Blood coagulation involves the serial activation of plasma serine protease precursors (zymogens) by limited proteolysis, to result in the formation of thrombin. The assembly of the prothrombinase complex is essential for rapid thrombin generation. Thrombin amplifies its own production, by activating platelets and the procofactors VIII and V. Activated factor V is a cofactor protein that accelerates the production of thrombin by prothrombinase, an enzyme complex composed of factor Va, factor Xa, prothrombin, calcium ions, and a negatively charged phospholipid membrane. The activity of prothrombinase is regulated to ensure that adequate, but limited levels of thrombin are generated. In turn, the functions of factor Va are regulated by the balance between factor V activation (by thrombin or factor Xa) and factor Va inactivation (by APC and protein S). This review outlines current knowledge on factor V, including its gene, structure, biosynthesis, and its pro- and anti-coagulant roles in blood coagulation.
{"title":"Review of the Structure and Function of Factor V in Blood Coagulation","authors":"S. Jeimy","doi":"10.5015/UTMJ.V87I2.1170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5015/UTMJ.V87I2.1170","url":null,"abstract":"Blood coagulation involves the serial activation of plasma serine protease precursors (zymogens) by limited proteolysis, to result in the formation of thrombin. The assembly of the prothrombinase complex is essential for rapid thrombin generation. Thrombin amplifies its own production, by activating platelets and the procofactors VIII and V. Activated factor V is a cofactor protein that accelerates the production of thrombin by prothrombinase, an enzyme complex composed of factor Va, factor Xa, prothrombin, calcium ions, and a negatively charged phospholipid membrane. The activity of prothrombinase is regulated to ensure that adequate, but limited levels of thrombin are generated. In turn, the functions of factor Va are regulated by the balance between factor V activation (by thrombin or factor Xa) and factor Va inactivation (by APC and protein S). This review outlines current knowledge on factor V, including its gene, structure, biosynthesis, and its pro- and anti-coagulant roles in blood coagulation.","PeriodicalId":41298,"journal":{"name":"University of Toronto Medical Journal","volume":"52 1","pages":"91-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2010-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83128793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine: An Interview with Dr. William L. Stanford","authors":"C. Woodford, R. Vanner","doi":"10.5015/UTMJ.V87I1.1217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5015/UTMJ.V87I1.1217","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41298,"journal":{"name":"University of Toronto Medical Journal","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2009-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90709252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The First of Many Lasts","authors":"C. Law, Ray Guo","doi":"10.5015/UTMJ.V87I1.1216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5015/UTMJ.V87I1.1216","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41298,"journal":{"name":"University of Toronto Medical Journal","volume":"9 1","pages":"12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2009-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86623097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Tissue Engineering and Orthopaedics: Stemming the Tide of Chronic Disease","authors":"N. D. Korompay, Ian Mayne","doi":"10.5015/UTMJ.V87I1.1220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5015/UTMJ.V87I1.1220","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41298,"journal":{"name":"University of Toronto Medical Journal","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2009-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78997636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine in the Central Nervous System – Progress and Developments","authors":"B. Ballios","doi":"10.5015/UTMJ.V87I1.1221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5015/UTMJ.V87I1.1221","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41298,"journal":{"name":"University of Toronto Medical Journal","volume":"270 1","pages":"29-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2009-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73260890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Without a Stitch: Seamless Transposon Reprogramming of Fibroblasts to Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells","authors":"R. Vanner","doi":"10.5015/UTMJ.V87I1.1214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5015/UTMJ.V87I1.1214","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41298,"journal":{"name":"University of Toronto Medical Journal","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2009-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77707515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Has the “Best” Become the Enemy of the “Good”?","authors":"N. Bradley","doi":"10.5015/UTMJ.V87I1.1215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5015/UTMJ.V87I1.1215","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41298,"journal":{"name":"University of Toronto Medical Journal","volume":"126 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2009-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88035991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bridging Nature and Nurture: A Look at Epigenetic Effects of Stressful Social Environments on Childhood Development","authors":"Sarah Lord","doi":"10.5015/UTMJ.V87I1.1224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5015/UTMJ.V87I1.1224","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41298,"journal":{"name":"University of Toronto Medical Journal","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2009-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87576932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The History of Tumour Angiogenesis as a Therapeutic Target","authors":"S. Stapleton","doi":"10.5015/UTMJ.V87I1.1223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5015/UTMJ.V87I1.1223","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41298,"journal":{"name":"University of Toronto Medical Journal","volume":"42 1","pages":"45-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2009-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72821974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Death of a Surgeon","authors":"Carol Coleman-Colapinto","doi":"10.5015/UTMJ.V87I1.1227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5015/UTMJ.V87I1.1227","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41298,"journal":{"name":"University of Toronto Medical Journal","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2009-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86311646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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