The long-term declining role of manufacturing in the U.S. economy – reflecting a shift of the economy after World War II to a post-industrial orientation with an increased emphasis on services – was accelerated by the effects on manufacturing jobs and trade deficits of President Reagan’s budget deficits in the 1980s and China’s recent trade penetration. Similarities of Reagan’s policies to President Trump’s proposed protectionist tariffs and the cross-border corporate tax reform advocated by House Republicans in February 2017 suggest a possible partial reversal of the long-term job decline, but the ensuing major dislocations in jobs are unlikely to lead to a net increase in manufacturing jobs. The magnitude and fast pace of China’s import penetration, coupled with anemic demand for domestic goods and high productivity gains in American factories, are associated with the 33 percent decline of 5.7 million domestic manufacturing jobs in the 2000-10 period – the largest loss in a decade in U.S. history. The effects on manufacturing employment associated with trade, domestic demand, and productivity strongly suggest that the largest impact – accounting for over 85 percent of total manufacturing jobs lost in the 2000s – is attributable to technological advances in U.S. factories sustaining productivity gains, with trade a relatively minor contributory factor, when viewed from the long-term perspective. The superior productivity gains, as well as the vaunted growth in real value-added output, associated with manufacturing are driven by the performance of its computer and electronic products industry, representing only 13 percent of total manufacturing value added. China’s trade competition challenged the prevalent assumption, based on bilateral trade pacts after World War II, suggesting that economies recover from ‘trade shocks’ by displaced workers shifting into higher-productivity export industries. Free trade agreements and China’s trade penetration – with the benefits not evenly distributed in the U.S. – are associated with the geographically-concentrated and unexpected political results of the November 2016 elections.
{"title":"The Decline of Manufacturing in the U.S. Economy: Impacts of China's ‘Trade Shock’, Trump's Protectionist Tariffs, and the Drivers of Manufacturing Job Losses (Presentation Slides)","authors":"Serge L. Wind","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2919986","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2919986","url":null,"abstract":"The long-term declining role of manufacturing in the U.S. economy – reflecting a shift of the economy after World War II to a post-industrial orientation with an increased emphasis on services – was accelerated by the effects on manufacturing jobs and trade deficits of President Reagan’s budget deficits in the 1980s and China’s recent trade penetration. Similarities of Reagan’s policies to President Trump’s proposed protectionist tariffs and the cross-border corporate tax reform advocated by House Republicans in February 2017 suggest a possible partial reversal of the long-term job decline, but the ensuing major dislocations in jobs are unlikely to lead to a net increase in manufacturing jobs. \u0000The magnitude and fast pace of China’s import penetration, coupled with anemic demand for domestic goods and high productivity gains in American factories, are associated with the 33 percent decline of 5.7 million domestic manufacturing jobs in the 2000-10 period – the largest loss in a decade in U.S. history. The effects on manufacturing employment associated with trade, domestic demand, and productivity strongly suggest that the largest impact – accounting for over 85 percent of total manufacturing jobs lost in the 2000s – is attributable to technological advances in U.S. factories sustaining productivity gains, with trade a relatively minor contributory factor, when viewed from the long-term perspective. The superior productivity gains, as well as the vaunted growth in real value-added output, associated with manufacturing are driven by the performance of its computer and electronic products industry, representing only 13 percent of total manufacturing value added. \u0000China’s trade competition challenged the prevalent assumption, based on bilateral trade pacts after World War II, suggesting that economies recover from ‘trade shocks’ by displaced workers shifting into higher-productivity export industries. Free trade agreements and China’s trade penetration – with the benefits not evenly distributed in the U.S. – are associated with the geographically-concentrated and unexpected political results of the November 2016 elections.","PeriodicalId":409545,"journal":{"name":"EduRN: Economics Education (ERN) (Topic)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129620716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-02-13DOI: 10.1108/CASE.DARDEN.2016.000312
E. N. Weiss, Marlene Friesen
This case outlines the history of JetBlue Airways, from its inception, in 2000, until 2004. The case provides details of JetBlue's business model and reasons for success. It can be used in a course on service operations or strategy.
{"title":"The Jetblue Story","authors":"E. N. Weiss, Marlene Friesen","doi":"10.1108/CASE.DARDEN.2016.000312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/CASE.DARDEN.2016.000312","url":null,"abstract":"This case outlines the history of JetBlue Airways, from its inception, in 2000, until 2004. The case provides details of JetBlue's business model and reasons for success. It can be used in a course on service operations or strategy.","PeriodicalId":409545,"journal":{"name":"EduRN: Economics Education (ERN) (Topic)","volume":"113 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133605417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-02-09DOI: 10.1108/CASE.DARDEN.2016.000208
Timothy M. Laseter, Jay Ashton, Vincent Gu
Musictoday is a unique company that provides on-line retailing services for such clients as the Dave Matthews Band and the Rolling Stones. But the lack of a formal inventory-management process has Musictoday concerned about stock-outs and lost sales in the future. This case introduces students to the Periodic Review System, and provides an opportunity to link the optimal review period with the EOQ concept.
{"title":"Musictoday, Llc: Implementing a Periodic Review Inventory System","authors":"Timothy M. Laseter, Jay Ashton, Vincent Gu","doi":"10.1108/CASE.DARDEN.2016.000208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/CASE.DARDEN.2016.000208","url":null,"abstract":"Musictoday is a unique company that provides on-line retailing services for such clients as the Dave Matthews Band and the Rolling Stones. But the lack of a formal inventory-management process has Musictoday concerned about stock-outs and lost sales in the future. This case introduces students to the Periodic Review System, and provides an opportunity to link the optimal review period with the EOQ concept.","PeriodicalId":409545,"journal":{"name":"EduRN: Economics Education (ERN) (Topic)","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121620050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-02-08DOI: 10.1108/CASE.DARDEN.2016.000224
Kamalini Ramdas
Our Daily Bread wasa small boutique bakery, producing a variety of daily and specialty breads. The company had excess capacity and was considering several options to increase revenues by entering the wholesale bread production business. The case allows students to perform process analysis in a multi-product setting with seasonal demand and evaluate the impact on capacity--as well as the profitability of--potential wholesale orders. The case also enables analysis of the option to purchase new equipment. This case is available in a multimedia CD version that highlights the stages in bread making and provides a bird's eye view of the entire operation. (UVA-OM-1018M).
我们的每日面包是一家小型精品面包店，生产各种日常和特色面包。该公司产能过剩，正在考虑通过进入面包批发生产业务来增加收入的几种选择。该案例允许学生在具有季节性需求的多产品环境中进行流程分析，并评估对潜在批发订单的产能和盈利能力的影响。该案例还可以分析购买新设备的选择。这个案例有多媒体CD版本，突出了面包制作的各个阶段，并提供了整个操作的鸟瞰图。(uva - om - 1018米)。
{"title":"Our Daily Bread Co","authors":"Kamalini Ramdas","doi":"10.1108/CASE.DARDEN.2016.000224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/CASE.DARDEN.2016.000224","url":null,"abstract":"Our Daily Bread wasa small boutique bakery, producing a variety of daily and specialty breads. The company had excess capacity and was considering several options to increase revenues by entering the wholesale bread production business. The case allows students to perform process analysis in a multi-product setting with seasonal demand and evaluate the impact on capacity--as well as the profitability of--potential wholesale orders. The case also enables analysis of the option to purchase new equipment. This case is available in a multimedia CD version that highlights the stages in bread making and provides a bird's eye view of the entire operation. (UVA-OM-1018M).","PeriodicalId":409545,"journal":{"name":"EduRN: Economics Education (ERN) (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114311379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-02-08DOI: 10.1108/CASE.DARDEN.2016.000246
Susan J. Chaplinsky, Alex Droznik
This case examines issues surrounding the choice of financing arrangements for the acquisition of Radiologix in July 2006. The case follows Mark Stolper, the CFO of RadNet, as he considers how to raise the $363 million in funds necessary to finance the acquisition. When completed, the combined firms will be the largest private diagnostic-imaging provider in the United States. When Stolper joined RadNet in 2003, he confronted a company with “too much debt, and the wrong kind of debt.” His goal is to finance the acquisition in a way that further enhances the financial strength and operating flexibility of the company. Given the large size of funding required, the firm is unlikely to be able to fund the entire transaction with first-lien or bank debt. His financial advisors differ in their recommendations for how to raise the remaining funds—one suggests using second-lien debt, and the other, high-yield debt. The purpose of the case is to familiarize students with frequently encountered types of debt financing that are used to finance mergers and acquisitions and other corporate transactions. The case provides information on the distinctions among first-lien, second-lien, and high-yield debt in relation to their price, availability, flexibility of covenants, repayment ease, and composition of likely investors. The case is designed for use in courses that cover corporate financing, M&As, and debt financing.
{"title":"Radnet, Inc.: Financing an Acquisition","authors":"Susan J. Chaplinsky, Alex Droznik","doi":"10.1108/CASE.DARDEN.2016.000246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/CASE.DARDEN.2016.000246","url":null,"abstract":"This case examines issues surrounding the choice of financing arrangements for the acquisition of Radiologix in July 2006. The case follows Mark Stolper, the CFO of RadNet, as he considers how to raise the $363 million in funds necessary to finance the acquisition. When completed, the combined firms will be the largest private diagnostic-imaging provider in the United States. When Stolper joined RadNet in 2003, he confronted a company with “too much debt, and the wrong kind of debt.” His goal is to finance the acquisition in a way that further enhances the financial strength and operating flexibility of the company. Given the large size of funding required, the firm is unlikely to be able to fund the entire transaction with first-lien or bank debt. His financial advisors differ in their recommendations for how to raise the remaining funds—one suggests using second-lien debt, and the other, high-yield debt. \u0000 \u0000The purpose of the case is to familiarize students with frequently encountered types of debt financing that are used to finance mergers and acquisitions and other corporate transactions. The case provides information on the distinctions among first-lien, second-lien, and high-yield debt in relation to their price, availability, flexibility of covenants, repayment ease, and composition of likely investors. The case is designed for use in courses that cover corporate financing, M&As, and debt financing.","PeriodicalId":409545,"journal":{"name":"EduRN: Economics Education (ERN) (Topic)","volume":"168 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115470982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-02-02DOI: 10.1108/CASE.DARDEN.2016.000272
M. Davidson
This case was designed to build expertise in conflict management and assertiveness by allowing students to practice saying what needs to be said in challenging situations. Grounded in the pedagogy of experiential learning, the case consists of three role-play scenarios that exemplify three challenging business situations. In each scenario, two individuals are faced with a possible difference in perspective or goals. The role-play requires students to assume the role of one of the individuals, and each scenario requires another student to initiate the discussion.
{"title":"Saying What Needs to Be Said: Role-Plays","authors":"M. Davidson","doi":"10.1108/CASE.DARDEN.2016.000272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/CASE.DARDEN.2016.000272","url":null,"abstract":"This case was designed to build expertise in conflict management and assertiveness by allowing students to practice saying what needs to be said in challenging situations. Grounded in the pedagogy of experiential learning, the case consists of three role-play scenarios that exemplify three challenging business situations. In each scenario, two individuals are faced with a possible difference in perspective or goals. The role-play requires students to assume the role of one of the individuals, and each scenario requires another student to initiate the discussion.","PeriodicalId":409545,"journal":{"name":"EduRN: Economics Education (ERN) (Topic)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127845653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-02-02DOI: 10.1108/CASE.DARDEN.2016.000194
R. Bruner
In February 1991, the managers of this multinational specialty publishing company proposed to take the company private in a leveraged buyout (LBO). In addition to the ordinarily interesting features of the typical LBO, this transaction was the first to be denominated in ECUs and one of the few in which the managers provided all the equity financing. The tasks for the student are to value the company and evaluate the attractiveness of the transaction from the standpoints of seller, senior lender, mezzanine lender, and equity investor/manager. The case can be used to (1) exercise students' skills in valuing a highly leveraged company, (2) illustrate how deal structuring can mitigate potential agency problems, and (3) explore the problems and possible solutions associated with financing a global firm.
{"title":"Medimedia International, Ltd","authors":"R. Bruner","doi":"10.1108/CASE.DARDEN.2016.000194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/CASE.DARDEN.2016.000194","url":null,"abstract":"In February 1991, the managers of this multinational specialty publishing company proposed to take the company private in a leveraged buyout (LBO). In addition to the ordinarily interesting features of the typical LBO, this transaction was the first to be denominated in ECUs and one of the few in which the managers provided all the equity financing. The tasks for the student are to value the company and evaluate the attractiveness of the transaction from the standpoints of seller, senior lender, mezzanine lender, and equity investor/manager. The case can be used to (1) exercise students' skills in valuing a highly leveraged company, (2) illustrate how deal structuring can mitigate potential agency problems, and (3) explore the problems and possible solutions associated with financing a global firm.","PeriodicalId":409545,"journal":{"name":"EduRN: Economics Education (ERN) (Topic)","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127044433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-31DOI: 10.1108/CASE.DARDEN.2016.000358
P. Debaere
This case will lead students to a discussion of the causes and effects of hyperinflation. The link with fiscal deficits is explored, and so is the link with societal changes. The particular focus is on the hyperinflation in Zimbabwe under President Robert Mugabe whose government implemented a controversial land redistribution program. The case can be taught with a class experiment -- see teaching note.
{"title":"Zimbabwe: Grappling with Hyperinflation","authors":"P. Debaere","doi":"10.1108/CASE.DARDEN.2016.000358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/CASE.DARDEN.2016.000358","url":null,"abstract":"This case will lead students to a discussion of the causes and effects of hyperinflation. The link with fiscal deficits is explored, and so is the link with societal changes. The particular focus is on the hyperinflation in Zimbabwe under President Robert Mugabe whose government implemented a controversial land redistribution program. The case can be taught with a class experiment -- see teaching note.","PeriodicalId":409545,"journal":{"name":"EduRN: Economics Education (ERN) (Topic)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121855967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-30DOI: 10.1108/CASE.DARDEN.2016.000110
L. Grayson, Golnar Sheikholeslami, Kunihiko Amano, Thomas Falck, Virginia Kleinclaus
This case concerns the troubles that Euro Disney experienced from the start. Euro Disney claimed that the major cause of its poor financial performance was the European recession and the strong French franc. The timing of the park's opening could not have been more inopportune. If the recession had been the only cause of Euro Disney's problems, the financial restructuring would only need to carry the park forward to better economic times. Only when Europeans began spending freely again would investors learn the answers to some uncomfortable questions: Was the whole idea of Euro Disney misconceived? Were there other fundamental cultural problems that could inhibit the park's success? Would Euro Disney fail to recover even though other European companies did? And, if so, why was the Disney theme-park concept successful in Japan and not in France?
{"title":"Euro Disney or Euro Disaster?","authors":"L. Grayson, Golnar Sheikholeslami, Kunihiko Amano, Thomas Falck, Virginia Kleinclaus","doi":"10.1108/CASE.DARDEN.2016.000110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/CASE.DARDEN.2016.000110","url":null,"abstract":"This case concerns the troubles that Euro Disney experienced from the start. Euro Disney claimed that the major cause of its poor financial performance was the European recession and the strong French franc. The timing of the park's opening could not have been more inopportune. If the recession had been the only cause of Euro Disney's problems, the financial restructuring would only need to carry the park forward to better economic times. Only when Europeans began spending freely again would investors learn the answers to some uncomfortable questions: Was the whole idea of Euro Disney misconceived? Were there other fundamental cultural problems that could inhibit the park's success? Would Euro Disney fail to recover even though other European companies did? And, if so, why was the Disney theme-park concept successful in Japan and not in France?","PeriodicalId":409545,"journal":{"name":"EduRN: Economics Education (ERN) (Topic)","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114348712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To date, little detailed research has been undertaken on the university experience of students in Papua New Guinea, or their career preferences and expectations; this type of research is ordinarily canvassed in graduate exit surveys. This study addresses this gap by analysing and discussing the results of a graduate exit survey of a small cohort of final year undergraduate economic students at the University of Papua New Guinea, whom the author was lecturing. Most graduates sought to be employed within the public sector in Port Moresby, but a sizeable minority sought to run their own businesses. This highlights the need for the only economics degree in Papua New Guinea to expand its focus beyond economic theory to practical policy-making and entrepreneurial skills. Despite the fragility of the current economic environment in Papua New Guinea, graduating economics students were optimistic about their likelihood of employment, if demonstrating quite mixed confidence about the level of knowledge and skills they acquired from their degrees. Particularly concerning were the open criticisms from respondents about the quality of the education they received.Whilst this study was small in scope, it provides useful insights on enhancing the student educational experience at the University of Papua New Guinea and other Papua New Guinean universities.
迄今为止，对巴布亚新几内亚学生的大学经历或他们的职业偏好和期望进行的详细研究很少;这类研究通常在毕业生离职调查中进行。本研究通过分析和讨论对作者授课的巴布亚新几内亚大学(University of Papua New Guinea)一小群最后一年本科经济学学生的毕业调查结果，解决了这一差距。大多数毕业生寻求在莫尔兹比港的公共部门就业，但相当多的少数人寻求经营自己的企业。这凸显了巴布亚新几内亚唯一的经济学学位需要将其重点从经济理论扩展到实际的政策制定和创业技能。尽管巴布亚新几内亚目前的经济环境很脆弱，但即将毕业的经济学学生对就业的可能性持乐观态度，尽管他们对从学位中获得的知识和技能水平表现出相当复杂的信心。特别令人关切的是，答复者公开批评他们所受教育的质量。虽然这项研究的范围很小，但它为加强巴布亚新几内亚大学和其他巴布亚新几内亚大学的学生教育体验提供了有用的见解。
{"title":"Papua New Guinea Economics Graduate Exit Survey","authors":"Michael Cornish","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2907811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2907811","url":null,"abstract":"To date, little detailed research has been undertaken on the university experience of students in Papua New Guinea, or their career preferences and expectations; this type of research is ordinarily canvassed in graduate exit surveys. This study addresses this gap by analysing and discussing the results of a graduate exit survey of a small cohort of final year undergraduate economic students at the University of Papua New Guinea, whom the author was lecturing. Most graduates sought to be employed within the public sector in Port Moresby, but a sizeable minority sought to run their own businesses. This highlights the need for the only economics degree in Papua New Guinea to expand its focus beyond economic theory to practical policy-making and entrepreneurial skills. Despite the fragility of the current economic environment in Papua New Guinea, graduating economics students were optimistic about their likelihood of employment, if demonstrating quite mixed confidence about the level of knowledge and skills they acquired from their degrees. Particularly concerning were the open criticisms from respondents about the quality of the education they received.Whilst this study was small in scope, it provides useful insights on enhancing the student educational experience at the University of Papua New Guinea and other Papua New Guinean universities.","PeriodicalId":409545,"journal":{"name":"EduRN: Economics Education (ERN) (Topic)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114861562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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