Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.46284/mkd.2023.11.2.4
Jacek Dworzecki, I. Nowicka, A. Urbanek, Izabela Szkurłat, Wojciech Horyń
The article presents organisational solutions for the protection of museum collections and cultural heritage sites using the example of the state of Vermont (USA). Also described are the solutions adopted by US nationwide agencies established to respond to natural disasters. In addition, the article introduces the mechanisms and organisational and legal solutions for managing information in connection with an emergency situation, taking into account the needs for protecting museum collections and objects important to the culture and history of the residents of the state of Vermont. The article in question was prepared on the basis of expert interviews, analysis of the literature and current laws and regulations.
{"title":"Protection of museum collections in emergency situations: Solutions used in the state of Vermont (USA)","authors":"Jacek Dworzecki, I. Nowicka, A. Urbanek, Izabela Szkurłat, Wojciech Horyń","doi":"10.46284/mkd.2023.11.2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46284/mkd.2023.11.2.4","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents organisational solutions for the protection of museum collections and cultural heritage sites using the example of the state of Vermont (USA). Also described are the solutions adopted by US nationwide agencies established to respond to natural disasters. In addition, the article introduces the mechanisms and organisational and legal solutions for managing information in connection with an emergency situation, taking into account the needs for protecting museum collections and objects important to the culture and history of the residents of the state of Vermont. The article in question was prepared on the basis of expert interviews, analysis of the literature and current laws and regulations.","PeriodicalId":41312,"journal":{"name":"Muzeologia a Kulturne Dedicstvo-Museology and Cultural Heritage","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70480771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.46284/mkd.2023.11.3.4
Kateřina Hrušková
The study deals with an aspect not considered until now in relation to the Waldes Museum of Buttons and Fasteners, existing in Prague-Vršovice between 1916 and 1945, founded at the initiative of Prague industrialist, collector, and patron of the arts Jindřich Waldes. Alongside Waldes, the other key figure was art historian, conservationist and museum curator Jan Ješek Hofman, whose work between 1916 and 1919 in many ways achieved the plan to build a collection and research institution. What was behind this outwardly-representative, functioning private institution and how did the relationship between Waldes, an enthusiastic and affluent private collector, and Hofman, the expert tasked with putting his ideas in place at a professional level, actually evolve? The study aims to present an interpretation of the relationship by analysing preserved archival materials and period publications. It also represents the Waldes Museum as a remarkable museum experiment.
{"title":"The collector Jindřich Waldes and the curator Jan Hofman: One museum, two approaches","authors":"Kateřina Hrušková","doi":"10.46284/mkd.2023.11.3.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46284/mkd.2023.11.3.4","url":null,"abstract":"The study deals with an aspect not considered until now in relation to the Waldes Museum of Buttons and Fasteners, existing in Prague-Vršovice between 1916 and 1945, founded at the initiative of Prague industrialist, collector, and patron of the arts Jindřich Waldes. Alongside Waldes, the other key figure was art historian, conservationist and museum curator Jan Ješek Hofman, whose work between 1916 and 1919 in many ways achieved the plan to build a collection and research institution. What was behind this outwardly-representative, functioning private institution and how did the relationship between Waldes, an enthusiastic and affluent private collector, and Hofman, the expert tasked with putting his ideas in place at a professional level, actually evolve? The study aims to present an interpretation of the relationship by analysing preserved archival materials and period publications. It also represents the Waldes Museum as a remarkable museum experiment.","PeriodicalId":41312,"journal":{"name":"Muzeologia a Kulturne Dedicstvo-Museology and Cultural Heritage","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135952704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.46284/mkd.2023.11.2.3
John Ebejer, Anna Staniewska, J. Środulska-Wielgus, Krzysztof Wielgus
The last decades have brought a growing interest in fortified heritage research, protection and reuse in Europe as a result of the demilitarisation of numerous historic defence structures occupied by armies in many countries and used as service facilities during the Cold War. There are various approaches to the conservation of fortified heritage and adaptive reuse is one of them. The values associated with a site should constitute the departure and arrival point for any type of intervention. An essential part of the process therefore should be the appropriate identification of these values to base on them contemporary actions. Fortified heritage has values similar to other forms of urban heritage but it also possesses values that are unique to this form of architecture and landscape. This paper sets out the values that should be taken into consideration when carrying out an adaptive reuse project on fortified heritage. Based on research and on international charters, as well as the writers’ own experience, the paper identifies seven values and makes a distinction between two groups of values, namely: intrinsic (history, memory and identity; scientific and technical; territorial and architectural) and extrinsic (landscape and aesthetic; environmental sustainability; social and cultural; economic). While intrinsic values of fortified heritage are usually well described, less explored are the issues of extrinsic values. The paper presents two case studies, Zamość Fortress and Fort St Elmo, and considers how these values were taken into account in the respective projects.
在过去的几十年里，由于在许多国家被军队占领并在冷战期间被用作服务设施的许多历史防御结构的非军事化，欧洲对强化遗产的研究、保护和再利用的兴趣日益浓厚。强化遗产的保护方法多种多样，适应性再利用是其中之一。与场地相关的价值应构成任何类型干预的出发点和落脚点。因此，这一进程的一个重要部分应该是适当地确定这些价值，并以此为基础采取当代行动。强化遗产与其他形式的城市遗产具有相似的价值，但它也具有这种建筑和景观形式的独特价值。本文阐述了在对强化遗产进行适应性再利用项目时应考虑的价值。本文在研究的基础上，以国际宪章为依据，结合作者自身的经验，确定了七种价值观，并将其分为两类:内在价值观(历史、记忆和认同);科学技术;地域和建筑)和外在(景观和美学;环境可持续性;社会和文化;经济)。虽然强化遗产的内在价值通常被很好地描述，但较少探索的是外在价值问题。本文介绍了两个案例研究，Zamość Fortress和Fort St Elmo，并考虑了如何在各自的项目中考虑这些价值。
{"title":"Values as a base for the viable adaptive reuse of fortified heritage in urban contexts","authors":"John Ebejer, Anna Staniewska, J. Środulska-Wielgus, Krzysztof Wielgus","doi":"10.46284/mkd.2023.11.2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46284/mkd.2023.11.2.3","url":null,"abstract":"The last decades have brought a growing interest in fortified heritage research, protection and reuse in Europe as a result of the demilitarisation of numerous historic defence structures occupied by armies in many countries and used as service facilities during the Cold War. There are various approaches to the conservation of fortified heritage and adaptive reuse is one of them. The values associated with a site should constitute the departure and arrival point for any type of intervention. An essential part of the process therefore should be the appropriate identification of these values to base on them contemporary actions. Fortified heritage has values similar to other forms of urban heritage but it also possesses values that are unique to this form of architecture and landscape. This paper sets out the values that should be taken into consideration when carrying out an adaptive reuse project on fortified heritage. Based on research and on international charters, as well as the writers’ own experience, the paper identifies seven values and makes a distinction between two groups of values, namely: intrinsic (history, memory and identity; scientific and technical; territorial and architectural) and extrinsic (landscape and aesthetic; environmental sustainability; social and cultural; economic). While intrinsic values of fortified heritage are usually well described, less explored are the issues of extrinsic values. The paper presents two case studies, Zamość Fortress and Fort St Elmo, and considers how these values were taken into account in the respective projects.","PeriodicalId":41312,"journal":{"name":"Muzeologia a Kulturne Dedicstvo-Museology and Cultural Heritage","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70480745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.46284/mkd.2022.10.3.3
Andresa Richetti, Fabio Pinto da Silva, L. Roldo
Antiques usually require careful handling, so these objects cannot be made available to the general public and are handled only by restoration specialists. This article focuses on the preservation of antiquities in terms of cultural heritage and the availability of these objects for access by visitors, it describes and evaluates the development of a method to support the digitisation of objects considered solids of revolution. The artifacts were provided by the Museu Joaquim José Felizardo in the city of Porto Alegre, Brazil, and were used to set the table in the former Confeitaria Rocco (bakery). The 3D process consisted of the following steps: laser scanning, data processing of the coordinates obtained from the surface of the object into point clouds, creation of the virtual model, creation of a physical model using additive manufacturing, and evaluation of the physical model in comparison with the original artifact. The obtained results show that highly accurate models can be created using the proposed method. Therefore, virtual data can be obtained for the conservation, restoration and creation of replicas for studies and accessibility.
古董通常需要小心处理，所以这些物品不能向公众开放，只能由修复专家处理。这篇文章的重点是文物保护方面的文化遗产和这些对象的可用性供游客访问，它描述和评估了一种方法的发展，以支持被认为是革命固体的对象的数字化。这些文物由巴西阿雷格里港的Joaquim jos Felizardo博物馆提供，用于在前Confeitaria Rocco(面包店)摆放桌子。三维过程包括以下步骤:激光扫描，从物体表面获得的坐标数据处理成点云，创建虚拟模型，使用增材制造创建物理模型，并将物理模型与原始工件进行比较评估。结果表明，采用该方法可以建立高精度的模型。因此，可以获得虚拟数据，用于保存、恢复和创建副本，以供研究和访问。
{"title":"3D Scanning of Porto Alegre Museum Artifacts: The Crockery of the Rocco Bakery","authors":"Andresa Richetti, Fabio Pinto da Silva, L. Roldo","doi":"10.46284/mkd.2022.10.3.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46284/mkd.2022.10.3.3","url":null,"abstract":"Antiques usually require careful handling, so these objects cannot be made available to the general public and are handled only by restoration specialists. This article focuses on the preservation of antiquities in terms of cultural heritage and the availability of these objects for access by visitors, it describes and evaluates the development of a method to support the digitisation of objects considered solids of revolution. The artifacts were provided by the Museu Joaquim José Felizardo in the city of Porto Alegre, Brazil, and were used to set the table in the former Confeitaria Rocco (bakery). The 3D process consisted of the following steps: laser scanning, data processing of the coordinates obtained from the surface of the object into point clouds, creation of the virtual model, creation of a physical model using additive manufacturing, and evaluation of the physical model in comparison with the original artifact. The obtained results show that highly accurate models can be created using the proposed method. Therefore, virtual data can be obtained for the conservation, restoration and creation of replicas for studies and accessibility.","PeriodicalId":41312,"journal":{"name":"Muzeologia a Kulturne Dedicstvo-Museology and Cultural Heritage","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70480295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.46284/mkd.2022.10.1.2
M. Lorenc
Wojciech Gluziński’s metamuseological concepts, developed in the 1960s and 1970s, found their fullest expression in the book U podstaw muzeologii [On the fundamentals of museology] from 1980. Its author was then considered to be one of the pioneers of museological theory in the world. Nevertheless, he is now almost forgotten. This is evidenced by the latest publications of ICOFOM dealing with the history of twentieth-century museology, which exclude Gluziński. The reason for this lack is the language barrier, which makes it difficult to evaluate his achievements in terms of content. The recognition of this state of affairs was the reason for the preparation of this review article using the methods of analysis and criticism of the literature, for which the basis was sources and studies available only in Polish. The basic questions boiled down to how Gluziński understood the museum and what, according to him, the subject of museology was. The answer to the first question was the concept of a “pure” museum, while to the second, the concept of “museum sense”.
Wojciech Gluziński的元博物馆学概念是在20世纪60年代和70年代发展起来的，在1980年出版的《博物馆学基础》一书中得到了最充分的表达。它的作者当时被认为是世界上博物馆学理论的先驱之一。然而，他现在几乎被遗忘了。ICOFOM关于20世纪博物馆学历史的最新出版物证明了这一点，其中不包括Gluziński。这种缺乏的原因是语言障碍，这使得很难从内容上评价他的成就。认识到这种状况是编写这篇评论文章的原因，使用了对文献的分析和批评方法，其基础是只有波兰文的资料和研究。这些基本问题可以归结为Gluziński如何理解博物馆，以及在他看来，博物馆学的主题是什么。第一个问题的答案是“纯粹”博物馆的概念，第二个问题的答案是“博物馆感”的概念。
{"title":"The forgotten metamuseological concepts of Wojciech Gluziński","authors":"M. Lorenc","doi":"10.46284/mkd.2022.10.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46284/mkd.2022.10.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"Wojciech Gluziński’s metamuseological concepts, developed in the 1960s and 1970s, found their fullest expression in the book U podstaw muzeologii [On the fundamentals of museology] from 1980. Its author was then considered to be one of the pioneers of museological theory in the world. Nevertheless, he is now almost forgotten. This is evidenced by the latest publications of ICOFOM dealing with the history of twentieth-century museology, which exclude Gluziński. The reason for this lack is the language barrier, which makes it difficult to evaluate his achievements in terms of content. The recognition of this state of affairs was the reason for the preparation of this review article using the methods of analysis and criticism of the literature, for which the basis was sources and studies available only in Polish. The basic questions boiled down to how Gluziński understood the museum and what, according to him, the subject of museology was. The answer to the first question was the concept of a “pure” museum, while to the second, the concept of “museum sense”.","PeriodicalId":41312,"journal":{"name":"Muzeologia a Kulturne Dedicstvo-Museology and Cultural Heritage","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70480380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.46284/mkd.2022.10.1.6
G. Karpińska
The article describes a collection of 9,000 photographs with captions – entries to a worker-oriented photographic contest – and the paths by which they came from private albums through the contest and museum exhibitions, until they found a place in the ethnographic archive of the Łódź University and in a digital repository. Having left household archives, they became a part of a public heritage rooted in, and dependent on, various historical contexts. Each procedure in some way determined the fortunes of the collection and constituted a choice that imparted a certain shape and meaning to the photographs.
{"title":"Workers in an ethnographic archive: On the strategies of (re-)constructing the past","authors":"G. Karpińska","doi":"10.46284/mkd.2022.10.1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46284/mkd.2022.10.1.6","url":null,"abstract":"The article describes a collection of 9,000 photographs with captions – entries to a worker-oriented photographic contest – and the paths by which they came from private albums through the contest and museum exhibitions, until they found a place in the ethnographic archive of the Łódź University and in a digital repository. Having left household archives, they became a part of a public heritage rooted in, and dependent on, various historical contexts. Each procedure in some way determined the fortunes of the collection and constituted a choice that imparted a certain shape and meaning to the photographs.","PeriodicalId":41312,"journal":{"name":"Muzeologia a Kulturne Dedicstvo-Museology and Cultural Heritage","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70480561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.46284/mkd.2022.10.2.5
Jacek Dworzecki, I. Nowicka, A. Urbanek, Izabela Szkurłat
The article presents issues involving legal protection of borrowed works of art designated for temporary exhibitions outside the territory of their country of origin, which have frequently constituted the most crucial elements of national heritage of that country. Moreover, the mechanisms and regulations applied in the scope of insurance covering works of art and other objects with historical or scientific value which formed part of exhibitions organised by museums worldwide have been portrayed. The article presents experiences and solutions applied in this regard in Poland further to specifying international legal regulations that refer to the discussed issue.
{"title":"Legal protection and safety of works of art and other objects with historical or scientific value borrowed from other countries for the purpose of temporary exhibitions organised within the territory of Poland","authors":"Jacek Dworzecki, I. Nowicka, A. Urbanek, Izabela Szkurłat","doi":"10.46284/mkd.2022.10.2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46284/mkd.2022.10.2.5","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents issues involving legal protection of borrowed works of art designated for temporary exhibitions outside the territory of their country of origin, which have frequently constituted the most crucial elements of national heritage of that country. Moreover, the mechanisms and regulations applied in the scope of insurance covering works of art and other objects with historical or scientific value which formed part of exhibitions organised by museums worldwide have been portrayed. The article presents experiences and solutions applied in this regard in Poland further to specifying international legal regulations that refer to the discussed issue.","PeriodicalId":41312,"journal":{"name":"Muzeologia a Kulturne Dedicstvo-Museology and Cultural Heritage","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70480180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.46284/mkd.2022.10.1.5
L. Lenovský, Lukáš Kurajda
The formation and use of the cultural heritage and identity of local communities is a result of historical development and current opportunities and needs. Cultural heritage becomes a part of the cultural potential as a system. In Čajkov, the most representative village of the Slovak Chilejkar people, there is a system of using the established concept of local cultural heritage through cultural events (several of which are closely connected in terms of organisation and visitors) implemented by local human resources structured into local organisations and institutions, which are relatively diverse but have an internal logic. Some events have an old tradition; others originated and became “traditional” only a few years ago. The outlined system existing in a municipality with less than 1000 inhabitants reflects the degree of functioning of the local community. It is conditioned by cohesion, hierarchy, the self-confidence of members and appropriate economic conditions. For seniors, besides routine and tradition, the essential activating element is the social dimension – being socially active means meeting others, spending time with peers and eliminating loneliness. It is also an important identity creator in the socialisation, education and especially the upbringing of children and youth.
{"title":"Cultural Heritage and Cultural Potential: The Use of Cultural Heritage on the Example of an Ethnographic Group","authors":"L. Lenovský, Lukáš Kurajda","doi":"10.46284/mkd.2022.10.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46284/mkd.2022.10.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"The formation and use of the cultural heritage and identity of local communities is a result of historical development and current opportunities and needs. Cultural heritage becomes a part of the cultural potential as a system. In Čajkov, the most representative village of the Slovak Chilejkar people, there is a system of using the established concept of local cultural heritage through cultural events (several of which are closely connected in terms of organisation and visitors) implemented by local human resources structured into local organisations and institutions, which are relatively diverse but have an internal logic. Some events have an old tradition; others originated and became “traditional” only a few years ago. The outlined system existing in a municipality with less than 1000 inhabitants reflects the degree of functioning of the local community. It is conditioned by cohesion, hierarchy, the self-confidence of members and appropriate economic conditions. For seniors, besides routine and tradition, the essential activating element is the social dimension – being socially active means meeting others, spending time with peers and eliminating loneliness. It is also an important identity creator in the socialisation, education and especially the upbringing of children and youth.","PeriodicalId":41312,"journal":{"name":"Muzeologia a Kulturne Dedicstvo-Museology and Cultural Heritage","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70480477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.46284/mkd.2021.10.4.7
Martin Priečko
The paper is an evaluation study of the biographical work of Karol Andel, who, as a civil servant in the interwar and post-war periods, devoted himself to the amateur collection of ethnographic material and the search for archaeological sites. His work refuted opinions of the prehistoric sterility of many regions, and also laid the foundations of many ethnographic and archaeological collections in Slovakia – in Kysuce Záhorie, Levoča and Bojnice, and at the Slovak National Museum in Bratislava. In his fieldwork he collaborated with respected authorities of archaeology and ethnography in Slovakia, including J. Eisner, V. Budinský-Krička, Š. Janšák, B. Szöke, R. Bednárik and M. Markuš. Thanks to his lifelong professional work and passion, he eventually became a researcher at the Ethnographic Institute, and later the Archaeological Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences.
本文是对卡罗尔·安德尔传记作品的评价研究，安德尔作为一名公务员，在两次世界大战之间和战后时期，致力于业余收集民族志资料和寻找考古遗址。他的工作驳斥了许多地区史前贫瘠的观点，并为斯洛伐克的许多人种学和考古收藏奠定了基础-在Kysuce Záhorie, levo和Bojnice，以及在布拉迪斯拉发的斯洛伐克国家博物馆。在他的田野调查中，他与斯洛伐克的考古学和人种学权威合作，包括J. Eisner, V. Budinský-Krička， Š。Janšák, B. Szöke, R. Bednárik和M. markusov。由于他毕生的专业工作和热情，他最终成为民族志研究所的研究员，后来又成为斯洛伐克科学院考古研究所的研究员。
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Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.46284/mkd.2022.10.2.3
Hanie Okhovat
This article is based on the comparison of the irrigation systems in gardens of two simultaneous periods but formed in two different lands, Italian Renaissance gardens and Persian Safavid gardens. The studies that have been done so far do not explicitly mention the relationship between these two gardens, and this research can be a starting point for referring to historical studies and discovering the possible connections and their effects on each other. The research is qualitative with an interpretive historical approach that seeks to investigate the origins of the irrigation systems of Persian and Italian Villa gardens in the Renaissance period. Methodologically, this study carries out a literature review and case studies by identifying sources in historical bibliographies and archives and by observation in Persian and Italian Renaissance gardens. The result shows some crucial changes occurred to Italian gardens which transformed the form and figure of the gardens. The first and most important one was the creation of running water. According to historical records, two important events are recognised for their impact on the irrigation system: the first was the influence between gardens within and after the Crusader period and the second was Navagaro letters and the impact of Islamic Andalusian gardens on Italian Renaissance gardens.
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