This paper delves into the intricate interplay between Vedānta philosophy and the pursuit of universality in select poems by the esteemed Irish poet, W.B. Yeats. Drawing upon the philosophical tenets of Vedānta, which emphasize the inherent unity of all existence, this study examines how Yeats, a poet deeply influenced by the Eastern thought, grapples with and explores these profound ideas in his poetic oeuvre. Through an in-depth analysis of select poems, I aim to unravel the nuanced ways Yeats engages with Vedānta philosophy, seeking to transcend cultural and temporal boundaries in his quest for a universal poetic vision. Furthermore, the paper endeavours to elucidate why it is imperative to comprehend World Literature through Indic perspectives, challenging the foreign origins of the term. The argument posits the need to develop a theoretical framework rooted in the Indian viewpoint to comprehend literature from diverse global traditions.
{"title":"Advaita Vedānta and the Poetic Exploration of Transcendence in W.B. Yeats’ Poetry","authors":"Dr. Smita","doi":"10.59136/lv.2024.2.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59136/lv.2024.2.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"This paper delves into the intricate interplay between Vedānta philosophy and the pursuit of universality in select poems by the esteemed Irish poet, W.B. Yeats. Drawing upon the philosophical tenets of Vedānta, which emphasize the inherent unity of all existence, this study examines how Yeats, a poet deeply influenced by the Eastern thought, grapples with and explores these profound ideas in his poetic oeuvre. Through an in-depth analysis of select poems, I aim to unravel the nuanced ways Yeats engages with Vedānta philosophy, seeking to transcend cultural and temporal boundaries in his quest for a universal poetic vision. Furthermore, the paper endeavours to elucidate why it is imperative to comprehend World Literature through Indic perspectives, challenging the foreign origins of the term. The argument posits the need to develop a theoretical framework rooted in the Indian viewpoint to comprehend literature from diverse global traditions.","PeriodicalId":40984,"journal":{"name":"Literary Voice","volume":"34 S1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140441481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Indian cinema is one of the most influential and powerful tools for addressing various social issues via the medium of a screenplay. The Indian film industry, commonly known as Bollywood, is one of the largest and most prolific film industries (Pillania 115) in the world. This article aims to explore Gender Roles and Stereotypes prevalent in Bollywood films, through an in-depth analysis of the popular films Dhrishyam 1 and 2, hereafter referred to as the Dhrishyam film series. By examining the portrayal of lead characters, the study aims to shed light on the ways in which Indian cinema perpetuates societal norms and biases. Through a combination of qualitative content analysis and audience reception analysis, the research provides empirical evidence to support the claim that Indian films, including the “Dhrishyam” film series, contribute to the diffusion of gender stereotyping, consolidating unreasonable societal expectations. With a focus on the intersectionality of gender, identity, and culture, this study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the complex relationships between Indian cinema and societal constructs, leading to critical insights into theneed for more diverse and inclusive portrayals in the film industry.
{"title":"Gender Politics and Stereotypes in Bollywood Films Dhrishyam 1 and 2","authors":"Dr. Sandhya Tiwari","doi":"10.59136/lv.2024.2.1.85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59136/lv.2024.2.1.85","url":null,"abstract":"Indian cinema is one of the most influential and powerful tools for addressing various social issues via the medium of a screenplay. The Indian film industry, commonly known as Bollywood, is one of the largest and most prolific film industries (Pillania 115) in the world. This article aims to explore Gender Roles and Stereotypes prevalent in Bollywood films, through an in-depth analysis of the popular films Dhrishyam 1 and 2, hereafter referred to as the Dhrishyam film series. By examining the portrayal of lead characters, the study aims to shed light on the ways in which Indian cinema perpetuates societal norms and biases. Through a combination of qualitative content analysis and audience reception analysis, the research provides empirical evidence to support the claim that Indian films, including the “Dhrishyam” film series, contribute to the diffusion of gender stereotyping, consolidating unreasonable societal expectations. With a focus on the intersectionality of gender, identity, and culture, this study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the complex relationships between Indian cinema and societal constructs, leading to critical insights into theneed for more diverse and inclusive portrayals in the film industry.","PeriodicalId":40984,"journal":{"name":"Literary Voice","volume":"11 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139957524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Myths rooted in patriarchal ideologies subordinate women and distort female experiences. They are laden with stereotypes and gendered representations. This raised a significant concern among feminist scholars to critically challenge narratives entrenched in patriarchal thought and carve new mythological grounds for women. Feminist writers have employed revisionist mythmaking strategies to articulate dissent and denounce myths that annihilate their experiences. The paper examines the revisionist strategies employed by Louise Gluck in her poem Circe’s Power (1996)from the collection Meadowlands (I996) using a feminist lens. The focus is on how Gluck reclaims and transforms the mythical landscape of the Odyssey, turning it into an empowered feminine space, thereby creating powerful connections between women and mythology. It pays close attention to the Greek character Circe from the Odyssey and explores how the poet appropriates her voice to subvert phallocentric mythic models, critiquing social expectations and genderroles. The study's central focus is restoring Circe from the ruins of being trapped in her traditional archetypal role of the femme fatale.
{"title":"Reimagining Circe: Subversion of Patriarchal Mythic Patterns in Louise Gluck’s Circe’s Power","authors":"Sandhra Sunny, Dr Sharmila Narayana","doi":"10.59136/lv.2024.2.1.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59136/lv.2024.2.1.8","url":null,"abstract":"Myths rooted in patriarchal ideologies subordinate women and distort female experiences. They are laden with stereotypes and gendered representations. This raised a significant concern among feminist scholars to critically challenge narratives entrenched in patriarchal thought and carve new mythological grounds for women. Feminist writers have employed revisionist mythmaking strategies to articulate dissent and denounce myths that annihilate their experiences. The paper examines the revisionist strategies employed by Louise Gluck in her poem Circe’s Power (1996)from the collection Meadowlands (I996) using a feminist lens. The focus is on how Gluck reclaims and transforms the mythical landscape of the Odyssey, turning it into an empowered feminine space, thereby creating powerful connections between women and mythology. It pays close attention to the Greek character Circe from the Odyssey and explores how the poet appropriates her voice to subvert phallocentric mythic models, critiquing social expectations and genderroles. The study's central focus is restoring Circe from the ruins of being trapped in her traditional archetypal role of the femme fatale.","PeriodicalId":40984,"journal":{"name":"Literary Voice","volume":"96 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140438217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Phenomenology is a philosophical approach based on an understanding of subjective experience, offering a unique lens for exploring literary works. Synthesis of phenomenology and literary analysis reveal a complex relationship between human experience and creative expression. Phenomenology, a philosophical framework grounded in the study of human experience, offers a unique lens for understanding and interpreting literature. This article examines the theoretical foundations of phenomenology and its application in literary analysis, presenting in-depth analysis and case studies that demonstrate the wealth of insight it brings to the field of literary studies. Phenomenology, seeking to understand human experience and its underlying structure, has emerged as a valuable lens for analyzing literary works. Through a detailed literature review, discussion of theoretical frameworks, and examination of case studies, this article explores how phenomenology enhances our understanding of literary texts, enriches their interpretation, and explores the complex interactions between readers and texts.
{"title":"Exploring Phenomenology in Literary Analysis: A Novel Theoretical Framework","authors":"Dr Kaniphnath Malhari, Mr. Rupesh Kotte","doi":"10.59136/lv.2024.2.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59136/lv.2024.2.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Phenomenology is a philosophical approach based on an understanding of subjective experience, offering a unique lens for exploring literary works. Synthesis of phenomenology and literary analysis reveal a complex relationship between human experience and creative expression. Phenomenology, a philosophical framework grounded in the study of human experience, offers a unique lens for understanding and interpreting literature. This article examines the theoretical foundations of phenomenology and its application in literary analysis, presenting in-depth analysis and case studies that demonstrate the wealth of insight it brings to the field of literary studies. Phenomenology, seeking to understand human experience and its underlying structure, has emerged as a valuable lens for analyzing literary works. Through a detailed literature review, discussion of theoretical frameworks, and examination of case studies, this article explores how phenomenology enhances our understanding of literary texts, enriches their interpretation, and explores the complex interactions between readers and texts.","PeriodicalId":40984,"journal":{"name":"Literary Voice","volume":"92 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140438087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The research paper observes the play of subjectivity that the novel White Noise by Don DeLillo entails. It depicts the juxtaposition of different identities by the characters to lead a life they desire. In this book, DeLillo explores the dynamics of identity that underpin postmodern civilization. The modern man who believed in wholeness and unity has been replaced by a postmodern man who is in complete contrast, owns a constructed identity and lacks uniqueness. This paper points toward the fragmented self, and search forthe true self.
{"title":"Examining the Landscape of Postmodern Subjectivity in Don DeLillo’s White Noise","authors":"Agrita Chhibber, Dr. Muzafar Ahmed, Bhat","doi":"10.59136/lv.2024.2.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59136/lv.2024.2.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"The research paper observes the play of subjectivity that the novel White Noise by Don DeLillo entails. It depicts the juxtaposition of different identities by the characters to lead a life they desire. In this book, DeLillo explores the dynamics of identity that underpin postmodern civilization. The modern man who believed in wholeness and unity has been replaced by a postmodern man who is in complete contrast, owns a constructed identity and lacks uniqueness. This paper points toward the fragmented self, and search forthe true self.","PeriodicalId":40984,"journal":{"name":"Literary Voice","volume":"12 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140438571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This essay examines Begum Rokeya’s pivotal work Sultana’s Dream (1905) in the context of medieval dream vision by foregrounding its matches with the dream vision genre. With Sultana’s Dream, Rokeya takes women in the Indian community to a realm of freedom away from purdah and the zenana via mainly treating the concerns of gender and education. Rokeya endeavours to raise female consciousness in her story written in a dream format featuring Sister Sara as the guide to forging a self-sufficient female identity equal to men. I read Sister Sara as a wise woman, an exemplar of Boethius’ Lady Philosophy, appearing in medieval dream visions to bring people to the truth, the conversion to Christianity in the medieval setting as in The Dream of the Rood. The essay concludes that, apart from her community, Rokeya’s call in Sultana’s Dream stretches out from medieval to contemporary society within the milieuof a dream vision to a feminist utopia respectively.
{"title":"Rokeya’s Dream Vision: An Indian Lady Philosophy and Conversion to Feminism","authors":"Nazan Yıldız Cicekci","doi":"10.59136/lv.2024.2.1.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59136/lv.2024.2.1.17","url":null,"abstract":"This essay examines Begum Rokeya’s pivotal work Sultana’s Dream (1905) in the context of medieval dream vision by foregrounding its matches with the dream vision genre. With Sultana’s Dream, Rokeya takes women in the Indian community to a realm of freedom away from purdah and the zenana via mainly treating the concerns of gender and education. Rokeya endeavours to raise female consciousness in her story written in a dream format featuring Sister Sara as the guide to forging a self-sufficient female identity equal to men. I read Sister Sara as a wise woman, an exemplar of Boethius’ Lady Philosophy, appearing in medieval dream visions to bring people to the truth, the conversion to Christianity in the medieval setting as in The Dream of the Rood. The essay concludes that, apart from her community, Rokeya’s call in Sultana’s Dream stretches out from medieval to contemporary society within the milieuof a dream vision to a feminist utopia respectively. ","PeriodicalId":40984,"journal":{"name":"Literary Voice","volume":"73 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140439934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the contemporary world, activities of the people have been monitored and scrutinised by the ever strong vigilant governments. The Fascist governments, in particular, are changing the dynamics of the countries as well as the world by moulding and shaping the minds of people according to their objectives. The opponents of the state are silenced or liquidated. The present paper on renowned Japanese writer Yoko Ogawa’s science fiction work, The Memory Police (2019) has been done to highlight similar issues. The article is divided into three sections. The first section of the article examines how totalitarian regimes function, particularly by playing upon the minds and memories of its citizens. The paper also points out as how people engage with memory as a weapon of protest and as a near-sentient being are confronted with an iniquitous opposition whose main objective is to destroy it. The second section focuses how the psychological toll of forgetting is manifested in the physical world. For instance, when objects vanish from reality, they vanish from memory too, and vice versa. Finally, in the third section, analogies are drawn between the metaphoric cosmos of the novel and in the previously witnessed progressively hypernationalistic and dictatorial governments acquiring control over the world.
{"title":"Suppression of Memory as Totalitarian Strategy: A Critique of Yoko Ogawa’s The Memory Police","authors":"Mr. Sunil Kumar, Dr. Ravinder Singh","doi":"10.59136/lv.2024.2.1.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59136/lv.2024.2.1.13","url":null,"abstract":"In the contemporary world, activities of the people have been monitored and scrutinised by the ever strong vigilant governments. The Fascist governments, in particular, are changing the dynamics of the countries as well as the world by moulding and shaping the minds of people according to their objectives. The opponents of the state are silenced or liquidated. The present paper on renowned Japanese writer Yoko Ogawa’s science fiction work, The Memory Police (2019) has been done to highlight similar issues. The article is divided into three sections. The first section of the article examines how totalitarian regimes function, particularly by playing upon the minds and memories of its citizens. The paper also points out as how people engage with memory as a weapon of protest and as a near-sentient being are confronted with an iniquitous opposition whose main objective is to destroy it. The second section focuses how the psychological toll of forgetting is manifested in the physical world. For instance, when objects vanish from reality, they vanish from memory too, and vice versa. Finally, in the third section, analogies are drawn between the metaphoric cosmos of the novel and in the previously witnessed progressively hypernationalistic and dictatorial governments acquiring control over the world. ","PeriodicalId":40984,"journal":{"name":"Literary Voice","volume":"5 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140440113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In poetry, line-breaks “shape meaning.” Poets use them to “encourage the interpretations they desire.” While several and often overlapping reasons may undergird the choice of a particular line-break in a poem, including “speed, sound, syntax, surprise, sense, [and] space”, this article explores the meaning-making and affectmaking practices through the manipulation of white space in poetry. The archive that it draws from is of contemporary Indian poetry, particularly the works of poets Arun Kolatkar (b. 1932), Agha Shahid Ali (b. 1949) and Aditi Rao (b. 1985). Furthering Wagner’s argument that white “space between and around lines create[s]…expectations that are fulfilled or countered by the text” and that organisation of space in poetry “create[s] a sense of drama,” this article studies the varying tactics through which contemporary Indian poets use the device of space to manage meaning and affect in their work.
{"title":"The Use of White Space in Poems: Meaning and Affect Making Through Manipulation of Space in Contemporary Indian Poetry","authors":"Dr. Akhil Katyal","doi":"10.59136/lv.2024.2.1.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59136/lv.2024.2.1.14","url":null,"abstract":"In poetry, line-breaks “shape meaning.” Poets use them to “encourage the interpretations they desire.” While several and often overlapping reasons may undergird the choice of a particular line-break in a poem, including “speed, sound, syntax, surprise, sense, [and] space”, this article explores the meaning-making and affectmaking practices through the manipulation of white space in poetry. The archive that it draws from is of contemporary Indian poetry, particularly the works of poets Arun Kolatkar (b. 1932), Agha Shahid Ali (b. 1949) and Aditi Rao (b. 1985). Furthering Wagner’s argument that white “space between and around lines create[s]…expectations that are fulfilled or countered by the text” and that organisation of space in poetry “create[s] a sense of drama,” this article studies the varying tactics through which contemporary Indian poets use the device of space to manage meaning and affect in their work.","PeriodicalId":40984,"journal":{"name":"Literary Voice","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140440906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Accurately capturing the lived experiences of the oppressed within broader historical and social settings is the cornerstone of testimonio, a genre serving to bear witness to oppression and catalyse social change. The central premise of Roja Singh’s insightful testimonio Spotted Goddesses: Dalit Women's AgencyNarratives on Caste and Gender Violence asserts the inherent connection between misogyny, sexual domination, and the caste system. While engaging contemplatively with Singh's personal journey, the lived experiences reveal that caste-based violence is systemic and that Dalit women embody the "difference" that makes them distinct and untouchable. The paper explores how the testimonial narratives illustrate the way caste undermines the dignity of the oppressed, and it highlights the unwavering determination and tenacity of Dalit women who seek justice against caste hierarchy. It concludes by demonstrating how, despite all the obstacles, Dalit women form alliances with organisations and government authorities to elevate their standard of living and, ultimately, build a democratic and equitable society for the future generations of Dalit children.
{"title":"Subverting the Difference: Reading Roja Singh's Spotted Goddess as a Dalit Testimonio","authors":"Banu. T, Prof. G. Baskaran","doi":"10.59136/lv.2024.2.1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59136/lv.2024.2.1.7","url":null,"abstract":"Accurately capturing the lived experiences of the oppressed within broader historical and social settings is the cornerstone of testimonio, a genre serving to bear witness to oppression and catalyse social change. The central premise of Roja Singh’s insightful testimonio Spotted Goddesses: Dalit Women's AgencyNarratives on Caste and Gender Violence asserts the inherent connection between misogyny, sexual domination, and the caste system. While engaging contemplatively with Singh's personal journey, the lived experiences reveal that caste-based violence is systemic and that Dalit women embody the \"difference\" that makes them distinct and untouchable. The paper explores how the testimonial narratives illustrate the way caste undermines the dignity of the oppressed, and it highlights the unwavering determination and tenacity of Dalit women who seek justice against caste hierarchy. It concludes by demonstrating how, despite all the obstacles, Dalit women form alliances with organisations and government authorities to elevate their standard of living and, ultimately, build a democratic and equitable society for the future generations of Dalit children. ","PeriodicalId":40984,"journal":{"name":"Literary Voice","volume":"8 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140441152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gender, as a socially constructed role that societies assign to individuals based on their perceived sex, has been significantly influenced by social and cultural norms throughout history (Connell 1987, 70). In patriarchal societies like India, the concept of masculinity is particularly shaped by the prevailing social and cultural factors. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of masculinity through the character of Balram Halwai in Arvind Adiga’s The White Tiger (2008). The primary focus of this study lies in exploring how rigid gender roles contribute to the perpetuation of child abuse and child labour under the guise of upholding “masculinity.” By employing R.W. Connell's theory of masculinities, Judith Butler's theory of gender performativity, structural functionalism perspectives on gender, the paper delves into the character of Balram Halwai to investigate the profound impact that social expectations and gender roles have on his psyche. Furthermore, the paper investigates the extreme measures Balram undertakes in his pursuit of embodying the societal ideals of being a “man.” This study offers an intricate multidimensional exploration of masculinity in a patriarchal Indian context, uncovering the ways in which social expectations and gender roles can profoundly impact individuals’ lives.
{"title":"“Live like a Man:” Analysing The White Tiger’s Balram Halwai in a Patriarchal India","authors":"Dhruvee Sinha, Dr. Zeeshan Ali","doi":"10.59136/lv.2024.2.1.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59136/lv.2024.2.1.16","url":null,"abstract":"Gender, as a socially constructed role that societies assign to individuals based on their perceived sex, has been significantly influenced by social and cultural norms throughout history (Connell 1987, 70). In patriarchal societies like India, the concept of masculinity is particularly shaped by the prevailing social and cultural factors. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of masculinity through the character of Balram Halwai in Arvind Adiga’s The White Tiger (2008). The primary focus of this study lies in exploring how rigid gender roles contribute to the perpetuation of child abuse and child labour under the guise of upholding “masculinity.” By employing R.W. Connell's theory of masculinities, Judith Butler's theory of gender performativity, structural functionalism perspectives on gender, the paper delves into the character of Balram Halwai to investigate the profound impact that social expectations and gender roles have on his psyche. Furthermore, the paper investigates the extreme measures Balram undertakes in his pursuit of embodying the societal ideals of being a “man.” This study offers an intricate multidimensional exploration of masculinity in a patriarchal Indian context, uncovering the ways in which social expectations and gender roles can profoundly impact individuals’ lives.","PeriodicalId":40984,"journal":{"name":"Literary Voice","volume":"25 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140439675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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