Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.53549/27132374_2023_4_1_1
V. A. Yevseyev
{"title":"Time as Social, Calendar-ritual, Everyday in the Perception of the English Citizen of the XV century (using Coventry as an example)","authors":"V. A. Yevseyev","doi":"10.53549/27132374_2023_4_1_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53549/27132374_2023_4_1_1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41257,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Permskogo Universiteta-Istoriya-Perm University Herald-History","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88700101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.53549/27132374_2023_4_1_6
Ivan Sergeevich Pustovoit
{"title":"S. S. Uvarov's Personnel Policy and the Formation of Scientific Schools in St.-Petersburg University during the 1810s - early 1820s","authors":"Ivan Sergeevich Pustovoit","doi":"10.53549/27132374_2023_4_1_6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53549/27132374_2023_4_1_6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41257,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Permskogo Universiteta-Istoriya-Perm University Herald-History","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75183799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.17072/2219-3111-2023-3-28-44
А. А. Kosmovskaya
The salaries of the tavern, customs and office fees in the Kama region in the 1730s–1770s were studied. An analysis of salaries in the Perm province makes it possible to identify the importance of individual fees in the overall structure of income, assess the tax burden on the population, and study other economic aspects of the functioning of provincial and voivodeship offices of the Kama region as the main agents of the central government at the local level. Based on the materials from the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts, data on the receipt of main fees was restored, and conclusions were drawn about the evolution of salaries. During the period under study until the mid-1760s, salaries changed insignificantly. Subsequently, there was a tendency towards an increase in tavern wine collections and a decrease in petty stationery collections. The wine tavern fees came to the budget in the amount of about 15 thousand rubles. Other tavern fees, “newly imposed” by the decrees of 1750 and 1756, were taken into account separately in the documentation. They were collected in a comparable amount to a salary. Since 1767, tax revenues from salaries of taverns have increased several times. Non-salary fees during certain periods could come to the office in the amount of the salary. Provincial administrators included money sent from the Solikamsk voivodeship office for different years, milking, real money and other fees in them. By the end of the current year, the salary funds were rarely collected in full; the addition took place in the first months of the next year. The author concludes that by 1780, cash receipts increased significantly compared to the early 18th century. The structure of the collections became less diverse, and the main part was made up of income from the sale of wine.
{"title":"TAXES IN THE KAMA REGION IN THE 1730S–1770S: RECONSTRUCTING THE AMOUNT OF TAXES COLLECTED","authors":"А. А. Kosmovskaya","doi":"10.17072/2219-3111-2023-3-28-44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17072/2219-3111-2023-3-28-44","url":null,"abstract":"The salaries of the tavern, customs and office fees in the Kama region in the 1730s–1770s were studied. An analysis of salaries in the Perm province makes it possible to identify the importance of individual fees in the overall structure of income, assess the tax burden on the population, and study other economic aspects of the functioning of provincial and voivodeship offices of the Kama region as the main agents of the central government at the local level. Based on the materials from the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts, data on the receipt of main fees was restored, and conclusions were drawn about the evolution of salaries. During the period under study until the mid-1760s, salaries changed insignificantly. Subsequently, there was a tendency towards an increase in tavern wine collections and a decrease in petty stationery collections. The wine tavern fees came to the budget in the amount of about 15 thousand rubles. Other tavern fees, “newly imposed” by the decrees of 1750 and 1756, were taken into account separately in the documentation. They were collected in a comparable amount to a salary. Since 1767, tax revenues from salaries of taverns have increased several times. Non-salary fees during certain periods could come to the office in the amount of the salary. Provincial administrators included money sent from the Solikamsk voivodeship office for different years, milking, real money and other fees in them. By the end of the current year, the salary funds were rarely collected in full; the addition took place in the first months of the next year. The author concludes that by 1780, cash receipts increased significantly compared to the early 18th century. The structure of the collections became less diverse, and the main part was made up of income from the sale of wine.","PeriodicalId":41257,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Permskogo Universiteta-Istoriya-Perm University Herald-History","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135008136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.17072/2219-3111-2023-1-186-194
G. N. Plotnikova, S. N. Plotnikov
The article deals with the formation and development of newspaper advertising in the Perm province in the last quarter of the 19th century. The advertisements placed in the first private newspaper of the region called “Yekaterinburgskaya Nedelya” (“Ekaterinburg Week”, 1879–1896) are analyzed. The main functions of advertising, its content, features and significance are shown. Newspaper advertising, which makes it possible to present the maximum amount of various information in the minimum number of text units, was a kind of “cut” of the daily life of a provincial society. Advertising products demonstrate the relations between material and spiritual needs, range of interests, leisure and work activities of the inhabitants of the Russian provinces. A significant place in the newspaper was given to private announcements that did not have a pronounced nature of advertising, but were such in essence. They were called upon to help the population of the province in solving a number of everyday problems. Newspaper advertising successfully fulfilled its main task – it stimulated the sale of goods, sales growth, thereby activating the development of market relations in the region. This testified to the natural process of commercialization of the press, including the provincial one. A certain imprint on the advertising products of the first private newspaper of the Perm province was imposed by the mining specificity of the region. Being a barometer of the social life of the region, “Ekaterinburg Week” reflected on its pages the changes that took place in the process of the formation of the advertising business in the Russian Empire in the last quarter of the 19th century.
{"title":"THE FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF ADVERTISING IN THE RUSSIAN PROVINCE IN THE LAST QUARTER OF THE 19TH CENTURY (ON THE MATERIALS OF THE “YEKATERINBURG WEEK” NEWSPAPER)","authors":"G. N. Plotnikova, S. N. Plotnikov","doi":"10.17072/2219-3111-2023-1-186-194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17072/2219-3111-2023-1-186-194","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the formation and development of newspaper advertising in the Perm province in the last quarter of the 19th century. The advertisements placed in the first private newspaper of the region called “Yekaterinburgskaya Nedelya” (“Ekaterinburg Week”, 1879–1896) are analyzed. The main functions of advertising, its content, features and significance are shown. Newspaper advertising, which makes it possible to present the maximum amount of various information in the minimum number of text units, was a kind of “cut” of the daily life of a provincial society. Advertising products demonstrate the relations between material and spiritual needs, range of interests, leisure and work activities of the inhabitants of the Russian provinces. A significant place in the newspaper was given to private announcements that did not have a pronounced nature of advertising, but were such in essence. They were called upon to help the population of the province in solving a number of everyday problems. Newspaper advertising successfully fulfilled its main task – it stimulated the sale of goods, sales growth, thereby activating the development of market relations in the region. This testified to the natural process of commercialization of the press, including the provincial one. A certain imprint on the advertising products of the first private newspaper of the Perm province was imposed by the mining specificity of the region. Being a barometer of the social life of the region, “Ekaterinburg Week” reflected on its pages the changes that took place in the process of the formation of the advertising business in the Russian Empire in the last quarter of the 19th century.","PeriodicalId":41257,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Permskogo Universiteta-Istoriya-Perm University Herald-History","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136302782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.17072/2219-3111-2023-1-61-72
N. P. Matveeva, N. Y. Raevskaya
The study of housing space is an important step in reconstructing the life support system and the social structure of ancient societies. The article examines different types of housing buildings of the Bakal culture’ population of the early Middle Ages in the Trans-Urals, when the dwellings became more diverse. Data on the dwellings of this archaeological culture were obtained during the excavations of the Bolshoy and Maly Bakalsky, Staro-Lybaevsky-1, Kolovsky, Ust-Utyak-1, Ust-Tersyuk-1, Tsarevo, Papskoe settlements and Isetsky-2, Isetsky-3 settlements. Thus, the authors have information about forty buildings of the Bakal culture. There are two main types of buildings: ground dwellings and semi-dugouts. All of them are single-chamber and are divided into subtypes depending on the construction technique (frame houses, log cabins) and the shape of the housing area (rectangular, oval). Another important part of the house, to which part of the article is devoted, is the hearth. Archaeological information is supplemented by information about the construction of traditional houses of the Bashkirs and indigenous peoples of the north of Western Siberia. The tendency of the preferential use in medieval housing construction of smaller dwellings and log structures relative to the previous time is associated with a change in economic activities, an increase in the mobility of the population, the expansion of trade and the improvement of construction equipment.
{"title":"BAKAL DWELLINGS OF THE EARLY MIDDLE AGES (FOREST-STEPPE OF THE TOBOL AND ISHIM BASIN)","authors":"N. P. Matveeva, N. Y. Raevskaya","doi":"10.17072/2219-3111-2023-1-61-72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17072/2219-3111-2023-1-61-72","url":null,"abstract":"The study of housing space is an important step in reconstructing the life support system and the social structure of ancient societies. The article examines different types of housing buildings of the Bakal culture’ population of the early Middle Ages in the Trans-Urals, when the dwellings became more diverse. Data on the dwellings of this archaeological culture were obtained during the excavations of the Bolshoy and Maly Bakalsky, Staro-Lybaevsky-1, Kolovsky, Ust-Utyak-1, Ust-Tersyuk-1, Tsarevo, Papskoe settlements and Isetsky-2, Isetsky-3 settlements. Thus, the authors have information about forty buildings of the Bakal culture. There are two main types of buildings: ground dwellings and semi-dugouts. All of them are single-chamber and are divided into subtypes depending on the construction technique (frame houses, log cabins) and the shape of the housing area (rectangular, oval). Another important part of the house, to which part of the article is devoted, is the hearth. Archaeological information is supplemented by information about the construction of traditional houses of the Bashkirs and indigenous peoples of the north of Western Siberia. The tendency of the preferential use in medieval housing construction of smaller dwellings and log structures relative to the previous time is associated with a change in economic activities, an increase in the mobility of the population, the expansion of trade and the improvement of construction equipment.","PeriodicalId":41257,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Permskogo Universiteta-Istoriya-Perm University Herald-History","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136303113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.53549/27132374_2023_4_1_3
S. V. Fomenko
{"title":"On One of the Reasons for the Great War Protraction and Destabilization of the Situation in Wilhelm Germany","authors":"S. V. Fomenko","doi":"10.53549/27132374_2023_4_1_3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53549/27132374_2023_4_1_3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41257,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Permskogo Universiteta-Istoriya-Perm University Herald-History","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87566089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.17072/2219-3111-2023-2-128-136
P. N. Gordeev
By the mid-1930s, Olga Kameneva, a prominent figure in Soviet cultural construction, had lost most of her former posts. The sister of Leon Trotsky and the wife of Lev Kamenev, two of Joseph Stalin’s biggest opponents, she had practically no chance of avoiding repression, despite the public renunciation of her brother and divorce from her husband. Based on the materials of the investigative cases stored in the Central Archive of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation and introduced into academic circulation for the first time, the article reconstructs Kameneva's path through interrogations, prisons and exile. The repressions started in March 1935 with the arrest of Kameneva in the so-called “Kremlin case”. Kameneva tried to assure the investigator and the leadership of the NKVD of her innocence (she was accused of spreading rumors about the unnatural death of Stalin's wife Nadezhda Alliluyeva) – of course, unsuccessfully. Exiled to Alma-Ata, and then to Gorky (Nizhny Novgorod), two years later (in 1937) she was arrested for the second time. Despite the terrible conditions of interrogations during the “Great Terror” and hints on the part of the investigator about the ability to influence the fate of her youngest son Yuri (also arrested), Kameneva behaved with dignity, admitting neither her guilt, nor of any of those surrounding her, with the exception of her own husband Lev Kamenev, already executed by that time. Although the accusations against her (of anti-Soviet agitation and that she knew but had not reported Lev Kamenev’s “terrorist” activities) were insignificant by the standards of that time, on February 1, 1938, she was sentenced to 25 years in prison, and three years later, in 1941, she was shot extrajudicially.
{"title":"«I WAS IN JAIL IN THE MOST DIFFICULT TIME AND SUFFERED EVERYTHING»: OLGA KAMENEVA'S PRISON YEARS","authors":"P. N. Gordeev","doi":"10.17072/2219-3111-2023-2-128-136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17072/2219-3111-2023-2-128-136","url":null,"abstract":"By the mid-1930s, Olga Kameneva, a prominent figure in Soviet cultural construction, had lost most of her former posts. The sister of Leon Trotsky and the wife of Lev Kamenev, two of Joseph Stalin’s biggest opponents, she had practically no chance of avoiding repression, despite the public renunciation of her brother and divorce from her husband. Based on the materials of the investigative cases stored in the Central Archive of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation and introduced into academic circulation for the first time, the article reconstructs Kameneva's path through interrogations, prisons and exile. The repressions started in March 1935 with the arrest of Kameneva in the so-called “Kremlin case”. Kameneva tried to assure the investigator and the leadership of the NKVD of her innocence (she was accused of spreading rumors about the unnatural death of Stalin's wife Nadezhda Alliluyeva) – of course, unsuccessfully. Exiled to Alma-Ata, and then to Gorky (Nizhny Novgorod), two years later (in 1937) she was arrested for the second time. Despite the terrible conditions of interrogations during the “Great Terror” and hints on the part of the investigator about the ability to influence the fate of her youngest son Yuri (also arrested), Kameneva behaved with dignity, admitting neither her guilt, nor of any of those surrounding her, with the exception of her own husband Lev Kamenev, already executed by that time. Although the accusations against her (of anti-Soviet agitation and that she knew but had not reported Lev Kamenev’s “terrorist” activities) were insignificant by the standards of that time, on February 1, 1938, she was sentenced to 25 years in prison, and three years later, in 1941, she was shot extrajudicially.","PeriodicalId":41257,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Permskogo Universiteta-Istoriya-Perm University Herald-History","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136367636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.17072/2219-3111-2023-1-146-159
O. V. Erohina, V. Y. Zakharov
In the first years of the reign of Alexander I, a Secret Committee (a circle of “young friends”) was created, which had a certain impact on the formation of domestic and foreign policy. Its participants believed that they should focus on studying the state of affairs in the Russian Empire to further prepare and implement the necessary transformations. It was attended by P.A. Stroganov, his cousin N.N. Novosiltsev, V.P. Kochubey and A. Chartorizhsky. Under the influence of the Secret Committee, Alexander I carried out part of the reforms in the early 19th century. However, the “young friends” acted unofficially and with a certain degree of secrecy. Therefore, there was no official records management of its meetings. These factors will later lead to the emergence of different points of view regarding the activities of the Secret Committee. The authors of the article pursue several goals: to determine the chronological framework for the existence of the Secret Committee, the composition and goals of the Committee, to identify its place in the political system of the Alexander era, to establish its role in the balance of power in court circles, and to evaluate its activities. Sources and the currently existing literature on the Secret Committee were analyzed to reveal these goals. The authors conclude that the upper limit of the activities of the Secret Committee should be increased at least until 1805, and the lower limit should be considered not the first meeting on June 24, 1801, but the activities of the “young friends” circle in 1797–1799 as a kind of preparatory stage. According to the authors, Alexander I, who chaired its meetings and set the agenda, as well as F. La Harpe as a kind of associate member, should be included in the Secret Committee. On the question of the place of the Secret Committee in the alignment of political forces in court circles, the authors state that the Secret Committee played a dual role. On the one hand, it was a new “command” and support for the young emperor, created to develop and conduct serious political and social reforms, and at the same time served as a kind of barrier against attempts by “conspirators” and part of the Catherine's old men, led by G.R. Derzhavin, to limit the supreme power in aristocratic interests. After analyzing the list of events held by the Secret Committee, it was found that its activities were not inconclusive, although for a number of reasons not all of the plans were implemented.
亚历山大一世统治初期，成立了一个秘密委员会(一个由“青年朋友”组成的圈子)，对国内外政策的形成产生了一定的影响。与会者认为，他们应该集中精力研究俄罗斯帝国的事态，以便进一步准备和实施必要的变革。出席仪式的有P.A.斯特罗加诺夫、他的堂兄N.N.诺沃西尔采夫、V.P.科丘别伊和查托里日斯基。在秘密委员会的影响下，亚历山大一世在19世纪初进行了部分改革。然而，这些“年轻朋友”的行为是非正式的，而且在一定程度上保密。因此，没有对其会议进行正式记录管理。这些因素以后会导致对秘密委员会的活动产生不同的看法。这篇文章的作者追求几个目标:确定秘密委员会存在的时间框架，委员会的组成和目标，确定其在亚历山大时代政治制度中的地位，确立其在法院权力平衡中的作用，并评估其活动。分析了有关秘密委员会的资料来源和现有文献，揭示了这些目标。作者的结论是，秘密委员会活动的上限至少应该增加到1805年，下限不应该被认为是1801年6月24日的第一次会议，而应该被认为是1797-1799年“青年朋友”圈的活动，作为一种准备阶段。根据作者的说法，主持会议和制定议程的亚历山大一世以及作为准成员的F. La Harpe应该包括在秘密委员会中。关于秘密委员会在法院圈内政治力量结盟中的地位问题，作者指出，秘密委员会发挥了双重作用。一方面，它是对年轻皇帝的一种新的“命令”和支持，旨在发展和实施严肃的政治和社会改革，同时作为一种屏障，防止“阴谋家”和以G.R.德尔扎文(G.R. Derzhavin)为首的叶卡捷琳娜王朝的部分老人试图限制贵族利益的最高权力。在分析了秘密委员会举行的活动清单之后，发现它的活动并非没有结果，尽管由于若干原因，并非所有的计划都得到了执行。
{"title":"ACTIVITIES OF THE SECRET COMMITTEE: NEW APPROACHES TO SOLVING CONTROVERSIAL ISSUES","authors":"O. V. Erohina, V. Y. Zakharov","doi":"10.17072/2219-3111-2023-1-146-159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17072/2219-3111-2023-1-146-159","url":null,"abstract":"In the first years of the reign of Alexander I, a Secret Committee (a circle of “young friends”) was created, which had a certain impact on the formation of domestic and foreign policy. Its participants believed that they should focus on studying the state of affairs in the Russian Empire to further prepare and implement the necessary transformations. It was attended by P.A. Stroganov, his cousin N.N. Novosiltsev, V.P. Kochubey and A. Chartorizhsky. Under the influence of the Secret Committee, Alexander I carried out part of the reforms in the early 19th century. However, the “young friends” acted unofficially and with a certain degree of secrecy. Therefore, there was no official records management of its meetings. These factors will later lead to the emergence of different points of view regarding the activities of the Secret Committee. The authors of the article pursue several goals: to determine the chronological framework for the existence of the Secret Committee, the composition and goals of the Committee, to identify its place in the political system of the Alexander era, to establish its role in the balance of power in court circles, and to evaluate its activities. Sources and the currently existing literature on the Secret Committee were analyzed to reveal these goals. The authors conclude that the upper limit of the activities of the Secret Committee should be increased at least until 1805, and the lower limit should be considered not the first meeting on June 24, 1801, but the activities of the “young friends” circle in 1797–1799 as a kind of preparatory stage. According to the authors, Alexander I, who chaired its meetings and set the agenda, as well as F. La Harpe as a kind of associate member, should be included in the Secret Committee. On the question of the place of the Secret Committee in the alignment of political forces in court circles, the authors state that the Secret Committee played a dual role. On the one hand, it was a new “command” and support for the young emperor, created to develop and conduct serious political and social reforms, and at the same time served as a kind of barrier against attempts by “conspirators” and part of the Catherine's old men, led by G.R. Derzhavin, to limit the supreme power in aristocratic interests. After analyzing the list of events held by the Secret Committee, it was found that its activities were not inconclusive, although for a number of reasons not all of the plans were implemented.","PeriodicalId":41257,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Permskogo Universiteta-Istoriya-Perm University Herald-History","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136302279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.17072/2219-3111-2023-1-166-172
N. I. Gorskaya
At the center of the collective monograph of Russian and foreign researchers is the concept of “region”, interpreted as a subject that creates history, and at the same time as an object of historical research, a basic construct or (and) a very specific territory. Chronologically, the book covers a large period of Imperial Russia: from the 1760s to 1910. It presents the various outlying regions of the Empire and Central Russia. The desire of historians to show the role of regions in the system of their relations with the central government is associated with the search for what should be called a region, with the search for its history and understanding of identity. The ambiguity of the concept of region, which the authors adhere to, has opened up the opportunity to present regions through the economic, political, cultural relations of “their” time and “their” problems; and to focus on representations and meanings. The narrative of some authors contrasts with the explanatory models employed by others; and imaginary territories alternate on the pages of the book with regions that are quite specific in ethnic or socio-economic terms. In general, the reviewed monograph shows the importance of regions in Russian history and the importance of a regional approach in the study of Russia
{"title":"REGIONS OF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE AS SUBJECTS OF HISTORY BOOK REVIEW: BOLTUNOVA, E. & V. SANDERLEND (EDS.) (2021), REGIONS OF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE: IDENTITY, REPRESENTATION, (ON) MEANING: COLLECTIVE MONOGRAPH, NOVOE LITERATURNOE OBOZRENIE, MOSCOW, RUSSIA, 304 P.: ILL. (HISTORIA ROSSICA SERIES)","authors":"N. I. Gorskaya","doi":"10.17072/2219-3111-2023-1-166-172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17072/2219-3111-2023-1-166-172","url":null,"abstract":"At the center of the collective monograph of Russian and foreign researchers is the concept of “region”, interpreted as a subject that creates history, and at the same time as an object of historical research, a basic construct or (and) a very specific territory. Chronologically, the book covers a large period of Imperial Russia: from the 1760s to 1910. It presents the various outlying regions of the Empire and Central Russia. The desire of historians to show the role of regions in the system of their relations with the central government is associated with the search for what should be called a region, with the search for its history and understanding of identity. The ambiguity of the concept of region, which the authors adhere to, has opened up the opportunity to present regions through the economic, political, cultural relations of “their” time and “their” problems; and to focus on representations and meanings. The narrative of some authors contrasts with the explanatory models employed by others; and imaginary territories alternate on the pages of the book with regions that are quite specific in ethnic or socio-economic terms. In general, the reviewed monograph shows the importance of regions in Russian history and the importance of a regional approach in the study of Russia","PeriodicalId":41257,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Permskogo Universiteta-Istoriya-Perm University Herald-History","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136302301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.17072/2219-3111-2023-3-64-73
K. A. Аbdrakhmanov
The paper describes the business trip of the Moscow merchant Nikolay A. Varentsov to Central Asia in 1891 from the perspective of the history of everyday life. The published memoirs of Varentsov served as the basis of the study. Certain aspects of the daily life of Russian merchants, presented in these ego-materials, have not yet become the object of research, which makes the presented work valuable. In addition to these materials, other documents were used in the study, including those of personal origin (diaries, travel notes, historical and geographical essays, etc.), which logically supplement and confirm Varentsov's story about the specifics of solving business problems in the Asian direction. The purpose of the study is to identify and analyze the features of the life of Russian merchants in the urban environment of the khanates of Central Asia in the late 19th century during their visits on trade matters. The author of the memoir went on his journey reluctantly, sharing the idea common among Russian people that Asia was a very distant and dangerous place. Varentsov emphasized the problem of recruiting employees for managerial positions, which was relevant for businessmen. While inspecting the Central Asian representative offices of the Moscow Commercial and Industrial Association, located in different towns of the region, the visitor learned about the dangers to the traveler posed by wild animals and robbers. Participating in negotiations with local merchants and representatives of the administration, Varentsov, despite his will, experienced certain traditions of the Turkic peoples. The research showed a number of differences between the conditions of professional activities of merchants who traded with the Asian khanates during the period of their independence, and entrepreneurs operating in the late 19th century. For example, by the time of Varentsov’s trip, camels, which had previously been the only transport capable of delivering merchants and their goods to the markets of Central Asia, had already lost their leading positions to rail transport.
本文从日常生活的历史角度描述了1891年莫斯科商人尼古拉·a·瓦伦佐夫(Nikolay A. Varentsov)的中亚之行。瓦伦特佐夫出版的回忆录是这项研究的基础。这些自我材料中所呈现的俄罗斯商人日常生活的某些方面尚未成为研究对象，这使得所呈现的作品具有价值。除了这些材料外，研究中还使用了其他文件，包括个人来源的文件(日记，旅行笔记，历史和地理论文等)，这些文件在逻辑上补充和证实了Varentsov关于解决亚洲方向商业问题的具体情况的故事。本研究的目的是识别和分析19世纪末俄罗斯商人在中亚汗国的城市环境中进行贸易事务访问时的生活特征。回忆录的作者不情愿地踏上了他的旅程，他和俄罗斯人一样认为亚洲是一个非常遥远和危险的地方。瓦伦佐夫强调了为管理职位招聘员工的问题，这与商人有关。在参观莫斯科商业和工业协会位于该地区不同城镇的中亚代表处时，游客了解了野生动物和强盗对旅行者构成的危险。在参加与当地商人和政府代表的谈判时，Varentsov不顾自己的意愿，体验到了突厥民族的某些传统。研究表明，在独立时期与亚洲汗国进行贸易的商人与19世纪后期经营的企业家之间的专业活动条件存在许多差异。例如，在Varentsov的旅行中，骆驼是以前唯一能够将商人及其货物运送到中亚市场的运输工具，已经失去了铁路运输的领先地位。
{"title":"THE SPECIFICS OF THE PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES OF RUSSIAN MERCHANTS IN CENTRAL ASIA IN THE LATE IMPERIAL PERIOD (ACCORDING TO THE MEMOIRS OF NIKOLAY A. VARENTSOV)","authors":"K. A. Аbdrakhmanov","doi":"10.17072/2219-3111-2023-3-64-73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17072/2219-3111-2023-3-64-73","url":null,"abstract":"The paper describes the business trip of the Moscow merchant Nikolay A. Varentsov to Central Asia in 1891 from the perspective of the history of everyday life. The published memoirs of Varentsov served as the basis of the study. Certain aspects of the daily life of Russian merchants, presented in these ego-materials, have not yet become the object of research, which makes the presented work valuable. In addition to these materials, other documents were used in the study, including those of personal origin (diaries, travel notes, historical and geographical essays, etc.), which logically supplement and confirm Varentsov's story about the specifics of solving business problems in the Asian direction. The purpose of the study is to identify and analyze the features of the life of Russian merchants in the urban environment of the khanates of Central Asia in the late 19th century during their visits on trade matters. The author of the memoir went on his journey reluctantly, sharing the idea common among Russian people that Asia was a very distant and dangerous place. Varentsov emphasized the problem of recruiting employees for managerial positions, which was relevant for businessmen. While inspecting the Central Asian representative offices of the Moscow Commercial and Industrial Association, located in different towns of the region, the visitor learned about the dangers to the traveler posed by wild animals and robbers. Participating in negotiations with local merchants and representatives of the administration, Varentsov, despite his will, experienced certain traditions of the Turkic peoples. The research showed a number of differences between the conditions of professional activities of merchants who traded with the Asian khanates during the period of their independence, and entrepreneurs operating in the late 19th century. For example, by the time of Varentsov’s trip, camels, which had previously been the only transport capable of delivering merchants and their goods to the markets of Central Asia, had already lost their leading positions to rail transport.","PeriodicalId":41257,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Permskogo Universiteta-Istoriya-Perm University Herald-History","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135008397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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