Pub Date : 2022-12-28DOI: 10.18470/1992-1098-2022-4-30-39
A. I. Adzhieva, Z. M. Alieva, V. Martemyanova
Aim. As a paleoendemic petrophilic species of the foothills of Dagestan Scabiosa gumbetica Boiss, its comprehensive studies are relevant. This work is devoted to the identification of the state of the Tantari cenopopulation of the species and the study of the renewal potential of individuals in the field, in laboratory conditions and through in vitro culture.Material and Methods. Long‐term population studies of Scabiosa gumbetica using geobotanical methods were carried out in the vicinity of the village of Tantari in the Gumbetovsky district of Dagestan. The vital state of individuals was determined by the Zlobin method, while the degree of vitality of individuals was determined according to Ishbirdin. The introduction of the subject into in vitro culture was done according to the generally accepted methodology.Results. A wide range of variation in the characteristics of S. gumbetica individuals characterises the differentiation of ecotopes in which it occurs. The vital analysis of individuals revealed depressive tendencies in the development of the cenopopulation with a low degree of severity. A high value of potential and a low value of real seed productivity were shown – insufficient for successful seed renewal in natural populations. The potential of vegetative renewal of individuals was confirmed, which compensates for the low productivity of natural seed renewal. A scheme of clonal micro‐multiplication of S. gumbetica was developed by cultivating nodal explants on a Murashige‐Skuga medium with the addition of IBA, NAA, BAP and kinetin.Conclusion. Low real seed productivity and depressive tendencies of the vitality of individuals in the Tanari cenopopulation of S. gumbetica indicate the need to develop methods for its conservation. Biotechnological methods can be promising. Studies have substantiated and demonstrated the possibilities of microclonal reproduction by direct organogenesis.
{"title":"Natural and microclonal reproduction of the Dagestan paleoendemic Scabiosa gumbetica Boiss.","authors":"A. I. Adzhieva, Z. M. Alieva, V. Martemyanova","doi":"10.18470/1992-1098-2022-4-30-39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2022-4-30-39","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. As a paleoendemic petrophilic species of the foothills of Dagestan Scabiosa gumbetica Boiss, its comprehensive studies are relevant. This work is devoted to the identification of the state of the Tantari cenopopulation of the species and the study of the renewal potential of individuals in the field, in laboratory conditions and through in vitro culture.Material and Methods. Long‐term population studies of Scabiosa gumbetica using geobotanical methods were carried out in the vicinity of the village of Tantari in the Gumbetovsky district of Dagestan. The vital state of individuals was determined by the Zlobin method, while the degree of vitality of individuals was determined according to Ishbirdin. The introduction of the subject into in vitro culture was done according to the generally accepted methodology.Results. A wide range of variation in the characteristics of S. gumbetica individuals characterises the differentiation of ecotopes in which it occurs. The vital analysis of individuals revealed depressive tendencies in the development of the cenopopulation with a low degree of severity. A high value of potential and a low value of real seed productivity were shown – insufficient for successful seed renewal in natural populations. The potential of vegetative renewal of individuals was confirmed, which compensates for the low productivity of natural seed renewal. A scheme of clonal micro‐multiplication of S. gumbetica was developed by cultivating nodal explants on a Murashige‐Skuga medium with the addition of IBA, NAA, BAP and kinetin.Conclusion. Low real seed productivity and depressive tendencies of the vitality of individuals in the Tanari cenopopulation of S. gumbetica indicate the need to develop methods for its conservation. Biotechnological methods can be promising. Studies have substantiated and demonstrated the possibilities of microclonal reproduction by direct organogenesis.","PeriodicalId":41300,"journal":{"name":"South of Russia-Ecology Development","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77939332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-28DOI: 10.18470/1992-1098-2022-4-8-15
S. Vostokov, A. Gadzhiev, E. Lobachev, A. S. Vostokova, N. I. Rabazanov, R. Barkhalov, Philipp Sapojnikov, B. Abtahi, M. Shojaei
Aim. Analysis of the distribution and status of ctenophores Вeroe ovata and Mnemiopsis leidyi, and assessment of the parameters of their interaction in the Middle Caspian Sea.Material and Methods. The material was obtained in the western and eastern parts of the Middle Caspian Sea in September–October 2022. Large ctenophores were collected using a big cone plankton net with a 0.5 m2 opening and a 500 μm, mesh size. The number and size of large ctenophores were determined immediately after collection, larvae and eggs were counted in samples fixed with formalin to a final concentration of 4%. Zooplankton samples were collected by the Juday plankton net (0.1 m2 opening, 180 μm mesh size).Results. In September‐October 2022, a developed population of Вeroe ovata with active reproduction was recorded in the waters of the Middle Caspian Sea. The habitat area of B. ovata has significantly expanded to the north compared to 2021. Complete suppression of the Mnemiopsis population by the Beroe was observed on most of the western and eastern shelf, as well. The total number of Beroe reached 48 ind/m2, biomass – 12 g/m2. Single large individuals were found in the north of the Middle Caspian Sea at salinity 5.7 psu. The structure of mesozooplankton was still dominated by the small copepod Acartia tonsa.Conclusion. New data indicate the active development of the Вeroe ovata in the Caspian Sea, which presents a fundamental challenge for the restoration of the Caspian ecosystem. The progressive adaptation of Beroe to the conditions of the Caspian Sea has led to its expansion to the north of the Middle Caspian Sea in areas with low salinity. A complete suppression of the M. Leidyi population by the new alien noted on most of the shelf indicates an increase in its pressure on the Mnemiopsis population compared to the corresponding period of 2021.
{"title":"Development and interaction of ctenophores Beroe ovate Bruguière, 1789 and Mnemiopsis leidyi A. Agassiz, 1865 in the coastal zone of the Middle Caspian Sea","authors":"S. Vostokov, A. Gadzhiev, E. Lobachev, A. S. Vostokova, N. I. Rabazanov, R. Barkhalov, Philipp Sapojnikov, B. Abtahi, M. Shojaei","doi":"10.18470/1992-1098-2022-4-8-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2022-4-8-15","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. Analysis of the distribution and status of ctenophores Вeroe ovata and Mnemiopsis leidyi, and assessment of the parameters of their interaction in the Middle Caspian Sea.Material and Methods. The material was obtained in the western and eastern parts of the Middle Caspian Sea in September–October 2022. Large ctenophores were collected using a big cone plankton net with a 0.5 m2 opening and a 500 μm, mesh size. The number and size of large ctenophores were determined immediately after collection, larvae and eggs were counted in samples fixed with formalin to a final concentration of 4%. Zooplankton samples were collected by the Juday plankton net (0.1 m2 opening, 180 μm mesh size).Results. In September‐October 2022, a developed population of Вeroe ovata with active reproduction was recorded in the waters of the Middle Caspian Sea. The habitat area of B. ovata has significantly expanded to the north compared to 2021. Complete suppression of the Mnemiopsis population by the Beroe was observed on most of the western and eastern shelf, as well. The total number of Beroe reached 48 ind/m2, biomass – 12 g/m2. Single large individuals were found in the north of the Middle Caspian Sea at salinity 5.7 psu. The structure of mesozooplankton was still dominated by the small copepod Acartia tonsa.Conclusion. New data indicate the active development of the Вeroe ovata in the Caspian Sea, which presents a fundamental challenge for the restoration of the Caspian ecosystem. The progressive adaptation of Beroe to the conditions of the Caspian Sea has led to its expansion to the north of the Middle Caspian Sea in areas with low salinity. A complete suppression of the M. Leidyi population by the new alien noted on most of the shelf indicates an increase in its pressure on the Mnemiopsis population compared to the corresponding period of 2021.","PeriodicalId":41300,"journal":{"name":"South of Russia-Ecology Development","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73934583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-28DOI: 10.18470/1992-1098-2022-4-16-29
G. Sadykova
Aim. To identify and describe communities which include Juniperus oblonga on the Gunib Plateau. To conduct a taxonomic, geographical, biomorphological analysis of the flora of these communities.Material and Methods. The research was carried out by the method of the laying of trial plots. 15 geobotanical descriptions were undertaken. Office data processing was carried out using tabular ecological‐phytocenotic analysis. Analysis of the flora of the communities was carried out according to generally accepted methods of floristic research.Results. The flora of the juniper woodlands of the Gunib Plateau is represented by 185 species from 124 genera and 41 families. According to the results of geographical analysis, 19 geoelements were identified from 4 geotypes, of which the species of the boreal group (53.8%) of the Caucasian geoelement (31.9%) are the most represented. There are present rare and disappearing (2.7%), endemic (28.1%) and relict species (14.1%). An ecological‐phytocenotic classification of communities with the participation of Juniperus oblonga on the Gunib Plateau was developed and 4 associations, 5 subassociations and 5 variants were identified. A prodromus was compiled.Conclusion. Sparse juniper forests are one of the main types of vegetation of the Gunib Plateau, constituting a third of the flora of the plateau with a high degree of uniqueness and a complex of abiotic factors that change along the altitudinal gradient, microrelief and slope exposures, which are decisive when dominants change in communities of sparse juniper forests.
{"title":"Flora and syntaxonomy of communities including Juniperus oblonga M. Bieb. on the Gunib Plateau","authors":"G. Sadykova","doi":"10.18470/1992-1098-2022-4-16-29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2022-4-16-29","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To identify and describe communities which include Juniperus oblonga on the Gunib Plateau. To conduct a taxonomic, geographical, biomorphological analysis of the flora of these communities.Material and Methods. The research was carried out by the method of the laying of trial plots. 15 geobotanical descriptions were undertaken. Office data processing was carried out using tabular ecological‐phytocenotic analysis. Analysis of the flora of the communities was carried out according to generally accepted methods of floristic research.Results. The flora of the juniper woodlands of the Gunib Plateau is represented by 185 species from 124 genera and 41 families. According to the results of geographical analysis, 19 geoelements were identified from 4 geotypes, of which the species of the boreal group (53.8%) of the Caucasian geoelement (31.9%) are the most represented. There are present rare and disappearing (2.7%), endemic (28.1%) and relict species (14.1%). An ecological‐phytocenotic classification of communities with the participation of Juniperus oblonga on the Gunib Plateau was developed and 4 associations, 5 subassociations and 5 variants were identified. A prodromus was compiled.Conclusion. Sparse juniper forests are one of the main types of vegetation of the Gunib Plateau, constituting a third of the flora of the plateau with a high degree of uniqueness and a complex of abiotic factors that change along the altitudinal gradient, microrelief and slope exposures, which are decisive when dominants change in communities of sparse juniper forests.","PeriodicalId":41300,"journal":{"name":"South of Russia-Ecology Development","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83789338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-09DOI: 10.18470/1992-1098-2022-3-135-152
E. I. Каzachinskaia, A. Chepurnov, A. Shelemba, S. A. Guseinova, M. Magomedov, Yu. V. Коnonova, V. V. Romanyuk, A. Shestopalov
Aim. In vitro analysis of the inhibitory activity of aqueous extracts of tea compositions, plant raw materials and as well as plants from different families against replication of Herpes simplex virus type 2.Material and Methods. The viral strain MS of HSV‐2 was passivated on Vero cell culture. Antiviral (inhibitory) activity of aqueous extracts was studied in vitro according to the classical scheme of neutralization (inactivation) of the virus.Results. For comparison we used control samples of aqueous extracts of Chaga mushroom (Inonotus obliquus) and grass of Alchemilla vulgaris L. with EC50 equal to 21.36±3.92 and 39.67±8.75 µg/ml (for dry raw materials) versus 103 PFU/ml HSV‐2. As a result the prevailing activity (from 15.25±3.92 to 1.71±0.54 µg/ml) was identified for extracts of tea compositions based on black and green tea, as well as individual ingredients for their composition – black tea, leaves of Mentha piperita L., flowers of Lavandula angustifolia Mill. and clove spices (Syzygium aromaticum L.). Extracts obtained from plants that are not part of tea compositions of interest are fermented leaves of Epilobium angustifolium L. (Onagraceae) and grass of two species Euphorbia (E. pilosa L. and E. esula L., Euphorbiaceae) with inhibitory activity at concentrations of 10.675±1.96; 2.29±0.57 and 1.71±0.54 µg/ml, respectively.Conclusion. The results presented can become the basis for the search for individual biologically active substances of plant origin that inhibit HSV‐2 replication as well as for the development of effective medicines in the form of tea beverages and/or formulations for topical use to reduce relapses of chronic herpes.
{"title":"Inhibitory activity of aqueous extracts of tea compositions, individual ingredients for their preparation and some plants against replication of Herpes simplex virus type 2 in vitro","authors":"E. I. Каzachinskaia, A. Chepurnov, A. Shelemba, S. A. Guseinova, M. Magomedov, Yu. V. Коnonova, V. V. Romanyuk, A. Shestopalov","doi":"10.18470/1992-1098-2022-3-135-152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2022-3-135-152","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. In vitro analysis of the inhibitory activity of aqueous extracts of tea compositions, plant raw materials and as well as plants from different families against replication of Herpes simplex virus type 2.Material and Methods. The viral strain MS of HSV‐2 was passivated on Vero cell culture. Antiviral (inhibitory) activity of aqueous extracts was studied in vitro according to the classical scheme of neutralization (inactivation) of the virus.Results. For comparison we used control samples of aqueous extracts of Chaga mushroom (Inonotus obliquus) and grass of Alchemilla vulgaris L. with EC50 equal to 21.36±3.92 and 39.67±8.75 µg/ml (for dry raw materials) versus 103 PFU/ml HSV‐2. As a result the prevailing activity (from 15.25±3.92 to 1.71±0.54 µg/ml) was identified for extracts of tea compositions based on black and green tea, as well as individual ingredients for their composition – black tea, leaves of Mentha piperita L., flowers of Lavandula angustifolia Mill. and clove spices (Syzygium aromaticum L.). Extracts obtained from plants that are not part of tea compositions of interest are fermented leaves of Epilobium angustifolium L. (Onagraceae) and grass of two species Euphorbia (E. pilosa L. and E. esula L., Euphorbiaceae) with inhibitory activity at concentrations of 10.675±1.96; 2.29±0.57 and 1.71±0.54 µg/ml, respectively.Conclusion. The results presented can become the basis for the search for individual biologically active substances of plant origin that inhibit HSV‐2 replication as well as for the development of effective medicines in the form of tea beverages and/or formulations for topical use to reduce relapses of chronic herpes.","PeriodicalId":41300,"journal":{"name":"South of Russia-Ecology Development","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72913553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-09DOI: 10.18470/1992-1098-2022-3-163-174
N. Yakovenko, N. Chugunova
Aim. The aim is to assess the socio‐economic and metropolitan environmental development of border areas of the Central Black Soil region (Belgorod, Voronezh, Kursk regions) in order to develop a model concept.Material and Methods. The study uses a systematic approach through methods of comparative and economic‐statistical analysis. The statistical base employed was the official materials of Rosstat 2016–2020.Results. The calculated integral index of socio‐economic and metropolitan environmental development of the border areas of the Central Black Soil region indicates the presence of four groups of municipalities with high, medium, below average and low levels of development. The socio‐ economic development of border areas is characterised by high spatial heterogeneity and a high degree of concentration of human and economic capital within the agglomerations. There is a polarisation in the considered indicators: while the gap in the private indices is not so significant, it is significant between municipalities. In accordance with our calculations, there is a need to develop a model concept of socio‐economic and metropolitan environmental development of border regions.Conclusions. The level of socio‐economic development of areas is a derivative of the power generated by the metropolitan‐core and is determined by the available local economic potential, the ability of district centres of concentration of business activity to absorb the impacts of the metropolitan centre. Gradual "filling" of socio‐economic gaps is possible if the level of development of the metropolitan core and adjacent territories increases, i.e. the territorial spread of the positive socio‐economic effects generated by the metropolis.The work has solved an urgent practice‐oriented task of socio‐economic and geographical research – the assessment of socio‐economic and metropolitan environmental development of border areas of the Central Black Soil region, which provides an opportunity to comprehensively and adequately identify "strengths and weaknesses" of the metropolitan development of the regions.
{"title":"A multi‐factor approach to assessing the socio‐economic and metropolitan environmental development of border areas in the Central Black Soil Region of Russia (Belgorod, Voronezh and Kursk regions) in order to develop a model concept","authors":"N. Yakovenko, N. Chugunova","doi":"10.18470/1992-1098-2022-3-163-174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2022-3-163-174","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The aim is to assess the socio‐economic and metropolitan environmental development of border areas of the Central Black Soil region (Belgorod, Voronezh, Kursk regions) in order to develop a model concept.Material and Methods. The study uses a systematic approach through methods of comparative and economic‐statistical analysis. The statistical base employed was the official materials of Rosstat 2016–2020.Results. The calculated integral index of socio‐economic and metropolitan environmental development of the border areas of the Central Black Soil region indicates the presence of four groups of municipalities with high, medium, below average and low levels of development. The socio‐ economic development of border areas is characterised by high spatial heterogeneity and a high degree of concentration of human and economic capital within the agglomerations. There is a polarisation in the considered indicators: while the gap in the private indices is not so significant, it is significant between municipalities. In accordance with our calculations, there is a need to develop a model concept of socio‐economic and metropolitan environmental development of border regions.Conclusions. The level of socio‐economic development of areas is a derivative of the power generated by the metropolitan‐core and is determined by the available local economic potential, the ability of district centres of concentration of business activity to absorb the impacts of the metropolitan centre. Gradual \"filling\" of socio‐economic gaps is possible if the level of development of the metropolitan core and adjacent territories increases, i.e. the territorial spread of the positive socio‐economic effects generated by the metropolis.The work has solved an urgent practice‐oriented task of socio‐economic and geographical research – the assessment of socio‐economic and metropolitan environmental development of border areas of the Central Black Soil region, which provides an opportunity to comprehensively and adequately identify \"strengths and weaknesses\" of the metropolitan development of the regions.","PeriodicalId":41300,"journal":{"name":"South of Russia-Ecology Development","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91085483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-09DOI: 10.18470/1992-1098-2022-3-125-134
A. Ismailov
Aim. The structure of forest communities changes along the altitude gradient, which determines the composition of epiphytic lichens. The aim of the study is to compare the species composition and functional characteristics of epiphytic lichens in Dagestan forests of different formations to identify key differences in the lichen flora.Material and Methods. Data on diversity and structure of 334 species of epiphytic lichens revealed during in field work from 2015 to 2019 were used as material for the work. Statistical analysis and data visualization were performed in Statistica 13.3 and PAST 4.0.Results. The highest number of epiphytic lichens was revealed in forests with complex tree structure with the participation of pine. A decrease of specific species and genera was noted with altitude increase. Cluster analysis of species, genera, reproductive strategies and growth forms showed the proximity of mountain forests (Pineta kochiana and Fageta orientalis) and their distance from lowland forests (Carpineta betulus). The percent of species forming vegetative diaspores increases in mountain cluster forests. The "photobiont" indicator is clearer separated of studied formations. The greatest contribution to the division of the total sample is caused by difference in altitude, grouping the samples into mountainous and lowland.Conclusion. The differences in lichens species composition are results not only of diversity of the components which form the structure of the forest community, but also of specific microclimatic conditions which change with altitude, as well as the degree of anthropogenic disturbance.
{"title":"Analysis of diversity and functional traits of epiphytic lichens in Dagestan forests of different formations","authors":"A. Ismailov","doi":"10.18470/1992-1098-2022-3-125-134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2022-3-125-134","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The structure of forest communities changes along the altitude gradient, which determines the composition of epiphytic lichens. The aim of the study is to compare the species composition and functional characteristics of epiphytic lichens in Dagestan forests of different formations to identify key differences in the lichen flora.Material and Methods. Data on diversity and structure of 334 species of epiphytic lichens revealed during in field work from 2015 to 2019 were used as material for the work. Statistical analysis and data visualization were performed in Statistica 13.3 and PAST 4.0.Results. The highest number of epiphytic lichens was revealed in forests with complex tree structure with the participation of pine. A decrease of specific species and genera was noted with altitude increase. Cluster analysis of species, genera, reproductive strategies and growth forms showed the proximity of mountain forests (Pineta kochiana and Fageta orientalis) and their distance from lowland forests (Carpineta betulus). The percent of species forming vegetative diaspores increases in mountain cluster forests. The \"photobiont\" indicator is clearer separated of studied formations. The greatest contribution to the division of the total sample is caused by difference in altitude, grouping the samples into mountainous and lowland.Conclusion. The differences in lichens species composition are results not only of diversity of the components which form the structure of the forest community, but also of specific microclimatic conditions which change with altitude, as well as the degree of anthropogenic disturbance.","PeriodicalId":41300,"journal":{"name":"South of Russia-Ecology Development","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88350811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-09DOI: 10.18470/1992-1098-2022-3-101-111
T. Kuzmina
Aim. Analysis of the dynamics of growth and development of anthers of the winter‐flowering shrub Jasminum nudiflorum in the conditions of the Southern coast of Crimea in connection with the determination of an adaptive strategy for the genesis of the male generative sphere of the species.Material and Methods. The stages of genesis of Jasminum nudiflorum anthers were determined during the weekly analysis of temporary and permanent preparations of buds collected from June to December 2018–2020. The dynamics of the growth of anthers was determined by calculating the relative growth rate (R), based on the actual data of their lengths.Results. The genesis of J. nudiflorum anthers takes 6–7 months and is characterized by alternating periods of decreasing and increasing growth intensity. A high positive correlation was established between the lengths of J. nudiflorum anthers and their development stages (r=0,94). The premeiotic period lasts from the 2nd decade of June to the 3rd decade of August. In it, it is possible to distinguish the resting phase, which falls on the 3rd decade of July – I decade of August, after which the growth and differentiation of anther tissues is activated. During the period of microsporogenesis (1st – 2nd decades of October), the growth intensity reaches its maximum values. The average daily air temperature during this period is +16...+18°C. In the post‐arctic period (2nd decade of October – 3rd decade of December), when the differentiation of the gametophyte occurs, there is a decrease in the relative growth rate of anthers. In winter, the anthers are at the stage of vacuolated microspores, which can tolerate short‐term freezing without reducing the quality of pollen.Conclusions. The strategy of the genesis of the male generative sphere in the winter‐flowering shrub is characterized by alternating periods of increase and decrease of the intensity of their growth, which are timed to certain stages of development and seasons of the year and are adaptive in nature, aimed at reducing the influence of stress from meteorological and climatic factors, which is important for the production of a fertile gametophyte.
{"title":"The strategy of the genesis of the male generative sphere of the winter‐flowering shrub Jasminum nudiflorum Lindl. (Oleaceae) under the conditions of the Southern coast of Crimea","authors":"T. Kuzmina","doi":"10.18470/1992-1098-2022-3-101-111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2022-3-101-111","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. Analysis of the dynamics of growth and development of anthers of the winter‐flowering shrub Jasminum nudiflorum in the conditions of the Southern coast of Crimea in connection with the determination of an adaptive strategy for the genesis of the male generative sphere of the species.Material and Methods. The stages of genesis of Jasminum nudiflorum anthers were determined during the weekly analysis of temporary and permanent preparations of buds collected from June to December 2018–2020. The dynamics of the growth of anthers was determined by calculating the relative growth rate (R), based on the actual data of their lengths.Results. The genesis of J. nudiflorum anthers takes 6–7 months and is characterized by alternating periods of decreasing and increasing growth intensity. A high positive correlation was established between the lengths of J. nudiflorum anthers and their development stages (r=0,94). The premeiotic period lasts from the 2nd decade of June to the 3rd decade of August. In it, it is possible to distinguish the resting phase, which falls on the 3rd decade of July – I decade of August, after which the growth and differentiation of anther tissues is activated. During the period of microsporogenesis (1st – 2nd decades of October), the growth intensity reaches its maximum values. The average daily air temperature during this period is +16...+18°C. In the post‐arctic period (2nd decade of October – 3rd decade of December), when the differentiation of the gametophyte occurs, there is a decrease in the relative growth rate of anthers. In winter, the anthers are at the stage of vacuolated microspores, which can tolerate short‐term freezing without reducing the quality of pollen.Conclusions. The strategy of the genesis of the male generative sphere in the winter‐flowering shrub is characterized by alternating periods of increase and decrease of the intensity of their growth, which are timed to certain stages of development and seasons of the year and are adaptive in nature, aimed at reducing the influence of stress from meteorological and climatic factors, which is important for the production of a fertile gametophyte.","PeriodicalId":41300,"journal":{"name":"South of Russia-Ecology Development","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82750513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-09DOI: 10.18470/1992-1098-2022-3-63-77
S. V. Vazhov, A. V. Matsyura, V. M. Vazhov
Aim. To summarise information provided so as to allow us to compile a modern understanding of the breeding ranges, abundance and breeding biology of the Great Spotted Eagle Aquila clanga, a rare species in the Altai Territory and the Altai Republic.Material and Methods. While studying the distribution, abundance and nesting biology of the Great Spotted Eagle, we used generally accepted methods with certain modifications. The species was observed during foot and car surveys. To get an idea of the distribution of the spotted eagle in the region, an analysis of available sources was carried out, including materials from the Red Data Book of the Altai Territory and other relevant information resources.Results. Nesting groups of a feathered predator are characterised by uneven spatial distribution. This is due to the habit of the spotted eagle to gravitate to wetlands and floodplain lands in high‐trunk mixed forests, alternating with meadow‐pasture and field landscapes. In ribbon and acquisition forests, as well as in wildlife sanctuaries located on their territory, there has been a rapid trend towards a decrease in the population of the species, primarily due to selective felling of vegetation and disturbance of the birds during the nesting period. In this regar, there is a need to expand and deepen ornithological studies aimed at improving environmental measures for the Great Spotted Eagle.Conclusions. Protection of this species should be combined with inevitable criminal or administrative punishment of poachers and illegal forest users, who are involved in destructive environmental activities in the region discussed. Otherwise, the progressive extinction of the Great Spotted Eagle population in Altai will reach a critical point in forthcoming years.
{"title":"The Great spotted eagle Aquila clanga in the Altai Territory and Altai Republic, Russia","authors":"S. V. Vazhov, A. V. Matsyura, V. M. Vazhov","doi":"10.18470/1992-1098-2022-3-63-77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2022-3-63-77","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To summarise information provided so as to allow us to compile a modern understanding of the breeding ranges, abundance and breeding biology of the Great Spotted Eagle Aquila clanga, a rare species in the Altai Territory and the Altai Republic.Material and Methods. While studying the distribution, abundance and nesting biology of the Great Spotted Eagle, we used generally accepted methods with certain modifications. The species was observed during foot and car surveys. To get an idea of the distribution of the spotted eagle in the region, an analysis of available sources was carried out, including materials from the Red Data Book of the Altai Territory and other relevant information resources.Results. Nesting groups of a feathered predator are characterised by uneven spatial distribution. This is due to the habit of the spotted eagle to gravitate to wetlands and floodplain lands in high‐trunk mixed forests, alternating with meadow‐pasture and field landscapes. In ribbon and acquisition forests, as well as in wildlife sanctuaries located on their territory, there has been a rapid trend towards a decrease in the population of the species, primarily due to selective felling of vegetation and disturbance of the birds during the nesting period. In this regar, there is a need to expand and deepen ornithological studies aimed at improving environmental measures for the Great Spotted Eagle.Conclusions. Protection of this species should be combined with inevitable criminal or administrative punishment of poachers and illegal forest users, who are involved in destructive environmental activities in the region discussed. Otherwise, the progressive extinction of the Great Spotted Eagle population in Altai will reach a critical point in forthcoming years.","PeriodicalId":41300,"journal":{"name":"South of Russia-Ecology Development","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79296612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-09DOI: 10.18470/1992-1098-2022-3-16-34
M. Nabozhenko, L. Gagarina, I. Chigray, S. Nabozhenko
Aim. To reveal mutual relations between species of the genus Nalassus in taxocenes and the division of ecological niches during cohabitation.Material and Methods. Observations and collection of adult beetles and food objects were carried out in 2020–2022 in Dagestan, North Ossetia, Kabardino‐Balkaria, Karachay‐Cherkessia, Krasnodar Region (Russia) and Abkhazia. The nutrition of beetles was observed directly in nature at night with headlamps, and in some cases in laboratory conditions using the test cafeteria method. The number of beetles per area was counted on 100 × 4 m transects. The number, sexual structure and diurnal activity (feeding, copulation) were observed with the pause of 15 to 25 minutes. We measured temperature (the range from −4 to +40°C) and humidity (the range from 0 to 100%) by loggers every 7 minutes.Results. New localities for seven known species of Nalassus are presented. The new species N. (Caucasonotus) ritsanus M. Nabozhenko, sp. n. is described from environs of Ritsa Lake in Abkhazia and it is compared with other Abkhazian representatives of the subgenus Caucasonotus. We revealed or added information about trophic relations for eight species of the genus; lichenophagy is typical for the majority of species; phytophagy and saprophagy were registered for Nalassus for the first time; algophagy was fixed for two species. The number, sex structure in micropopulations and ranges of air temperature and humidity during the period of imagoes activity were analyzed.Conclusion. The most important and perhaps the only strategy for reducing competition in the cohabitation of Nalassus in the Caucasus is a trophic specialization. An occupation of open landscapes by Caucasian Nalassus did not play a role in the subgeneric differentiation, but was partially accompanied by a transition from lichenophagy to phytophagy and saprophagy.
{"title":"Trophic relations and ecological niches of darkling beetles of the genus Nalassus Mulsant, 1854 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) in the Caucasus and description of a new species from Abkhazia","authors":"M. Nabozhenko, L. Gagarina, I. Chigray, S. Nabozhenko","doi":"10.18470/1992-1098-2022-3-16-34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2022-3-16-34","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To reveal mutual relations between species of the genus Nalassus in taxocenes and the division of ecological niches during cohabitation.Material and Methods. Observations and collection of adult beetles and food objects were carried out in 2020–2022 in Dagestan, North Ossetia, Kabardino‐Balkaria, Karachay‐Cherkessia, Krasnodar Region (Russia) and Abkhazia. The nutrition of beetles was observed directly in nature at night with headlamps, and in some cases in laboratory conditions using the test cafeteria method. The number of beetles per area was counted on 100 × 4 m transects. The number, sexual structure and diurnal activity (feeding, copulation) were observed with the pause of 15 to 25 minutes. We measured temperature (the range from −4 to +40°C) and humidity (the range from 0 to 100%) by loggers every 7 minutes.Results. New localities for seven known species of Nalassus are presented. The new species N. (Caucasonotus) ritsanus M. Nabozhenko, sp. n. is described from environs of Ritsa Lake in Abkhazia and it is compared with other Abkhazian representatives of the subgenus Caucasonotus. We revealed or added information about trophic relations for eight species of the genus; lichenophagy is typical for the majority of species; phytophagy and saprophagy were registered for Nalassus for the first time; algophagy was fixed for two species. The number, sex structure in micropopulations and ranges of air temperature and humidity during the period of imagoes activity were analyzed.Conclusion. The most important and perhaps the only strategy for reducing competition in the cohabitation of Nalassus in the Caucasus is a trophic specialization. An occupation of open landscapes by Caucasian Nalassus did not play a role in the subgeneric differentiation, but was partially accompanied by a transition from lichenophagy to phytophagy and saprophagy.","PeriodicalId":41300,"journal":{"name":"South of Russia-Ecology Development","volume":"111 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87911028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-09DOI: 10.18470/1992-1098-2022-3-85-92
V. Hovhannisyan, L. Mirumyan, R. G. Harutyunyan, A. Avetisyan, L. Harutyunova, A. Gasparyan, M. Z. Magomedova, P. D. Magomedova
Aim. The aim of the work is to study the biodiversity of certain invertebrates (Insecta, Molluska) of the Azat River gorge and their ecological and biological features.Material and Methods. Invertebrates collected in the Garni‐Goght‐ Geghard section of the Azat River gorge in the period from 2015 to 2021 served as study material.The work was carried out at the Scientific Center for Zoology and Hydroecology of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia. Our own collections have been used as material, as well as collections of insects and mollusks of the Institute of Zoology.Results. As a result of studies of the species composition of invertebrates of the Azat River gorge (Geghard, Goght, Garni) we found: 25 species of horseflies (Tabanidae: Diptera), 24 species of phytophagous gall midges (Cecidomyiidae: Diptera); 13 aphid species (Aphididae: Hymenoptera); 17 pyralid moth species (Crambidaе: Lepidoptera) from 5 subfamilies (Crambinae, Evergestinae, Pyraustinae, Spilomerlinae, Glaphyriinae); 19 species of mollusks (Molluska): 3 species of freshwater mollusks from 3 families (Physidae, Planorbidae, Ancylidae), 16 species of terraneous mollusks from 10 families (Succineidae, Vertiginidae, Orculidae, Pupillidae Valloniidae, Enidae, Vitrinidae, Endodontidae, Limacidae, Helicida). The bioecological features of these insects and mollusks have been studied and distribution by biotopes, revealing changes in the species composition of some groups due to anthropogenic factors.Conclusion. As a result of the researches undertaken, a wide variety of invertebrates has been frevealed. They occupy all ecological niches and are found in all plant formations of the Azat River gorge. Most of the insect species are of economic importance. Research on invertebrates of the Azat river gorge is very promising. Works in this direction will be continued with the involvement of new research groups.
{"title":"Biodiversity of certain invertebrates (Insecta, Molluska) of the Azat River gorge, Armenia and their bioecological features","authors":"V. Hovhannisyan, L. Mirumyan, R. G. Harutyunyan, A. Avetisyan, L. Harutyunova, A. Gasparyan, M. Z. Magomedova, P. D. Magomedova","doi":"10.18470/1992-1098-2022-3-85-92","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2022-3-85-92","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The aim of the work is to study the biodiversity of certain invertebrates (Insecta, Molluska) of the Azat River gorge and their ecological and biological features.Material and Methods. Invertebrates collected in the Garni‐Goght‐ Geghard section of the Azat River gorge in the period from 2015 to 2021 served as study material.The work was carried out at the Scientific Center for Zoology and Hydroecology of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia. Our own collections have been used as material, as well as collections of insects and mollusks of the Institute of Zoology.Results. As a result of studies of the species composition of invertebrates of the Azat River gorge (Geghard, Goght, Garni) we found: 25 species of horseflies (Tabanidae: Diptera), 24 species of phytophagous gall midges (Cecidomyiidae: Diptera); 13 aphid species (Aphididae: Hymenoptera); 17 pyralid moth species (Crambidaе: Lepidoptera) from 5 subfamilies (Crambinae, Evergestinae, Pyraustinae, Spilomerlinae, Glaphyriinae); 19 species of mollusks (Molluska): 3 species of freshwater mollusks from 3 families (Physidae, Planorbidae, Ancylidae), 16 species of terraneous mollusks from 10 families (Succineidae, Vertiginidae, Orculidae, Pupillidae Valloniidae, Enidae, Vitrinidae, Endodontidae, Limacidae, Helicida). The bioecological features of these insects and mollusks have been studied and distribution by biotopes, revealing changes in the species composition of some groups due to anthropogenic factors.Conclusion. As a result of the researches undertaken, a wide variety of invertebrates has been frevealed. They occupy all ecological niches and are found in all plant formations of the Azat River gorge. Most of the insect species are of economic importance. Research on invertebrates of the Azat river gorge is very promising. Works in this direction will be continued with the involvement of new research groups.","PeriodicalId":41300,"journal":{"name":"South of Russia-Ecology Development","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83493956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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