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Politics as Usual: Charles Edward Trevelyan and the Irish and Scottish Fisheries Before and During the Great Famine 政治一如既往:查尔斯·爱德华·特里维廉与大饥荒前后的爱尔兰和苏格兰渔业
IF 0.6 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-01-17 DOI: 10.1177/03324893211049539
J. Leazer
Since the Great Irish Famine a debate has raged concerning the culpability of the British government, especially in the person of Assistant Secretary of the Treasury Charles Edward Trevelyan, and its failure to come to the aid of the starving Irish. On one end of the debate, Trevelyan is accused of severe prejudice against the Irish, with some ultra-nationalists even accusing him of genocide. On the other end, Trevelyan is viewed simply as an ideologue intent on enforcing the Whig view of laissez-faire economics. However, a study of government involvement in the Irish and Scottish fishing industries shows that the political situation before and during the Famine was more complex than the traditional debate indicates. This paper argues that the government’s treatment of the Irish fisheries, which were in a dismal state compared to the Scots, had more to do with political realities that Trevelyan inherited and could not ignore.
自从爱尔兰大饥荒以来,一场关于英国政府的罪责的激烈辩论,尤其是以财政助理部长查尔斯·爱德华·特里维廉(Charles Edward Trevelyan)为代表的争论,以及英国政府未能帮助饥饿的爱尔兰人。在辩论的一端,特里维廉被指控对爱尔兰人有严重的偏见,一些极端民族主义者甚至指责他种族灭绝。另一方面,特里维廉被简单地看作是一个想要推行辉格党自由放任经济学观点的理论家。然而,一项关于政府参与爱尔兰和苏格兰渔业的研究表明,饥荒之前和期间的政治局势比传统辩论所表明的要复杂得多。本文认为,政府对爱尔兰渔业的处理,与苏格兰相比,处于惨淡状态,更多地与特里维廉继承的政治现实有关,不能忽视。
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引用次数: 0
‘Oh, Oh Rodeo!!’: American Cowboys and Post-Independence Ireland “哦,哦,罗迪欧!!”:美国牛仔和独立后的爱尔兰
IF 0.6 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-01-10 DOI: 10.1177/03324893211070241
Conor Heffernan
In 1924 Tex Austin, an American showman, brought his world travelling Rodeo to Croke Park in Dublin. Coming at a time of significant social and political upheaval in Ireland, Austin's rodeo promised an entirely new kind of spectacle which was free from imperial or British connotations. Austin's rodeo, and cowboy paraphernalia in general, seemed largely immune from cultural suspicions despite the fact that few citizens knew what a rodeo actually entailed. The purpose of the present article is twofold. First it provides a detailed examination of Tex Austin's Dublin Rodeo, and a growing proliferation of cowboy culture in interwar Ireland. Second, it uses Austin's Rodeo and its aftermath, to discuss the rise of cowboy masculinities in Ireland. Done to highlight the multiplicity of masculine identities in the Free State, the article discusses the appeal of cowboy inspired masculinity in Ireland, as well as the mediums through which it passed. Such an identity was not all encompassing but it did exist, and was sustained by the entertainment and leisure industry. Its study reiterates the need for more work on the various pressures and influences brought to bear on Irish masculinity.
1924年,美国表演者Tex Austin将他的世界巡回牛仔竞技带到了都柏林的克罗克公园。在爱尔兰发生重大社会和政治动荡之际,奥斯汀的牛仔竞技表演带来了一种全新的奇观,没有帝国或英国的含义。奥斯汀的牛仔竞技表演和牛仔用具似乎基本上不受文化怀疑的影响,尽管很少有市民知道牛仔竞技表演的实际含义。本条的目的有两个。首先,它详细考察了特克斯·奥斯汀的都柏林牛仔竞技,以及两次世界大战期间爱尔兰牛仔文化的日益繁荣。其次,它用奥斯汀的牛仔竞技及其后果来讨论爱尔兰牛仔男子气概的兴起。这篇文章强调了自由邦男性身份的多样性,讨论了牛仔风格的男性气质在爱尔兰的吸引力,以及它所通过的媒介。这种身份并非包罗万象,但它确实存在,并由娱乐和休闲行业维持。它的研究重申,需要对爱尔兰男子气概所承受的各种压力和影响进行更多的研究。
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引用次数: 0
Book Review: Crime, Violence, and the Irish in the Nineteenth Century by Kyle Hughes and Donald M. MacRaild (eds.) 《书评:十九世纪的犯罪、暴力和爱尔兰人》,凯尔·休斯和唐纳德·m·麦克雷德主编。
IF 0.6 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.1177/03324893211052455g
Kerron Ó Luain
study, epitomised by Conor Morrissey’s recent dedicated study of the subject (based on a PhD supervised appropriately by Fitzpatrick). The more substantial second part, ‘Disguises’, draws heavily on what Fitzpatrick identifies as Blythe’s journalism, although the reader will have to make up their own mind as to whether they are convinced by the evidence presented here for authorship of all the pieces attributed to him. In addition to the level of detail provided here on Blythe’s early career and emerging and changing political ideologies, this is a useful exercise in de-constructing the personal narratives left behind by protagonists in autobiographical works. Furthermore, it adds to our understanding of liberal unionism (or what remained of it) in Ulster around the time of the third home rule crisis and offers insights into both the value and limitations of the Edwardian Irish provincial press. The final section, ‘Explanations’, weighs up the evidence for nine different interpretations of Blythe’s duality. Was he merely acting as a diligent investigative reporter, keen to identify the goings-on in local branches of political secret societies? Was he unsure of his own political leanings at this stage of his life? These hypotheses are on the more innocent end of the scale, which ranges to the more extreme suggestions that he might have been a spy, double-agent or police informer. Irish historical biography, which has been traditionally under-developed, has progressed as a methodological genre within Irish historical studies more recently. However, this should not be mistaken for a biography of Blythe, and it does not purport to be such. Yet it provides significant background detail on a figure who would emerge as one of the most prominent shapers of government policy in the early years of independent Ireland and will serve as a vital starting point for any scholar willing to tackle the complexities of the later Blythe.
康纳·莫里西(Conor Morrissey)最近对这一主题的专门研究(基于菲茨帕特里克(Fitzpatrick)适当指导的博士学位)是这一研究的缩影。第二部分内容更为丰富,“伪装”,大量引用了菲茨帕特里克认为是布莱斯的新闻报道,尽管读者必须自己下定决心,是否相信这里提出的证据,认为所有的文章都是布莱斯写的。除了对布莱斯的早期职业生涯以及政治意识形态的形成和变化提供了详细的描述外,这本书还有助于解构自传体作品中主人公留下的个人叙述。此外,它增加了我们对第三次地方自治危机前后阿尔斯特的自由工会主义(或其残余)的理解,并提供了对爱德华七世时代爱尔兰省级媒体的价值和局限性的见解。最后一节,“解释”,权衡了对布莱斯二元性的九种不同解释的证据。他仅仅是一个勤奋的调查记者,热衷于查明地方政治秘密团体分支的活动吗?在他人生的这个阶段,他还不确定自己的政治倾向吗?这些假设都是相对无害的,也有一些更极端的说法,认为他可能是间谍、双面间谍或警方线人。爱尔兰历史传记,这一直是传统上欠发达,最近已经发展成为一种方法论流派在爱尔兰历史研究。然而,这本书不应该被误认为是布莱斯的传记,而且它也没有这样的意图。然而,它提供了一个重要的背景细节,这个人物将成为爱尔兰独立初期最重要的政府政策塑造者之一,对于任何愿意解决后期布莱斯的复杂性的学者来说,这将是一个重要的起点。
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引用次数: 0
Book Review: Protestant Nationalists in Ireland, 1900–1923 by Conor Morrissey 书评:爱尔兰新教民族主义者1900-1923,作者康纳·莫里西
IF 0.6 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.1177/03324893211052455i
Ian d’Alton
Peterloo Massacre and the Cato Street Conspiracy. By the 1870s, Ribbonism had become less shadowy and mainly found ‘expression in public national identification’ and ‘collective mutuality’ (p. 229). The book brings to light comical images from these years in the magazine Zozimus that poked fun at the constabulary’s exaggeration of the Ribbon threat. By the close of the century, Ribbon societies merged with the more open and respectable Ancient Order of Hibernians, which operated with the support of the Catholic Church. This important book advances our understanding of Ribbonism and how seriously the state considered the threat it presented, as well as Catholic politics and social organisation more widely in nineteenth-century Ireland and the diaspora. It demonstrates considerable levels of politicisation amongst urban and rural workers in nineteenth-century Ireland and emigrant centres during periods when more overtly nationalist movements were at a low ebb. The Ribbonmen may not have been staging rebellions and holding monster meetings, but they were engaged in regular acts of defiance and reformism, and their ‘low’ politics challenges the traditional nationalist narrative of the nineteenth century.
彼得卢大屠杀和卡托街阴谋。到19世纪70年代,丝带主义变得不那么阴暗,主要是“在公共民族认同”和“集体相互关系”中找到表达(第229页)。这本书揭示了这些年来《佐齐摩斯》杂志上的滑稽画面,这些画面取笑警察夸大了丝带的威胁。到19世纪末,丝带社团与更加开放和受人尊敬的古代希伯尼亚骑士团合并,后者在天主教会的支持下运作。这本重要的书促进了我们对丝带主义的理解,以及国家如何严肃地看待它所带来的威胁,以及天主教政治和社会组织在19世纪爱尔兰和流散的更广泛。它显示了19世纪爱尔兰城乡工人和移民中心相当程度的政治化,而当时更公开的民族主义运动处于低潮。缎带门可能没有发动叛乱或举行大型会议,但他们经常进行反抗和改革,他们的“低级”政治挑战了19世纪传统的民族主义叙事。
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引用次数: 0
Selected list of writings on Irish economic and social history published in 2020 2020年出版的爱尔兰经济和社会历史著作精选清单
IF 0.6 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.1177/03324893211052461
Thomas McGrath
ADELMAN, Juliana and O’NEILL, Ciaran. Love, consent, and the sexual script of a Victorian affair in Dublin. Journal of the History of Sexuality, 29:3, 388–417. ADELMAN, Juliana. Civilised by beasts: animals and urban change in nineteenthcentury Dublin. Manchester: Manchester University Press. AIKEN, Síobhra. ‘Sinn Féin permits... in the heels of their shoes’: Cumann na mBan emigrants and transatlantic revolutionary exchange. Irish Historical Studies, 44:165, 106–30. BARR, Colin. Ireland’s empire: the Roman Catholic Church in the English-speaking world, 1829–1914. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. BARR, Colin. The Devotional Revolution in greater Ireland. New Hibernia Review, 24:4, 79–97. BEAUMONT, Caitríona; CLANCY, Mary and RYAN, Louise. Networks as ‘laboratories of experience’: exploring the life cycle of the suffrage movement and its aftermath in Ireland 1870–1937. Women’s History Review, 29:6, 1054–74. BENNETT, Charlotte. ‘Help to win the war’ or ‘Ireland above all’?: Remobilisation, politics, and elite boys’ education in Ireland, 1917–18. Irish Historical Studies, 44:166, 326–48. BILLINGS, Cathal. ‘Can Irishmen not take a lesson from the Boer?’: the Gaelic League ideal and the Boer War, 1899–1902. Australasian Journal of Irish Studies, 20, 38–58. BLACK, Lynsey. The pathologisation of women who kill: three cases from Ireland. Social History of Medicine, 33:22, 417–37. BOURKE, Joanna. The mocking of Margaret and the misfortune of Mary: sexual violence in Irish history, 1830s to the 1890s. Canadian Journal of Irish Studies, 43, 16–36. BOWMAN, Timothy; BUTLER, William and WHEATLEY, Michael. The disparity of sacrifice: Irish recruitment to the British Armed Forces, 1914–1918. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press. BRADLEY DAVIS, Helene; CALLAGHAN, Ursula and CRONIN, Maura. Are ye going up town?: Shops and shopping in Limerick. Limerick: Limerick Printing. Bibliography
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引用次数: 0
Book Review: An Ulster Slave-owner in the Revolutionary Atlantic: The Life and Letters of John Black by Jonathan Jeffrey Wright (ed.) 书评:革命大西洋中的阿尔斯特奴隶主:约翰·布莱克的生活和信件,乔纳森·杰弗里·赖特著(编)
IF 0.6 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.1177/03324893211052455n
Patrick Walsh
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引用次数: 0
Book Review: Women of the Country House in Ireland, 1860–1914 by Maeve O’Riordan 书评:《爱尔兰乡村之家的女人,1860–1914》,作者:Maeve O'Riordan
IF 0.6 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.1177/03324893211052455j
Jennifer Redmond
O’Kane, the Ulster IRA fighter Rory Graham was ‘a sort of white-blackbird’; George Irvine, who had become vice-commandant of 1st Battalion Dublin Brigade of the IRA was to his co-religionists ‘an iconoclast, who sought rupture with the past’ (pp. 184, 185). Finding a valued place for Protestant nationalism within the dominant political narrative of early twentieth-century Ireland was virtually impossible. Promoting the notion, as Irvine later did, that Protestants were the inspiration for Irish republicanism while Catholics were traditionally loyal to the Crown, was as ingenious as it was insulting to all sides. In this balanced and timely book, Morrissey’s first conclusion is, unsurprisingly, that religious denomination is central in early twentieth-century Ireland, and that political culture had to bend to that reality. His second is that ‘individual historical actors...can often be best understood in relation to the formal and informal networks they inhabited’ (p. 223). This is particularly significant when there were so few of these ‘individual historical actors’. Finally, he emphasizes the significance of this nationalist counterculture in a largely monolithic society. If it contributed anything, Protestant nationalism perhaps provided a narrow bridge across which each tribe could travel into the other’s territory – if they wanted to.
奥凯恩,阿尔斯特爱尔兰共和军战士罗里·格雷厄姆是“一种白黑鸟”;乔治·欧文(George Irvine)成为爱尔兰共和军都柏林旅第一营的副指挥官,对他的同宗教徒来说,他是“一个寻求与过去决裂的偶像破坏者”(第184185页)。在20世纪初爱尔兰占主导地位的政治叙事中,为新教民族主义找到一个有价值的位置几乎是不可能的。正如欧文后来所做的那样,宣扬新教徒是爱尔兰共和主义的灵感来源,而天主教徒传统上忠于王室的观点,既巧妙又侮辱各方。在这本平衡而及时的书中,莫里西的第一个结论是,毫不奇怪,宗教派别是20世纪初爱尔兰的中心,政治文化必须向这一现实屈服。他的第二个观点是“个别历史行动者。。。通常可以从他们居住的正式和非正式网络中得到最好的理解”(第223页)。当这些“个体历史行动者”如此之少时,这一点尤为重要。最后,他强调了这种民族主义反主流文化在一个基本上铁板一块的社会中的重要性。如果说新教民族主义有什么贡献的话,它可能提供了一座狭窄的桥梁,每个部落都可以通过这座桥梁进入对方的领土——如果他们愿意的话。
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引用次数: 0
Book Review: Gaelic Ulster in the Middle Ages: History, Culture and Society by Katharine Simms 书评:《中世纪盖尔人阿尔斯特:历史、文化与社会》凯瑟琳·西姆斯著
IF 0.6 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.1177/03324893211052455k
E. Darcy
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引用次数: 0
Book Review: Early Medieval Ireland, 431–1169 by Matthew Stout 书评:《中世纪早期爱尔兰,431-1169》,作者马修·斯托特
IF 0.6 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.1177/03324893211052455l
M. Potterton
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引用次数: 0
Book Review: Landholding in the New English Settlement of Hacketstown, Co. Carlow, 1635–1875 by Oliver Whelan 《书评:哈茨敦新英格兰定居点的土地占有》,卡洛,1635-1875,奥利弗·惠兰著
IF 0.6 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.1177/03324893211052455m
Brian Griffin
(Dublin: Four Courts Press, 2019, 62 pp., €9.95 paperback) Kerron Ó Luain, Rathcoole and the United Irish Rebellions, 1798–1803 (Dublin: Four Courts Press, 2019, 71 pp., €9.95 paperback); Mary Breen, Waterford Port and Harbour, 1815–42 (Dublin: Four Courts Press, 2019, 67 pp., €9.95 paperback) Suzanne Leeson, The Kirwan Murder Case, 1852: A Glimpse of the Protestant Middle Class in the Mid-Nineteenth Century (Dublin: Four Courts Press, 2019, 58 pp., €9.95 paperback) Fergus O’Ferrall, John Ferrall: Master of Sligo Workhouse, 1852–66 (Dublin: Four Courts Press, 2019, 61 pp., €9.95 paperback)
(都柏林:四法院出版社,2019年,62页,9.95欧元平装)Kerron Ó Luain, Rathcoole和爱尔兰联合叛乱,1798-1803年(都柏林:四法院出版社,2019年,71页,9.95欧元平装);玛丽·布林,沃特福德港口和港口,1815年至1842年(都柏林:四法院出版社,2019年,67页,9.95欧元平装)苏珊娜·李森,柯文谋杀案,1852年:瞥见新教中产阶级在19世纪中期(都柏林:四法院出版社,2019年,58页,9.95欧元平装)费格斯·奥费雷尔,约翰·费雷尔:斯莱戈济贫院的大师,1852年至1866年(都柏林:四法院出版社,2019年,61页,9.95欧元平装)
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Irish Economic and Social History
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