Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.14254/2071-789x.2022/15-3/8
Renata Skýpalová, M. Šikyř, R. Urban
Shift work has become necessary for many industries operating 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, affecting individual workers and their overall well-being. Based on a survey of 1049 shift workers of various industries, ages, and genders from all fourteen regions of the Czech Republic, the paper analyzes their experience with different shift work rosters to determine individually perceived advantages and disadvantages of shift work and discuss perspective ways of improving shift workers' well-being. The findings confirm the importance of effective and efficient shift work planning and organizing to achieve demanded work productivity, desired work-life balance and overall well-being of shift workers. The analysis confirmed a hypothesis that the preference for work shifts depends on the age of shift workers. Individually perceived negative impacts of shift work included physical fatigue, sleep disorders, or depression. These could be limited by more flexible shift work scheduling to harmonize work shifts with personal matters whenever possible and thus support shift workers' work-life balance and well-being.
{"title":"A study on employee experience with shift work","authors":"Renata Skýpalová, M. Šikyř, R. Urban","doi":"10.14254/2071-789x.2022/15-3/8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-789x.2022/15-3/8","url":null,"abstract":"Shift work has become necessary for many industries operating 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, affecting individual workers and their overall well-being. Based on a survey of 1049 shift workers of various industries, ages, and genders from all fourteen regions of the Czech Republic, the paper analyzes their experience with different shift work rosters to determine individually perceived advantages and disadvantages of shift work and discuss perspective ways of improving shift workers' well-being. The findings confirm the importance of effective and efficient shift work planning and organizing to achieve demanded work productivity, desired work-life balance and overall well-being of shift workers. The analysis confirmed a hypothesis that the preference for work shifts depends on the age of shift workers. Individually perceived negative impacts of shift work included physical fatigue, sleep disorders, or depression. These could be limited by more flexible shift work scheduling to harmonize work shifts with personal matters whenever possible and thus support shift workers' work-life balance and well-being.","PeriodicalId":409504,"journal":{"name":"Economics & Sociology","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124411007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.14254/2071-789x.2022/15-2/5
D. Szostek
The purpose of the article is to validate the 45-item scale called Counterproductive Work Behavior Checklist (CWB-C) proposed by Spector et al. (2006) and adapt it to Central European cultural conditions. The research objectives are met using a set of measuring methods, namely focus group interviews, observations and a survey among 1,351 professionally active people in Poland. Data factor analysis is applied to examine the survey. The proposed modified and validated scale to measure CWBs is adapted to Central European cultural conditions. It has 35 items; 30 items are taken from the original CWB-C scale. The elements on the scale can be divided according to the target of such behavior, i.e., directed at the organization or other people. The items can be also divided into subjective categories, namely abuse against others, sabotage, theft and withdrawal. In the case of the second categorization, the original category 'production deviance' proposed by Spector et al. (2006) is eliminated. The proposed scale is characterized by good measures of fit for the 4-factor model.
{"title":"Central European version of Counterproductive Work Behavior Checklist (CWB-C PL)","authors":"D. Szostek","doi":"10.14254/2071-789x.2022/15-2/5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-789x.2022/15-2/5","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the article is to validate the 45-item scale called Counterproductive Work Behavior Checklist (CWB-C) proposed by Spector et al. (2006) and adapt it to Central European cultural conditions. The research objectives are met using a set of measuring methods, namely focus group interviews, observations and a survey among 1,351 professionally active people in Poland. Data factor analysis is applied to examine the survey. The proposed modified and validated scale to measure CWBs is adapted to Central European cultural conditions. It has 35 items; 30 items are taken from the original CWB-C scale. The elements on the scale can be divided according to the target of such behavior, i.e., directed at the organization or other people. The items can be also divided into subjective categories, namely abuse against others, sabotage, theft and withdrawal. In the case of the second categorization, the original category 'production deviance' proposed by Spector et al. (2006) is eliminated. The proposed scale is characterized by good measures of fit for the 4-factor model.","PeriodicalId":409504,"journal":{"name":"Economics & Sociology","volume":"42 9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125754209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.14254/2071-789x.2022/15-3/5
Lyubomira Spasova
This investigation has two aims: to study the susceptibility of young consumers to persuasion principles of Cialdini and to identify which principles achieve a powerful effect of memory through advertising in consumers of different genders and ages. The instrument used is the adapted and modified STPS questionnaire, developed by Kaptein el at., as well as the subjective judgments of respondents about the degree to which they remember advertisements based on persuasion principles. The results of the regression analysis show that social proof is the only principle of persuasion whose persuasive power does not correspond to that of three principles: principle of reciprocity, principle of commitment and consistency and principle of unity. Practical application of principle of commitment and consistency and principle of reciprocity is more persuasive in uniform advertising when gender and age characteristics of the target groups are not taken into account. The causal link between the principle of social proof and memorization of advertising is established, where persuasion is done in a peripheral route, although consumers are susceptible to other principles. Ranking of the principles has established that the principle of commitment and consistency achieves greatest effectiveness in both genders, while the principle of reciprocity is most effective for women and the principle of authority - for men. Regarding the age groups, the following principles are observed: 18 to 20 - principle of social proof; 21 to 24 - principle of unity, and 25 to 35 - principle of commitment and consistency. Different consumer susceptibility to persuasion can be achieved in the studied age groups on a peripheral route with higher efficiency in women. This study is useful for organizations that offer different products and services through advertising.
这个调查有两个目的:研究年轻消费者的敏感性来说服Cialdini原理和识别原理实现一个强大的消费者通过广告的记忆效果在不同的年龄和性别。所使用的工具是Kaptein el . at开发的经过改编和修改的STPS问卷。以及受访者根据说服原则对广告记忆程度的主观判断。回归分析结果表明，社会认同是唯一说服力与互惠原则、承诺一致原则和统一原则不对应的说服原则。实际应用的原则,承诺和一致性和互惠的原则是在统一的广告更有说服力的性别和年龄特征不考虑目标群体。社会认同原则和广告记忆原则之间的因果关系是建立的，其中说服是在外围路线上完成的，尽管消费者容易受到其他原则的影响。这些原则的排名表明，承诺原则和一致性原则对男女都最有效，而互惠原则对女性最有效，权威原则对男性最有效。就年龄组而言，遵循以下原则:18至20岁-社会认同原则;21 - 24 -团结原则，25 - 35 -承诺和一致原则。不同的消费者对说服的敏感性可以在研究的年龄组在外围路线上实现，女性效率更高。这项研究对通过广告提供不同产品和服务的组织很有用。
{"title":"Impact of gender and age on susceptibility to persuasion principles in advertisement","authors":"Lyubomira Spasova","doi":"10.14254/2071-789x.2022/15-3/5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-789x.2022/15-3/5","url":null,"abstract":"This investigation has two aims: to study the susceptibility of young consumers to persuasion principles of Cialdini and to identify which principles achieve a powerful effect of memory through advertising in consumers of different genders and ages. The instrument used is the adapted and modified STPS questionnaire, developed by Kaptein el at., as well as the subjective judgments of respondents about the degree to which they remember advertisements based on persuasion principles. The results of the regression analysis show that social proof is the only principle of persuasion whose persuasive power does not correspond to that of three principles: principle of reciprocity, principle of commitment and consistency and principle of unity. Practical application of principle of commitment and consistency and principle of reciprocity is more persuasive in uniform advertising when gender and age characteristics of the target groups are not taken into account. The causal link between the principle of social proof and memorization of advertising is established, where persuasion is done in a peripheral route, although consumers are susceptible to other principles. Ranking of the principles has established that the principle of commitment and consistency achieves greatest effectiveness in both genders, while the principle of reciprocity is most effective for women and the principle of authority - for men. Regarding the age groups, the following principles are observed: 18 to 20 - principle of social proof; 21 to 24 - principle of unity, and 25 to 35 - principle of commitment and consistency. Different consumer susceptibility to persuasion can be achieved in the studied age groups on a peripheral route with higher efficiency in women. This study is useful for organizations that offer different products and services through advertising.","PeriodicalId":409504,"journal":{"name":"Economics & Sociology","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129081255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.14254/2071-789x.2022/15-1/17
Zuzana Virglerová, J. Kramoliš, Nicola Capolupo
Social media (SM) are one of the marketing tools growing in importance with increasing digitalisation. Companies use marketing to increase interest in their services or reach new customers. Therefore, SM can help companies access a new international market. The aim of this paper is to determine the impact of SM as a marketing strategy tool to gain a new market in the process of internationalisation of SMEs in the countries of Visegrad Four. The paper also evaluates differences in SM approaches according to the selected factors. To obtain relevant data, Tomas Bata University in Zlín organised empirical research in 2019-2020. The online form of the questionnaire was distributed among randomly selected SMEs. In total, 1,585 managers’ responses were analysed. The t-test was performed to compare means and the chi-square test was used to assess differences between variables. Data analysis was performed with SPSS 23 software. A statistically significant difference was found in the perception of the impact of SM on business performance. No statistically significant differences were shown in the case of SM use and the relation to internationalisation.
{"title":"The impact of social media use on the internationalisation of SMEs","authors":"Zuzana Virglerová, J. Kramoliš, Nicola Capolupo","doi":"10.14254/2071-789x.2022/15-1/17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-789x.2022/15-1/17","url":null,"abstract":"Social media (SM) are one of the marketing tools growing in importance with increasing digitalisation. Companies use marketing to increase interest in their services or reach new customers. Therefore, SM can help companies access a new international market. The aim of this paper is to determine the impact of SM as a marketing strategy tool to gain a new market in the process of internationalisation of SMEs in the countries of Visegrad Four. The paper also evaluates differences in SM approaches according to the selected factors. To obtain relevant data, Tomas Bata University in Zlín organised empirical research in 2019-2020. The online form of the questionnaire was distributed among randomly selected SMEs. In total, 1,585 managers’ responses were analysed. The t-test was performed to compare means and the chi-square test was used to assess differences between variables. Data analysis was performed with SPSS 23 software. A statistically significant difference was found in the perception of the impact of SM on business performance. No statistically significant differences were shown in the case of SM use and the relation to internationalisation.","PeriodicalId":409504,"journal":{"name":"Economics & Sociology","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126610126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.14254/2071-789x.2022/15-2/10
Ligita Gasparėnienė, Greta Gagytė, Rita Remeikienė, Snieguolė Matulienė
The number of enforcement actions and fines for non-compliance with anti-money laundering (AML) regulations continues climbing year after year, and the year 2021 was no exception to this tendency. Globally, authorities remain harsh, and AML fines in Europe, the United States, and the United Kingdom have been increasing (Global Anti-Money Laundering Regulations, 2021). According to the UN estimations, the amount of money annually laundered worldwide amounts to 2–5% of the world’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP), or in absolute numbers - to 800 billion-2 trillion US dollars. Such high figures indicate that national governments are indeed facing a serious problem of money laundering. In this article, clustering is employed to group the EU member states by their money laundering measuring indices in order to assess the EU legal framework in terms of money laundering prevention. State clustering could help the relevant EU institutions, such as Financial Intelligence Units (FIUs), Europol, International Monetary Fund (IMF), national governments and others, to develop the most effective measures to diminish the problem of money laundering and to complement their regulatory framework. Money laundering is usually associated with criminal activities that generate large amounts of illegal financial resources. In the most general sense, money laundering refers to the process of disguising the true origin, ownership, disposal and movement of particular proceeds, property or property rights. The results of the empirical research propose that money laundering reduction calls for a higher number of suspicious transaction reports (STRs), lower levels of corruption and improvement of the legal framework in terms of money laundering prevention in the EU. The research methods cover comparative and systematic literature analysis, and hierarchical cluster analysis. The cluster analysis of the EU member states (28 countries) uses the number of reports filled with FIU between 2006-2014, the 2012-2020 Basel AML Index and the 1998-2018 CPI data.
{"title":"Clustering of the European Union member states based on money laundering measuring indices","authors":"Ligita Gasparėnienė, Greta Gagytė, Rita Remeikienė, Snieguolė Matulienė","doi":"10.14254/2071-789x.2022/15-2/10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-789x.2022/15-2/10","url":null,"abstract":"The number of enforcement actions and fines for non-compliance with anti-money laundering (AML) regulations continues climbing year after year, and the year 2021 was no exception to this tendency. Globally, authorities remain harsh, and AML fines in Europe, the United States, and the United Kingdom have been increasing (Global Anti-Money Laundering Regulations, 2021). According to the UN estimations, the amount of money annually laundered worldwide amounts to 2–5% of the world’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP), or in absolute numbers - to 800 billion-2 trillion US dollars. Such high figures indicate that national governments are indeed facing a serious problem of money laundering. In this article, clustering is employed to group the EU member states by their money laundering measuring indices in order to assess the EU legal framework in terms of money laundering prevention. State clustering could help the relevant EU institutions, such as Financial Intelligence Units (FIUs), Europol, International Monetary Fund (IMF), national governments and others, to develop the most effective measures to diminish the problem of money laundering and to complement their regulatory framework. Money laundering is usually associated with criminal activities that generate large amounts of illegal financial resources. In the most general sense, money laundering refers to the process of disguising the true origin, ownership, disposal and movement of particular proceeds, property or property rights. The results of the empirical research propose that money laundering reduction calls for a higher number of suspicious transaction reports (STRs), lower levels of corruption and improvement of the legal framework in terms of money laundering prevention in the EU. The research methods cover comparative and systematic literature analysis, and hierarchical cluster analysis. The cluster analysis of the EU member states (28 countries) uses the number of reports filled with FIU between 2006-2014, the 2012-2020 Basel AML Index and the 1998-2018 CPI data.","PeriodicalId":409504,"journal":{"name":"Economics & Sociology","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115077271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.14254/2071-789x.2022/15-1/13
M. Florek, M. Lewicki
Virtual Reality (VR) has been a research subject since the 1990s. Subsequently, the possibilities of applying this technology to various industries have been a subject of debates. While the tourism industry has not been an exception, a marked increase in interest is a recent phenomenon. One of the reasons for this is the unexpected pandemic that, in a way, has forced the tourism industry to search for alternative ways of communicating destinations and reducing the distance between destinations and tourists. The uncertainty of the situation and the change in tourist behaviour as an effect of COVID-19 have prompted the search for new tools to interact with tourists and influence their decisions. The new circumstances might also influence how people evaluate VR tools. The main aim of this paper is thus to diagnose the attitudes and behaviours towards VR during isolation, as well as to present their possible implications for destinations. The research results show that VR has the potential to extend the boundaries of tourism and destinations’ activities, and COVID-19 has played a role in shaping people’s attitudes and behaviours towards VR.
{"title":"Destinations, virtual reality and COVID-19. How isolation has shaped the behaviours and attitudes towards VR","authors":"M. Florek, M. Lewicki","doi":"10.14254/2071-789x.2022/15-1/13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-789x.2022/15-1/13","url":null,"abstract":"Virtual Reality (VR) has been a research subject since the 1990s. Subsequently, the possibilities of applying this technology to various industries have been a subject of debates. While the tourism industry has not been an exception, a marked increase in interest is a recent phenomenon. One of the reasons for this is the unexpected pandemic that, in a way, has forced the tourism industry to search for alternative ways of communicating destinations and reducing the distance between destinations and tourists. The uncertainty of the situation and the change in tourist behaviour as an effect of COVID-19 have prompted the search for new tools to interact with tourists and influence their decisions. The new circumstances might also influence how people evaluate VR tools. The main aim of this paper is thus to diagnose the attitudes and behaviours towards VR during isolation, as well as to present their possible implications for destinations. The research results show that VR has the potential to extend the boundaries of tourism and destinations’ activities, and COVID-19 has played a role in shaping people’s attitudes and behaviours towards VR.","PeriodicalId":409504,"journal":{"name":"Economics & Sociology","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115176409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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