Pub Date : 2010-07-20DOI: 10.4314/MARANG.V20I1.56820
S. Ellece
This paper explores the use of metaphors in the Patlo (the seeking of a woman’s hand in marriage) in traditional Setswana marriage ceremonies. Following up on Schapera’s (1940 and later) work on the culture of Bakgatla ba-ga- Kgafela in particular, this paper develops this idea (from a linguistics perspective) and examines the use of metaphor in Patlo ceremonies (marriage negotiation) in traditional Tswana weddings and how such metaphors construct gendered subject positions for the brides and grooms. The paper uses Critical Discourse Analysis, as an overarching framework, and specifically identifies gendered discourses and their linguistic manifestations in the ‘Patlo’ ceremonies. The data consists of three wedding ceremonies transcribed into a corpus of 10 thousand words. The paper argues that the ‘Patlo’ ceremony, through metaphor, proffers differential subject positions for brides and grooms, and constructs them as belonging to separate social spheres, and emphasizes female domesticity whereby new brides are constructed variously as nurturers, nurses, cooks and drawers of water. Keywords: metaphor, gender, marriage, Tswana
{"title":"Asking for a ‘Water Calabash’: Metaphor and Gender in ‘Patlo’ Marriage Ceremonies in Botswan","authors":"S. Ellece","doi":"10.4314/MARANG.V20I1.56820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/MARANG.V20I1.56820","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores the use of metaphors in the Patlo (the seeking of a woman’s hand in marriage) in traditional Setswana marriage ceremonies. Following up on Schapera’s (1940 and later) work on the culture of Bakgatla ba-ga- Kgafela in particular, this paper develops this idea (from a linguistics perspective) and examines the use of metaphor in Patlo ceremonies (marriage negotiation) in traditional Tswana weddings and how such metaphors construct gendered subject positions for the brides and grooms. The paper uses Critical Discourse Analysis, as an overarching framework, and specifically identifies gendered discourses and their linguistic manifestations in the ‘Patlo’ ceremonies. The data consists of three wedding ceremonies transcribed into a corpus of 10 thousand words. The paper argues that the ‘Patlo’ ceremony, through metaphor, proffers differential subject positions for brides and grooms, and constructs them as belonging to separate social spheres, and emphasizes female domesticity whereby new brides are constructed variously as nurturers, nurses, cooks and drawers of water. Keywords: metaphor, gender, marriage, Tswana","PeriodicalId":411071,"journal":{"name":"Marang: Journal of Language and Literature","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124735541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-07-20DOI: 10.4314/MARANG.V20I1.56824
A. Pongweni
From time immemorial, in Zimbabwe, as in other African cultures, music has occupied centre stage in articulating the artist’s perceptions of socio-political developments, usually from an unofficial platform and, therefore, speaking on behalf of the silent masses. The lyrics of such music are usually marked by irreverent epithets directed at the rulers. But its role has never been as prominent as during the period of the Second Chimurenga from the 1960s to the late 1970s, as well as in the post-independence era. While both political partysponsored singers in the war zones and home-based artists were then united by their common yearning for liberation from colonial rule, its actual achievement has ironically led to discoursal dissonance. There is disillusionment in the voices of unofficial artists arising from their perception of betrayal by the rulers, while state-aligned ones continue to see ‘method’ in government’s running of the country. The lyrics of both formations comment on the economy, HIV/AIDS, and governance, but from contrary standpoints. The critical question is, ‘Who has the right to speak on behalf of the marginalised vulgus?’ This question is answered through a textual analysis of songs transcribed and translated from CD’s recorded by various artists working in Zimbabwe. Keywords: HIV/AIDS, metaphor, poverty, economy, governance, land
{"title":"Ways of knowing, ways of understanding and ways of coping: HIV/AIDS, poverty and governance in Zimbabwean popular music","authors":"A. Pongweni","doi":"10.4314/MARANG.V20I1.56824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/MARANG.V20I1.56824","url":null,"abstract":"From time immemorial, in Zimbabwe, as in other African cultures, music has occupied centre stage in articulating the artist’s perceptions of socio-political developments, usually from an unofficial platform and, therefore, speaking on behalf of the silent masses. The lyrics of such music are usually marked by irreverent epithets directed at the rulers. But its role has never been as prominent as during the period of the Second Chimurenga from the 1960s to the late 1970s, as well as in the post-independence era. While both political partysponsored singers in the war zones and home-based artists were then united by their common yearning for liberation from colonial rule, its actual achievement has ironically led to discoursal dissonance. There is disillusionment in the voices of unofficial artists arising from their perception of betrayal by the rulers, while state-aligned ones continue to see ‘method’ in government’s running of the country. The lyrics of both formations comment on the economy, HIV/AIDS, and governance, but from contrary standpoints. The critical question is, ‘Who has the right to speak on behalf of the marginalised vulgus?’ This question is answered through a textual analysis of songs transcribed and translated from CD’s recorded by various artists working in Zimbabwe. Keywords: HIV/AIDS, metaphor, poverty, economy, governance, land","PeriodicalId":411071,"journal":{"name":"Marang: Journal of Language and Literature","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121680689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-07-20DOI: 10.4314/MARANG.V20I1.56827
Connie Rapoo
Returning and recurring cultural forms, ancestral incarnations, theatrical imaginations, and racial memories in African plays construct a specific kind of historicity - the conjuring of the dead and the revitalization of cosmic energy or spiritual power. These formations perpetuate the construction of Africa and African-ness through reinvocations of the principle of sacrifice. This article sets up a genealogy of ‘sacrifice’ and ‘figures of sacrifice’ that manifests in plays that represent and reinvent Africa. The main argument is that invocations of rites of sacrifice form a significant part of these theatrical imaginations of Africa. Four African plays, Death and the King’s Horseman (Soyinka, 1975), Woza Albert! (Mtwa, Ngema, & Simon, 1983), Sizwe Bansi is Dead (Fugard, Ntshona, & Kani, 1972), and The Strong Breed (Soyinka, 1973) stage ritualized acts of conjuring the dead and the retraditionalization of the principle of sacrifice as part of African acts of self-determination. The article uses the critical analytic tools of theatre and performance theory, with a focus on the processes of surrogation and conjuring. Keywords: ritual theatre, sacrifice, ancestral memory.
在非洲戏剧中，回归和反复出现的文化形式、祖先的化身、戏剧想象和种族记忆构建了一种特定的历史性——对死者的召唤和宇宙能量或精神力量的复兴。这些结构通过对牺牲原则的重新召唤，使非洲和非洲性的建设永久化。本文建立了一个“牺牲”和“牺牲人物”的谱系，这些人物在代表和重塑非洲的戏剧中表现出来。主要的论点是，献祭仪式的召唤构成了这些对非洲戏剧想象的重要部分。四部非洲戏剧:《死亡与国王的骑士》(索因卡，1975)、《沃扎·艾伯特!》(Mtwa, Ngema， & Simon, 1983)， Sizwe Bansi is Dead (Fugard, Ntshona， & Kani, 1972)和The Strong Breed(索因卡，1973)将召唤死者的仪式化行为和牺牲原则的再传统化作为非洲自决行为的一部分。本文运用戏剧和表演理论的批判性分析工具，重点研究了替代和变戏法的过程。关键词:仪式戏剧，祭祀，祖先记忆。
{"title":"Staging Sacrifice: Performing History, Memory, and Ancestral Culture in Four African Ritual Plays","authors":"Connie Rapoo","doi":"10.4314/MARANG.V20I1.56827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/MARANG.V20I1.56827","url":null,"abstract":"Returning and recurring cultural forms, ancestral incarnations, theatrical imaginations, and racial memories in African plays construct a specific kind of historicity - the conjuring of the dead and the revitalization of cosmic energy or spiritual power. These formations perpetuate the construction of Africa and African-ness through reinvocations of the principle of sacrifice. This article sets up a genealogy of ‘sacrifice’ and ‘figures of sacrifice’ that manifests in plays that represent and reinvent Africa. The main argument is that invocations of rites of sacrifice form a significant part of these theatrical imaginations of Africa. Four African plays, Death and the King’s Horseman (Soyinka, 1975), Woza Albert! (Mtwa, Ngema, & Simon, 1983), Sizwe Bansi is Dead (Fugard, Ntshona, & Kani, 1972), and The Strong Breed (Soyinka, 1973) stage ritualized acts of conjuring the dead and the retraditionalization of the principle of sacrifice as part of African acts of self-determination. The article uses the critical analytic tools of theatre and performance theory, with a focus on the processes of surrogation and conjuring. Keywords: ritual theatre, sacrifice, ancestral memory.","PeriodicalId":411071,"journal":{"name":"Marang: Journal of Language and Literature","volume":"200 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115950983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-07-20DOI: 10.4314/MARANG.V20I1.56816
P. Mhundwa
The aim of this study was to investigate the extent to which students’ understanding of key words in examination questions might influence their performance as illustrated by the number of subjects in which they obtain pass grades in the Cambridge Overseas School Certificate Examination (COSCE). The term used to refer to key words in this study is ‘metalinguistic’.It is a term that means more than what Kemp (2006, p.1) refers to as ‘grammatical metalinguistic awareness’. In the context of this study it refers to words or phrases that are used to describe language as an object of study. Procedurally, questions were designed to assess students’ understanding of metalinguistic terms. The percentage scores of the metalinguistic tests were calculated and then compared with the number of ‘O’ level passes obtained by students to determine whether high scores in the metalanguage tests were comparable to the number of ‘O’ level passes obtained by the research subjects. It was discovered that high metalinguistic test scores were associated with greater ‘O’ level passes and low scores, with fewer ‘O’ level passes. Keywords: metalinguistic awareness, linguistics metalanguage, metalinguistic incompetence, metalinguistic competence variable, idealization, metalinguistic score
{"title":"A study of students' metalinguistic competence and its probable effect in the Cambridge School Certificate Final Examinations","authors":"P. Mhundwa","doi":"10.4314/MARANG.V20I1.56816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/MARANG.V20I1.56816","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to investigate the extent to which students’ understanding of key words in examination questions might influence their performance as illustrated by the number of subjects in which they obtain pass grades in the Cambridge Overseas School Certificate Examination (COSCE). The term used to refer to key words in this study is ‘metalinguistic’.It is a term that means more than what Kemp (2006, p.1) refers to as ‘grammatical metalinguistic awareness’. In the context of this study it refers to words or phrases that are used to describe language as an object of study. Procedurally, questions were designed to assess students’ understanding of metalinguistic terms. The percentage scores of the metalinguistic tests were calculated and then compared with the number of ‘O’ level passes obtained by students to determine whether high scores in the metalanguage tests were comparable to the number of ‘O’ level passes obtained by the research subjects. It was discovered that high metalinguistic test scores were associated with greater ‘O’ level passes and low scores, with fewer ‘O’ level passes. Keywords: metalinguistic awareness, linguistics metalanguage, metalinguistic incompetence, metalinguistic competence variable, idealization, metalinguistic score","PeriodicalId":411071,"journal":{"name":"Marang: Journal of Language and Literature","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128806648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-07-20DOI: 10.4314/marang.v20i1.56830
F. Omoregie
The primary objective of this paper is to argue that university theatre can be made popular and contribute to social change in Botswana if proper processes and methodologies are employed. It is the aim of the paper therefore to see in what way it can best achieve this, employing the techniques of Paulo Freire Pedagogy of the Oppressed [PO] and Augusto Boal’s Theatre of the Oppressed [TO]. Part of the argument, therefore, is that the theatre practiced in the University of Botswana [UB], in spite of its academic demands, needs to seriously rethink the social function of being in touch with the community, an idea which was pioneered in Botswana by the now defunct Laedza Batanani project, which has roots in UB. This is not to say the theatre in UB has not been in touch with the community, but the rethink has to do with the process and methodology employed. Keywords: social change, university theatre, popular theatre, community theatre, theatre-for-development
{"title":"Towards a University Popular Theatre: The Case of University of Botswana","authors":"F. Omoregie","doi":"10.4314/marang.v20i1.56830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/marang.v20i1.56830","url":null,"abstract":"The primary objective of this paper is to argue that university theatre can be made popular and contribute to social change in Botswana if proper processes and methodologies are employed. It is the aim of the paper therefore to see in what way it can best achieve this, employing the techniques of Paulo Freire Pedagogy of the Oppressed [PO] and Augusto Boal’s Theatre of the Oppressed [TO]. Part of the argument, therefore, is that the theatre practiced in the University of Botswana [UB], in spite of its academic demands, needs to seriously rethink the social function of being in touch with the community, an idea which was pioneered in Botswana by the now defunct Laedza Batanani project, which has roots in UB. This is not to say the theatre in UB has not been in touch with the community, but the rethink has to do with the process and methodology employed. Keywords: social change, university theatre, popular theatre, community theatre, theatre-for-development","PeriodicalId":411071,"journal":{"name":"Marang: Journal of Language and Literature","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130717588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-07-20DOI: 10.4314/MARANG.V20I1.56825
Pinqing Wu
Starting from a postmodern, in particular a reader-response, perspective, this paper discusses the wide diversity of possible interpretations of the pond in Henry David Thoreau’s Walden. Thoreau presents Walden Pond in terms of objects that are discussable and thinkable, rather than as a mere body of water situated somewhere in Massachusetts, New England. Since then the pond has been defined and redefined in endless readings which associate it with diverse objects. Applying the American philosopher Charles Sanders Peirce’s semiotics to the reading of Walden Pond, leads to a discovery that the meanings of the pond can never be fixed or static, but will always be vicissitudinous. This insight underscores the point that any analysis of Walden that attempts to adopt a fixed focus is meaningless. Keywords: Walden, vicissitude, individualism, back-to-nature, reader response, interpretant
{"title":"The Vicissitudes of Walden","authors":"Pinqing Wu","doi":"10.4314/MARANG.V20I1.56825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/MARANG.V20I1.56825","url":null,"abstract":"Starting from a postmodern, in particular a reader-response, perspective, this paper discusses the wide diversity of possible interpretations of the pond in Henry David Thoreau’s Walden. Thoreau presents Walden Pond in terms of objects that are discussable and thinkable, rather than as a mere body of water situated somewhere in Massachusetts, New England. Since then the pond has been defined and redefined in endless readings which associate it with diverse objects. Applying the American philosopher Charles Sanders Peirce’s semiotics to the reading of Walden Pond, leads to a discovery that the meanings of the pond can never be fixed or static, but will always be vicissitudinous. This insight underscores the point that any analysis of Walden that attempts to adopt a fixed focus is meaningless. Keywords: Walden, vicissitude, individualism, back-to-nature, reader response, interpretant","PeriodicalId":411071,"journal":{"name":"Marang: Journal of Language and Literature","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127386613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-07-20DOI: 10.4314/MARANG.V20I1.56828
N. Maleki, N. Hooti
In spite of much research on Miller's The Death of a Salesman, no significant studies have been carried out on the aspect of ‘search for self’. This study re-justifies the need for a contingent model of the quest for identity, drawing ideas from the multiple manifestations of the threatening of self. It emphasizes the minimization of philosophical treatment and theorizing on self, on the grounds that the focus is on how Miller has dramatized the search for self among the different characters of the same family. The quest for self is expressed through a nostalgic yearning for the past, which has been lost due to various reasons. The process of search for self is spread over two generations, which enhances the effectiveness of Miller in depicting the struggle between the self of an individual and the public self the individual is compelled to put on as a mask. The dramatic strength of the play lies in the fact that it has interwoven the crisis of self in the life of the individuals and the broader changes taking place in the American society. Moreover, the study tries to display the intersection of psychological, social and emotional factors to which an individual self is subjected. Keywords: search, self, identity, literature, them-quest
{"title":"Search for Self in Arthur Miller's The Death of a Salesman","authors":"N. Maleki, N. Hooti","doi":"10.4314/MARANG.V20I1.56828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/MARANG.V20I1.56828","url":null,"abstract":"In spite of much research on Miller's The Death of a Salesman, no significant studies have been carried out on the aspect of ‘search for self’. This study re-justifies the need for a contingent model of the quest for identity, drawing ideas from the multiple manifestations of the threatening of self. It emphasizes the minimization of philosophical treatment and theorizing on self, on the grounds that the focus is on how Miller has dramatized the search for self among the different characters of the same family. The quest for self is expressed through a nostalgic yearning for the past, which has been lost due to various reasons. The process of search for self is spread over two generations, which enhances the effectiveness of Miller in depicting the struggle between the self of an individual and the public self the individual is compelled to put on as a mask. The dramatic strength of the play lies in the fact that it has interwoven the crisis of self in the life of the individuals and the broader changes taking place in the American society. Moreover, the study tries to display the intersection of psychological, social and emotional factors to which an individual self is subjected. Keywords: search, self, identity, literature, them-quest","PeriodicalId":411071,"journal":{"name":"Marang: Journal of Language and Literature","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122729681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-07-20DOI: 10.4314/MARANG.V20I1.56818
V. A. Alabi
This paper examines a looming warfare on effective writing by the GSM technology in Nigeria. In what seems like a ‘method in madness’, the paper identifies an emerging ‘written language of the GSM’ via the lexemes, morphemes, syntax, and mechanics of punctuation, capitalization and spacing and use of symbols in sampled messages written in English on the Short Message Service (SMS). Lurking in this language however, are many problems. Among these are its serious aftermath for correct spelling, arbitrary use of affixation, consequent difficulties with well-formed sentences as well as with mechanics. Most important, is the overall chaotic effect of this language on formal teaching and learning in English in an ESL (English as a Second Language) situation. The paper calls on writers using the English medium to strive to keep ‘the written language of the GSM’ out of good or formal writing so that it will not be one of its death knells. Keywords: Short Message Service (SMS), lexemes, morphemes, affixation, syntax, ESL
{"title":"Problems of an emergent written language of the global system for mobile communication (GSM) in Nigeria","authors":"V. A. Alabi","doi":"10.4314/MARANG.V20I1.56818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/MARANG.V20I1.56818","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines a looming warfare on effective writing by the GSM technology in Nigeria. In what seems like a ‘method in madness’, the paper identifies an emerging ‘written language of the GSM’ via the lexemes, morphemes, syntax, and mechanics of punctuation, capitalization and spacing and use of symbols in sampled messages written in English on the Short Message Service (SMS). Lurking in this language however, are many problems. Among these are its serious aftermath for correct spelling, arbitrary use of affixation, consequent difficulties with well-formed sentences as well as with mechanics. Most important, is the overall chaotic effect of this language on formal teaching and learning in English in an ESL (English as a Second Language) situation. The paper calls on writers using the English medium to strive to keep ‘the written language of the GSM’ out of good or formal writing so that it will not be one of its death knells. Keywords: Short Message Service (SMS), lexemes, morphemes, affixation, syntax, ESL","PeriodicalId":411071,"journal":{"name":"Marang: Journal of Language and Literature","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127861094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-07-20DOI: 10.4314/MARANG.V20I1.56823
E. Thekiso
This paper examines the theory of trials as narratives. It makes a comprehensive analysis of courtroom processes, which are classified into two types, being the administrative and the substantive processes. The substantive processes are the examinations, the submissions (or Summation in the U.S .A.), and the judgments. The one administrative process that lends itself to narrative analysis is the Readings of Facts in the Botswana courtroom. The narratives of the evidentiary processes and judicial processes are well subscribed in the literature, but this paper introduces the narratives of Submissions (Summations) and the Readings of Facts. Bennet and Fieldman’s(1981) theory is used to provide an understanding of the trial as storytelling; and O’Barr (1981 and 1982), Harris (2001), Gibbons (2003) and Labov (1972) as theoretical framework for the analysis of evidentiary narratives; and Kress’s (1993) algorithm theory of narratives is used to analyse Readings of Facts Narratives. The models are utilized for their effectiveness in describing each genre of the trial. The aim is to analyse the ways in which the law achieves its function. Keywords: narrative, judgment, courtroom examination, submissions in courtrooms, polemics and critical pluralism
{"title":"Courtroom Narratives: Judgement, Evidence and Submissions in a Botswana Courtroom","authors":"E. Thekiso","doi":"10.4314/MARANG.V20I1.56823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/MARANG.V20I1.56823","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the theory of trials as narratives. It makes a comprehensive analysis of courtroom processes, which are classified into two types, being the administrative and the substantive processes. The substantive processes are the examinations, the submissions (or Summation in the U.S .A.), and the judgments. The one administrative process that lends itself to narrative analysis is the Readings of Facts in the Botswana courtroom. The narratives of the evidentiary processes and judicial processes are well subscribed in the literature, but this paper introduces the narratives of Submissions (Summations) and the Readings of Facts. Bennet and Fieldman’s(1981) theory is used to provide an understanding of the trial as storytelling; and O’Barr (1981 and 1982), Harris (2001), Gibbons (2003) and Labov (1972) as theoretical framework for the analysis of evidentiary narratives; and Kress’s (1993) algorithm theory of narratives is used to analyse Readings of Facts Narratives. The models are utilized for their effectiveness in describing each genre of the trial. The aim is to analyse the ways in which the law achieves its function. Keywords: narrative, judgment, courtroom examination, submissions in courtrooms, polemics and critical pluralism","PeriodicalId":411071,"journal":{"name":"Marang: Journal of Language and Literature","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122455170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-10-31DOI: 10.4314/MARANG.V20I1.56821
A. Nemati
The present study was an attempt to compare the impact of teaching through memory strategies, where students were taught the meaning of new vocabulary items by giving them synonyms, antonyms, definitions and mini-contexts. The results were reflected in the students' short-term and long-term memory retention. The participants of the study comprised 310 Indian pre-university females. The results indicated that the students in the experimental group outperformed those in the control group both in short-term and longterm scores. As many learners do not develop sufficient mastery of the vocabulary, explicit instruction of memory strategies can help them to store and retrieve new vocabulary items. Also, by using the result of a self-report and post-test 1, it was shown that over-dependency on survey tools as a means of data collection is open to question, in spite of the wide application of such tools, since there was a significant difference between what the participants said and how they performed. Keywords: memory strategies, vocabulary learning strategies, short-term retention, long-term retention, imagery,
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