LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.
2022年底，中國內地政府發佈了一系列政策，完成了新冠疫情防控從以＂政府”為主體的舊做法，到充分發揮＂家庭＋個人”主體作用的新做法的轉變。本文基於“仁愛”、＂公義”、＂誠信”及“和諧”等儒家生命倫理的四項基本原則，立足於防疫做法轉變過程中的行為主體，探討了防疫主體變化背景下的民派生活和健康保障問題、資源與財富分配公正問題、真實可靠資訊獲取問題、費用共擔與資源共用問題。本文認為，＂家庭＋個人＋政府”多主體協作防疫的實現是必然的；相較於防疫舊做法，新的防疫做法更加可持續。當下中國內地亟需加快恢復正常生產生活，緩解防疫主體變化對全社會帶來的＂陣痛”，與此同時總結經驗，為之後可能出現的疫情反復進行提前準備。
In late 2022, the central government of China introduced a series of policies for the mainland as part of a comprehensive transformation of COVID-19 Pandemic Prevention and Control (PPC) from the traditional, government-centered approach to a novel approach that prioritizes individuals and families. Drawing upon the four fundamental principles of Confucian bioethics, namely “benevolence,” “justice,” “integrity,” and “harmony,” this paper examines the ethical challenges of safeguarding lives and health, ensuring a fair distribution of resources and wealth, obtaining accurate and reliable information, and openly sharing the costs and resources throughout this transformation in the PPC approach. By focusing on the key actors involved in the process, we propose that the shift from a government-centric to a collaborative “family + individual + government” approach is both necessary and sustainable. Accordingly, we advocate for accelerating the return to normal production and daily life to mitigate the societal “pain” associated with the transformation. Additionally, we urge the government to reflect on its previous experience and prepare for a possible pandemic recurrence.
LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.
2022年底，中国内地政府发布了一系列政策，完成了新冠疫情防控从以＂政府”为主体的旧做法，到充分发挥＂家庭+个人”主体作用的新做法的转变。本文基于“仁爱”、＂公义”、＂诚信”及“和谐”等儒家生命伦理的四项基本原则，立足于防疫做法转变过程中的行为主体，探讨了防疫主体变化背景下的民派生活和健康保障问题、资源与财富分配公正问题、真实可靠资讯获取问题、费用共担与资源共用问题。本文认为，＂家庭+个人+政府”多主体协作防疫的实现是必然的；相较于防疫旧做法，新的防疫做法更加可持续。当下中国内地亟需加快恢复正常生产生活，缓解防疫主体变化对全社会带来的＂阵痛”，与此同时总结经验，为之后可能出现的疫情反复进行提前准备。
In late 2022, the central government of China introduced a series of policies for the mainland as part of a comprehensive transformation of COVID-19 Pandemic Prevention and Control (PPC) from the traditional, government-centered approach to a novel approach that prioritizes individuals and families. Drawing upon the four fundamental principles of Confucian bioethics, namely “benevolence,” “justice,” “integrity,” and “harmony,” this paper examines the ethical challenges of safeguarding lives and health, ensuring a fair distribution of resources and wealth, obtaining accurate and reliable information, and openly sharing the costs and resources throughout this transformation in the PPC approach. By focusing on the key actors involved in the process, we propose that the shift from a government-centric to a collaborative “family + individual + government” approach is both necessary and sustainable. Accordingly, we advocate for accelerating the return to normal production and daily life to mitigate the societal “pain” associated with the transformation. Additionally, we urge the government to reflect on its previous experience and prepare for a possible pandemic recurrence.
{"title":"中國內地新冠疫情防控新做法的儒家反思","authors":"丹蕾 陳, 靜嫻 吳","doi":"10.24112/ijccpm.212656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24112/ijccpm.212656","url":null,"abstract":"LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.
 2022年底，中國內地政府發佈了一系列政策，完成了新冠疫情防控從以＂政府”為主體的舊做法，到充分發揮＂家庭＋個人”主體作用的新做法的轉變。本文基於“仁愛”、＂公義”、＂誠信”及“和諧”等儒家生命倫理的四項基本原則，立足於防疫做法轉變過程中的行為主體，探討了防疫主體變化背景下的民派生活和健康保障問題、資源與財富分配公正問題、真實可靠資訊獲取問題、費用共擔與資源共用問題。本文認為，＂家庭＋個人＋政府”多主體協作防疫的實現是必然的；相較於防疫舊做法，新的防疫做法更加可持續。當下中國內地亟需加快恢復正常生產生活，緩解防疫主體變化對全社會帶來的＂陣痛”，與此同時總結經驗，為之後可能出現的疫情反復進行提前準備。
 In late 2022, the central government of China introduced a series of policies for the mainland as part of a comprehensive transformation of COVID-19 Pandemic Prevention and Control (PPC) from the traditional, government-centered approach to a novel approach that prioritizes individuals and families. Drawing upon the four fundamental principles of Confucian bioethics, namely “benevolence,” “justice,” “integrity,” and “harmony,” this paper examines the ethical challenges of safeguarding lives and health, ensuring a fair distribution of resources and wealth, obtaining accurate and reliable information, and openly sharing the costs and resources throughout this transformation in the PPC approach. By focusing on the key actors involved in the process, we propose that the shift from a government-centric to a collaborative “family + individual + government” approach is both necessary and sustainable. Accordingly, we advocate for accelerating the return to normal production and daily life to mitigate the societal “pain” associated with the transformation. Additionally, we urge the government to reflect on its previous experience and prepare for a possible pandemic recurrence.","PeriodicalId":41284,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chinese & Comparative Philosophy of Medicine","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135477801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.
以新冠疫苗I期試驗的健康受試者為研究對象，基於深度訪談和虛擬民族志研究方法，採用NVivo11軟體進行編碼分析，發現健康受試者的參與動機多為積極動機，在抉擇過程中曾面臨內外矛盾而深陷糾結與掙扎。文章歸納出新冠疫苗受試者抉擇過程不同階段的動機與行為特點，即：萌生想法——躍躍欲試的受試者；進退狐疑——踽踽獨行的受試者；備受煎熬——忐忑不安的受試者；解惑釋疑——篤定前行的受試者。旨在真實地還原健康受試者的抉擇過程，消除社會偏見，為健康受試者和I期試驗去除污名，提升公眾的認知，增强健康受試者的認同感和歸屬感。
Taking the Phase I trial of the 2019-nCoV vaccine as a case study, this paper examines the motivational and psychological development and behavioral patterns of healthy volunteers who participate in different phases of clinical trials for vaccines. The findings of a series of in-depth interviews and virtual ethnographical studies show that participation in a clinical trial such as that for the 2019-nCoV vaccine is a difficult choice for volunteers, as it entails exposure not only to medical risks but also to social prejudice. The paper provides a detailed account of how the volunteers for the Phase I 2019-nCoV vaccine trials made their choice to participate and how they overcame various doubts and fears to serve as responsible research partners.
LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.
以新冠疫苗I期试验的健康受试者为研究对象，基于深度访谈和虚拟民族志研究方法，采用NVivo11软体进行编码分析，发现健康受试者的参与动机多为积极动机，在抉择过程中曾面临内外矛盾而深陷纠结与挣扎。文章归纳出新冠疫苗受试者抉择过程不同阶段的动机与行为特点，即：萌生想法——跃跃欲试的受试者；进退狐疑——踽踽独行的受试者；备受煎熬——忐忑不安的受试者；解惑释疑——笃定前行的受试者。旨在真实地还原健康受试者的抉择过程，消除社会偏见，为健康受试者和I期试验去除污名，提升公众的认知，增强健康受试者的认同感和归属感。
Taking the Phase I trial of the 2019-nCoV vaccine as a case study, this paper examines the motivational and psychological development and behavioral patterns of healthy volunteers who participate in different phases of clinical trials for vaccines. The findings of a series of in-depth interviews and virtual ethnographical studies show that participation in a clinical trial such as that for the 2019-nCoV vaccine is a difficult choice for volunteers, as it entails exposure not only to medical risks but also to social prejudice. The paper provides a detailed account of how the volunteers for the Phase I 2019-nCoV vaccine trials made their choice to participate and how they overcame various doubts and fears to serve as responsible research partners.
{"title":"健康受試者的＂艱難抉擇＂","authors":"嘉琪 王, 蕊 鄧","doi":"10.24112/ijccpm.212657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24112/ijccpm.212657","url":null,"abstract":"LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.
 以新冠疫苗I期試驗的健康受試者為研究對象，基於深度訪談和虛擬民族志研究方法，採用NVivo11軟體進行編碼分析，發現健康受試者的參與動機多為積極動機，在抉擇過程中曾面臨內外矛盾而深陷糾結與掙扎。文章歸納出新冠疫苗受試者抉擇過程不同階段的動機與行為特點，即：萌生想法——躍躍欲試的受試者；進退狐疑——踽踽獨行的受試者；備受煎熬——忐忑不安的受試者；解惑釋疑——篤定前行的受試者。旨在真實地還原健康受試者的抉擇過程，消除社會偏見，為健康受試者和I期試驗去除污名，提升公眾的認知，增强健康受試者的認同感和歸屬感。
 Taking the Phase I trial of the 2019-nCoV vaccine as a case study, this paper examines the motivational and psychological development and behavioral patterns of healthy volunteers who participate in different phases of clinical trials for vaccines. The findings of a series of in-depth interviews and virtual ethnographical studies show that participation in a clinical trial such as that for the 2019-nCoV vaccine is a difficult choice for volunteers, as it entails exposure not only to medical risks but also to social prejudice. The paper provides a detailed account of how the volunteers for the Phase I 2019-nCoV vaccine trials made their choice to participate and how they overcame various doubts and fears to serve as responsible research partners.","PeriodicalId":41284,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chinese & Comparative Philosophy of Medicine","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135477802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"前言：抗疫——在倫理道德上我們還可以做什麼？","authors":"穎 張","doi":"10.24112/ijccpm.212654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24112/ijccpm.212654","url":null,"abstract":"三年的COVID-19疫情，對全球各國的生產生活都產生了巨大衝擊。雖然大規模的疫情已經暫時遠離我們，但有關疫情的倫理學思考並未結束。人們會問：倘若下一個疫情到來，我們在防疫上是否能夠吸取歷史的教訓，做得好些？本期的論文除了最後一篇，都出自2023年5月在香港舉辦的第十七屆\"建構中國生命倫理學”研討會。論文所涉及的主題，從中國傳統醫學對疫病的認識到當今防疫、抗情中所面臨的種種倫理議題，以及如何處理普世價值與具體文化處境的關係。三年了，我們獲得了不少經驗，也有不少教訓，面對病毒對人類的挑戰，我們在倫理道德上還可以做些什麼？(撮要取自內文首段)","PeriodicalId":41284,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chinese & Comparative Philosophy of Medicine","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135477803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.
在對中國古代瘟疫理論和公共衛生的研究中，往往認為傳統中醫學的傳染觀念和瘟疫理論不夠＂科學”和＂精准”，在公共衛生和社會防疫等中觀維度上無法發揮積極作用。但中醫學瘟疫理論，將疫情描述為彌漫性環境風險與人類活動相互作用的動態圖景，不僅具有在特定社會歷史環境和時人認知觀念背景下的時代合理性，相較於現代傳染病學＂傳染鏈”的線性分析模型，對當今疫情也能夠給出一個更具整體性的風險認知模型，具有不可替代的價值。更重要的是，古典瘟疫理論有助於打破傳染鏈交織迭加成群體流行的線性思維所帶來的道德難題，為促成全人類肩並肩面對風險、共同承擔責任與持續性協同抗疫的價值目標，提供一個基於中國文化傳統的論證依據。
In the study of concepts developed in the context of public health management in ancient China, the notion of infectiousness and plague theories in TCM (Traditional Chinese Medicine) are often perceived to have little significance to epidemic prevention and public health today because they are viewed as “unscientific.” This paper, however, argues that the doctrine of yinqi (the epidemic qi) and the concept of infectiousness in TCM present a dynamic interaction between diffuse environmental risks and human activities in a specific spatio-temporal context. The concept of epidemic qi offers a unique cognitive model with which to approach the epidemic risk in a given socio-historical environment that differs from a linear analysis of the “chain of infection” in modern medicine. The paper concludes that the plague theories reflected in TCM are relevant to the contemporary understanding of risk control during a public health crisis.
LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.
在对中国古代瘟疫理论和公共卫生的研究中，往往认为传统中医学的传染观念和瘟疫理论不够＂科学”和＂精准”，在公共卫生和社会防疫等中观维度上无法发挥积极作用。但中医学瘟疫理论，将疫情描述为弥漫性环境风险与人类活动相互作用的动态图景，不仅具有在特定社会历史环境和时人认知观念背景下的时代合理性，相较于现代传染病学＂传染链”的线性分析模型，对当今疫情也能够给出一个更具整体性的风险认知模型，具有不可替代的价值。更重要的是，古典瘟疫理论有助于打破传染链交织迭加成群体流行的线性思维所带来的道德难题，为促成全人类肩并肩面对风险、共同承担责任与持续性协同抗疫的价值目标，提供一个基于中国文化传统的论证依据。
In the study of concepts developed in the context of public health management in ancient China, the notion of infectiousness and plague theories in TCM (Traditional Chinese Medicine) are often perceived to have little significance to epidemic prevention and public health today because they are viewed as “unscientific.” This paper, however, argues that the doctrine of yinqi (the epidemic qi) and the concept of infectiousness in TCM present a dynamic interaction between diffuse environmental risks and human activities in a specific spatio-temporal context. The concept of epidemic qi offers a unique cognitive model with which to approach the epidemic risk in a given socio-historical environment that differs from a linear analysis of the “chain of infection” in modern medicine. The paper concludes that the plague theories reflected in TCM are relevant to the contemporary understanding of risk control during a public health crisis.
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 在對中國古代瘟疫理論和公共衛生的研究中，往往認為傳統中醫學的傳染觀念和瘟疫理論不夠＂科學”和＂精准”，在公共衛生和社會防疫等中觀維度上無法發揮積極作用。但中醫學瘟疫理論，將疫情描述為彌漫性環境風險與人類活動相互作用的動態圖景，不僅具有在特定社會歷史環境和時人認知觀念背景下的時代合理性，相較於現代傳染病學＂傳染鏈”的線性分析模型，對當今疫情也能夠給出一個更具整體性的風險認知模型，具有不可替代的價值。更重要的是，古典瘟疫理論有助於打破傳染鏈交織迭加成群體流行的線性思維所帶來的道德難題，為促成全人類肩並肩面對風險、共同承擔責任與持續性協同抗疫的價值目標，提供一個基於中國文化傳統的論證依據。
 In the study of concepts developed in the context of public health management in ancient China, the notion of infectiousness and plague theories in TCM (Traditional Chinese Medicine) are often perceived to have little significance to epidemic prevention and public health today because they are viewed as “unscientific.” This paper, however, argues that the doctrine of yinqi (the epidemic qi) and the concept of infectiousness in TCM present a dynamic interaction between diffuse environmental risks and human activities in a specific spatio-temporal context. The concept of epidemic qi offers a unique cognitive model with which to approach the epidemic risk in a given socio-historical environment that differs from a linear analysis of the “chain of infection” in modern medicine. The paper concludes that the plague theories reflected in TCM are relevant to the contemporary understanding of risk control during a public health crisis.","PeriodicalId":41284,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chinese & Comparative Philosophy of Medicine","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135477800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.
本文旨在初步探索「限肉令」作為應對傳染病大流行 和由工廠化畜牧業帶來的其他威脅的預防措施的正當 性。「限肉令」並非指全面禁肉，而是以法律限制市民的 人均肉品消耗量在滿足基本營養需求的範圍內。本文採用 的進路是緩解一些可能阻礙對此提案進行更宏觀、理性的思考 的潛在心理拘繫。此進路參考了福柯「日常經驗」(everyday experience) 的分析，和佛家倫理學回應全球環境倫理問題的策 略。我們先以香港社會為主要案例研究，檢視形成「肉是必需 的」一想法和嗜肉情結的社會模式。接著我們引入葷食心理學 研究，討論嗜肉情結如何成為正面考慮「限肉令」的障礙。我 們也嘗試回應一些反對此提案的理由，包括來自自由主義 (Liberalism) 的批評。
This paper explores the preliminary justifiability of a meat restriction order as a preventive measure against the risks of pandemic and other forms of harm posed by factory farming. A meat restriction order seeks to limit citizens’ meat consumption to the level of meeting individuals’ basic nutrient needs. Inspired by Michel Foucault’s analysis of “everyday experience” and Buddhist responses to global environmental issues, the paper investigates the social patterns that account for the formation of people’s meat commitment based on a study of Hong Kong society. The paper also addresses a number of objections to the proposal discussed in the paper, including the critique from liberalism.
LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.
本文旨在初步探索「限肉令」作为应对传染病大流行 和由工厂化畜牧业带来的其他威胁的预防措施的正当 性。「限肉令」并非指全面禁肉，而是以法律限制市民的 人均肉品消耗量在满足基本营养需求的范围内。本文采用 的进路是缓解一些可能阻碍对此提案进行更宏观、理性的思考 的潜在心理拘系。此进路参考了福柯「日常经验」(everyday experience) 的分析，和佛家伦理学回应全球环境伦理问题的策 略。我们先以香港社会为主要案例研究，检视形成「肉是必需 的」一想法和嗜肉情结的社会模式。接著我们引入荤食心理学 研究，讨论嗜肉情结如何成为正面考虑「限肉令」的障碍。我 们也尝试回应一些反对此提案的理由，包括来自自由主义 (Liberalism) 的批评。
This paper explores the preliminary justifiability of a meat restriction order as a preventive measure against the risks of pandemic and other forms of harm posed by factory farming. A meat restriction order seeks to limit citizens’ meat consumption to the level of meeting individuals’ basic nutrient needs. Inspired by Michel Foucault’s analysis of “everyday experience” and Buddhist responses to global environmental issues, the paper investigates the social patterns that account for the formation of people’s meat commitment based on a study of Hong Kong society. The paper also addresses a number of objections to the proposal discussed in the paper, including the critique from liberalism.
{"title":"從道德心理學的進路初步探索「限肉令」的正當性","authors":"家頌 楊, 展成 錢","doi":"10.24112/ijccpm.212660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24112/ijccpm.212660","url":null,"abstract":"LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.
 本文旨在初步探索「限肉令」作為應對傳染病大流行 和由工廠化畜牧業帶來的其他威脅的預防措施的正當 性。「限肉令」並非指全面禁肉，而是以法律限制市民的 人均肉品消耗量在滿足基本營養需求的範圍內。本文採用 的進路是緩解一些可能阻礙對此提案進行更宏觀、理性的思考 的潛在心理拘繫。此進路參考了福柯「日常經驗」(everyday experience) 的分析，和佛家倫理學回應全球環境倫理問題的策 略。我們先以香港社會為主要案例研究，檢視形成「肉是必需 的」一想法和嗜肉情結的社會模式。接著我們引入葷食心理學 研究，討論嗜肉情結如何成為正面考慮「限肉令」的障礙。我 們也嘗試回應一些反對此提案的理由，包括來自自由主義 (Liberalism) 的批評。
 This paper explores the preliminary justifiability of a meat restriction order as a preventive measure against the risks of pandemic and other forms of harm posed by factory farming. A meat restriction order seeks to limit citizens’ meat consumption to the level of meeting individuals’ basic nutrient needs. Inspired by Michel Foucault’s analysis of “everyday experience” and Buddhist responses to global environmental issues, the paper investigates the social patterns that account for the formation of people’s meat commitment based on a study of Hong Kong society. The paper also addresses a number of objections to the proposal discussed in the paper, including the critique from liberalism.","PeriodicalId":41284,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chinese & Comparative Philosophy of Medicine","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135579429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.
自2019年底，新冠病毒開始在全球傳播。本文就新冠病 毒提出四個基本的分析範疇：自然、人性、技術及權力。基於 這個基本範疇之間相互關係，作者認為，在過去三年的抗疫經 驗中，我們看到不同範疇的組合可以演繹出不同的對疫情的看 法以及抗疫的模式。在此論點上，作者分析界定疫情和抗疫理 論的可能性。
After the outbreak at the end of 2019, COVID-19 spread rapidly across the globe. This paper constructs a framework for analyzing the relationship between human beings and viruses comprising four basic categories: nature, human nature, technology, and political power. The paper shows that different interactions between these four basic categories influence the understanding of the meaning of pandemics and of how a pandemic like COVID-19 should be fought.
LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.
自2019年底，新冠病毒开始在全球传播。本文就新冠病 毒提出四个基本的分析范畴：自然、人性、技术及权力。基于 这个基本范畴之间相互关系，作者认为，在过去三年的抗疫经 验中，我们看到不同范畴的组合可以演绎出不同的对疫情的看 法以及抗疫的模式。在此论点上，作者分析界定疫情和抗疫理 论的可能性。
After the outbreak at the end of 2019, COVID-19 spread rapidly across the globe. This paper constructs a framework for analyzing the relationship between human beings and viruses comprising four basic categories: nature, human nature, technology, and political power. The paper shows that different interactions between these four basic categories influence the understanding of the meaning of pandemics and of how a pandemic like COVID-19 should be fought.
{"title":"一個抗疫的分析框架","authors":"懷宏 何","doi":"10.24112/ijccpm.212659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24112/ijccpm.212659","url":null,"abstract":"LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.
 自2019年底，新冠病毒開始在全球傳播。本文就新冠病 毒提出四個基本的分析範疇：自然、人性、技術及權力。基於 這個基本範疇之間相互關係，作者認為，在過去三年的抗疫經 驗中，我們看到不同範疇的組合可以演繹出不同的對疫情的看 法以及抗疫的模式。在此論點上，作者分析界定疫情和抗疫理 論的可能性。
 After the outbreak at the end of 2019, COVID-19 spread rapidly across the globe. This paper constructs a framework for analyzing the relationship between human beings and viruses comprising four basic categories: nature, human nature, technology, and political power. The paper shows that different interactions between these four basic categories influence the understanding of the meaning of pandemics and of how a pandemic like COVID-19 should be fought.","PeriodicalId":41284,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chinese & Comparative Philosophy of Medicine","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135579430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.
自2019年COVID-19疫情爆發以來，醫療衛生人員承擔 了繁重的疫情防控工作。在這些工作中，他們承擔了更多的責 任，有些責任是相互衝突的，如照護患者的責任與照顧家庭的 責任。本文根據對部分中國醫療衛生人員的訪談，結合國內外 發表的相關文獻，對疫情防控中醫護人員面臨的責任衝突進行 梳理，並從儒家倫理的視角進行評析。
During the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare providers faced many challenges and were loaded with heavy psychological burdens. This paper focuses on a moral dilemma between the duty of healthcare providers and the overall well-being of the providers and their families during the medical crisis of the pandemic in Huhan, China. Based on interviews, the paper takes a Confucian perspective to explicate the duties and supererogatory acts of those who volunteered to help and the balance between the moral duties of loyalty and filial piety.
LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.
自2019年COVID-19疫情爆发以来，医疗卫生人员承担 了繁重的疫情防控工作。在这些工作中，他们承担了更多的责 任，有些责任是相互冲突的，如照护患者的责任与照顾家庭的 责任。本文根据对部分中国医疗卫生人员的访谈，结合国内外 发表的相关文献，对疫情防控中医护人员面临的责任冲突进行 梳理，并从儒家伦理的视角进行评析。
During the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare providers faced many challenges and were loaded with heavy psychological burdens. This paper focuses on a moral dilemma between the duty of healthcare providers and the overall well-being of the providers and their families during the medical crisis of the pandemic in Huhan, China. Based on interviews, the paper takes a Confucian perspective to explicate the duties and supererogatory acts of those who volunteered to help and the balance between the moral duties of loyalty and filial piety.
{"title":"COVID-19防控中醫療衛生人員的責任衝突——儒家倫理的視角","authors":"廣寬 謝","doi":"10.24112/ijccpm.212658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24112/ijccpm.212658","url":null,"abstract":"LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.
 自2019年COVID-19疫情爆發以來，醫療衛生人員承擔 了繁重的疫情防控工作。在這些工作中，他們承擔了更多的責 任，有些責任是相互衝突的，如照護患者的責任與照顧家庭的 責任。本文根據對部分中國醫療衛生人員的訪談，結合國內外 發表的相關文獻，對疫情防控中醫護人員面臨的責任衝突進行 梳理，並從儒家倫理的視角進行評析。
 During the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare providers faced many challenges and were loaded with heavy psychological burdens. This paper focuses on a moral dilemma between the duty of healthcare providers and the overall well-being of the providers and their families during the medical crisis of the pandemic in Huhan, China. Based on interviews, the paper takes a Confucian perspective to explicate the duties and supererogatory acts of those who volunteered to help and the balance between the moral duties of loyalty and filial piety.","PeriodicalId":41284,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chinese & Comparative Philosophy of Medicine","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135579431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English. 人類胚胎研究的“十四天規則”作為一條重要的倫理原則已實施四十餘年，被很多國家立法採納。近年來，隨著胚胎技術的飛速發展，科學家們對“十四天規則”提出了新的挑戰，也是對相關的倫理研究和公共政策的制訂提出的挑戰，即我們該怎樣看待人類胚胎研究的公共政策？Ana S litis等在〈新興人體胚胎研究技術、十四天規則和胚胎的特殊地位〉（馬修斯、洛伊、伊爾蒂斯2021）一文中鼓勵科學家從促進善治的角度來看待人類胚胎和胚狀體的研究政策，但並未深入探討其原因和意義，本文主要從善治的特徵出發通過對人類胚胎研究政策制訂中如何實現的探討而對該文的上述核心觀點進行回應。 In the article “Emerging Human Embryo Research Technologies, the 14-day Rule, and the Special Status of the Embryo,” one of the authors' core aims is to encourage scientists to look at human embryo research policy from the perspective of promoting good governance. Starting with the characteristics of good governance, this paper responds to Iltis et al. by discussing how to realize good governance in the formulation of human embryo research policy.
LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English. 人类胚胎研究的“十四天规则”作为一条重要的伦理原则已实施四十余年，被很多国家立法采纳。近年来，随著胚胎技术的飞速发展，科学家们对“十四天规则”提出了新的挑战，也是对相关的伦理研究和公共政策的制订提出的挑战，即我们该怎样看待人类胚胎研究的公共政策？Ana S litis等在〈新兴人体胚胎研究技术、十四天规则和胚胎的特殊地位〉（马修斯、洛伊、伊尔蒂斯2021）一文中鼓励科学家从促进善治的角度来看待人类胚胎和胚状体的研究政策，但并未深入探讨其原因和意义，本文主要从善治的特征出发通过对人类胚胎研究政策制订中如何实现的探讨而对该文的上述核心观点进行回应。 In the article “Emerging Human Embryo Research Technologies, the 14-day Rule, and the Special Status of the Embryo,” one of the authors' core aims is to encourage scientists to look at human embryo research policy from the perspective of promoting good governance. Starting with the characteristics of good governance, this paper responds to Iltis et al. by discussing how to realize good governance in the formulation of human embryo research policy.
{"title":"善治視角下的人類胚胎研究政策的制訂","authors":"Y. Nie","doi":"10.24112/ijccpm.191948","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24112/ijccpm.191948","url":null,"abstract":"LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English. \u0000人類胚胎研究的“十四天規則”作為一條重要的倫理原則已實施四十餘年，被很多國家立法採納。近年來，隨著胚胎技術的飛速發展，科學家們對“十四天規則”提出了新的挑戰，也是對相關的倫理研究和公共政策的制訂提出的挑戰，即我們該怎樣看待人類胚胎研究的公共政策？Ana S litis等在〈新興人體胚胎研究技術、十四天規則和胚胎的特殊地位〉（馬修斯、洛伊、伊爾蒂斯2021）一文中鼓勵科學家從促進善治的角度來看待人類胚胎和胚狀體的研究政策，但並未深入探討其原因和意義，本文主要從善治的特徵出發通過對人類胚胎研究政策制訂中如何實現的探討而對該文的上述核心觀點進行回應。 \u0000In the article “Emerging Human Embryo Research Technologies, the 14-day Rule, and the Special Status of the Embryo,” one of the authors' core aims is to encourage scientists to look at human embryo research policy from the perspective of promoting good governance. Starting with the characteristics of good governance, this paper responds to Iltis et al. by discussing how to realize good governance in the formulation of human embryo research policy.","PeriodicalId":41284,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chinese & Comparative Philosophy of Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42941105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English ; abstract also in Chinese. 胚胎研究的＂十四天規則＂已經在國際上實施了幾十年。當前，很多科學家正在挑戰這一限制，因為技術進步使得人類胚胎和胚胎的細胞模型可以培養到其早期發育階段的後期。一些學者質疑人們長期以來持有的胚胎研究應該受到限制的信念，即超過十四天的胚胎研究是不道德的，他們開始提出替代性指導方針。本文通過回顧“十四天規則”的歷史和受這一規則影響的新興研究領域的情況，審查一項新的關於人類胚胎和類胚胎的指南。我們表明社會和政治哲學、形而上學和倫理學所關注的問題對於解釋和應用新的建議或開發替代方案具有核心作用。至關重要的是，科學家在突破十四天的限制去做任何研究之前，應該制訂明確的、深思熟慮的、且有文化敏感性的指導方針，包括具體限制和監督程式，以確保科學能夠適當地回應社會的需求和價值判斷。 After 40 years of abiding by an international guideline that barred human embryo research beyond day 14 of embryonic development, many scientists are now challenging this limit due to technological advances suggesting that embryos and cell-based models of embryos can be cultured to later points in early development. Some scholars have questioned the long-held belief that research beyond 14 days is unethical and have begun proposing alternative guidelines for research. In this paper, we examine a proposal for new human embryo and embryoid guidelines by reviewing the history of the 14-day limit and emerging areas of research that are impacted by these guidelines. We then show how social and political philosophy, metaphysics, and ethics are central to interpreting and applying these new recommendations or developing alternatives. Before conducting any research beyond day 14, scientists must develop clear, thoughtful, and culturally sensitive guidelines that include limitations and oversight procedures to ensure that science responds to societal needs and values.
LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English；abstract also in Chinese.胚胎研究的＂十四天规则＂已经在国际上实施了几十年。当前，很多科学家正在挑战这一限制，因为技术进步使得人类胚胎和胚胎的细胞模型可以培养到其早期发育阶段的后期。一些学者质疑人们长期以来持有的胚胎研究应该受到限制的信念，即超过十四天的胚胎研究是不道德的，他们开始提出替代性指导方针。本文通过回顾“十四天规则”的历史和受这一规则影响的新兴研究领域的情况，审查一项新的关于人类胚胎和类胚胎的指南。我们表明社会和政治哲学、形而上学和伦理学所关注的问题对于解释和应用新的建议或开发替代方案具有核心作用。至关重要的是，科学家在突破十四天的限制去做任何研究之前，应该制订明确的、深思熟虑的、且有文化敏感性的指导方针，包括具体限制和监督程序，以确保科学能够适当地响应社会的需求和价值判断。After 40 years of abiding by an international guideline that barred human embryo research beyond day 14 of embryonic development，many scientists are now challenging this limit due to technological advances suggesting that embryos and cell-based models of embryos can be cultured to later points in early development.Some scholars have questioned the long-held belief that research beyond 14 days is unethical and have begun proposing alternative guidelines for research.In this paper，we examine a proposal for new human embryo and embryoid guidelines by reviewing the history of the 14-day limit and emerging areas of research that are impacted by these guidelines.We then show how social and political philosophy，metaphysics，and ethics are central to interpreting and applying these new recommendations or developing alternatives.Before conducting any research beyond day 14，scientists must develop clear，thoughtful，and culturally sensitive guidelines that include limitations and oversight procedures to ensure that science responds to societal needs and values.
{"title":"新興人體胚胎研究技術、 十四天規則和胚胎的特殊地位","authors":"K. Matthews, Sam Lowe, A. Iltis","doi":"10.24112/ijccpm.191941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24112/ijccpm.191941","url":null,"abstract":"LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English ; abstract also in Chinese.\u0000胚胎研究的＂十四天規則＂已經在國際上實施了幾十年。當前，很多科學家正在挑戰這一限制，因為技術進步使得人類胚胎和胚胎的細胞模型可以培養到其早期發育階段的後期。一些學者質疑人們長期以來持有的胚胎研究應該受到限制的信念，即超過十四天的胚胎研究是不道德的，他們開始提出替代性指導方針。本文通過回顧“十四天規則”的歷史和受這一規則影響的新興研究領域的情況，審查一項新的關於人類胚胎和類胚胎的指南。我們表明社會和政治哲學、形而上學和倫理學所關注的問題對於解釋和應用新的建議或開發替代方案具有核心作用。至關重要的是，科學家在突破十四天的限制去做任何研究之前，應該制訂明確的、深思熟慮的、且有文化敏感性的指導方針，包括具體限制和監督程式，以確保科學能夠適當地回應社會的需求和價值判斷。\u0000After 40 years of abiding by an international guideline that barred human embryo research beyond day 14 of embryonic development, many scientists are now challenging this limit due to technological advances suggesting that embryos and cell-based models of embryos can be cultured to later points in early development. Some scholars have questioned the long-held belief that research beyond 14 days is unethical and have begun proposing alternative guidelines for research. In this paper, we examine a proposal for new human embryo and embryoid guidelines by reviewing the history of the 14-day limit and emerging areas of research that are impacted by these guidelines. We then show how social and political philosophy, metaphysics, and ethics are central to interpreting and applying these new recommendations or developing alternatives. Before conducting any research beyond day 14, scientists must develop clear, thoughtful, and culturally sensitive guidelines that include limitations and oversight procedures to ensure that science responds to societal needs and values.","PeriodicalId":41284,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chinese & Comparative Philosophy of Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47684439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English ; abstract also in Chinese. 新興的人類胚胎研究技術中，14天限制是一個避免公眾爭議的政治決定。伊爾蒂斯(Ana S. Iltis)、馬修斯(Kirstin R.W. Matthews) 和洛伊(Sam Lowe)質疑國際幹細胞學會(ISSCR) 2021年新推的指引取消14天限制。這更改既未得到廣泛公眾支持，又未能顯示對人類胚胎研究各方觀點的尊重。故其政治合法性成疑。本評論反駁，新推的指引開設了若干會議和討論會，尊重各持分者的觀點。更重要的是，從儒家的賢能政治的觀點而言，廣泛公眾支持不等同於民主管治中的強共識，故伊爾蒂斯等人受限於民主原則，對廣泛公眾支持的定義過嚴。
LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English；abstract also in Chinese.新兴的人类胚胎研究技术中，14天限制是一个避免公众争议的政治决定。伊尔蒂斯（Ana S. Iltis）、马修斯（Kirstin R.W. Matthews）和洛伊（Sam Lowe）质疑国际干细胞学会（ISSCR）2021年新推的指引取消14天限制。这更改既未得到广泛公众支持，又未能显示对人类胚胎研究各方观点的尊重。故其政治合法性成疑。本评论反驳，新推的指引开设了若干会议和讨论会，尊重各持分者的观点。更重要的是，从儒家的贤能政治的观点而言，广泛公众支持不等同于民主管治中的强共识，故伊尔蒂斯等人受限于民主原则，对广泛公众支持的定义过严。
{"title":"沒有民主治理原則的廣泛公眾支持：批判性回應","authors":"Man-To Tang","doi":"10.24112/ijccpm.191950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24112/ijccpm.191950","url":null,"abstract":"LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English ; abstract also in Chinese.\u0000新興的人類胚胎研究技術中，14天限制是一個避免公眾爭議的政治決定。伊爾蒂斯(Ana S. Iltis)、馬修斯(Kirstin R.W. Matthews) 和洛伊(Sam Lowe)質疑國際幹細胞學會(ISSCR) 2021年新推的指引取消14天限制。這更改既未得到廣泛公眾支持，又未能顯示對人類胚胎研究各方觀點的尊重。故其政治合法性成疑。本評論反駁，新推的指引開設了若干會議和討論會，尊重各持分者的觀點。更重要的是，從儒家的賢能政治的觀點而言，廣泛公眾支持不等同於民主管治中的強共識，故伊爾蒂斯等人受限於民主原則，對廣泛公眾支持的定義過嚴。","PeriodicalId":41284,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chinese & Comparative Philosophy of Medicine","volume":"140 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41284906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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