Miguel Puente-Ajovín, Marcos Sanso-Navarro, María Vera-Cabello
This paper compares the size distribution of cities when they are measured in both demographic and economic terms. In doing so, we have exploited more recent and accurate nighttime lights data than those previously used to proxy urban economic activity. Our results for a sample covering 12,852 urban centres in 100 countries show that economic activity is more unevenly distributed than population. There is weak evidence for Zipf's law in aggregate urban night lights, especially in medium and low income countries. Our findings do not support a Pareto distribution for city sizes measured in economic terms.
{"title":"Comparing City Size Distributions: Population vs. Economic Activity","authors":"Miguel Puente-Ajovín, Marcos Sanso-Navarro, María Vera-Cabello","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3933838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3933838","url":null,"abstract":"This paper compares the size distribution of cities when they are measured in both demographic and economic terms. In doing so, we have exploited more recent and accurate nighttime lights data than those previously used to proxy urban economic activity. Our results for a sample covering 12,852 urban centres in 100 countries show that economic activity is more unevenly distributed than population. There is weak evidence for Zipf's law in aggregate urban night lights, especially in medium and low income countries. Our findings do not support a Pareto distribution for city sizes measured in economic terms.","PeriodicalId":410291,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Analytical Models (Topic)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115377719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigates the impact of migrants’ post-migration experiences on their integration and housing behaviors. Collaborating with a local town council, we surveyed 1,128 households living in Singapore public housing estates and constructed instrumental variables to resolve identification problems. Two sets of empirical findings are established. First, migrants with more extended periods of post-migration residency demonstrate higher integration levels, both spatially and socially. With 1 more year of residency, migrant renters select housing in areas up to 3.01% farther from their workplace, physically and spatially making a way into the host society. Migrant homeowners show stronger social integration than migrant renters, based on both subjective and objective social integration measures. Second, in the public open rental housing market, where migrants in their early post-migration years typically reside, migrant renters pay rents that are lower by up to 0.67% with 1 more year of post-migration residency. A further test shows that a more extended post-migration residency period increases a migrant’s housing search and bargaining power for lower rent due to integration. Our empirical evidence indicates the significance of early years’ post-migration experiences in shaping integration and the importance of integration policy in assisting new migrants.
{"title":"The Road to Integration: Post-Migration Experience and Migrant Housing Behavior in Singapore","authors":"Yi Fan, H. Teo, Yong Tu, Wayne Xinwei Wan","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3772823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3772823","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the impact of migrants’ post-migration experiences on their integration and housing behaviors. Collaborating with a local town council, we surveyed 1,128 households living in Singapore public housing estates and constructed instrumental variables to resolve identification problems. Two sets of empirical findings are established. First, migrants with more extended periods of post-migration residency demonstrate higher integration levels, both spatially and socially. With 1 more year of residency, migrant renters select housing in areas up to 3.01% farther from their workplace, physically and spatially making a way into the host society. Migrant homeowners show stronger social integration than migrant renters, based on both subjective and objective social integration measures. Second, in the public open rental housing market, where migrants in their early post-migration years typically reside, migrant renters pay rents that are lower by up to 0.67% with 1 more year of post-migration residency. A further test shows that a more extended post-migration residency period increases a migrant’s housing search and bargaining power for lower rent due to integration. Our empirical evidence indicates the significance of early years’ post-migration experiences in shaping integration and the importance of integration policy in assisting new migrants.","PeriodicalId":410291,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Analytical Models (Topic)","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128125062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Galesi, Nuria Mata, David M. Rey, S. Schmitz, Johannes Schuffels
Selling homes is not easy. Home sellers usually need to apply a price discount to swiftly close a deal, and more so when housing market activity is low. Using detailed data on home listings and transactions in Spain, we provide unique estimates of the price discount across regional submarkets and time. We document that the price discount is strongly countercylical, as it increases with declining market conditions, and viceversa during upturns. Despite substantial heterogeneity, regional price discounts are synchronized and a single common factor can account for about sixty percent of their variation, thus suggesting the existence of a national housing cycle. Finally, we document that the main factors linked to changes in the price discount are developments in income, population, and interest rates, which are jointly able to explain the bulk of variation in housing market liquidity across regions and time. Besides providing a formal test of the performance of the price spread in gauging housing market liquidity, this study conveys practical information to real estate market participants, policymakers, and financial institutions for which assessing conditions in Spanish housing markets is a central task.
{"title":"Regional Housing Market Conditions in Spain","authors":"A. Galesi, Nuria Mata, David M. Rey, S. Schmitz, Johannes Schuffels","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3724178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3724178","url":null,"abstract":"Selling homes is not easy. Home sellers usually need to apply a price discount to swiftly close a deal, and more so when housing market activity is low. Using detailed data on home listings and transactions in Spain, we provide unique estimates of the price discount across regional submarkets and time. We document that the price discount is strongly countercylical, as it increases with declining market conditions, and viceversa during upturns. Despite substantial heterogeneity, regional price discounts are synchronized and a single common factor can account for about sixty percent of their variation, thus suggesting the existence of a national housing cycle. Finally, we document that the main factors linked to changes in the price discount are developments in income, population, and interest rates, which are jointly able to explain the bulk of variation in housing market liquidity across regions and time. Besides providing a formal test of the performance of the price spread in gauging housing market liquidity, this study conveys practical information to real estate market participants, policymakers, and financial institutions for which assessing conditions in Spanish housing markets is a central task.","PeriodicalId":410291,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Analytical Models (Topic)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125426622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yalemzewd Nigussie, Tefferi Ghebray Enday, Mintesinot Adinew, M. Seyeneh
Public transport and attending social events are becoming a stumbling block to maintain a safe social distancing in the fight against COVID-19. We developed a quasi-experiment that involves a tradeoff between economic outcomes over social distancing in some natural settings. The results show that about 58% of subjects prefer to break the social distancing rule and choose the most unsafe public transport. As a result, we further tried to understand the determinant factors of practicing social distancing using a binary probit model. The results show that a relatively lower income, and lower education level are significant and positively influence the decision to practice the social distancing rule which is contrary to the existed literature. The second experiment was devoted to understanding the effect of framing media message on subject’s decision to take part in a social event. The results show that there is no statistically significant difference in decisions between the treatment (those who received a loss framed message) and control (those who received the gain COVD related media message) groups. However, we find a strong association between social participation and decision to take part in social events.
{"title":"Evidence-based COVID-19 Response in Ethiopia: A quasi-Experimental Study on Social Distancing","authors":"Yalemzewd Nigussie, Tefferi Ghebray Enday, Mintesinot Adinew, M. Seyeneh","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3718791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3718791","url":null,"abstract":"Public transport and attending social events are becoming a stumbling block to maintain a safe social distancing in the fight against COVID-19. We developed a quasi-experiment that involves a tradeoff between economic outcomes over social distancing in some natural settings. The results show that about 58% of subjects prefer to break the social distancing rule and choose the most unsafe public transport. As a result, we further tried to understand the determinant factors of practicing social distancing using a binary probit model. The results show that a relatively lower income, and lower education level are significant and positively influence the decision to practice the social distancing rule which is contrary to the existed literature. The second experiment was devoted to understanding the effect of framing media message on subject’s decision to take part in a social event. The results show that there is no statistically significant difference in decisions between the treatment (those who received a loss framed message) and control (those who received the gain COVD related media message) groups. However, we find a strong association between social participation and decision to take part in social events.","PeriodicalId":410291,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Analytical Models (Topic)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129566534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We analyze how a region’s industrial structure affects its productivity and its resilience to shocks. Using co-occurrence analysis, we construct an interdependence network of U.S. industries. For each U.S. metropolitan area, we then calculate an aggregate metric of this network called economic tightness, which captures the interconnectedness among a region’s industries. We find that tightness is positively correlated with economic productivity but negatively correlated with a region’s change in productivity following the Great Recession, revealing a tradeoff between higher productivity and higher resilience. We further find that productivity is higher in metropolitan areas with industry pairs that rarely occur together.
{"title":"Industrial Structure and a Tradeoff between Productivity and Resilience","authors":"S. Shutters, Keith Waters","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3702545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3702545","url":null,"abstract":"We analyze how a region’s industrial structure affects its productivity and its resilience to shocks. Using co-occurrence analysis, we construct an interdependence network of U.S. industries. For each U.S. metropolitan area, we then calculate an aggregate metric of this network called economic tightness, which captures the interconnectedness among a region’s industries. We find that tightness is positively correlated with economic productivity but negatively correlated with a region’s change in productivity following the Great Recession, revealing a tradeoff between higher productivity and higher resilience. We further find that productivity is higher in metropolitan areas with industry pairs that rarely occur together.","PeriodicalId":410291,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Analytical Models (Topic)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125344364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study empirically investigates how two types of airport charges (per-passenger and per-flight) differentially affect airfares, service quality (flight frequency), and welfare. A structural model endogenizing airfares and flight frequency is estimated with data on Japanese domestic routes and then used for simulation analyses. The results reveal that per-passenger charges significantly raise airfares, with an average pass-through rate of 97.5 percent, and reduce flight frequency. Per-flight charges decrease flight frequency but have little effect on airfares. On nearly 80 percent of the routes in the sample, per-flight charges are socially preferred to per-passenger charges. The small portion (approximately 20 percent) of routes on which per-passenger charges are preferred include the largest routes. Consequently, per-passenger charges become socially preferred from the perspective of total surplus aggregated over all routes. It is also found that when flight frequency is treated as exogenous, the preferred form of charge could be reversed.
{"title":"Choice of Policy Instruments with Endogenous Quality: Per-passenger and Per-flight Airport Charges in Japan","authors":"Naoshi Doi","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3364019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3364019","url":null,"abstract":"This study empirically investigates how two types of airport charges (per-passenger and per-flight) differentially affect airfares, service quality (flight frequency), and welfare. A structural model endogenizing airfares and flight frequency is estimated with data on Japanese domestic routes and then used for simulation analyses. The results reveal that per-passenger charges significantly raise airfares, with an average pass-through rate of 97.5 percent, and reduce flight frequency. Per-flight charges decrease flight frequency but have little effect on airfares. On nearly 80 percent of the routes in the sample, per-flight charges are socially preferred to per-passenger charges. The small portion (approximately 20 percent) of routes on which per-passenger charges are preferred include the largest routes. Consequently, per-passenger charges become socially preferred from the perspective of total surplus aggregated over all routes. It is also found that when flight frequency is treated as exogenous, the preferred form of charge could be reversed.","PeriodicalId":410291,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Analytical Models (Topic)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121290314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study was inspired by an aspiration to examine the private housing developers commitment to design and construct estates in environments that have necessary facilities. The paper aims to assess the relative satisfaction level conveyed by the residents of private housing estates in Enugu, in the hope that the results would advance the design of such environments. The results of hypothesis tested show that environmental facilities have a significant effect on residents satisfaction. Analysis model of spearman rho correlation analysis showed a correlation coefficient value of 0.085 with a significance probability point of 0.023. This implies a weak relationship exists between the environmental facilities and residents satisfaction. Furthermore, the significance probability point of 0.023 shows it is significant. This finding shows that these environmental variables- mode of refuse disposal, state of roads within the estate, sanitization level, Recreation Park indeed represent the important factors that influence overall residents satisfaction. The paper concluded that by integrating the subjective assessments of the residents with developers/planners objective criteria, the shortcomings that produce dissatisfaction be annihilated. Residents satisfaction in private housing estates in the study area and future private housing projects, can be enhanced through the provision of environmental facilities and the facilities functioning well in the housing estates.
{"title":"Influence of Environmental Facilities on Resident's Satisfaction in Private Housing Estates in Enugu Nigeria","authors":"C. Umeora","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3530010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3530010","url":null,"abstract":"This study was inspired by an aspiration to examine the private housing developers commitment to design and construct estates in environments that have necessary facilities. The paper aims to assess the relative satisfaction level conveyed by the residents of private housing estates in Enugu, in the hope that the results would advance the design of such environments. The results of hypothesis tested show that environmental facilities have a significant effect on residents satisfaction. Analysis model of spearman rho correlation analysis showed a correlation coefficient value of 0.085 with a significance probability point of 0.023. This implies a weak relationship exists between the environmental facilities and residents satisfaction. Furthermore, the significance probability point of 0.023 shows it is significant. This finding shows that these environmental variables- mode of refuse disposal, state of roads within the estate, sanitization level, Recreation Park indeed represent the important factors that influence overall residents satisfaction. The paper concluded that by integrating the subjective assessments of the residents with developers/planners objective criteria, the shortcomings that produce dissatisfaction be annihilated. Residents satisfaction in private housing estates in the study area and future private housing projects, can be enhanced through the provision of environmental facilities and the facilities functioning well in the housing estates.","PeriodicalId":410291,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Analytical Models (Topic)","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134209576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cheng He, Tong Wang, Xiaopeng Luo, Zhenzhi Luo, J. Guan, Haojun Gao, Keyan Zhu, lu feng, Yuehao Xu, Yuan Cheng, Y. Hu
The outbreak of COVID-19 has caused huge disruptions to the world economy. As a number of countries make progress in containing this outbreak, some of them have started to reopen their economy. We study the curves of recovery after reopening the economy, using a unique real-time dataset of daily customer traffic of 463 malls from 88 cities in China. Our results demonstrate that 9 weeks after reopening the economy, mall traffic has recovered to 64.0% of its level before this outbreak. In addition, the progress of containing this outbreak, such as reporting zero new local cases and clearing all existing cases, could significantly boost the recovery of mall traffic. Furthermore, We find that the recovery follows different curves across different cities, and this heterogeneity can be explained by pandemic situations, city tiers and city characteristics such as population, GDP, industrial structure, etc. More specifically, faster recovery speeds are observed in cities with better pandemic situations, lower city tiers, smaller migrant population, lower proportion of tertiary industry, higher proportion of secondary industry and higher GDP per capita.
{"title":"Surviving COVID-19: Recovery Curves of Mall Traffic in China","authors":"Cheng He, Tong Wang, Xiaopeng Luo, Zhenzhi Luo, J. Guan, Haojun Gao, Keyan Zhu, lu feng, Yuehao Xu, Yuan Cheng, Y. Hu","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3613294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3613294","url":null,"abstract":"The outbreak of COVID-19 has caused huge disruptions to the world economy. As a number of countries make progress in containing this outbreak, some of them have started to reopen their economy. We study the curves of recovery after reopening the economy, using a unique real-time dataset of daily customer traffic of 463 malls from 88 cities in China. Our results demonstrate that 9 weeks after reopening the economy, mall traffic has recovered to 64.0% of its level before this outbreak. In addition, the progress of containing this outbreak, such as reporting zero new local cases and clearing all existing cases, could significantly boost the recovery of mall traffic. Furthermore, We find that the recovery follows different curves across different cities, and this heterogeneity can be explained by pandemic situations, city tiers and city characteristics such as population, GDP, industrial structure, etc. More specifically, faster recovery speeds are observed in cities with better pandemic situations, lower city tiers, smaller migrant population, lower proportion of tertiary industry, higher proportion of secondary industry and higher GDP per capita.","PeriodicalId":410291,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Analytical Models (Topic)","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122189667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present research attempts to develop a theoretical framework for the assessment of shopping mall customer experience dimensions. It further classifies the variables associated with retail experiences that may attract customers in Tier-II and Tier- III cities towards the malls. Exhaustive literature review and expert opinion approaches have been used to explore the evaluation criteria for the assessment of the mall experience. ISM is used to develop a structural model that represents relationships among variables at different levels along with driving and dependence relationships in the structural model. The result highlights that factors like customer value orientation, tenant mix, employees, facilities management are the most significant benchmarking criteria for customers’ assessment of their mall experience in the present study. To achieve profitable operations in these cities, retailer’s need to acquaint themselves with the expectations of customers in order to attract their attention. This indicates that it is imperative for mall managers to identify how consumers benchmark different parameters while evaluating a mall experience. Understanding the importance of such parameters will allow malls to be built according to some standard specifications that can meet a consumer’s threshold for appeal and attractiveness. The study adds to the existing literature of assessing shopping experience in Tier-II and Tier-III cities’ malls through a structural model. The most and the least dominant factors found in this study will help mall managers to develop strategies to enhance the customer shopping experience in malls.
{"title":"Assessment of Shopping Mall Customers’ Experience through Criteria of Attractiveness in Tier-II and Tier-III Cities of India: An Exploratory Study","authors":"A. Gupta, Vaibhav Mishra, Anushree Tandon","doi":"10.37625/abr.23.1.70-93","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37625/abr.23.1.70-93","url":null,"abstract":"The present research attempts to develop a theoretical framework for the assessment of shopping mall customer experience dimensions. It further classifies the variables associated with retail experiences that may attract customers in Tier-II and Tier- III cities towards the malls. Exhaustive literature review and expert opinion approaches have been used to explore the evaluation criteria for the assessment of the mall experience. ISM is used to develop a structural model that represents relationships among variables at different levels along with driving and dependence relationships in the structural model. The result highlights that factors like customer value orientation, tenant mix, employees, facilities management are the most significant benchmarking criteria for customers’ assessment of their mall experience in the present study. To achieve profitable operations in these cities, retailer’s need to acquaint themselves with the expectations of customers in order to attract their attention. This indicates that it is imperative for mall managers to identify how consumers benchmark different parameters while evaluating a mall experience. Understanding the importance of such parameters will allow malls to be built according to some standard specifications that can meet a consumer’s threshold for appeal and attractiveness. The study adds to the existing literature of assessing shopping experience in Tier-II and Tier-III cities’ malls through a structural model. The most and the least dominant factors found in this study will help mall managers to develop strategies to enhance the customer shopping experience in malls.","PeriodicalId":410291,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Analytical Models (Topic)","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123375598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper examined the spatial distribution and accessibility levels of the public secondary schools in Gombe metropolis, Gombe State. Primary and secondary data were used in the study. Primary data was collected using a questionnaire and a hand-held GPS receiver was employed to capture the coordinate the coordinates of the public secondary schools and other relevant data. Secondary data included an administrative map, population figures of students and teachers, names and addresses of public secondary schools in the study area. The data obtained were analyzed using Geographic Information Techniques. From a survey carried out in the study area a Total of seventeen public secondary schools with nineteen thousand and eleven students were identified. Nearest Neighbour Analysis was carried out based on each of the ten words of the study area. The pattern of distribution of public secondary schools in the study area revealed dispersed pattern as in the of Bolari Eastward with NNA of 3.385087, and Shamaki ward with NNA of 1.60014; while the clustered pattern occurred, for instance, in Pantami ward with NNA of 0.226863 and HerwaGana ward with NNA of 0.185239. It is recommended that the sitting of public secondary schools by the Government in the study area should include accessibility factors in relation to the population size of the wards.
{"title":"Geospatial Distribution of Public Secondary Schools in Gombe Local Government Area, Gombe State","authors":"Y. C. Makadi","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3576076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3576076","url":null,"abstract":"The paper examined the spatial distribution and accessibility levels of the public secondary schools in Gombe metropolis, Gombe State. Primary and secondary data were used in the study. Primary data was collected using a questionnaire and a hand-held GPS receiver was employed to capture the coordinate the coordinates of the public secondary schools and other relevant data. Secondary data included an administrative map, population figures of students and teachers, names and addresses of public secondary schools in the study area. The data obtained were analyzed using Geographic Information Techniques. From a survey carried out in the study area a Total of seventeen public secondary schools with nineteen thousand and eleven students were identified. Nearest Neighbour Analysis was carried out based on each of the ten words of the study area. The pattern of distribution of public secondary schools in the study area revealed dispersed pattern as in the of Bolari Eastward with NNA of 3.385087, and Shamaki ward with NNA of 1.60014; while the clustered pattern occurred, for instance, in Pantami ward with NNA of 0.226863 and HerwaGana ward with NNA of 0.185239. It is recommended that the sitting of public secondary schools by the Government in the study area should include accessibility factors in relation to the population size of the wards.","PeriodicalId":410291,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Analytical Models (Topic)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130085126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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