further research would need to delve deeper into the impact of specific Sustainable HRM practices on Work Engagement and Perceived Employability. It would be worth extending the research to include other types of commitment like organisational attachment, and to include determinants in the analysis of Perceived Employability.
{"title":"How sustainable human resource management affects work engagement and perceived employability","authors":"Agata Lulewicz-Sas, Hanna Kinowska, Marzena Fryczyńska","doi":"10.14254/2071-789x.2022/15-4/3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-789x.2022/15-4/3","url":null,"abstract":"There are only a few fragmented studies available on the relationship between engagement, employability and sustainable HRM practices. This research gap justifies the investigation of a relationship between these constructs. The research findings presented in this article, to the authors' knowledge, are the first to simultaneously address Sustainable Human Resource Management, Work Engagement and Perceived Employability. The aim of this research is to identify the impact of Sustainable HRM on Work Engagement and Perceived Employability. A quantitative study was conducted among employees to test the model of the relationship between mentioned above variables. The purposive-quota sampling was chosen to survey representatives of organisations with a minimum of 10 employees. The survey was conducted on a survey panel accredited by PKJPA and ESOMAR using the CAWI platform. The results confirm a strong correlation between Sustainable HRM and Work Engagement, as well as a moderate influence of Sustainable HRM on Perceived Employability. Further research would need to delve deeper into the impact of specific Sustainable HRM practices on Work Engagement and Perceived Employability. It would be worth extending the research to include other types of commitment like organisational attachment, and to include determinants in the analysis of Perceived Employability.","PeriodicalId":409504,"journal":{"name":"Economics & Sociology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129580303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.14254/2071-789x.2022/15-4/13
V. Koibichuk, S. Drozd, A. Somogyi
The article proposes an original approach to evaluating the effectiveness of the sports management system, which differs from the classical linear and non-linear optimization methods due to its use of quantile regression models. Three main indicators were chosen for creating the quantile regressions: (i) number of participants in the Olympic Games - as a feature of the effectiveness of the high-achievement sports; (ii) total number of people engaged in sports - as a feature of an effective mass sports system, which ensures a healthy lifestyle of the population; and (iii) state expenses on recreational and sports services. The quality of quantile regressions was validated by the Fisher test and the two-factor variance analysis. The research focused on the data of 30 European countries, which officially and publicly provide access to statistical reports on these issues. The countries were divided into two groups with above-average and below-average effectiveness of the sports management system. Two hypotheses were proposed and tested in the study. Hypothesis H1 was that the effectiveness of high-achievement sports depends on the amount of state funding for developing the sports industry. Research results confirmed this hypothesis for countries with an above-average level of sports management system effectiveness, but refuted it for the other group. Hypothesis H2 stated that the more massive the development of sport in a country, i.e., the more people are engaged in sports and lead a healthy lifestyle, the more likely this country is to achieve victories in high-achievement sports. This hypothesis was confirmed for both groups of countries.
{"title":"The effectiveness of the sports management system in Europe: High achievements, public funding and a healthy lifestyle","authors":"V. Koibichuk, S. Drozd, A. Somogyi","doi":"10.14254/2071-789x.2022/15-4/13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-789x.2022/15-4/13","url":null,"abstract":"The article proposes an original approach to evaluating the effectiveness of the sports management system, which differs from the classical linear and non-linear optimization methods due to its use of quantile regression models. Three main indicators were chosen for creating the quantile regressions: (i) number of participants in the Olympic Games - as a feature of the effectiveness of the high-achievement sports; (ii) total number of people engaged in sports - as a feature of an effective mass sports system, which ensures a healthy lifestyle of the population; and (iii) state expenses on recreational and sports services. The quality of quantile regressions was validated by the Fisher test and the two-factor variance analysis. The research focused on the data of 30 European countries, which officially and publicly provide access to statistical reports on these issues. The countries were divided into two groups with above-average and below-average effectiveness of the sports management system. Two hypotheses were proposed and tested in the study. Hypothesis H1 was that the effectiveness of high-achievement sports depends on the amount of state funding for developing the sports industry. Research results confirmed this hypothesis for countries with an above-average level of sports management system effectiveness, but refuted it for the other group. Hypothesis H2 stated that the more massive the development of sport in a country, i.e., the more people are engaged in sports and lead a healthy lifestyle, the more likely this country is to achieve victories in high-achievement sports. This hypothesis was confirmed for both groups of countries.","PeriodicalId":409504,"journal":{"name":"Economics & Sociology","volume":"310 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123133927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.14254/2071-789x.2022/15-4/11
R. Ginevičius
articulate matter (PM 2.5), ozone, lead and radon are among the main sources of air pollution. The differences in mortality rates across the European Union due to their impact are very high, ranging from 4 to 16 times. Mortality from PM 2.5 particles is excreted 12.3 – fold compared to ozone, 4.6 – fold for lead and 10.6 – fold for radon. The state of economic development of countries and health expenditures have a significant impact on the rate of human mortality caused by air pollution. Their impact is uneven. Most of these depend on mortality from PM 2.5 particles, to a large extent from lead and ozone, and to a smaller extent to radon. All the countries of the European Union concerned pay considerable attention to health protection, since the level of the costs involved is closely linked to the per capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP). On the other hand, the real situation is illustrated by the trend in population mortality from the sources of air pollution in question. Absolute positive changes in population mortality from particulate matter (PM 2.5) have been observed over the period 2009‒2018 (the situation has improved in all countries); significant positive changes in mortality due to lead air pollution (the situation has improved in 13 countries); moderate and negative changes due to ozone contamination (the situation improved in 11 countries) and very strong negative changes in mortality due to air pollution by ozone (the situation improved in only 8 countries).
{"title":"Assessment of the impact of air pollution on population mortality in EU countries","authors":"R. Ginevičius","doi":"10.14254/2071-789x.2022/15-4/11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-789x.2022/15-4/11","url":null,"abstract":"articulate matter (PM 2.5), ozone, lead and radon are among the main sources of air pollution. The differences in mortality rates across the European Union due to their impact are very high, ranging from 4 to 16 times. Mortality from PM 2.5 particles is excreted 12.3 – fold compared to ozone, 4.6 – fold for lead and 10.6 – fold for radon. The state of economic development of countries and health expenditures have a significant impact on the rate of human mortality caused by air pollution. Their impact is uneven. Most of these depend on mortality from PM 2.5 particles, to a large extent from lead and ozone, and to a smaller extent to radon. All the countries of the European Union concerned pay considerable attention to health protection, since the level of the costs involved is closely linked to the per capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP). On the other hand, the real situation is illustrated by the trend in population mortality from the sources of air pollution in question. Absolute positive changes in population mortality from particulate matter (PM 2.5) have been observed over the period 2009‒2018 (the situation has improved in all countries); significant positive changes in mortality due to lead air pollution (the situation has improved in 13 countries); moderate and negative changes due to ozone contamination (the situation improved in 11 countries) and very strong negative changes in mortality due to air pollution by ozone (the situation improved in only 8 countries).","PeriodicalId":409504,"journal":{"name":"Economics & Sociology","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134267049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.14254/2071-789x.2022/15-4/2
A. Kolková, A. Ključnikov
Demand forecasting is one of the biggest challenges of post-pandemic logistics. It appears that logistics management based on demand prediction can be a suitable alternative to the just-in-time concept. This study aims to identify the effectiveness of AI-based and statistical forecasting models versus practice-based models for SMEs and large enterprises in practice. The study compares the effectiveness of the practice-based Prophet model with the statistical forecasting models, models based on artificial intelligence, and hybrid models developed in the academic environment. Since most of the hybrid models, and the ones based on artificial intelligence, were developed within the last ten years, the study also answers the question of whether the new models have better accuracy than the older ones. The models are evaluated using a multicriteria approach with different weight settings for SMEs and large enterprises. The results show that the Prophet model has higher accuracy than the other models on most time series. At the same time, the Prophet model is slightly less computationally demanding than hybrid models and models based on artificial neural networks. On the other hand, the results of the multicriteria evaluation show that while statistical methods are more suitable for SMEs, the prophet forecasting method is very effective in the case of large enterprises with sufficient computing power and trained predictive analysts.
{"title":"Demand forecasting: AI-based, statistical and hybrid models vs practice-based models - the case of SMEs and large enterprises","authors":"A. Kolková, A. Ključnikov","doi":"10.14254/2071-789x.2022/15-4/2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-789x.2022/15-4/2","url":null,"abstract":"Demand forecasting is one of the biggest challenges of post-pandemic logistics. It appears that logistics management based on demand prediction can be a suitable alternative to the just-in-time concept. This study aims to identify the effectiveness of AI-based and statistical forecasting models versus practice-based models for SMEs and large enterprises in practice. The study compares the effectiveness of the practice-based Prophet model with the statistical forecasting models, models based on artificial intelligence, and hybrid models developed in the academic environment. Since most of the hybrid models, and the ones based on artificial intelligence, were developed within the last ten years, the study also answers the question of whether the new models have better accuracy than the older ones. The models are evaluated using a multicriteria approach with different weight settings for SMEs and large enterprises. The results show that the Prophet model has higher accuracy than the other models on most time series. At the same time, the Prophet model is slightly less computationally demanding than hybrid models and models based on artificial neural networks. On the other hand, the results of the multicriteria evaluation show that while statistical methods are more suitable for SMEs, the prophet forecasting method is very effective in the case of large enterprises with sufficient computing power and trained predictive analysts.","PeriodicalId":409504,"journal":{"name":"Economics & Sociology","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114711538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.14254/2071-789x.2022/15-4/10
T. Kliestik, R. Blazek, J. Bélas
Many authors focus on detecting accounting record manipulation using various models and investigating the reasons of accounting falsification and alteration. In general, the tax base is changed because its optimization benefits the business. Various research studies show that the CEO is the one who commences the process of updating accounting data. As a result, we'd like to show the gender of persons that initiate manipulation the most frequently. By recognizing inventive accounting, Beneish's methodology is utilized to identify organizations that have cheated. As a result, organizations are categorized as having a female, male, or mixed management team. Based on the Beneish model, statistical approaches (such as contingency tables and establishing the link between variables), and correspondence analysis, we established that gender influences how a company's accounting is managed: if a woman is a director, the company is regarded non-manipulative. In contrast, if a male keeps control of the corporation, the company has a strong incentive to falsify its financial reports.
{"title":"CEO monitoring and accounting record manipulation: Evidence from Slovak agriculture companies","authors":"T. Kliestik, R. Blazek, J. Bélas","doi":"10.14254/2071-789x.2022/15-4/10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-789x.2022/15-4/10","url":null,"abstract":"Many authors focus on detecting accounting record manipulation using various models and investigating the reasons of accounting falsification and alteration. In general, the tax base is changed because its optimization benefits the business. Various research studies show that the CEO is the one who commences the process of updating accounting data. As a result, we'd like to show the gender of persons that initiate manipulation the most frequently. By recognizing inventive accounting, Beneish's methodology is utilized to identify organizations that have cheated. As a result, organizations are categorized as having a female, male, or mixed management team. Based on the Beneish model, statistical approaches (such as contingency tables and establishing the link between variables), and correspondence analysis, we established that gender influences how a company's accounting is managed: if a woman is a director, the company is regarded non-manipulative. In contrast, if a male keeps control of the corporation, the company has a strong incentive to falsify its financial reports.","PeriodicalId":409504,"journal":{"name":"Economics & Sociology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122702982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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