Pub Date : 2014-05-13DOI: 10.1109/ENERGYCON.2014.6850592
Chendan Li, T. Dragičević, N. Díaz, J. Vasquez, J. Guerrero
Due to higher power quality, lower conversion loss, and more DC loads, there has been an increasing awareness on DC microgrid. Previous emphasis has been on equal power sharing among different units in the DC microgrid, while overlooking the coordination of the energy storage units to maintain the State-of-Charge balance. In this paper, a new droop method based on voltage scheduling for State-of-Charge balance is proposed to keep the SoC balance for the energy storage units. The proposed method has the advantage of avoiding the stability problem existed in traditional methods based on droop gain scheduling. Simulation experiment is taken in Matlab on a DC microgrid with two distributed energy storage units. The simulation results show that the proposed method has successfully achieved SoC balance during the load changes while maintaining the DC bus voltage within the allowable range.
{"title":"Voltage scheduling droop control for State-of-Charge balance of distributed energy storage in DC microgrids","authors":"Chendan Li, T. Dragičević, N. Díaz, J. Vasquez, J. Guerrero","doi":"10.1109/ENERGYCON.2014.6850592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ENERGYCON.2014.6850592","url":null,"abstract":"Due to higher power quality, lower conversion loss, and more DC loads, there has been an increasing awareness on DC microgrid. Previous emphasis has been on equal power sharing among different units in the DC microgrid, while overlooking the coordination of the energy storage units to maintain the State-of-Charge balance. In this paper, a new droop method based on voltage scheduling for State-of-Charge balance is proposed to keep the SoC balance for the energy storage units. The proposed method has the advantage of avoiding the stability problem existed in traditional methods based on droop gain scheduling. Simulation experiment is taken in Matlab on a DC microgrid with two distributed energy storage units. The simulation results show that the proposed method has successfully achieved SoC balance during the load changes while maintaining the DC bus voltage within the allowable range.","PeriodicalId":410611,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Energy Conference (ENERGYCON)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130879120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-13DOI: 10.1109/ENERGYCON.2014.6850470
M. Zugno, J. Morales, H. Madsen
The heat and power outputs of Combined Heat and Power (CHP) units are jointly constrained. Hence, the optimal management of systems including CHP units is a multi-commodity optimization problem. Problems of this type are stochastic, owing to the uncertainty inherent both in the demand for heat and in the electricity prices that owners of CHP units receive for the power they sell in the market. In this work, we model the management problem for a coupled heat-and-power system comprising CHP plants, units solely producing heat as well as heat storages. We propose a robust optimization model including unit commitment, day-ahead power and heat dispatch as well as real-time re-dispatch (recourse) variables. This model yields a solution that is feasible under any realization of the heat demand within a given uncertainty set. Optimal recourse functions for the real-time operation of the units are approximated via linear decision rules to guarantee both tractability and a correct representation of the dynamic aspects of the problem. Numerical results from an illustrative example confirm the value of the proposed approach.
{"title":"Robust management of Combined Heat and Power systems via linear decision rules","authors":"M. Zugno, J. Morales, H. Madsen","doi":"10.1109/ENERGYCON.2014.6850470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ENERGYCON.2014.6850470","url":null,"abstract":"The heat and power outputs of Combined Heat and Power (CHP) units are jointly constrained. Hence, the optimal management of systems including CHP units is a multi-commodity optimization problem. Problems of this type are stochastic, owing to the uncertainty inherent both in the demand for heat and in the electricity prices that owners of CHP units receive for the power they sell in the market. In this work, we model the management problem for a coupled heat-and-power system comprising CHP plants, units solely producing heat as well as heat storages. We propose a robust optimization model including unit commitment, day-ahead power and heat dispatch as well as real-time re-dispatch (recourse) variables. This model yields a solution that is feasible under any realization of the heat demand within a given uncertainty set. Optimal recourse functions for the real-time operation of the units are approximated via linear decision rules to guarantee both tractability and a correct representation of the dynamic aspects of the problem. Numerical results from an illustrative example confirm the value of the proposed approach.","PeriodicalId":410611,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Energy Conference (ENERGYCON)","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131160747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-13DOI: 10.1109/ENERGYCON.2014.6850599
M. Musio, A. Damiano
This paper proposes a simple and generalized battery model dedicated to lithium rechargeable batteries of electric vehicles, oriented to the energy management of off-board charging stations. In particular, the mathematical description of the used algorithm, the identification of model parameters and the validation of its use for time emulation of fast charging processes are reported and discussed in detail. The comparison between the emulated charging battery behaviours of a Lithium Iron Phosphate battery and the experimental results is reported in order to confirm the accuracy of the model. Finally, an application control scheme for the coordination and energy management of off-board charging stations within the smart grid paradigm is described.
{"title":"A simplified charging battery model for smart electric vehicles applications","authors":"M. Musio, A. Damiano","doi":"10.1109/ENERGYCON.2014.6850599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ENERGYCON.2014.6850599","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a simple and generalized battery model dedicated to lithium rechargeable batteries of electric vehicles, oriented to the energy management of off-board charging stations. In particular, the mathematical description of the used algorithm, the identification of model parameters and the validation of its use for time emulation of fast charging processes are reported and discussed in detail. The comparison between the emulated charging battery behaviours of a Lithium Iron Phosphate battery and the experimental results is reported in order to confirm the accuracy of the model. Finally, an application control scheme for the coordination and energy management of off-board charging stations within the smart grid paradigm is described.","PeriodicalId":410611,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Energy Conference (ENERGYCON)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133474886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-13DOI: 10.1109/ENERGYCON.2014.6850449
L. Pinto, J. Szczupak, Luís Nogueira
This paper proposes a model and methodology to mitigate some important risks associated to renewable energy: the climatological uncertainties and system failures. The basic idea is to combine the complementarities of the availabilities of the different sources in order to ensure a more stable, reliable output. Additional risk management constraints, generation/transmission reliability, are also included. A realistic application to the Brazilian long-term expansion planning highlights its advantages and suggests future extensions.
{"title":"An optimal, less vulnerable renewable portfolio","authors":"L. Pinto, J. Szczupak, Luís Nogueira","doi":"10.1109/ENERGYCON.2014.6850449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ENERGYCON.2014.6850449","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a model and methodology to mitigate some important risks associated to renewable energy: the climatological uncertainties and system failures. The basic idea is to combine the complementarities of the availabilities of the different sources in order to ensure a more stable, reliable output. Additional risk management constraints, generation/transmission reliability, are also included. A realistic application to the Brazilian long-term expansion planning highlights its advantages and suggests future extensions.","PeriodicalId":410611,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Energy Conference (ENERGYCON)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133544826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-13DOI: 10.1109/ENERGYCON.2014.6850465
M. R. Tavakoli, Vahid Rasouli, Hamid Reza Nasajpour, Majid Shaarbafchizadeh
The shunt flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) devices, such as STATCOM, are being used in transmission networks to enhance damping of a power system. However, uncoordinated design of these devices with power system stabilizers (PSSs) may deteriorate the power system performance. Furthermore, the characteristics of the power system elements are non-linear, and the controllers that are designed based on linear control theories may not be capable of providing the desirable performance, specifically when there are large disturbances acting on the system. This paper presents a new technique named cultural algorithm (CA) to design the controllers of STATCOM and PSS coordinately. This technique is simple, computationally efficient and can guarantee that the overall system performance is desirable. Simulations are carried out on both single-machine infinite-bus and multi-machine electric power systems. Comparing the results of the proposed control strategy with other intelligent methods, BFA and GA clearly verifies that the proposed method can provide a better performance.
{"title":"A new simultaneous coordinated design of STATCOM controller and power system stabilizer for power systems using cultural algorithm","authors":"M. R. Tavakoli, Vahid Rasouli, Hamid Reza Nasajpour, Majid Shaarbafchizadeh","doi":"10.1109/ENERGYCON.2014.6850465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ENERGYCON.2014.6850465","url":null,"abstract":"The shunt flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) devices, such as STATCOM, are being used in transmission networks to enhance damping of a power system. However, uncoordinated design of these devices with power system stabilizers (PSSs) may deteriorate the power system performance. Furthermore, the characteristics of the power system elements are non-linear, and the controllers that are designed based on linear control theories may not be capable of providing the desirable performance, specifically when there are large disturbances acting on the system. This paper presents a new technique named cultural algorithm (CA) to design the controllers of STATCOM and PSS coordinately. This technique is simple, computationally efficient and can guarantee that the overall system performance is desirable. Simulations are carried out on both single-machine infinite-bus and multi-machine electric power systems. Comparing the results of the proposed control strategy with other intelligent methods, BFA and GA clearly verifies that the proposed method can provide a better performance.","PeriodicalId":410611,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Energy Conference (ENERGYCON)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133338366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-13DOI: 10.1109/ENERGYCON.2014.6850509
Anders Dalen, Christof Weinhardt
This study evaluates how the disaggregation of appliances from a central location is impacted by the sample-rate used to measure a household's energy use. The sample-rate parameter is the deciding factor for choosing hardware requirements necessary for designing an appliance-level information system that can scale to general households. However, the impact of sample-rate on appliance disaggregation accuracy has so far not been evaluated.
{"title":"Evaluating the impact of data sample-rate on appliance disaggregation","authors":"Anders Dalen, Christof Weinhardt","doi":"10.1109/ENERGYCON.2014.6850509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ENERGYCON.2014.6850509","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluates how the disaggregation of appliances from a central location is impacted by the sample-rate used to measure a household's energy use. The sample-rate parameter is the deciding factor for choosing hardware requirements necessary for designing an appliance-level information system that can scale to general households. However, the impact of sample-rate on appliance disaggregation accuracy has so far not been evaluated.","PeriodicalId":410611,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Energy Conference (ENERGYCON)","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133683105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-13DOI: 10.1109/ENERGYCON.2014.6850410
Hyunsik Jo, B. Han, H. Cha
In this paper, battery test system with AC regeneration capability is proposed. The proposed 5kW battery test system consists of 32 channels of battery module, two three-phase bi-directional isolated interleaved dc-dc converters and three-phase inverter. In discharge mode, energy from batteries is delivered to grid and energy is delivered to battery from grid in charge mode. Grid currents are sinusoidally controlled with low THD and unity power factor, and average current sharing control is implemented for balanced parallel operation in three-phase dc-dc converters. By using this method, unbalance factor is maintained within 1%. Two 5kW battery test system are built and the proposed several control methods are verified through experiments.
{"title":"Grid-connected Battery Test System with AC regenerating capability","authors":"Hyunsik Jo, B. Han, H. Cha","doi":"10.1109/ENERGYCON.2014.6850410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ENERGYCON.2014.6850410","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, battery test system with AC regeneration capability is proposed. The proposed 5kW battery test system consists of 32 channels of battery module, two three-phase bi-directional isolated interleaved dc-dc converters and three-phase inverter. In discharge mode, energy from batteries is delivered to grid and energy is delivered to battery from grid in charge mode. Grid currents are sinusoidally controlled with low THD and unity power factor, and average current sharing control is implemented for balanced parallel operation in three-phase dc-dc converters. By using this method, unbalance factor is maintained within 1%. Two 5kW battery test system are built and the proposed several control methods are verified through experiments.","PeriodicalId":410611,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Energy Conference (ENERGYCON)","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132161059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-13DOI: 10.1109/ENERGYCON.2014.6850588
Q. Shafiee, T. Dragičević, J. Vasquez, J. Guerrero
DC microgrids (MGs), as an alternative option, have attracted increasing interest in recent years due to many potential advantages as compare to the ac system. Stability of these systems can be an important issue under high penetration of load converters which behaves as constant power loads (CPLs), and more especially during interconnection with other MGs, creating dc MG clusters. This paper develops a small signal model for dc MGs from the control point of view, in order to study stability analysis and investigate effects of CPLs and line impedances between the MGs on stability of these systems. This model can be also used to synthesis and study dynamics of control loops in dc MGs and also dc MG clusters. An active stabilization method is proposed to be implemented as a dc active power filter (APF) inside the MGs in order to not only increase damping of dc MGs at the presence of CPLs but also to improve their stability while connecting to the other MGs. Simulation results are provided to evaluate the developed models and demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed active stabilization technique.
{"title":"Modeling, stability analysis and active stabilization of multiple DC-microgrid clusters","authors":"Q. Shafiee, T. Dragičević, J. Vasquez, J. Guerrero","doi":"10.1109/ENERGYCON.2014.6850588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ENERGYCON.2014.6850588","url":null,"abstract":"DC microgrids (MGs), as an alternative option, have attracted increasing interest in recent years due to many potential advantages as compare to the ac system. Stability of these systems can be an important issue under high penetration of load converters which behaves as constant power loads (CPLs), and more especially during interconnection with other MGs, creating dc MG clusters. This paper develops a small signal model for dc MGs from the control point of view, in order to study stability analysis and investigate effects of CPLs and line impedances between the MGs on stability of these systems. This model can be also used to synthesis and study dynamics of control loops in dc MGs and also dc MG clusters. An active stabilization method is proposed to be implemented as a dc active power filter (APF) inside the MGs in order to not only increase damping of dc MGs at the presence of CPLs but also to improve their stability while connecting to the other MGs. Simulation results are provided to evaluate the developed models and demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed active stabilization technique.","PeriodicalId":410611,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Energy Conference (ENERGYCON)","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133166956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-13DOI: 10.1109/ENERGYCON.2014.6850471
Ilias Dimoulkas, M. Amelin
The operation of Combined Heat and Power (CHP) systems in liberalized electricity markets depends both on uncertain electricity prices and uncertain heat demand. In the future, uncertainty is going to increase due to the increased intermittent power induced by renewable energy sources. Therefore, the need for improved planning and bidding tools is highly important for CHP producers. This paper applies an optimal bidding model under the uncertainties of day-ahead market prices and the heat demand. The problem is formulated in a stochastic programming framework where future scenarios of the random variables are considered in order to handle the uncertainties. A case study is performed and conclusions are derived about the CHP operation and the need for heat storage.
{"title":"Constructing bidding curves for a CHP producer in day-ahead electricity markets","authors":"Ilias Dimoulkas, M. Amelin","doi":"10.1109/ENERGYCON.2014.6850471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ENERGYCON.2014.6850471","url":null,"abstract":"The operation of Combined Heat and Power (CHP) systems in liberalized electricity markets depends both on uncertain electricity prices and uncertain heat demand. In the future, uncertainty is going to increase due to the increased intermittent power induced by renewable energy sources. Therefore, the need for improved planning and bidding tools is highly important for CHP producers. This paper applies an optimal bidding model under the uncertainties of day-ahead market prices and the heat demand. The problem is formulated in a stochastic programming framework where future scenarios of the random variables are considered in order to handle the uncertainties. A case study is performed and conclusions are derived about the CHP operation and the need for heat storage.","PeriodicalId":410611,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Energy Conference (ENERGYCON)","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131297447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-13DOI: 10.1109/ENERGYCON.2014.6850495
R. Rubesa, V. Kirincic, S. Skok
In the paper the proposed algorithm for estimation of transmission line parameters is tested and evaluated. The proposed algorithm uses the weighted least square method with multiple scans of measurements derived from Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs). The network topology and loading conditions in the transmission network change continuously, which can influence the estimation of transmission line parameters with synchrophasor measurements. The case studies in the paper assess the influence of usage of multiple scans of synchrophasor measurements during sudden change of loading and network topology conditions. In the paper the presented algorithm is tested using simulated PMU measurements with and without introduced random errors. High number of measurement scans improves the transmission parameter estimation results but at the same time the calculation time of the algorithm increases. To obtain the optimal results, a compromise between the number of measurement scans and calculation time is needed.
{"title":"Transmission line positive sequence impedance estimation based on multiple scans of Phasor Measurements","authors":"R. Rubesa, V. Kirincic, S. Skok","doi":"10.1109/ENERGYCON.2014.6850495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ENERGYCON.2014.6850495","url":null,"abstract":"In the paper the proposed algorithm for estimation of transmission line parameters is tested and evaluated. The proposed algorithm uses the weighted least square method with multiple scans of measurements derived from Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs). The network topology and loading conditions in the transmission network change continuously, which can influence the estimation of transmission line parameters with synchrophasor measurements. The case studies in the paper assess the influence of usage of multiple scans of synchrophasor measurements during sudden change of loading and network topology conditions. In the paper the presented algorithm is tested using simulated PMU measurements with and without introduced random errors. High number of measurement scans improves the transmission parameter estimation results but at the same time the calculation time of the algorithm increases. To obtain the optimal results, a compromise between the number of measurement scans and calculation time is needed.","PeriodicalId":410611,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Energy Conference (ENERGYCON)","volume":"69 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115819716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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