Pub Date : 2023-11-21DOI: 10.1177/03324893231209171
Thomas McGrath
{"title":"Selected list of writings on Irish economic and social history published in 2022","authors":"Thomas McGrath","doi":"10.1177/03324893231209171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03324893231209171","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41191,"journal":{"name":"Irish Economic and Social History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139251079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-15DOI: 10.1177/03324893231209165
Tim Murtagh
{"title":"Book Review: Civic Identity and Public Space: Belfast Since 1780 by Dominic Bryan and S.J. Connolly with John Nagle","authors":"Tim Murtagh","doi":"10.1177/03324893231209165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03324893231209165","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41191,"journal":{"name":"Irish Economic and Social History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139275057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-26DOI: 10.1177/03324893231209172
{"title":"Economic and Social History Society of Ireland, Secretary's Report to the Annual General Meeting, October 29, 2022","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/03324893231209172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03324893231209172","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41191,"journal":{"name":"Irish Economic and Social History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135016614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-10DOI: 10.1177/03324893231199911
Ciara Molloy
In the late 1970s, a criminal-based youth subculture known as the Bugsy Malones emerged in inner-city Dublin. Through the use of oral history interviews, this article avails of ‘proximate voices’ to shed light on the Bugsy Malones’ socio-economic background, their individual and group characteristics, and the rise of a subcultural mythology because of the involvement of Gerry ‘The Monk’ Hutch (a well-known Irish figure linked to organised crime) with the subculture. These proximate voices comprise n = 10 individuals who encountered the Bugsy Malones in a personal or professional capacity and shared lived experiences, physical spaces and/or interests with them. By capturing such voices, the article transcends caricatured press coverage and generates enhanced insight into this largely forgotten subculture.
在20世纪70年代末，一个以犯罪为基础的青年亚文化团体“巴格西·马龙”(Bugsy Malones)出现在都柏林市中心。通过使用口述历史访谈，本文利用“接近的声音”来揭示Bugsy malone的社会经济背景，他们的个人和群体特征，以及亚文化神话的兴起，因为Gerry ' the Monk ' Hutch(一个与有组织犯罪有关的著名爱尔兰人物)与亚文化的关系。这些近似的声音包括n = 10个人，他们在个人或专业能力上遇到了巴格西·马龙，并与他们分享了生活经历、物理空间和/或兴趣。通过捕捉这些声音，这篇文章超越了讽刺的新闻报道，并对这一基本上被遗忘的亚文化产生了更深入的了解。
{"title":"Recapturing the Bugsy Malones","authors":"Ciara Molloy","doi":"10.1177/03324893231199911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03324893231199911","url":null,"abstract":"In the late 1970s, a criminal-based youth subculture known as the Bugsy Malones emerged in inner-city Dublin. Through the use of oral history interviews, this article avails of ‘proximate voices’ to shed light on the Bugsy Malones’ socio-economic background, their individual and group characteristics, and the rise of a subcultural mythology because of the involvement of Gerry ‘The Monk’ Hutch (a well-known Irish figure linked to organised crime) with the subculture. These proximate voices comprise n = 10 individuals who encountered the Bugsy Malones in a personal or professional capacity and shared lived experiences, physical spaces and/or interests with them. By capturing such voices, the article transcends caricatured press coverage and generates enhanced insight into this largely forgotten subculture.","PeriodicalId":41191,"journal":{"name":"Irish Economic and Social History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136072340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-16DOI: 10.1177/03324893231187995
Kieran Fitzpatrick, D. Cassidy
By the time of his death in September 1921, Peter Johnstone Freyer was an extremely wealthy man. After an education at Queen's College Galway, his medical career had been defined by colonial service in India, and the establishment of a successful surgery and consultancy on London's Harley Street. In public, these hallmarks of his career led to him being described by his contemporaries as amongst medicine's most prominent figures, and as a ‘great surgeon’ by newspapers the length of and breadth of the United Kingdom on the occasion of his death. However, his private papers show that his medical practice was only responsible for a small part of his material success; two-thirds of his wealth was derived from his skill, exercised in private, as an investor in financial markets. By establishing his history as an investor, and comparing it to his public profile in medicine, this article traces the social and cultural histories of professional identity in late-Victorian and Edwardian London. Over the course of its arc, it demonstrates how medicine's public significance in this period was part of a broader, middle-class, professional culture concerned with the accrual of ‘virtual’ wealth, the construction of advantageous social networks, and the tapping of capital in multiple forms. In sum, Freyer's career reflects the symbolic meaning of publicly wielding a scalpel, whilst privately managing a portfolio of financial ledgers.
1921年9月去世时，彼得·约翰斯通·弗雷尔已经是一个非常富有的人了。在高威女王学院(Queen's College Galway)接受教育后，他的医疗生涯被印度的殖民服务所定义，并在伦敦的哈利街(Harley Street)建立了一家成功的外科和咨询公司。在公开场合，他职业生涯的这些特点使他被同时代的人描述为医学界最杰出的人物之一，并在他去世时被英国的报纸称为“伟大的外科医生”。然而，他的私人文件显示，他的医疗实践只占他物质成功的一小部分;他三分之二的财富来自于他作为金融市场投资者的技能，这种技能在私下里得到了锻炼。通过建立他作为投资者的历史，并将其与他在医学领域的公众形象进行比较，本文追溯了维多利亚晚期和爱德华七世时期伦敦职业身份的社会和文化历史。在整个过程中，它展示了医学在这一时期的公共意义是如何成为更广泛的中产阶级专业文化的一部分，这些文化与“虚拟”财富的积累、有利的社会网络的构建以及多种形式的资本开发有关。总而言之，弗雷耶的职业生涯反映了公开挥舞手术刀，同时私下管理财务分类账组合的象征意义。
{"title":"The Scalpel and the Ledger: Finance, Medicine and the Making of a Professional Life in Ireland, India and Britain, 1888–1921","authors":"Kieran Fitzpatrick, D. Cassidy","doi":"10.1177/03324893231187995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03324893231187995","url":null,"abstract":"By the time of his death in September 1921, Peter Johnstone Freyer was an extremely wealthy man. After an education at Queen's College Galway, his medical career had been defined by colonial service in India, and the establishment of a successful surgery and consultancy on London's Harley Street. In public, these hallmarks of his career led to him being described by his contemporaries as amongst medicine's most prominent figures, and as a ‘great surgeon’ by newspapers the length of and breadth of the United Kingdom on the occasion of his death. However, his private papers show that his medical practice was only responsible for a small part of his material success; two-thirds of his wealth was derived from his skill, exercised in private, as an investor in financial markets. By establishing his history as an investor, and comparing it to his public profile in medicine, this article traces the social and cultural histories of professional identity in late-Victorian and Edwardian London. Over the course of its arc, it demonstrates how medicine's public significance in this period was part of a broader, middle-class, professional culture concerned with the accrual of ‘virtual’ wealth, the construction of advantageous social networks, and the tapping of capital in multiple forms. In sum, Freyer's career reflects the symbolic meaning of publicly wielding a scalpel, whilst privately managing a portfolio of financial ledgers.","PeriodicalId":41191,"journal":{"name":"Irish Economic and Social History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41288828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-07DOI: 10.1177/03324893231161916
Joseph K. Fitzgerald, Brendan O'rourke
Histories of the development of professions show a profession's relationship with the state as key to its authority. Yet professions, to gain technocratic authority, also strive to depoliticise their discourses to gain technocratic authority. This dilemmatic tension is particularly true for the economics profession. The historical development of the Irish economics provides an interesting case, where a complicated relationship with the state ultimately strengthened the profession within a society. An initial formalisation trajectory of Irish economics was thrown off course by the formation of an independent Irish state in the 1920s. This marked a period of isolation for the profession and saw it ostracised from government policy. Subsequent developments also saw the Irish economists’ position as critics of government policy rather than a core part of the state.
{"title":"Watchdogs of the Economy: The Development of Irish Economics Profession's Independent Voice","authors":"Joseph K. Fitzgerald, Brendan O'rourke","doi":"10.1177/03324893231161916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03324893231161916","url":null,"abstract":"Histories of the development of professions show a profession's relationship with the state as key to its authority. Yet professions, to gain technocratic authority, also strive to depoliticise their discourses to gain technocratic authority. This dilemmatic tension is particularly true for the economics profession. The historical development of the Irish economics provides an interesting case, where a complicated relationship with the state ultimately strengthened the profession within a society. An initial formalisation trajectory of Irish economics was thrown off course by the formation of an independent Irish state in the 1920s. This marked a period of isolation for the profession and saw it ostracised from government policy. Subsequent developments also saw the Irish economists’ position as critics of government policy rather than a core part of the state.","PeriodicalId":41191,"journal":{"name":"Irish Economic and Social History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43465894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-17DOI: 10.1177/03324893231161924
Aoife Bhreatnach
Burying the very poor presented a recurring challenge to communities, parishes, and local government yet the burial practices of the destitute remain an understudied area of Irish funerary culture. ‘Friends’ – family and community who claimed bodies and petitioned for coffins – negotiated a network of private alms and publicly funded poor relief to secure burial for their dead. The city's medical schools, whose dissection of corpses was deeply unpopular, shaped institutional and private burial practices. After the Famine, the popular fear of dissection joined to a horror of the newly established workhouse burial grounds that physically segregated the institutional dead. Extensive claiming of corpses by friends and Anglican parishes from the workhouse in post-Famine Cork shows that the symbolic power of the pauper grave was manifest in the burial landscape rather than cheap coffins and common graves.
{"title":"Without a Friend? Burial of the Destitute Poor in Cork, 1830–1900","authors":"Aoife Bhreatnach","doi":"10.1177/03324893231161924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03324893231161924","url":null,"abstract":"Burying the very poor presented a recurring challenge to communities, parishes, and local government yet the burial practices of the destitute remain an understudied area of Irish funerary culture. ‘Friends’ – family and community who claimed bodies and petitioned for coffins – negotiated a network of private alms and publicly funded poor relief to secure burial for their dead. The city's medical schools, whose dissection of corpses was deeply unpopular, shaped institutional and private burial practices. After the Famine, the popular fear of dissection joined to a horror of the newly established workhouse burial grounds that physically segregated the institutional dead. Extensive claiming of corpses by friends and Anglican parishes from the workhouse in post-Famine Cork shows that the symbolic power of the pauper grave was manifest in the burial landscape rather than cheap coffins and common graves.","PeriodicalId":41191,"journal":{"name":"Irish Economic and Social History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44536327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-16DOI: 10.1177/03324893231161917
Suzanne Jobling
The Gender Pay Gap Information Act 2021 is the most recent legislative effort in the Republic of Ireland to address the enduring gender pay gap. However, why is the gender pay gap an enduring aspect of Irish working life? Since independence, economic factors combined with religious influences saw male employment prioritised and by the early 1970s Irish women's workplace representation and average pay compared to male workers was low. This article explores the provisions of, and circumstances surrounding the introduction of two of the first acts addressing employment equality - the Anti-Discrimination (Pay) Act 1974 and the Employment Equality Act 1977 and considers two contrasting equal pay cases and their impact. Five decades later, what insights does the legislation's introduction provide?
{"title":"‘The Impetus for Change’: Legislating for Equal Pay and Employment Equality in the Republic of Ireland in the 1970s","authors":"Suzanne Jobling","doi":"10.1177/03324893231161917","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03324893231161917","url":null,"abstract":"The Gender Pay Gap Information Act 2021 is the most recent legislative effort in the Republic of Ireland to address the enduring gender pay gap. However, why is the gender pay gap an enduring aspect of Irish working life? Since independence, economic factors combined with religious influences saw male employment prioritised and by the early 1970s Irish women's workplace representation and average pay compared to male workers was low. This article explores the provisions of, and circumstances surrounding the introduction of two of the first acts addressing employment equality - the Anti-Discrimination (Pay) Act 1974 and the Employment Equality Act 1977 and considers two contrasting equal pay cases and their impact. Five decades later, what insights does the legislation's introduction provide?","PeriodicalId":41191,"journal":{"name":"Irish Economic and Social History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48550923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-10DOI: 10.1177/03324893231161928
Kelly Adamson
During the Second World War (1939–1945), the rate that flour was extracted from wheat to make wholemeal bread was continuously increased to save wheat supplies in Ireland. Once the dangers of eating this bread became known, doctors and scientists advocated that extraction rates be reduced alongside the fortification of flour to counteract the potential side effects. Despite several calls for action, no changes were made until connections were drawn between calcium deficiency, rickets and tuberculosis (TB). This article uses flour as a case study to understand the complexities of introducing health policy at critical periods, such as war. While interest in public health was raised due to the war, the war also ensured that attempts at sound food policies were limited. Higher extraction rates temporarily relieved wartime pressures, but this had severe health effects on the wider population. By mapping flour extraction rates alongside the incidence of disease, this article argues that political short-terminism exacerbated public health problems as symbolised in the black loaf. It was the medical profession that managed to successfully encourage action on the sole basis that flour extraction had created a health crisis among children and the poor.
{"title":"‘Arán an Lae Amáireach’: Flour Extraction and Fortification in Emergency Ireland, 1939–1948","authors":"Kelly Adamson","doi":"10.1177/03324893231161928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03324893231161928","url":null,"abstract":"During the Second World War (1939–1945), the rate that flour was extracted from wheat to make wholemeal bread was continuously increased to save wheat supplies in Ireland. Once the dangers of eating this bread became known, doctors and scientists advocated that extraction rates be reduced alongside the fortification of flour to counteract the potential side effects. Despite several calls for action, no changes were made until connections were drawn between calcium deficiency, rickets and tuberculosis (TB). This article uses flour as a case study to understand the complexities of introducing health policy at critical periods, such as war. While interest in public health was raised due to the war, the war also ensured that attempts at sound food policies were limited. Higher extraction rates temporarily relieved wartime pressures, but this had severe health effects on the wider population. By mapping flour extraction rates alongside the incidence of disease, this article argues that political short-terminism exacerbated public health problems as symbolised in the black loaf. It was the medical profession that managed to successfully encourage action on the sole basis that flour extraction had created a health crisis among children and the poor.","PeriodicalId":41191,"journal":{"name":"Irish Economic and Social History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42677913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-09DOI: 10.1177/03324893231161927
Eoin Mclaughlin, P. Sharp, Xanthi Tsoukli, Christian Vedel
We present a microlevel database of Irish cooperative creameries covering the period 1897–1921. The data were hand collected from the annual reports of the Irish Agricultural Organisation Society (IAOS) and contain information from 531 creameries and covering 49 variables. We perform some initial analysis of the data, finding considerable heterogeneity in the productivity of creameries as measured by the milk/butter ratio. We focus on differences between the four historical provinces of Ireland, finding that the south of Ireland (the historical centre of butter production) was on average less productive than the north at the start of the period, although this changes after 1913, when Ulster becomes the least productive province. These results present interesting avenues for future work, given the IAOS’ focus on founding creameries in the north of the island.
{"title":"A Firm Level Database of Irish Creameries, 1897–1921","authors":"Eoin Mclaughlin, P. Sharp, Xanthi Tsoukli, Christian Vedel","doi":"10.1177/03324893231161927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03324893231161927","url":null,"abstract":"We present a microlevel database of Irish cooperative creameries covering the period 1897–1921. The data were hand collected from the annual reports of the Irish Agricultural Organisation Society (IAOS) and contain information from 531 creameries and covering 49 variables. We perform some initial analysis of the data, finding considerable heterogeneity in the productivity of creameries as measured by the milk/butter ratio. We focus on differences between the four historical provinces of Ireland, finding that the south of Ireland (the historical centre of butter production) was on average less productive than the north at the start of the period, although this changes after 1913, when Ulster becomes the least productive province. These results present interesting avenues for future work, given the IAOS’ focus on founding creameries in the north of the island.","PeriodicalId":41191,"journal":{"name":"Irish Economic and Social History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44449422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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