Pub Date : 2014-05-13DOI: 10.1109/ENERGYCON.2014.6850625
F. Pranjić, Z. Praunseis, P. Virtič
This article describes a comparison of city buses with different powered drives (diesel and electric). The comparison is made on the case of the Municipality of Velenje which has a free public transport. Depending on current prices of energy sources the efficiencies of drives are compared, the purchase price of new vehicles and the cost of operating leasing of buses.
{"title":"Comparison of the efficiency of drives with different energy sources for small city buses","authors":"F. Pranjić, Z. Praunseis, P. Virtič","doi":"10.1109/ENERGYCON.2014.6850625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ENERGYCON.2014.6850625","url":null,"abstract":"This article describes a comparison of city buses with different powered drives (diesel and electric). The comparison is made on the case of the Municipality of Velenje which has a free public transport. Depending on current prices of energy sources the efficiencies of drives are compared, the purchase price of new vehicles and the cost of operating leasing of buses.","PeriodicalId":410611,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Energy Conference (ENERGYCON)","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133103472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-13DOI: 10.1109/ENERGYCON.2014.6850526
J. Madsen, Thomas le Fevre Kristensen, R. Olsen, H. Schwefel, L. Totu
A smart grid is a complex system consisting of a wide range of electric grid components, entities controlling power distribution, generation and consumption, and a communication network supporting data exchange. This paper focuses on the influence of imperfect network conditions on smart grid controllers, and how this can be counteracted by utilizing Quality of Service (QoS) information from the communication network. Such an interface between grid controller and network QoS is particularly relevant for smart grid scenarios that use third party communication network infrastructure, where modification of networking and lower layer protocols are impossible. This paper defines a middleware solution for adaptation of smart grid control, which uses network QoS information and interacts with the smart grid controller to increase dependability. In order to verify the methodology, an example scenario of a low voltage grid controller is simulated under imperfect network conditions.
{"title":"Utilizing network QoS for dependability of adaptive smart grid control","authors":"J. Madsen, Thomas le Fevre Kristensen, R. Olsen, H. Schwefel, L. Totu","doi":"10.1109/ENERGYCON.2014.6850526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ENERGYCON.2014.6850526","url":null,"abstract":"A smart grid is a complex system consisting of a wide range of electric grid components, entities controlling power distribution, generation and consumption, and a communication network supporting data exchange. This paper focuses on the influence of imperfect network conditions on smart grid controllers, and how this can be counteracted by utilizing Quality of Service (QoS) information from the communication network. Such an interface between grid controller and network QoS is particularly relevant for smart grid scenarios that use third party communication network infrastructure, where modification of networking and lower layer protocols are impossible. This paper defines a middleware solution for adaptation of smart grid control, which uses network QoS information and interacts with the smart grid controller to increase dependability. In order to verify the methodology, an example scenario of a low voltage grid controller is simulated under imperfect network conditions.","PeriodicalId":410611,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Energy Conference (ENERGYCON)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125587848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-13DOI: 10.1109/ENERGYCON.2014.6850598
T. Sarikurt, Murat Ceylan, A. Balikci
Lithium-ion polymer batteries are getting popular in both renewable energy systems and electric vehicles thanks to their high power and energy density. Therefore, accurate battery models are vital in design and simulation of hybrid/electric vehicle propulsion systems. In this work a novel equivalent circuit-mathematical battery model whose parameters were extracted from experimental data is proposed. Also a method was proposed in order to estimate battery cycle number using ECE 15 driving cycle and to obtain state of health (SoH) of a battery using the cycle number is introduced. The results of both evaluation of the model and the method were compared with actual results obtained from a series of experiments carried out using an automotive-grade 11Ah Kokam SLBP lithium-ion polymer battery.
{"title":"A hybrid battery model and state of health estimation method for lithium-ion batteries","authors":"T. Sarikurt, Murat Ceylan, A. Balikci","doi":"10.1109/ENERGYCON.2014.6850598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ENERGYCON.2014.6850598","url":null,"abstract":"Lithium-ion polymer batteries are getting popular in both renewable energy systems and electric vehicles thanks to their high power and energy density. Therefore, accurate battery models are vital in design and simulation of hybrid/electric vehicle propulsion systems. In this work a novel equivalent circuit-mathematical battery model whose parameters were extracted from experimental data is proposed. Also a method was proposed in order to estimate battery cycle number using ECE 15 driving cycle and to obtain state of health (SoH) of a battery using the cycle number is introduced. The results of both evaluation of the model and the method were compared with actual results obtained from a series of experiments carried out using an automotive-grade 11Ah Kokam SLBP lithium-ion polymer battery.","PeriodicalId":410611,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Energy Conference (ENERGYCON)","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134373353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-13DOI: 10.1109/ENERGYCON.2014.6850411
P. Tourou, C. Sourkounis
Asymmetrical voltage conditions in the grid can have significant negative effects on the performance of wind energy conversion systems (WECS) equipped with doubly-fed induction generators (DFIG). Transient peaks as well as steady-state second-order and higher frequency harmonics are introduced in the active and reactive output powers, in the DC-link voltage and in the toque produced by the WECS. These effects can decrease the lifetime of the system and in extreme cases they can lead to violation of the grid code requirements as the system will not be able to ride-through the fault. Protective measures must be taken so that the WECS remains connected to the grid and fulfills the low voltage ride-through requirements, without putting the reliability of the system at risk. In this paper the dynamic behavior of the DFIG-based WECS in the case asymmetrical voltage dips is analyzed. A control strategy is presented, which minimizes the negative effects of voltage dips on the WECS and enables it to `ride-through' the fault safely. With this strategy the wind energy conversion system can support the voltage recovery during and after the fault and it can fulfill the demanding grid code requirements.
{"title":"Investigation of fault ride-through behavior of DFIG-based wind energy conversion systems","authors":"P. Tourou, C. Sourkounis","doi":"10.1109/ENERGYCON.2014.6850411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ENERGYCON.2014.6850411","url":null,"abstract":"Asymmetrical voltage conditions in the grid can have significant negative effects on the performance of wind energy conversion systems (WECS) equipped with doubly-fed induction generators (DFIG). Transient peaks as well as steady-state second-order and higher frequency harmonics are introduced in the active and reactive output powers, in the DC-link voltage and in the toque produced by the WECS. These effects can decrease the lifetime of the system and in extreme cases they can lead to violation of the grid code requirements as the system will not be able to ride-through the fault. Protective measures must be taken so that the WECS remains connected to the grid and fulfills the low voltage ride-through requirements, without putting the reliability of the system at risk. In this paper the dynamic behavior of the DFIG-based WECS in the case asymmetrical voltage dips is analyzed. A control strategy is presented, which minimizes the negative effects of voltage dips on the WECS and enables it to `ride-through' the fault safely. With this strategy the wind energy conversion system can support the voltage recovery during and after the fault and it can fulfill the demanding grid code requirements.","PeriodicalId":410611,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Energy Conference (ENERGYCON)","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134405832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-13DOI: 10.1109/ENERGYCON.2014.6850520
M. Benatia, A. Louis, D. Baudry, B. Mazari, A. El Hami
Recently, wireless sensor networks are more and more used in smart building applications, due to their capability to collect data on all phenomena that happens in the building. The most important problem related to this kind of networks, is the limited lifetime of nodes, caused by their finite embedded source of energy (batteries). In order to reduce the impact of this problem, proper node model must be defined. In this work, we propose a behavior modeling of a sensor node. We evaluate the performance of our model and show the impact of the number of nodes and their placement on the maintenance cost of network. Presented results can provide guidelines for real sensor network deployment.
{"title":"WSN's modeling for a smart building application","authors":"M. Benatia, A. Louis, D. Baudry, B. Mazari, A. El Hami","doi":"10.1109/ENERGYCON.2014.6850520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ENERGYCON.2014.6850520","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, wireless sensor networks are more and more used in smart building applications, due to their capability to collect data on all phenomena that happens in the building. The most important problem related to this kind of networks, is the limited lifetime of nodes, caused by their finite embedded source of energy (batteries). In order to reduce the impact of this problem, proper node model must be defined. In this work, we propose a behavior modeling of a sensor node. We evaluate the performance of our model and show the impact of the number of nodes and their placement on the maintenance cost of network. Presented results can provide guidelines for real sensor network deployment.","PeriodicalId":410611,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Energy Conference (ENERGYCON)","volume":"111 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132352845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-13DOI: 10.1109/ENERGYCON.2014.6850522
H. Cha, Jin-Young Choi, Dongjun Won
The demand response (DR) is a key technology in smart grid and can solve the transmission line congestion, defer generation plants construction, and increase the system stability. This paper proposes the operation scheme of an industrial load, which participates in DR, considering the electricity price and the labor costs. The proposed scheduling scheme economically shifts the operation time of the industrial load from the emergency DR (EDR) time to the off-peak time. The proposed algorithm is tested in a hardware in the loop Simulation (HILS) system with OPAL-RT. The HILS system was composed of agents to manage the distributed generation(DG), energy storage system (ESS), smart load, and MicroGrid Central Controller (MGCC) to control and monitor the whole system. The simulation results by MATLAB show that the proposed algorithm effectively manages the smart load in Real-time pricing and EDR and a communication test is performed in the HILS system.
{"title":"Smart load management in demand response using microgrid EMS","authors":"H. Cha, Jin-Young Choi, Dongjun Won","doi":"10.1109/ENERGYCON.2014.6850522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ENERGYCON.2014.6850522","url":null,"abstract":"The demand response (DR) is a key technology in smart grid and can solve the transmission line congestion, defer generation plants construction, and increase the system stability. This paper proposes the operation scheme of an industrial load, which participates in DR, considering the electricity price and the labor costs. The proposed scheduling scheme economically shifts the operation time of the industrial load from the emergency DR (EDR) time to the off-peak time. The proposed algorithm is tested in a hardware in the loop Simulation (HILS) system with OPAL-RT. The HILS system was composed of agents to manage the distributed generation(DG), energy storage system (ESS), smart load, and MicroGrid Central Controller (MGCC) to control and monitor the whole system. The simulation results by MATLAB show that the proposed algorithm effectively manages the smart load in Real-time pricing and EDR and a communication test is performed in the HILS system.","PeriodicalId":410611,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Energy Conference (ENERGYCON)","volume":"121 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132314003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-13DOI: 10.1109/ENERGYCON.2014.6850618
K. Ostman, M. Hesamzadeh
With renewable energy production increasing around the world, there is a growing need for interconnection to balance intermittent supply. This cross-border trade of electricity requires navigating in multiple regulatory regimes and market designs, not least when it comes to transmission pricing. By considering the Nordic countries as a case study, this paper investigates the impact of different transmission pricing regimes on investment decisions for renewable energy production. A generation expansion problem for wind power is simulated with the current transmission prices in Sweden, Finland, Norway, and Denmark applied, along with a baseline case with no transmission pricing differences, to achieve a quantitative comparison. The importance of coherent transmission pricing is demonstrated through the large discrepancy in wind power investments resulting from the two cases studied.
{"title":"Transmission pricing in interconnected systems - A case study of the Nordic countries","authors":"K. Ostman, M. Hesamzadeh","doi":"10.1109/ENERGYCON.2014.6850618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ENERGYCON.2014.6850618","url":null,"abstract":"With renewable energy production increasing around the world, there is a growing need for interconnection to balance intermittent supply. This cross-border trade of electricity requires navigating in multiple regulatory regimes and market designs, not least when it comes to transmission pricing. By considering the Nordic countries as a case study, this paper investigates the impact of different transmission pricing regimes on investment decisions for renewable energy production. A generation expansion problem for wind power is simulated with the current transmission prices in Sweden, Finland, Norway, and Denmark applied, along with a baseline case with no transmission pricing differences, to achieve a quantitative comparison. The importance of coherent transmission pricing is demonstrated through the large discrepancy in wind power investments resulting from the two cases studied.","PeriodicalId":410611,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Energy Conference (ENERGYCON)","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115929607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-13DOI: 10.1109/ENERGYCON.2014.6850602
C. Sourkounis, J. Wenske, F. Turki
The importance of electric and hybrid vehicles as a serious alternative to conventional-driven vehicles especially in urban areas increases. But the low capacity of the battery minimizes the use for the long distance. A quick charging time realized by a high power level of 50 kW (compared with a standard charging station) enables a higher range per day. Therefore the development of an infrastructure for high power charging at places with plublic access like motorway service stations is essential for a wide utilization of electric vehicles. This paper deals with different concepts to integrate quick charging stations in areas with weak power grid infrastructure.
{"title":"Multi-functional high power charging stations in weak grids","authors":"C. Sourkounis, J. Wenske, F. Turki","doi":"10.1109/ENERGYCON.2014.6850602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ENERGYCON.2014.6850602","url":null,"abstract":"The importance of electric and hybrid vehicles as a serious alternative to conventional-driven vehicles especially in urban areas increases. But the low capacity of the battery minimizes the use for the long distance. A quick charging time realized by a high power level of 50 kW (compared with a standard charging station) enables a higher range per day. Therefore the development of an infrastructure for high power charging at places with plublic access like motorway service stations is essential for a wide utilization of electric vehicles. This paper deals with different concepts to integrate quick charging stations in areas with weak power grid infrastructure.","PeriodicalId":410611,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Energy Conference (ENERGYCON)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114743768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-13DOI: 10.1109/ENERGYCON.2014.6850436
I. Žiger, Boris Bojanić, D. Krajtner
The Power Voltage Transformer, which is a single-phase unit used for direct conversion of power from high to low voltage, is becoming more and more relevant for substation application. This is why this paper aims to present the properties and advantages of the open-core design concept, which has been functioning very well for a number of years in inductive voltage and combined instrument transformers, enhancing the transformer reliability and operational safety. Furthermore, the intention is to list the known possible application options of these transformers and finally to succinctly point out the guidelines for future development, which would benefit both the manufacturer and the user.
{"title":"Open-core Power Voltage Transformer: Concept, properties, application","authors":"I. Žiger, Boris Bojanić, D. Krajtner","doi":"10.1109/ENERGYCON.2014.6850436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ENERGYCON.2014.6850436","url":null,"abstract":"The Power Voltage Transformer, which is a single-phase unit used for direct conversion of power from high to low voltage, is becoming more and more relevant for substation application. This is why this paper aims to present the properties and advantages of the open-core design concept, which has been functioning very well for a number of years in inductive voltage and combined instrument transformers, enhancing the transformer reliability and operational safety. Furthermore, the intention is to list the known possible application options of these transformers and finally to succinctly point out the guidelines for future development, which would benefit both the manufacturer and the user.","PeriodicalId":410611,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Energy Conference (ENERGYCON)","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123683012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-13DOI: 10.1109/ENERGYCON.2014.6850466
I. Munteanu, G. Besançon
This paper deals with off-shore wind park model identification for output power prediction purpose. The investigated solution is based upon identifying the so-called wind deficiency factor for each turbine and for each wind direction sector. This is done by employing the effective wind speed concept that can establish a link between output power of a wind turbine and the meteorological mast measures. Numerical simulations show the feasibility of the proposed approach.
{"title":"Prediction of wind park output power based on turbine effective wind speed - a model identification approach","authors":"I. Munteanu, G. Besançon","doi":"10.1109/ENERGYCON.2014.6850466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ENERGYCON.2014.6850466","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with off-shore wind park model identification for output power prediction purpose. The investigated solution is based upon identifying the so-called wind deficiency factor for each turbine and for each wind direction sector. This is done by employing the effective wind speed concept that can establish a link between output power of a wind turbine and the meteorological mast measures. Numerical simulations show the feasibility of the proposed approach.","PeriodicalId":410611,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Energy Conference (ENERGYCON)","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121352675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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