Our time preferences deviate systematically from that of Homo economicus. They seem to be driven by a form of mental zooming, where higher and more distant amounts induce a more holistic perspective in contrast to smaller and near future amounts. We model zooming as variable asset integration and ask whether this can explain the observed variation in discount rates in experiments. It can. Equally important, the zooming for both time and magnitude is similar across two countries (Ethiopia and Malawi) and within a country (Ethiopia).
{"title":"Mental Zooming as Variable Asset Integration in Inter-Temporal Choice","authors":"S. Holden, D. E. Sommervoll, Mesfin Tilahun","doi":"10.4018/ijabe.305241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijabe.305241","url":null,"abstract":"Our time preferences deviate systematically from that of Homo economicus. They seem to be driven by a form of mental zooming, where higher and more distant amounts induce a more holistic perspective in contrast to smaller and near future amounts. We model zooming as variable asset integration and ask whether this can explain the observed variation in discount rates in experiments. It can. Equally important, the zooming for both time and magnitude is similar across two countries (Ethiopia and Malawi) and within a country (Ethiopia).","PeriodicalId":41154,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Behavioral Economics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70447815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article investigates the presence of asymmetries in the short- and long-run relationships between financial development and economic growth covering four SMCs from 1984 to 2017 by applying the nonlinear ARDL. We factored three financial development measures that detected the financial depth and the credit to private sector taken one by one and together in four models. The empirical evidence provides significant evidence of both short-run and long-run asymmetries between the interest variables. The main conclusion drown from this paper is that in the event that policymakers place more emphasis on policies that develop financial depth and credit for private sector, a concomitant effect would positively impact long-run growth in Algeria, Egypt, Morocco and Tunisia.
{"title":"Financial Development and Economic Growth Nexus in the South Mediterranean Countries (SMCs)","authors":"Khalil Mhadhbi","doi":"10.4018/ijabe.300275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijabe.300275","url":null,"abstract":"This article investigates the presence of asymmetries in the short- and long-run relationships between financial development and economic growth covering four SMCs from 1984 to 2017 by applying the nonlinear ARDL. We factored three financial development measures that detected the financial depth and the credit to private sector taken one by one and together in four models. The empirical evidence provides significant evidence of both short-run and long-run asymmetries between the interest variables. The main conclusion drown from this paper is that in the event that policymakers place more emphasis on policies that develop financial depth and credit for private sector, a concomitant effect would positively impact long-run growth in Algeria, Egypt, Morocco and Tunisia.","PeriodicalId":41154,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Behavioral Economics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43773232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Credit card use is ubiquitous. The credit cardholders’ behaviour of accumulating reward points and its effect is studied. The credit card users are categorised into government employees, private sector employees and the self-employed. The socio-economic factors like age, gender, education, marital status, family size, occupation, monthly income and number of credit cards owned affect the reward point accumulation behaviour of credit card holders. Frequency of credit card use has a positive effect on reward point accumulation but duration of credit card use does not affect reward point accumulation. The card transaction amount is more for the accumulators than the non-accumulators of reward points. Cardholders’ behaviour of accumulating reward points leads to increasing purchases, including conspicuous consumption and possibly leading them into a debt trap, if fail to make full payment of their credit card bill. The issuers of credit cards have a scope to widen their customer base by changing their marketing strategies so as to motivate the cardholders to accumulate reward points.
{"title":"Reward Point Accumulation Behaviour of Credit Card Users in Pune City","authors":"Shilly John","doi":"10.4018/ijabe.300273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijabe.300273","url":null,"abstract":"Credit card use is ubiquitous. The credit cardholders’ behaviour of accumulating reward points and its effect is studied. The credit card users are categorised into government employees, private sector employees and the self-employed. The socio-economic factors like age, gender, education, marital status, family size, occupation, monthly income and number of credit cards owned affect the reward point accumulation behaviour of credit card holders. Frequency of credit card use has a positive effect on reward point accumulation but duration of credit card use does not affect reward point accumulation. The card transaction amount is more for the accumulators than the non-accumulators of reward points. Cardholders’ behaviour of accumulating reward points leads to increasing purchases, including conspicuous consumption and possibly leading them into a debt trap, if fail to make full payment of their credit card bill. The issuers of credit cards have a scope to widen their customer base by changing their marketing strategies so as to motivate the cardholders to accumulate reward points.","PeriodicalId":41154,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Behavioral Economics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44187600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The current study aims to examine the phenomenon of racism in football. The researchers collected data from people of all ages in the countries of Italy, Romania, Greece, Hungary, Serbia, Bulgaria, and a number of experts from other countries as well. Data were analysed and studied through the use of descriptive statistics and correlation analysis. The findings suggest that racist incidences in football are very frequent. Furthermore, it was observed that social-demographic variables seem to affect people’s propensity to racism and usually the respondents believe that racist acts are performed mainly due to lack of education, out of fear and due to general social unrest. Finally, a thorough discussion and conclusions are given for the improvement of regulations at a European level to tackle the incidents of racism abuse in the sphere of soccer.
{"title":"Can we fight EU-racism in football? A cross-cultural study","authors":"Theodore Tarnanidis","doi":"10.4018/ijabe.302138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijabe.302138","url":null,"abstract":"The current study aims to examine the phenomenon of racism in football. The researchers collected data from people of all ages in the countries of Italy, Romania, Greece, Hungary, Serbia, Bulgaria, and a number of experts from other countries as well. Data were analysed and studied through the use of descriptive statistics and correlation analysis. The findings suggest that racist incidences in football are very frequent. Furthermore, it was observed that social-demographic variables seem to affect people’s propensity to racism and usually the respondents believe that racist acts are performed mainly due to lack of education, out of fear and due to general social unrest. Finally, a thorough discussion and conclusions are given for the improvement of regulations at a European level to tackle the incidents of racism abuse in the sphere of soccer.","PeriodicalId":41154,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Behavioral Economics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42874410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents the results of a survey carried out by the authors in two different countries that share a common language and culture, Romania and Republic of Moldova. The aim of the study is to analyze three dimensions of the Money Management Behavior (saving, overspending and financial awareness) and to integrate them into a model based on the Theory of Planned Behavior. The structural equation modelling analysis reveals that saving is influenced negatively by Success and Centrality (two dimensions of the materialism scale), External locus of control and Pain of paying. Overspending is influenced negatively by Centrality, Happiness and Pain of paying, and positively by Social norms and Internal locus of control. Success, Social norms and Internal locus of control influence positively the financial awareness of individuals, whereas Pain of paying influences it negatively. The financial and socio-psychological behavioral differences in these two countries are compared and discussed.
{"title":"Understanding Money Management Behavior through the Theory of Planned Behavior","authors":"Nicoleta Onofrei","doi":"10.4018/ijabe.302139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijabe.302139","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the results of a survey carried out by the authors in two different countries that share a common language and culture, Romania and Republic of Moldova. The aim of the study is to analyze three dimensions of the Money Management Behavior (saving, overspending and financial awareness) and to integrate them into a model based on the Theory of Planned Behavior. The structural equation modelling analysis reveals that saving is influenced negatively by Success and Centrality (two dimensions of the materialism scale), External locus of control and Pain of paying. Overspending is influenced negatively by Centrality, Happiness and Pain of paying, and positively by Social norms and Internal locus of control. Success, Social norms and Internal locus of control influence positively the financial awareness of individuals, whereas Pain of paying influences it negatively. The financial and socio-psychological behavioral differences in these two countries are compared and discussed.","PeriodicalId":41154,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Behavioral Economics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44290924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A dynamic model is proposed to describe the time evolution of production location choices of a multinational enterprise that can decide between two possible manufacturing locations: a stylized developed economy and a developing economy. The model is based on an evolutionary approach according to a replicator dynamics driven by expected profits. The production in each country is determined by the availability of labor inputs and their relative productivity, on wages of skilled and unskilled workers as well as on cost externalities due to knowledge spillovers and public goods availability. The model includes the effects of relative demand and supply on earnings distribution with two different types of workers (high and low skilled) and the substitution between the two categories is captured by a CES aggregate production function. Behavioral parameter are also considered, such as the cognitive bias that overestimates the convenience of offshoring in term of labor cost and the "made in" effect that brings consumers to pay higher prices for products manufactured in a developed country.
{"title":"An Evolutionary Game to model Offshoring and Reshoring of Production between Developed and Developing Countries","authors":"Andrea Bacchiocchi","doi":"10.4018/ijabe.302137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijabe.302137","url":null,"abstract":"A dynamic model is proposed to describe the time evolution of production location choices of a multinational enterprise that can decide between two possible manufacturing locations: a stylized developed economy and a developing economy. The model is based on an evolutionary approach according to a replicator dynamics driven by expected profits. The production in each country is determined by the availability of labor inputs and their relative productivity, on wages of skilled and unskilled workers as well as on cost externalities due to knowledge spillovers and public goods availability. The model includes the effects of relative demand and supply on earnings distribution with two different types of workers (high and low skilled) and the substitution between the two categories is captured by a CES aggregate production function. Behavioral parameter are also considered, such as the cognitive bias that overestimates the convenience of offshoring in term of labor cost and the \"made in\" effect that brings consumers to pay higher prices for products manufactured in a developed country.","PeriodicalId":41154,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Behavioral Economics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47549085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Informal investors play a significant and critical role in the investment field. Apart from that, informal investors promote entrepreneurship as they are a funding source especially for small and micro entrepreneurs. The objective of this analysis is to identify the factors that characterize the informal investors in Spain and the United States. The basis for this analysis is the data from the website Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) from the period 2001-2015 at the global individual level for Spain and for United Sates. The purpose is to compare the existing differences between the factors that characterize an informal investor in different economic periods (pre-crisis, crisis, post-crisis) in two different entrepreneurial environments, Spain and United States, to identify measures or actions that can be implemented by the national and local organisms to promote informal investment and entrepreneurship.
{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Factors Influencing Informal Investors of Spain and the United States","authors":"María de las Mercedes Barrachina, N. Baporikar","doi":"10.4018/ijabe.311051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijabe.311051","url":null,"abstract":"Informal investors play a significant and critical role in the investment field. Apart from that, informal investors promote entrepreneurship as they are a funding source especially for small and micro entrepreneurs. The objective of this analysis is to identify the factors that characterize the informal investors in Spain and the United States. The basis for this analysis is the data from the website Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) from the period 2001-2015 at the global individual level for Spain and for United Sates. The purpose is to compare the existing differences between the factors that characterize an informal investor in different economic periods (pre-crisis, crisis, post-crisis) in two different entrepreneurial environments, Spain and United States, to identify measures or actions that can be implemented by the national and local organisms to promote informal investment and entrepreneurship.","PeriodicalId":41154,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Behavioral Economics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46729199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the aim of preventing malnutrition, it has been proposed to provide information to consumers about the nutritional content of food using labelling on packages to promote healthier eating habits. Since the way in which the consumer uses the information available in the choice of healthy foods is not clear, this article aims to analyze the interrelationship between the different types of interpretative FOP labelling and the characteristics of consumers in the food purchase intention. Food purchase intention, or its negation, is determined by different combination of conditions were perceived healthiness plays an important role. Nutrition summary indicator labelling interacts with the nutrient-specific nutritional labelling, nutrition consciousness, perceived healthiness, age, and gender in different ways to determine purchase intention or negation of purchase intention. Governments must make additional efforts to ensure that the Nutri-Score guides citizens in making healthy food choices.
{"title":"Nutritional Labelling and Purchase Intention","authors":"Cayetano Medina-Molina, Alicia Alonso-Hernando","doi":"10.4018/ijabe.311050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijabe.311050","url":null,"abstract":"With the aim of preventing malnutrition, it has been proposed to provide information to consumers about the nutritional content of food using labelling on packages to promote healthier eating habits. Since the way in which the consumer uses the information available in the choice of healthy foods is not clear, this article aims to analyze the interrelationship between the different types of interpretative FOP labelling and the characteristics of consumers in the food purchase intention. Food purchase intention, or its negation, is determined by different combination of conditions were perceived healthiness plays an important role. Nutrition summary indicator labelling interacts with the nutrient-specific nutritional labelling, nutrition consciousness, perceived healthiness, age, and gender in different ways to determine purchase intention or negation of purchase intention. Governments must make additional efforts to ensure that the Nutri-Score guides citizens in making healthy food choices.","PeriodicalId":41154,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Behavioral Economics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43636849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article presents the results of a field experiment that uses ‘nudge’ type influences as the content of text messages targeting a specific group of debtors of one of the fast loans company’s operating in Bulgaria. This is a group consisting of so-called ‘contactless’ clients, the ones that stop paying their instalments and cut all the communication with their creditor during the COVID 19 isolation phase. We define the term nudge and also explain the differences between the traditional debt collection process and the behavioural approach to collection. We reveal the impact of nudging sms messages that make debtors feel committed to reciprocate, which is a specific automatic effect on the decision-making process. Those text messages significantly increased the probability of the debtors responding to the invitation for credit restructuring, compared to when the standard message was sent. Therefore, it is important to implement new behavioural approaches in existing debt collection strategies in the context of the new social reality created by the COVID-19 pandemic.
{"title":"Messages Committing You to Reciprocate","authors":"Yasen Dimitrov, I. Vlaev","doi":"10.4018/ijabe.308783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijabe.308783","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of a field experiment that uses ‘nudge’ type influences as the content of text messages targeting a specific group of debtors of one of the fast loans company’s operating in Bulgaria. This is a group consisting of so-called ‘contactless’ clients, the ones that stop paying their instalments and cut all the communication with their creditor during the COVID 19 isolation phase. We define the term nudge and also explain the differences between the traditional debt collection process and the behavioural approach to collection. We reveal the impact of nudging sms messages that make debtors feel committed to reciprocate, which is a specific automatic effect on the decision-making process. Those text messages significantly increased the probability of the debtors responding to the invitation for credit restructuring, compared to when the standard message was sent. Therefore, it is important to implement new behavioural approaches in existing debt collection strategies in the context of the new social reality created by the COVID-19 pandemic.","PeriodicalId":41154,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Behavioral Economics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41564811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.4018/IJABE.2021070102
Rupamjyoti Nath, M. Das
The increasing numbers of newspaper reports on disappearing women from the north eastern state of Assam and especially from the economically backward areas of the state in recent years deserve close attention from both researchers' points of view as well as policy-level intervention of the larger community along with the government. This study makes an attempt to operate upon the menace area through the scalpel of game theory under the light of both primary and secondary data collected from the study area. It is an attempt to outline conscious human behaviour that leads to crimes such as women trafficking and identify the parameters controlling or affecting which types of crimes can be controlled. In order to do so, different distinct entities associated with the problem have been considered as different players leading to the concluding indication of prevailing flaws in the legal system of the country along with lack of employment opportunities and mass ignorance about the problem in hand among common people as the major reasons.
{"title":"Women Trafficking Problem in Assam","authors":"Rupamjyoti Nath, M. Das","doi":"10.4018/IJABE.2021070102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/IJABE.2021070102","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing numbers of newspaper reports on disappearing women from the north eastern state of Assam and especially from the economically backward areas of the state in recent years deserve close attention from both researchers' points of view as well as policy-level intervention of the larger community along with the government. This study makes an attempt to operate upon the menace area through the scalpel of game theory under the light of both primary and secondary data collected from the study area. It is an attempt to outline conscious human behaviour that leads to crimes such as women trafficking and identify the parameters controlling or affecting which types of crimes can be controlled. In order to do so, different distinct entities associated with the problem have been considered as different players leading to the concluding indication of prevailing flaws in the legal system of the country along with lack of employment opportunities and mass ignorance about the problem in hand among common people as the major reasons.","PeriodicalId":41154,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Behavioral Economics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48768894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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