The article presents a solution to one of the problems of special linguistic markup in the RuTuBiC corpus – the Russian Speech Corpus of Russian-Turkic Bilinguals, asso-ciated with error annotation at the lexical level. The corpus includes three subcorpuses representing materials of the Russian speech of Shor-Russian, Tatar-Russian and Khakass-Russian bilinguals. The article presents solutions developed on the basis of all subcorpuses; the illustrative contexts are drawn from the Shor-Russian subcorpus, recordings of interviews with 14 respondents, about 20 hours of sound. The recordings were made during expeditions to Shoria in 2017–2019. Bilingualism of the respondents is defined as early natural bilingualism with the dominance of the second Russian lan-guage, mother tongues are languages of the family heritage. The theoretical basis of the research was works on linguistic contact at the lexical level. Solutions based on the differentiation of lexemes fully mastered by the system of standard Russian and units with the status of borrowings from other subsystems of the national language and other languages are proposed. In the latter case, linguistic and contextual features are distin-guished that oppose lexical borrowing and code-switching. The typical errors singled out at the lexical level are: [LexId] – idiomatic expressions that are not fixed in the standard language (dialectal and vernacular, slang, etc.), they can also be Turkic calques; [LexSem] – general Russian words used in meanings different from those fixed in the normative sources; [LexSemAgr] – violations of the lexical and semantic agreement norms. The units borrowed from the mother tongue of the respondents are located on the scale of transitions from nuclear to borderline. The nuclear units marked with the [Lex] tag are dialectal units, common words, other word usage cases that are outside the standard, as well as borrowings from the Turkic languages that are not included in the dictionaries of standard Russian. On the border “to the left” are borrowings assimilated to different degrees. On the border “to the right” are non-assimilated borrowings and code-switches. The [CodeSw] marks code-switching, insertion of mother tongue elements into Russian speech. The author considers the inclusion of statements as nuclear cases of code-switching, and single lexical inclusions as transitional cases. Code-switching is evidenced by metatext and linguistic proper, primarily phonetic, indicators. There is an insignificant number of both lexical borrowings and cases of code-switching in the speech of the respondents of the RuTuBiC corpus, which depends on the type of bilingualism. The typicality of metatext marking of borrowings and code-switches is determined by the discursive, genre and thematic limitations of the corpus.
{"title":"Markup Fragment in the RuTuBiC Linguistic Corpus. Code-Switching or Lexical Borrowing?","authors":"Z. Rezanova","doi":"10.17223/22274200/20/5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/22274200/20/5","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents a solution to one of the problems of special linguistic markup in the RuTuBiC corpus – the Russian Speech Corpus of Russian-Turkic Bilinguals, asso-ciated with error annotation at the lexical level. The corpus includes three subcorpuses representing materials of the Russian speech of Shor-Russian, Tatar-Russian and Khakass-Russian bilinguals. The article presents solutions developed on the basis of all subcorpuses; the illustrative contexts are drawn from the Shor-Russian subcorpus, recordings of interviews with 14 respondents, about 20 hours of sound. The recordings were made during expeditions to Shoria in 2017–2019. Bilingualism of the respondents is defined as early natural bilingualism with the dominance of the second Russian lan-guage, mother tongues are languages of the family heritage. The theoretical basis of the research was works on linguistic contact at the lexical level. Solutions based on the differentiation of lexemes fully mastered by the system of standard Russian and units with the status of borrowings from other subsystems of the national language and other languages are proposed. In the latter case, linguistic and contextual features are distin-guished that oppose lexical borrowing and code-switching. The typical errors singled out at the lexical level are: [LexId] – idiomatic expressions that are not fixed in the standard language (dialectal and vernacular, slang, etc.), they can also be Turkic calques; [LexSem] – general Russian words used in meanings different from those fixed in the normative sources; [LexSemAgr] – violations of the lexical and semantic agreement norms. The units borrowed from the mother tongue of the respondents are located on the scale of transitions from nuclear to borderline. The nuclear units marked with the [Lex] tag are dialectal units, common words, other word usage cases that are outside the standard, as well as borrowings from the Turkic languages that are not included in the dictionaries of standard Russian. On the border “to the left” are borrowings assimilated to different degrees. On the border “to the right” are non-assimilated borrowings and code-switches. The [CodeSw] marks code-switching, insertion of mother tongue elements into Russian speech. The author considers the inclusion of statements as nuclear cases of code-switching, and single lexical inclusions as transitional cases. Code-switching is evidenced by metatext and linguistic proper, primarily phonetic, indicators. There is an insignificant number of both lexical borrowings and cases of code-switching in the speech of the respondents of the RuTuBiC corpus, which depends on the type of bilingualism. The typicality of metatext marking of borrowings and code-switches is determined by the discursive, genre and thematic limitations of the corpus.","PeriodicalId":41132,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Leksikografii-Russian Journal of Lexicography","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67583323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Oikonyms of Karelia as an Object for Lexicographic Description: An Experience of Working on the Dictionary of Ludic Karelian Settlement Names","authors":"E. Zakharova, I. Mullonen","doi":"10.17223/22274200/22/5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/22274200/22/5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41132,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Leksikografii-Russian Journal of Lexicography","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67583574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Lexicographic and Discursive Representation of the Place-Name Chelyabinsk in English","authors":"O. Solopova, N. Koshkarova","doi":"10.17223/22274200/22/6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/22274200/22/6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41132,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Leksikografii-Russian Journal of Lexicography","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67583772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the article, the author discusses the ways of grouping and representing the handi-craft vocabulary items of the Sura Volga region dialects in a thematic dictionary orga-nized by the onomasiological principle. First of all, the author localizes the dialects in question and gives a brief description of their emergence paralleled with the history of the territory where they are present nowadays, that is of modern Penza and Ulya-novsk Oblasts, which were colonized by Russian-speaking settlers only a couple of centuries ago. The author concludes that these secondary idioms belong mostly to the Middle Russian group of dialects and share a lot of common features, which allows regarding them as a certain continuum liable to description as a whole. The author justi-fies the necessity of a dictionary containing the dialectal handicraft vocabulary of the Sura Volga region and claims that an accurate depiction of a certain thematic group of dialectal lexical items, such as handicraft terms, demands specific principles of organi-sation. These principles widely contradict the traditional alphabetic arrangement: for example, a coherent description of a bunch of words denoting related items (e.g. craftsman, his working place and result of work), or drawing of areal maps typically used in linguistic geography. Having analyzed the terms related to felting, carpentry and weaving, the author develops a special method of representing the relevant material both via lin-guistic data, such as phonetic variants, syntactic distribution and morphological peculiari-ties of each item, and encyclopaedic information on how each handicraft action or instru-ment contributes to the result and what this final result is for each type of the handicrafts under consideration. Thus, the author has chosen to divide the words related to each handicraft into seven subgroups such as ‘actor’, ‘instrument’, ‘result’, and so on, which shows the whole picture of what handicraft activities are like and why they need the terms they actually have. If one wants to look for a certain word, not a notion, an alphabetic index at the end of the book can be addressed, where each word is provided with the information on how it can be found in the main text of the dictionary. Finally, the author describes the principles of illustrative material selection. In general, the author hopes her project can prove useful for the description of Russian dialectal handicraft vocabulary
{"title":"Representation of the Handicraft Vocabulary of the Sura Volga Region in a Thematic Dictionary: Prerequisites for Creation, Composition and Structure","authors":"M. D. Korolkova","doi":"10.17223/22274200/20/3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/22274200/20/3","url":null,"abstract":"In the article, the author discusses the ways of grouping and representing the handi-craft vocabulary items of the Sura Volga region dialects in a thematic dictionary orga-nized by the onomasiological principle. First of all, the author localizes the dialects in question and gives a brief description of their emergence paralleled with the history of the territory where they are present nowadays, that is of modern Penza and Ulya-novsk Oblasts, which were colonized by Russian-speaking settlers only a couple of centuries ago. The author concludes that these secondary idioms belong mostly to the Middle Russian group of dialects and share a lot of common features, which allows regarding them as a certain continuum liable to description as a whole. The author justi-fies the necessity of a dictionary containing the dialectal handicraft vocabulary of the Sura Volga region and claims that an accurate depiction of a certain thematic group of dialectal lexical items, such as handicraft terms, demands specific principles of organi-sation. These principles widely contradict the traditional alphabetic arrangement: for example, a coherent description of a bunch of words denoting related items (e.g. craftsman, his working place and result of work), or drawing of areal maps typically used in linguistic geography. Having analyzed the terms related to felting, carpentry and weaving, the author develops a special method of representing the relevant material both via lin-guistic data, such as phonetic variants, syntactic distribution and morphological peculiari-ties of each item, and encyclopaedic information on how each handicraft action or instru-ment contributes to the result and what this final result is for each type of the handicrafts under consideration. Thus, the author has chosen to divide the words related to each handicraft into seven subgroups such as ‘actor’, ‘instrument’, ‘result’, and so on, which shows the whole picture of what handicraft activities are like and why they need the terms they actually have. If one wants to look for a certain word, not a notion, an alphabetic index at the end of the book can be addressed, where each word is provided with the information on how it can be found in the main text of the dictionary. Finally, the author describes the principles of illustrative material selection. In general, the author hopes her project can prove useful for the description of Russian dialectal handicraft vocabulary","PeriodicalId":41132,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Leksikografii-Russian Journal of Lexicography","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67583272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article presents an analysis of the lexical composition of the newly discovered Zyryan-Russian dictionary of the 17th century and clarifies its place in the history of Komi lexicography. The article solves the problems of classification of lexicographic monuments and systematization of approaches to their description, and reveals gaps in research that has not been conducted since the mid-20th century. The currently known lexicographic monuments of the Komi language are limited to the dictionary materials of D.G. Messerschmidt, F.I. Stralenberg, G.F. Miller, P.S. Pallas and I.I. Lepekhin; the materials were collected during their expeditions in the 1720s–1770s. Unlike the church monuments of the Old Komi language of the 14th–17th and 18th centuries, the materials have not yet received a thorough archaeographic description, textual analysis and cultural and historical interpretation. The new Zyryan-Russian dictionary, discovered as part of the manuscript collection of the monk Prokhor Kolomnyatin and accurately dated (1668), is the earliest monument in the history of Komi lexicography today. The dictionary is interesting because it belongs to the period almost undocumented by written evidence and differs from all existing monuments in its dialect basis. The article describes the structure of the dictionary, thoroughly analyzes the lexical composition and presents most of its content, and reveals parallels with the dictionary materials of other monuments. The Russian-Komi dictionary-phrasebook that I.I. Lepekhin found and published in his Diary Notes is considered in more detail. Later V.I. Lytkin reprinted and deciphered the phrasebook, as well as made commentaries on it in his Old Permic Language (1952); thus, it became an auxiliary material for the reconstruction of the Old Komi language of the 14th–17th centuries. The dictionary dates back to the 18th century, although it has not been subjected to serious cultural-historical and chronological attribution. The newly discovered monument, unlike Lepekhin’s dictionary created by the type of translated old Russian dictionaries-phrasebooks based on the Russian questionnaire, reflects the live Komi-Zyryan language of the second half of the 17th century. It does not contain typical phrases, phrases from dialogues and connected texts that are typical of translated phrasebooks. There is only a certain tendency towards a thematic presentation of the material, although not always consistent. Like the dictionary materials contained in the draft papers of Russian and foreign travellers of the 18th century, the vocabulary of the new dictionary was written by the author of the collection directly from the words of a native speaker (or native speakers) of the Komi language in order to fix it and, apparently, was not intended for communicative use. Unlike the existing dictionary materials, which often contain short lists of Komi numerals, the new dictionary contains a consistent detailed money vocabulary list
{"title":"A New Handwritten Dictionary of the Komi-Zyryan Language in the History of Komi Lexicography","authors":"G. Fedyuneva","doi":"10.17223/22274200/21/4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/22274200/21/4","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents an analysis of the lexical composition of the newly discovered Zyryan-Russian dictionary of the 17th century and clarifies its place in the history of Komi lexicography. The article solves the problems of classification of lexicographic monuments and systematization of approaches to their description, and reveals gaps in research that has not been conducted since the mid-20th century. The currently known lexicographic monuments of the Komi language are limited to the dictionary materials of D.G. Messerschmidt, F.I. Stralenberg, G.F. Miller, P.S. Pallas and I.I. Lepekhin; the materials were collected during their expeditions in the 1720s–1770s. Unlike the church monuments of the Old Komi language of the 14th–17th and 18th centuries, the materials have not yet received a thorough archaeographic description, textual analysis and cultural and historical interpretation. The new Zyryan-Russian dictionary, discovered as part of the manuscript collection of the monk Prokhor Kolomnyatin and accurately dated (1668), is the earliest monument in the history of Komi lexicography today. The dictionary is interesting because it belongs to the period almost undocumented by written evidence and differs from all existing monuments in its dialect basis. The article describes the structure of the dictionary, thoroughly analyzes the lexical composition and presents most of its content, and reveals parallels with the dictionary materials of other monuments. The Russian-Komi dictionary-phrasebook that I.I. Lepekhin found and published in his Diary Notes is considered in more detail. Later V.I. Lytkin reprinted and deciphered the phrasebook, as well as made commentaries on it in his Old Permic Language (1952); thus, it became an auxiliary material for the reconstruction of the Old Komi language of the 14th–17th centuries. The dictionary dates back to the 18th century, although it has not been subjected to serious cultural-historical and chronological attribution. The newly discovered monument, unlike Lepekhin’s dictionary created by the type of translated old Russian dictionaries-phrasebooks based on the Russian questionnaire, reflects the live Komi-Zyryan language of the second half of the 17th century. It does not contain typical phrases, phrases from dialogues and connected texts that are typical of translated phrasebooks. There is only a certain tendency towards a thematic presentation of the material, although not always consistent. Like the dictionary materials contained in the draft papers of Russian and foreign travellers of the 18th century, the vocabulary of the new dictionary was written by the author of the collection directly from the words of a native speaker (or native speakers) of the Komi language in order to fix it and, apparently, was not intended for communicative use. Unlike the existing dictionary materials, which often contain short lists of Komi numerals, the new dictionary contains a consistent detailed money vocabulary list","PeriodicalId":41132,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Leksikografii-Russian Journal of Lexicography","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67583349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article aims to describe the conception of the Modern Political Labels Dictionary being developed at the Siberian Federal University. The creation of such a dictionary is relevant owing to the development of political lexicography which allows revealing the state and features of modern political language development. It is also noted that political labels remain largely unstudied despite their wide and quite long-term use in media. The authors of both the dictionary and the article believe that it can be useful not only for specialists focused on conducting linguistic examinations of conflictogenic texts, but also for those who are interested in politics. The Modern Political Labels Dictionary makers see the main purpose of its creation in characterizing modern political discourse verbal labels used as a tool of information-psychological confrontation as completely as possible. The concept of the dictionary is based on the following definition of the term “political verbal label”: it is a nominative ideologeme (word and phrase) tending to stereotypization. It is a linear negative myth used to discredit socially and politically significant objects. A political verbal label is characterized by exaggerated pejorative connotations and weakened denotative components. The dictionary being developed is explanatory and illustrative. It also includes derivations and (optional) philological commentaries. The selection of speech samples for the dictionary was mainly based on a linguo-ideological analysis following the methodology proposed by N.A. Kupina that assumes the identification of key ideologeme labels in a text and analysis of their com-patibility to reveal semantic, axiological, and aesthetic additives that reflect an author’s point of view on certain political events. The article also characterizes the dictionary structure including a theoretical introduction, dictionary entries, a glossary, and a list of abbreviations; examples of dictionary entries are provided. The words and phrases se-lected for the glossary passed verification procedure acting as Yandex, Google and Russian Language National Corpus search query to confirm their non-unity (usability): the existence of at least 3 to 5 contexts from different sources in which the selected unit is used with the same meaning was considered sufficient. It is noted in the description of a dictionary entry that it contains both mandatory (head unit; interpretation of its semantics in compliance with the principle of unification of interpretation models; speech samples from texts of various styles and genres created in post-Soviet and modern periods) and optional (commentaries on the functioning specifics of a political label: its origin, use periods, productivity and role in text; variations; synonyms and derivatives) components. It is concluded that the work on the dictionary made it possible to clarify the definition of the political labels phenomenon; identify the most common political labels,
{"title":"On the Conception of the Modern Political Labels Dictionary","authors":"A. Skovorodnikov, G. Kopnina","doi":"10.17223/22274200/20/6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/22274200/20/6","url":null,"abstract":"The article aims to describe the conception of the Modern Political Labels Dictionary being developed at the Siberian Federal University. The creation of such a dictionary is relevant owing to the development of political lexicography which allows revealing the state and features of modern political language development. It is also noted that political labels remain largely unstudied despite their wide and quite long-term use in media. The authors of both the dictionary and the article believe that it can be useful not only for specialists focused on conducting linguistic examinations of conflictogenic texts, but also for those who are interested in politics. The Modern Political Labels Dictionary makers see the main purpose of its creation in characterizing modern political discourse verbal labels used as a tool of information-psychological confrontation as completely as possible. The concept of the dictionary is based on the following definition of the term “political verbal label”: it is a nominative ideologeme (word and phrase) tending to stereotypization. It is a linear negative myth used to discredit socially and politically significant objects. A political verbal label is characterized by exaggerated pejorative connotations and weakened denotative components. The dictionary being developed is explanatory and illustrative. It also includes derivations and (optional) philological commentaries. The selection of speech samples for the dictionary was mainly based on a linguo-ideological analysis following the methodology proposed by N.A. Kupina that assumes the identification of key ideologeme labels in a text and analysis of their com-patibility to reveal semantic, axiological, and aesthetic additives that reflect an author’s point of view on certain political events. The article also characterizes the dictionary structure including a theoretical introduction, dictionary entries, a glossary, and a list of abbreviations; examples of dictionary entries are provided. The words and phrases se-lected for the glossary passed verification procedure acting as Yandex, Google and Russian Language National Corpus search query to confirm their non-unity (usability): the existence of at least 3 to 5 contexts from different sources in which the selected unit is used with the same meaning was considered sufficient. It is noted in the description of a dictionary entry that it contains both mandatory (head unit; interpretation of its semantics in compliance with the principle of unification of interpretation models; speech samples from texts of various styles and genres created in post-Soviet and modern periods) and optional (commentaries on the functioning specifics of a political label: its origin, use periods, productivity and role in text; variations; synonyms and derivatives) components. It is concluded that the work on the dictionary made it possible to clarify the definition of the political labels phenomenon; identify the most common political labels, ","PeriodicalId":41132,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Leksikografii-Russian Journal of Lexicography","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67583389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Functions of the Pronoun DRUGOY [OTHER] and Features of Its Representation in Dictionaries","authors":"Victoria N. Noskova, I. Matkhanova","doi":"10.17223/22274200/22/4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/22274200/22/4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41132,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Leksikografii-Russian Journal of Lexicography","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67583560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article discusses how collocations are represented in Russian dictionaries and how information about them can be covered in a collocation database that is being developed. Such a resource (gold standard) can be in demand when developing applications for teaching or learning Russian as a foreign language and solving other theoretical and applied issues. The aim of the study was twofold: firstly, to analyze how explanatory and specialized dictionaries of the Russian language represent collocations and hence to what extent their data coincide with each other, and, secondly, to investigate how these dictionary collocations are reflected in text corpora. This allows tracing the relation between manually collected data and modern corpora. For the study, the author used the disambiguated subcorpus and the main corpus of the Russian National Corpus (RNC) with a volume of 6 million and 321 million words, respectively, as well as the large Internet corpus ruTenTen with a volume of more than 14.5 billion words. The author considered attributive phrases built according to the “adjective/participle + noun” model. She analyzed 120 collocations with different dictionary index, i.e. the number of dictionaries in which this phrase is given. The following hypothesis was tested: high collocation frequencies correspond to the fact that the item is recorded in several dictionaries. In the analysis, nonparametric analogues of analysis of variance (Friedman and Kruskal-Wallis tests) were used to assess the statistical significance of differences in quantitative data. The frequencies of collocations in corpora of different volume and in different dictionaries were compared. In total, more than 15 thousand examples were processed, less than 0.5% of them were presented in four of the six reviewed dictionaries (five printed and one electronic). The results show data heterogeneity, items selected for a dictionary do not coincide with their frequency characteristics and thus word combinations turn out to be low-frequency. About 34% of the examples are absent in the RNC corpus with removed ambiguity, and about 12% of analyzed collocations are rare (less than 0.01 ipm) even in the ruTenTen corpus. The presence of collocations in several dictionaries indicates their higher frequencies and hence reproducibility in speech. Explanatory dictionaries and collocation dictionaries show the smallest intersection of data. The results show that the amount of data is a crucial issue, and the very phenomenon of collocability should be studied on large corpora.
本文将讨论如何在俄语词典中表示搭配，以及如何在正在开发的搭配数据库中包含有关搭配的信息。这种资源(黄金标准)在开发教学或学习俄语作为外语的应用程序以及解决其他理论和应用问题时是需要的。本研究的目的有两个:首先，分析俄语解释性词典和专业词典如何表示搭配，从而在多大程度上相互吻合;其次，研究这些词典搭配如何反映在文本语料库中。这允许跟踪手动收集的数据和现代语料库之间的关系。在研究中，作者使用了俄罗斯国家语料库(Russian National corpus, RNC)的消歧义子语料库和主语料库，分别为600万和3.21亿字，以及互联网大型语料库rutenen，其容量超过145亿字。作者考虑了按照“形容词/分词+名词”模式构建的定语短语。她分析了120种不同词典索引的搭配，即这个短语在多少本词典中被给出。测试了以下假设:高搭配频率对应于这个词被记录在几本词典中的事实。在分析中，使用方差分析的非参数类比(Friedman和Kruskal-Wallis检验)来评估定量数据差异的统计显著性。比较了不同语料库和不同词典中的搭配频率。总共处理了超过1.5万个例子，其中不到0.5%的例子出现在6本被审查的词典(5本印刷词典和1本电子词典)中的4本中。结果显示了数据的异质性，为词典选择的项目不符合它们的频率特征，因此单词组合变成了低频。在去除歧义的RNC语料库中，约有34%的例子是不存在的，即使在rutenen语料库中，也有约12%的分析搭配是罕见的(小于0.01 ipm)。几个词典中出现的搭配表明它们的频率较高，因此在讲话中具有可重复性。解释字典和搭配字典显示了最小的数据交集。结果表明，数据的数量是一个关键问题，并且应该在大型语料库上研究可搭配性现象。
{"title":"Attributive Collocations in the Gold Standard of Russian Collocability and Their Representation in Dictionaries and Corpora","authors":"M. Khokhlova","doi":"10.17223/22274200/21/2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/22274200/21/2","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses how collocations are represented in Russian dictionaries and how information about them can be covered in a collocation database that is being developed. Such a resource (gold standard) can be in demand when developing applications for teaching or learning Russian as a foreign language and solving other theoretical and applied issues. The aim of the study was twofold: firstly, to analyze how explanatory and specialized dictionaries of the Russian language represent collocations and hence to what extent their data coincide with each other, and, secondly, to investigate how these dictionary collocations are reflected in text corpora. This allows tracing the relation between manually collected data and modern corpora. For the study, the author used the disambiguated subcorpus and the main corpus of the Russian National Corpus (RNC) with a volume of 6 million and 321 million words, respectively, as well as the large Internet corpus ruTenTen with a volume of more than 14.5 billion words. The author considered attributive phrases built according to the “adjective/participle + noun” model. She analyzed 120 collocations with different dictionary index, i.e. the number of dictionaries in which this phrase is given. The following hypothesis was tested: high collocation frequencies correspond to the fact that the item is recorded in several dictionaries. In the analysis, nonparametric analogues of analysis of variance (Friedman and Kruskal-Wallis tests) were used to assess the statistical significance of differences in quantitative data. The frequencies of collocations in corpora of different volume and in different dictionaries were compared. In total, more than 15 thousand examples were processed, less than 0.5% of them were presented in four of the six reviewed dictionaries (five printed and one electronic). The results show data heterogeneity, items selected for a dictionary do not coincide with their frequency characteristics and thus word combinations turn out to be low-frequency. About 34% of the examples are absent in the RNC corpus with removed ambiguity, and about 12% of analyzed collocations are rare (less than 0.01 ipm) even in the ruTenTen corpus. The presence of collocations in several dictionaries indicates their higher frequencies and hence reproducibility in speech. Explanatory dictionaries and collocation dictionaries show the smallest intersection of data. The results show that the amount of data is a crucial issue, and the very phenomenon of collocability should be studied on large corpora.","PeriodicalId":41132,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Leksikografii-Russian Journal of Lexicography","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67583306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of the article is to highlight the concept and basic principles of compiling a dictionary of Eastern Steppe Ukrainian dialects. The aim implies reaching the following objectives: substantiating the criteria for selecting the empirical material; developing the dictionary compilation principles; defining the structure of the dictionary and the dictionary entry; describing the specific designation of variants of the dialect names of clothing; covering the semantic structure of the analysed dialect words; representing synonymy, polysemy and homonymy of the studied lexical units; recording expressive shades of the analysed dialect vocabulary; writing trial dictionary entries. The material for the article includes dialect recordings made by the author, mainly by the expeditionary method, in Donetsk Oblast settlements during 1997–2013. To track the degree of word spread in the studied dialects, the materials collected by students of the Philological Faculty of Vasyl Stus Donetsk National University have been used. The research metho-dology is based on the theoretical foundations of dialectology, lexicology and lexico-graphy. To achieve the aim, general and specific scientific methods have been used: analysis and synthesis; descriptive and analytical method for collecting, inventorying, systematising dialectal lexical units, as well as for interpreting linguistic facts; the com-parative method has been used to determine the peculiarities of the analysed dialectal vocabulary; the technique of modelling dialect vocabulary has been applied to construct dictionary entries. The article presents the concept and principles of compiling the re-gional dictionary of Eastern Steppe Ukrainian dialects, taking into account the existing developments in Slavic dialectology, describes the criteria for selecting the empirical material, characterises the dictionary type and its general structure, as well as features of dictionary entries (interpretation of meanings, grammatical characteristics, labels reflecting the peculiarities of the word functioning in the dialect, the originality of the illustrative material). The study contains trial dictionary entries which demonstrate the specifics of the vocabulary of the new-settlement Ukrainian dialects of Donetsk Oblast. Further research and thorough presentation of the principles of compiling the regional dictionary of Eastern Steppe Ukrainian dialects will be possible after extracting, selecting and analysing more lexical material. In this regard, the proposed principles of lexico-graphic recording of Eastern Steppe Ukrainian dialects can be expanded and refined.
{"title":"The Experience of Lexicographic Recording of Ukrainian Eastern Steppe Dialects","authors":"Nataliya B. Klymenko","doi":"10.17223/22274200/20/2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/22274200/20/2","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the article is to highlight the concept and basic principles of compiling a dictionary of Eastern Steppe Ukrainian dialects. The aim implies reaching the following objectives: substantiating the criteria for selecting the empirical material; developing the dictionary compilation principles; defining the structure of the dictionary and the dictionary entry; describing the specific designation of variants of the dialect names of clothing; covering the semantic structure of the analysed dialect words; representing synonymy, polysemy and homonymy of the studied lexical units; recording expressive shades of the analysed dialect vocabulary; writing trial dictionary entries. The material for the article includes dialect recordings made by the author, mainly by the expeditionary method, in Donetsk Oblast settlements during 1997–2013. To track the degree of word spread in the studied dialects, the materials collected by students of the Philological Faculty of Vasyl Stus Donetsk National University have been used. The research metho-dology is based on the theoretical foundations of dialectology, lexicology and lexico-graphy. To achieve the aim, general and specific scientific methods have been used: analysis and synthesis; descriptive and analytical method for collecting, inventorying, systematising dialectal lexical units, as well as for interpreting linguistic facts; the com-parative method has been used to determine the peculiarities of the analysed dialectal vocabulary; the technique of modelling dialect vocabulary has been applied to construct dictionary entries. The article presents the concept and principles of compiling the re-gional dictionary of Eastern Steppe Ukrainian dialects, taking into account the existing developments in Slavic dialectology, describes the criteria for selecting the empirical material, characterises the dictionary type and its general structure, as well as features of dictionary entries (interpretation of meanings, grammatical characteristics, labels reflecting the peculiarities of the word functioning in the dialect, the originality of the illustrative material). The study contains trial dictionary entries which demonstrate the specifics of the vocabulary of the new-settlement Ukrainian dialects of Donetsk Oblast. Further research and thorough presentation of the principles of compiling the regional dictionary of Eastern Steppe Ukrainian dialects will be possible after extracting, selecting and analysing more lexical material. In this regard, the proposed principles of lexico-graphic recording of Eastern Steppe Ukrainian dialects can be expanded and refined.","PeriodicalId":41132,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Leksikografii-Russian Journal of Lexicography","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67583264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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