Enrico Munari, Mirko Morini, M. Pinelli, K. Brun, S. Simons, R. Kurz, J. Moore
Despite advancements in research and industry, compressors still have to operate in the stable region of the characteristic curves otherwise, at low flow ranges, they enter an unstable regime. The worst instability that can arise in industrial compressors is called surge, which involves the whole system in view of the fact that it generates dangerous pressure and mass flow fluctuations. Thus, this phenomenon has to be prevented since it implies the deterioration of performance and leads to mechanical damage to the compressor and system components. It is clear that, currently, compression system models have a crucial role in predicting the phenomena which can occur in the compressor and pipelines during operation. In this paper, a dynamic model, developed in the Matlab/Simulink environment, is further implemented to allow the study of surge events caused by rapid transients, such as emergency shutdown events (ESD). The aim is to validate the experimental data obtained in a single stage centrifugal compressor installed in the test facility at Southwest Research Institute. The test facility consists of a closed loop system and is characterized by a recycling circuit, and thus a recycling valve, which is opened in case of surge or driver shutdown. In this work, the recycling circuit is implemented in the model as well, and comparisons between recorded data and simulations were carried out. Moreover, different actions for recovering/preventing surge are simulated by controlling different valves along the piping system and by adding a check valve immediately downstream the compressor. The results demonstrated the fidelity of the model and its capability of simulating piping systems with different configurations and components, also showing, qualitatively, the different effects of some alternative actions which can be taken after surge onset.
{"title":"An Advanced Surge Dynamic Model for Simulating ESD Events and Comparing Different Anti-Surge Strategies","authors":"Enrico Munari, Mirko Morini, M. Pinelli, K. Brun, S. Simons, R. Kurz, J. Moore","doi":"10.1115/GT2018-76179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/GT2018-76179","url":null,"abstract":"Despite advancements in research and industry, compressors still have to operate in the stable region of the characteristic curves otherwise, at low flow ranges, they enter an unstable regime. The worst instability that can arise in industrial compressors is called surge, which involves the whole system in view of the fact that it generates dangerous pressure and mass flow fluctuations. Thus, this phenomenon has to be prevented since it implies the deterioration of performance and leads to mechanical damage to the compressor and system components.\u0000 It is clear that, currently, compression system models have a crucial role in predicting the phenomena which can occur in the compressor and pipelines during operation.\u0000 In this paper, a dynamic model, developed in the Matlab/Simulink environment, is further implemented to allow the study of surge events caused by rapid transients, such as emergency shutdown events (ESD). The aim is to validate the experimental data obtained in a single stage centrifugal compressor installed in the test facility at Southwest Research Institute. The test facility consists of a closed loop system and is characterized by a recycling circuit, and thus a recycling valve, which is opened in case of surge or driver shutdown. In this work, the recycling circuit is implemented in the model as well, and comparisons between recorded data and simulations were carried out. Moreover, different actions for recovering/preventing surge are simulated by controlling different valves along the piping system and by adding a check valve immediately downstream the compressor.\u0000 The results demonstrated the fidelity of the model and its capability of simulating piping systems with different configurations and components, also showing, qualitatively, the different effects of some alternative actions which can be taken after surge onset.","PeriodicalId":412490,"journal":{"name":"Volume 9: Oil and Gas Applications; Supercritical CO2 Power Cycles; Wind Energy","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129561434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Vesely, K. Manikantachari, Subith S. Vasu, J. Kapat, Václav Dostál, Scott Martin
With the increasing demand for electric power, the development of new power generation technologies is gaining increased attention. The supercritical carbon dioxide (S-CO2) cycle is one such technology, which has relatively high efficiency, compactness, and potentially could provide complete carbon capture. The S-CO2 cycle technology is adaptable for almost all of the existing heat sources such as solar, geothermal, fossil, nuclear power plants, and waste heat recovery systems. However, it is known that, optimal combinations of: operating conditions, equipment, working fluid, and cycle layout determine the maximum achievable efficiency of a cycle. Within an S-CO2 cycle the compression device is of critical importance as it is operating near the critical point of CO2. However, near the critical point, the thermo-physical properties of CO2 are highly sensitive to changes of pressure and temperature. Therefore, the conditions of CO2 at the compressor inlet are critical in the design of such cycles. Also, the impurity species diluted within the S-CO2 will cause deviation from an ideal S-CO2 cycle as these impurities will change the thermodynamic properties of the working fluid. Accordingly the current work examines the effects of different impurity compositions, considering binary mixtures of CO2 and: He, CO, O2, N2, H2, CH4, or H2S; on various S-CO2 cycle components. The second part of the study focuses on the calculation of the basic cycles and component efficiencies. The results of this study will provide guidance and defines the optimal composition of mixtures for compressors and coolers.
{"title":"Effect of Mixtures on Compressor and Cooler in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Cycles","authors":"L. Vesely, K. Manikantachari, Subith S. Vasu, J. Kapat, Václav Dostál, Scott Martin","doi":"10.1115/GT2018-75568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/GT2018-75568","url":null,"abstract":"With the increasing demand for electric power, the development of new power generation technologies is gaining increased attention. The supercritical carbon dioxide (S-CO2) cycle is one such technology, which has relatively high efficiency, compactness, and potentially could provide complete carbon capture. The S-CO2 cycle technology is adaptable for almost all of the existing heat sources such as solar, geothermal, fossil, nuclear power plants, and waste heat recovery systems. However, it is known that, optimal combinations of: operating conditions, equipment, working fluid, and cycle layout determine the maximum achievable efficiency of a cycle. Within an S-CO2 cycle the compression device is of critical importance as it is operating near the critical point of CO2. However, near the critical point, the thermo-physical properties of CO2 are highly sensitive to changes of pressure and temperature. Therefore, the conditions of CO2 at the compressor inlet are critical in the design of such cycles. Also, the impurity species diluted within the S-CO2 will cause deviation from an ideal S-CO2 cycle as these impurities will change the thermodynamic properties of the working fluid. Accordingly the current work examines the effects of different impurity compositions, considering binary mixtures of CO2 and: He, CO, O2, N2, H2, CH4, or H2S; on various S-CO2 cycle components. The second part of the study focuses on the calculation of the basic cycles and component efficiencies. The results of this study will provide guidance and defines the optimal composition of mixtures for compressors and coolers.","PeriodicalId":412490,"journal":{"name":"Volume 9: Oil and Gas Applications; Supercritical CO2 Power Cycles; Wind Energy","volume":"878 19","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120878623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Badak LNG Plant Bontang have succeeded in mixing different brands of turbomachinery lube oil ISO VG32 which intended to increase flexibility of lube oil usage and eliminate to one brand dependency during operational. The methodology referred to ASTM D7155 Standard Practice for Evaluating Compatibility of Mixtures of Turbine Lubricating Oils and ASTM D4378 Standard Practice for In-Service Monitoring of Mineral Turbine Oils for Steam, Gas and Combined Cycle Turbines. The study was started from lube oil compatibility test at laboratory. After that, a ratio 70:30 of ISO VG32 existing lube oil (DTE Light) and new lube oil (Turbolube XT32) were mixed and trialed to Fuel Gas Compressor and its Turbine Driver. Lube oil and equipment operating parameter such as viscosity, color, water content, total acid number, foaming tendency, oxidation, metal content, flash point, bearing temperature, filter differential pressure, and vibration were collected and compared to baseline data to analyze deterioration indication of lube oil. As long as eight month trial test, there was no deterioration indication of lube oil mixture and no significant influence to the equipment operating performance. Badak LNG have decided to continue lube oil mixing.
{"title":"Learning From Success Mixing Different Brands of Turbomachinery Lube Oil ISO VG32 at Badak LNG Plant Bontang","authors":"A. Junaedi","doi":"10.1115/GT2018-75628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/GT2018-75628","url":null,"abstract":"Badak LNG Plant Bontang have succeeded in mixing different brands of turbomachinery lube oil ISO VG32 which intended to increase flexibility of lube oil usage and eliminate to one brand dependency during operational. The methodology referred to ASTM D7155 Standard Practice for Evaluating Compatibility of Mixtures of Turbine Lubricating Oils and ASTM D4378 Standard Practice for In-Service Monitoring of Mineral Turbine Oils for Steam, Gas and Combined Cycle Turbines. The study was started from lube oil compatibility test at laboratory. After that, a ratio 70:30 of ISO VG32 existing lube oil (DTE Light) and new lube oil (Turbolube XT32) were mixed and trialed to Fuel Gas Compressor and its Turbine Driver. Lube oil and equipment operating parameter such as viscosity, color, water content, total acid number, foaming tendency, oxidation, metal content, flash point, bearing temperature, filter differential pressure, and vibration were collected and compared to baseline data to analyze deterioration indication of lube oil. As long as eight month trial test, there was no deterioration indication of lube oil mixture and no significant influence to the equipment operating performance. Badak LNG have decided to continue lube oil mixing.","PeriodicalId":412490,"journal":{"name":"Volume 9: Oil and Gas Applications; Supercritical CO2 Power Cycles; Wind Energy","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125414725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Flow maldistribution in microchannel heat exchanger (MCHEs) can negatively impact heat exchanger effectiveness. Several rules of thumb exist about designing for uniform flow, but very little data are published to support these claims. In this work, complementary experiments and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of MCHEs enable a solid understanding of flow uniformity to a higher level of detail than previously seen. Experiments provide a validation data source to assess CFD predictive capability. The traditional semi-circular header geometry is tested. Experiments are carried out in a clear acrylic MCHE and water flow is measured optically with particle image velocimetry. CFD boundary conditions are matched to those in the experiment and the outputs, specifically velocity and turbulent kinetic energy profiles, are compared.
{"title":"Microchannel Heat Exchanger Flow Validation Study","authors":"B. Lance, M. Carlson","doi":"10.1115/GT2018-77197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/GT2018-77197","url":null,"abstract":"Flow maldistribution in microchannel heat exchanger (MCHEs) can negatively impact heat exchanger effectiveness. Several rules of thumb exist about designing for uniform flow, but very little data are published to support these claims. In this work, complementary experiments and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of MCHEs enable a solid understanding of flow uniformity to a higher level of detail than previously seen. Experiments provide a validation data source to assess CFD predictive capability. The traditional semi-circular header geometry is tested. Experiments are carried out in a clear acrylic MCHE and water flow is measured optically with particle image velocimetry. CFD boundary conditions are matched to those in the experiment and the outputs, specifically velocity and turbulent kinetic energy profiles, are compared.","PeriodicalId":412490,"journal":{"name":"Volume 9: Oil and Gas Applications; Supercritical CO2 Power Cycles; Wind Energy","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133989444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fausto Carlevaro, S. Cioncolini, Marzia Sepe, Ilaria Parrella, C. Allegorico, Laura De Stefanis, Maria Mastroianni, Ernesto Escobedo
Several operating parameters for the control and protection of the units are acquired by the control and protection systems used in industrial applications. The use of these parameters in conjunction of physical models, empirical models and transfer functions (that represent digital replicas of the engine) allows for a broader scope of condition monitoring, taking into account the wing to wing process which spans from data acquisition to end user actionable insight. This paper describes 3 specific cases: 1) an algorithm based on the performance model of the overall GT used to monitor the axial compressor degradation and optimize the planned axial compressor water wash of an aero-derivative GT; 2) an analytic based on the flow function physic model used to monitor the clogging of the fuel nozzles in a heavy duty GT and to plan their maintenance; 3) an analytic based on a hybrid model used to monitor the axial thrust acting on a roller bearing of an aero-derivative GT and used to verify the status of the bearing and to plan its maintenance. Moreover, the paper provides details about the evaluation of the measurements, describes the model accuracy and explains how the results obtained are affected by these uncertainties and the methods used to mitigate these uncertainties. In addition, this paper shows a method to aggregate and weigh the monitoring of each single component and its own status into an overall health view.
{"title":"Use of Operating Parameters, Digital Replicas and Models for Condition Monitoring and Improved Equipment Health","authors":"Fausto Carlevaro, S. Cioncolini, Marzia Sepe, Ilaria Parrella, C. Allegorico, Laura De Stefanis, Maria Mastroianni, Ernesto Escobedo","doi":"10.1115/GT2018-76849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/GT2018-76849","url":null,"abstract":"Several operating parameters for the control and protection of the units are acquired by the control and protection systems used in industrial applications. The use of these parameters in conjunction of physical models, empirical models and transfer functions (that represent digital replicas of the engine) allows for a broader scope of condition monitoring, taking into account the wing to wing process which spans from data acquisition to end user actionable insight. This paper describes 3 specific cases: 1) an algorithm based on the performance model of the overall GT used to monitor the axial compressor degradation and optimize the planned axial compressor water wash of an aero-derivative GT; 2) an analytic based on the flow function physic model used to monitor the clogging of the fuel nozzles in a heavy duty GT and to plan their maintenance; 3) an analytic based on a hybrid model used to monitor the axial thrust acting on a roller bearing of an aero-derivative GT and used to verify the status of the bearing and to plan its maintenance. Moreover, the paper provides details about the evaluation of the measurements, describes the model accuracy and explains how the results obtained are affected by these uncertainties and the methods used to mitigate these uncertainties. In addition, this paper shows a method to aggregate and weigh the monitoring of each single component and its own status into an overall health view.","PeriodicalId":412490,"journal":{"name":"Volume 9: Oil and Gas Applications; Supercritical CO2 Power Cycles; Wind Energy","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128444095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Today, Vortex Generators (VGs) are becoming an integral part of a Wind Turbine blade design. However, the challenges that are involved in the computation of the flow around VGs are yet to be dealt with in a satisfactory manner. A large number of VG models for flow solvers have been proposed and among them, the BAY model is one of the most popular for its ease of use and relatively low requirements for user input. In the present paper, a thorough investigation on the performance and application of the BAY model for aerodynamic Vortex Generator flows is presented. A Fully Resolved Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes simulation is validated against experiments and then used as the benchmark for the BAY model simulations. The Benchmark case is the flow past a wind turbine airfoil at Reynolds number 0.87e6. When the grid related errors are excluded, it is found that in the model simulations, the generated vortices are weaker than in the fully resolved computation. The latter finding is linked to an inherent deficiency of the model, which is explained in detail. As the vortex generation mechanism is different between the fully resolved and the BAY model simulation, so is the vortex evolution and interaction, even on the same numerical mesh. With regards to grid dependence, the integral BAY force depends on both grid density and grid architecture.
{"title":"On the Application of the Bay Model for Vortex Generator Flows","authors":"M. Manolesos, G. Papadakis, S. Voutsinas","doi":"10.1115/GT2018-75217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/GT2018-75217","url":null,"abstract":"Today, Vortex Generators (VGs) are becoming an integral part of a Wind Turbine blade design. However, the challenges that are involved in the computation of the flow around VGs are yet to be dealt with in a satisfactory manner. A large number of VG models for flow solvers have been proposed and among them, the BAY model is one of the most popular for its ease of use and relatively low requirements for user input.\u0000 In the present paper, a thorough investigation on the performance and application of the BAY model for aerodynamic Vortex Generator flows is presented. A Fully Resolved Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes simulation is validated against experiments and then used as the benchmark for the BAY model simulations. The Benchmark case is the flow past a wind turbine airfoil at Reynolds number 0.87e6. When the grid related errors are excluded, it is found that in the model simulations, the generated vortices are weaker than in the fully resolved computation. The latter finding is linked to an inherent deficiency of the model, which is explained in detail. As the vortex generation mechanism is different between the fully resolved and the BAY model simulation, so is the vortex evolution and interaction, even on the same numerical mesh. With regards to grid dependence, the integral BAY force depends on both grid density and grid architecture.","PeriodicalId":412490,"journal":{"name":"Volume 9: Oil and Gas Applications; Supercritical CO2 Power Cycles; Wind Energy","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122539002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Primary energy consumption of diesel engines is increasing rapidly and strict emission standards are introduced by the government. Interests in engine waste heat recovery have been renewed to alleviate the energy shortage and emission issues. Supercritical CO2 (S-CO2) cycle has emerged as a promising method considering its compact structure and system safety level in addition to the environmental friendly characteristics. This paper explores the potential of using S-CO2 cycle system for engine waste heat recovery. Both heat load from the low temperature jacket cooling water and the high temperature engine exhaust gas are intended to be recovered. In the original system, the jacket cooling water is used to preheat the S-CO2 working fluid and the engine exhaust gas is utilized in the preheater. As an optimized scheme, system with two preheaters is presented. The engine exhaust gas is further cooled in a high temperature preheater after the jacket cooling water in the low temperature preheater. The available heat load from these two heat sources can be entirely recovered. However, the increasing preheating temperature suppresses the regeneration effect. A regeneration branch is then added in the system. Part of the S-CO2 working fluid from the compressor goes into a low temperature regenerator and then converges with the other part from the two preheats. A deeper utilization of the regeneration heat load is achieved and performance enhancement of the S-CO2 cycle system is expected. The maximum net power output of the system with regeneration branch reaches 82.8 kW, which results in an 8.5% increment on the engine power output.
{"title":"Investigation of Engine Waste Heat Recovery Using Supercritical CO2(S-CO2) Cycle System","authors":"Jian Song, Xiao-dong Ren, C. Gu","doi":"10.1115/GT2018-75914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/GT2018-75914","url":null,"abstract":"Primary energy consumption of diesel engines is increasing rapidly and strict emission standards are introduced by the government. Interests in engine waste heat recovery have been renewed to alleviate the energy shortage and emission issues. Supercritical CO2 (S-CO2) cycle has emerged as a promising method considering its compact structure and system safety level in addition to the environmental friendly characteristics. This paper explores the potential of using S-CO2 cycle system for engine waste heat recovery. Both heat load from the low temperature jacket cooling water and the high temperature engine exhaust gas are intended to be recovered. In the original system, the jacket cooling water is used to preheat the S-CO2 working fluid and the engine exhaust gas is utilized in the preheater. As an optimized scheme, system with two preheaters is presented. The engine exhaust gas is further cooled in a high temperature preheater after the jacket cooling water in the low temperature preheater. The available heat load from these two heat sources can be entirely recovered. However, the increasing preheating temperature suppresses the regeneration effect. A regeneration branch is then added in the system. Part of the S-CO2 working fluid from the compressor goes into a low temperature regenerator and then converges with the other part from the two preheats. A deeper utilization of the regeneration heat load is achieved and performance enhancement of the S-CO2 cycle system is expected. The maximum net power output of the system with regeneration branch reaches 82.8 kW, which results in an 8.5% increment on the engine power output.","PeriodicalId":412490,"journal":{"name":"Volume 9: Oil and Gas Applications; Supercritical CO2 Power Cycles; Wind Energy","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125383923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper outlines the simulation, evaluation, and implementation of an electrically-driven seal gas booster in a tandem dry seal application. The electric boost compressor makes it feasible to supply seal gas to a process compressor’s seals during indefinite pressurized hold. Extended pressurized hold times reduce gas compressor station hydrocarbon emissions by reducing the number of unplanned compressor depressurization events. Traditional pneumatic seal gas boosters require regular depressurized maintenance intervals. The paper addresses the overall decrease in utility demand of the electric seal gas booster when compared to a pneumatic seal gas booster. The total cost difference between the two systems was determined for both initial investment and operational cost. A steady-state simulation of a single impeller centrifugal boost compressor, within a package dry seal gas system utilizing differential pressure control to regulate seal gas flow, was conducted to evaluate overall system performance, design requirements, and constraints. The simulation validated a system design. The design was installed in an operational gas transmission compressor’s seal system for performance monitoring. The field testing data was compared to simulation output parameters to validate the simulation and confirm key performance characteristics. Additional process conditions and multi-body process compressor configurations were evaluated through simulation. The use of differential pressure control, when compared to a flow control for seal gas regulation, has some key differentiating characteristics with regards to implementation of the electric seal gas booster in a package dry seal system [1, 2]. Seal gas source location, supplied internally or externally, is an important consideration for the system’s performance. Continuous operational with the electric seal gas booster requires additional control strategies to manage the process compressor case pressure.
{"title":"Design, Modeling, and Implementation of an Electrically-Driven Seal Gas Booster","authors":"Garceau Sean, J. S. Bowen","doi":"10.1115/GT2018-77006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/GT2018-77006","url":null,"abstract":"This paper outlines the simulation, evaluation, and implementation of an electrically-driven seal gas booster in a tandem dry seal application. The electric boost compressor makes it feasible to supply seal gas to a process compressor’s seals during indefinite pressurized hold. Extended pressurized hold times reduce gas compressor station hydrocarbon emissions by reducing the number of unplanned compressor depressurization events. Traditional pneumatic seal gas boosters require regular depressurized maintenance intervals. The paper addresses the overall decrease in utility demand of the electric seal gas booster when compared to a pneumatic seal gas booster. The total cost difference between the two systems was determined for both initial investment and operational cost.\u0000 A steady-state simulation of a single impeller centrifugal boost compressor, within a package dry seal gas system utilizing differential pressure control to regulate seal gas flow, was conducted to evaluate overall system performance, design requirements, and constraints. The simulation validated a system design. The design was installed in an operational gas transmission compressor’s seal system for performance monitoring. The field testing data was compared to simulation output parameters to validate the simulation and confirm key performance characteristics. Additional process conditions and multi-body process compressor configurations were evaluated through simulation.\u0000 The use of differential pressure control, when compared to a flow control for seal gas regulation, has some key differentiating characteristics with regards to implementation of the electric seal gas booster in a package dry seal system [1, 2]. Seal gas source location, supplied internally or externally, is an important consideration for the system’s performance. Continuous operational with the electric seal gas booster requires additional control strategies to manage the process compressor case pressure.","PeriodicalId":412490,"journal":{"name":"Volume 9: Oil and Gas Applications; Supercritical CO2 Power Cycles; Wind Energy","volume":"171 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131606043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Bartholomay, D. Marten, Mariano Sánchez Martínez, J. Alber, G. Pechlivanoglou, C. Nayeri, C. Paschereit, Annette Claudia Klein, T. Lutz, E. Krämer
In the current paper a method to correct cross-talk effects for strain-gauge measurements is presented. The method is demonstrated on an experimental horizontal axis wind turbine. The procedure takes cross-moments (flap-wise on edgewise moments and vice versa) as well as axial acceleration into account. The results from the experimental setup are compared to numerical URANS calculations and the medium-fidelity code Qblade for a baseline case and two yawed inflow situations.
{"title":"Cross-Talk Compensation for Blade Root Flap- and Edgewise Moments on an Experimental Research Wind Turbine and Comparison to Numerical Results","authors":"S. Bartholomay, D. Marten, Mariano Sánchez Martínez, J. Alber, G. Pechlivanoglou, C. Nayeri, C. Paschereit, Annette Claudia Klein, T. Lutz, E. Krämer","doi":"10.1115/GT2018-76977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/GT2018-76977","url":null,"abstract":"In the current paper a method to correct cross-talk effects for strain-gauge measurements is presented. The method is demonstrated on an experimental horizontal axis wind turbine. The procedure takes cross-moments (flap-wise on edgewise moments and vice versa) as well as axial acceleration into account. The results from the experimental setup are compared to numerical URANS calculations and the medium-fidelity code Qblade for a baseline case and two yawed inflow situations.","PeriodicalId":412490,"journal":{"name":"Volume 9: Oil and Gas Applications; Supercritical CO2 Power Cycles; Wind Energy","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130604302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A good prediction of the failure ratio of wind turbine components is pivotal in order to define a correct maintenance program and reduce the downtime periods. Even a small failure can lead to long downtime periods and high repairing costs. The installation sites, which generally have limited accessibility, and the necessity of special facilities to reach the components inside the nacelle, also play a major role in the correct management of wind turbines. In this study, a detailed survey on the failures occurred to the wind turbines managed by the Italian operator “e2i energie speciali” (more than 550 machines) over 16 years was performed and the results were analyzed in detail. Each failure was classified by considering the damaged component and the related downtime period. The analysis allowed the determination of several useful results such as the trend of failure occurrence with machine age and the identification of components and macro-components which are more critical in terms of both number of occurrences and downtime periods. The combination of component failure occurrences and related downtime periods was also computed to estimate which component is most critical for wind turbine operation.
为了制定正确的维护计划和减少停机时间，对风力发电机组部件的故障率进行预测是至关重要的。即使是一个小故障也会导致长时间的停机时间和高昂的维修成本。安装地点通常具有有限的可达性，并且需要特殊设施才能到达机舱内的部件，这对风力涡轮机的正确管理也起着重要作用。在这项研究中，对意大利运营商“e2i energy speciali”(550多台机器)16年来管理的风力涡轮机发生的故障进行了详细调查，并对结果进行了详细分析。根据损坏的部件和相关的停机时间对每个故障进行分类。分析允许确定几个有用的结果，如故障发生的趋势与机器的年龄和识别部件和宏观部件，这是更关键的出现次数和停机时间。还计算了组件故障发生率和相关停机时间的组合，以估计哪个组件对风力涡轮机运行最关键。
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