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Muzeologia a Kulturne Dedicstvo-Museology and Cultural Heritage最新文献

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Typology and Audience Engagement of University Galleries 大学画廊的类型学与观众参与
IF 0.3 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.46284/MKD.2021.9.1.7
E. Gartnerová
The main objective of this study is to analyse the environment and the processes of university galleries and their exhibition spaces, primarily on the territory of the Czech Republic and Slovakia. The historical development of university galleries and their role in society are briefly introduced. An important part of this research paper deals with the definition and typology of university galleries, followed by an analysis of their role and a discussion on the aspect of audience and public engagement. The study draws on research conducted by the author in the years 2016–2020 predominantly in the Czech Republic and Slovakia, described in detail in her doctoral thesis. The methodology of the research is mainly based on semi-structured interviews and study visits of the various institutions in question. The research paper brings forth the subject of university galleries and their role in the advancement of the academic cultural environment.
本研究的主要目的是分析环境和大学画廊及其展览空间的过程,主要是在捷克共和国和斯洛伐克境内。简要介绍了高校画廊的历史发展及其在社会中的作用。本研究论文的一个重要部分涉及大学画廊的定义和类型,随后分析了它们的作用,并讨论了观众和公众参与方面的问题。该研究借鉴了作者在2016-2020年间主要在捷克共和国和斯洛伐克进行的研究,在她的博士论文中有详细描述。研究方法主要基于半结构化访谈和对各院校的考察访问。本文提出了大学画廊的主题及其在促进学术文化环境中的作用。
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引用次数: 1
Greek Catholic and Orthodox shrines in the Polish People’s Republic as examples of destroying and saving the cultural heritage of the frontier 波兰人民共和国境内的希腊天主教和东正教圣地是破坏和拯救边境文化遗产的例子
IF 0.3 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.46284/mkd.2021.9.4.6
R. Drozd
The shrine constituting the centre of spirituality was inseparable from the religious life of the Ukrainian people. The deportations of Ukrainians from the south-east of Poland in 1944–1947 exposed their churches to intentional and unintentional devastation. The communist authorities aimed to erase the traces of Ukrainian people in that area therefore they were not interested in preserving the abandoned Greek Catholic shrines. What is more, they even encouraged their demolition. One way to save them was allowing them to be taken over by the Roman Catholic Church. However, it often involved a change to their interior décor. The best solution was allowing them to be taken over by the Orthodox Catholic Church, or transferring them to open-air museums as museum objects.
作为精神中心的神龛与乌克兰人民的宗教生活密不可分。1944年至1947年,乌克兰人从波兰东南部被驱逐出境,使他们的教堂遭到有意或无意的破坏。共产党当局的目的是消除乌克兰人在该地区留下的痕迹,因此他们对保存被遗弃的希腊天主教圣地不感兴趣。更重要的是,他们甚至鼓励拆迁。拯救它们的一种方法是允许它们被罗马天主教会接管。然而,这通常涉及到改变他们的内部组织结构。最好的解决办法是让它们被东正教会接管,或者把它们作为博物馆的展品转移到露天博物馆。
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引用次数: 2
Cultural heritage as a means of heritage tourism development 文化遗产作为遗产旅游开发的手段
IF 0.3 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.46284/MKD.2021.9.1.5
A. Bitušíková
A large number of studies within the social sciences have been devoted to the relationship between cultural heritage and cultural/ heritage tourism development in recent years and even decades. This area of study has been an object of interest for numerous disciplines, from economics, geography, sociology and history, to ethnology, sociocultural anthropology, museology and cultural studies. The study aims to present selected theories on cultural heritage and heritage tourism based on recent theoretical concepts, and to reflect their implementation within a particular national and regional context based on a case study of the Banská Bystrica Self-Governing Region, Slovakia.
近年来,甚至几十年来,社会科学领域对文化遗产与文化/遗产旅游发展之间的关系进行了大量的研究。这一研究领域一直是许多学科感兴趣的对象,从经济学、地理学、社会学和历史学到民族学、社会文化人类学、博物馆学和文化研究。本研究旨在根据最新的理论概念,介绍有关文化遗产和遗产旅游的精选理论,并以斯洛伐克班斯克比斯特里察自治区为例,反映这些理论在特定国家和地区背景下的实施情况。
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引用次数: 4
Heritagising the Vernacular in a Central European Borderland: Wooden Churches and Open-Air Museums in Upper Silesia 中欧边境地区的乡土文化遗产:上西里西亚的木制教堂和露天博物馆
IF 0.3 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.46284/MKD.2021.9.1.4
Jerzy Gorzelik
This article focuses on how the demand for social and political meanings, generated by nation-building processes and competence between nationalisms in Central Europe, has determined the protection and heritagisation of vernacular architecture. The problem has been analysed using the example of the wooden churches in Upper Silesia—the region contested by Germany and Poland. These monuments gained unprecedented importance as they were believed to testify to ancient architectural traditions and were used to prove the Germanic or Slavic roots of regional culture. The article reveals the evolution of churches’ meanings and the ways they have affected the monument protection and functioning of open-air museums.
本文关注中欧国家建设过程和民族主义之间的竞争所产生的社会和政治意义的需求如何决定了乡土建筑的保护和遗产。这个问题以德国和波兰争夺的上西里西亚地区的木制教堂为例进行了分析。这些纪念碑获得了前所未有的重要性,因为它们被认为是古代建筑传统的证明,并被用来证明地区文化的日耳曼或斯拉夫根源。本文揭示了教堂意义的演变及其对露天博物馆古迹保护和功能的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Heritage of (non-)existing cities – on the Polish examples of medieval Świecie and Renaissance Krasiczyn (非)现存城市的遗产-以波兰的中世纪Świecie和文艺复兴时期的克拉西琴为例
IF 0.3 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.46284/mkd.2021.9.3.4
Karolina Zimna-Kawecka, Dominika Kuśnierz-Krupa, Michael P. Krupa
This article analyses the urban heritage protection and spatial development policies of two model historical urban centres in Poland, whose spatial layout has been erased: medieval Świecie nad Wisłą (the Pomeranian region) and Renaissance Krasiczyn (the Subcarpathian region). Their urban layouts had a significant compositional factor (a town and castle complex in axial plan). The second element important in terms of landscape protection and spatial planning is their history: at the end of the eighteenth century and during the nineteenth century they had to be relocated. The analysis covers the spatial form during the period of their founding, the reasons for transformation, their present-day state of preservation, and the current spatial conservation and development policy. General conservation conclusions have also been formulated.
本文分析了波兰两个空间布局被抹去的典型历史城市中心的城市遗产保护和空间发展政策:中世纪Świecie nad Wisłą(波美拉尼亚地区)和文艺复兴时期Krasiczyn(下喀尔巴阡地区)。他们的城市布局具有显著的组成因素(轴向规划的城镇和城堡综合体)。在景观保护和空间规划方面,第二个重要因素是它们的历史:在18世纪末和19世纪,它们不得不重新安置。分析了其形成时期的空间形态、转变的原因、目前的保护状况以及当前的空间保护和发展政策。一般的守恒结论也已形成。
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引用次数: 0
On Defining the Participatory Museum: The Case of the Museum of the Second World War in Gdansk 参与式博物馆的定义:以格但斯克的二战博物馆为例
IF 0.3 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.46284/mkd.2021.9.4.3
E. Manikowska, A. Jakubowski
This article seeks to contribute to the current debate on the new definition of the “museum” – a debate which led to turmoil at the 2019 ICOM General Assembly in Kyoto. With reference to the case study of the Museum of the Second World War in Gdansk (MSWW), it analyses the new and very successful genre of the narrative museum, a genre which arguably fulfils the core elements of the definition currently being discussed by ICOM. In this regard, it brings into focus the paramount importance of community involvement in creating and managing narrative museums – an aspect that has been virtually absent in the academic and media debates over the nature of the MSWW and its programme. By pointing out the fragility of the foundations for such participation, based solely on trust between communities, the museum, and state authorities, this article calls for and provides guidance for an academic and institutional redefinition of the narrative museum and the institution of a museum in general.
本文旨在为当前关于“博物馆”新定义的辩论做出贡献——这场辩论导致了2019年京都国际博协大会的动荡。本文以格但斯克第二次世界大战博物馆(MSWW)为例,分析了一种非常成功的叙事博物馆的新类型,这种类型可以说满足了国际博协目前正在讨论的定义的核心要素。在这方面,它强调了社区参与创建和管理叙事性博物馆的重要性,而这一点在学术界和媒体关于城市社会福利和项目性质的辩论中实际上是缺失的。通过指出这种仅基于社区、博物馆和国家当局之间信任的参与基础的脆弱性,本文呼吁并为学术和机构对叙事博物馆和博物馆机构的重新定义提供指导。
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引用次数: 1
Acquisition Fund: An unrecognised treasure within the cultural policy of the Czech Republic 收购基金:捷克共和国文化政策中未被承认的宝藏
IF 0.3 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.46284/MKD.2021.9.2.3
Lucia Horňáková, Marek Prokůpek
The paper elaborates on the Acquisition Fund for Contemporary Art established in 2017 in the Czech Republic by the Ministry of Culture. Paradoxically, this fund is perceived both positively and negatively by various institutions. On the positive side, from the year 2017 to 2019, the fund has allocated 41,257,888 CZK (1,517,753 EUR) for the purchase of 287 artworks by 29 institutions. On the negative side, only 29 out of 218 eligible institutions have applied for support from the fund during the three years of the fund’s existence. This low application rate is attributed partly to the time consuming and complicated administration of the application for support, and partly to apprehension from some institutions regarding the likelihood of the actual realisation of the receipt of financial support. In turn, due to this low application rate, the institutions that have applied have had a high probability of receiving funding. The paper sheds new light on the lack of financing for acquisition in art institutions and opens the question of the effectiveness of the Acquisition Fund in the Czech Republic.
本文详细介绍了文化部于2017年在捷克共和国设立的当代艺术收购基金。矛盾的是,各种机构对这一基金既有正面的看法,也有负面的看法。积极的一面是,从2017年到2019年,该基金已拨款41,257,888捷克克朗(1,517,753欧元),用于购买29家机构的287件艺术品。不利的一面是,在基金成立的三年中,218家合资格的机构中只有29家申请了基金的支持。申请人数如此之低,部分原因是申请资助的管理工作耗时和复杂,另一部分原因是有些院校对实际收到资助的可能性感到担忧。反过来,由于这种低申请率,申请的机构获得资助的可能性很大。这篇论文揭示了艺术机构缺乏收购资金的新问题,并提出了捷克共和国收购基金的有效性问题。
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引用次数: 1
Cultural Heritage Viability: An Example of Traditional Transport in Central Europe 文化遗产的可行性:中欧传统交通的一个例子
IF 0.3 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.46284/MKD.2021.9.2.2
A. Smrčka
This paper focuses on traditional transport as a form of cultural heritage in Central Europe, looking at the modes of transport that are still viable today as a part of people’s lives and livelihoods, as well as strategies to ensure their survival. The importance of preserving the original purpose of traditional transport modes, as well as their acquisition of new functions in the modern era, are examined in the context of the sustainability and viability of cultural heritage. The article also highlights crucial role of promoting the visibility of cultural phenomena to the public in encouraging their protection and ongoing sustainability. It also draws attention to some less positive examples of how forms of traditional transport are currently presented, examining approaches that may lead to the alteration of traditions and the construction of distorted images of cultural heritage. In the conclusion, I propose distinguishing between forms of traditional transport that continue to maintain people’s livelihoods or generate entertainment, and forms which are merely reconstructions of traditional phenomena, intended only as imitations to recall the past
本文关注中欧作为一种文化遗产的传统交通方式,着眼于今天仍然可行的交通方式,作为人们生活和生计的一部分,以及确保其生存的策略。在文化遗产的可持续性和可行性的背景下,研究了保留传统运输方式的原始目的以及在现代时代获得新功能的重要性。文章还强调了向公众宣传文化现象在鼓励其保护和持续可持续性方面的重要作用。报告还提请注意目前如何呈现传统运输形式的一些不太积极的例子,审查可能导致改变传统和歪曲文化遗产形象的办法。在结论中,我建议区分继续维持人们生计或产生娱乐的传统交通形式,以及仅仅是对传统现象的重建,只是为了回忆过去的模仿
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引用次数: 1
The Story of the Old Rectory in Žilina 旧教区长住宅的故事在Žilina
IF 0.3 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.46284/MKD.2021.9.1.6
Miloš Dudáš
Church of the Holy Trinity, was emotionally charged, controversial and, in the end, very sad. The Rectory’s architecture and construction reflected both the needs of its various owners, and many of the dramatic events that had affected the city throughout its history. Despite repeated damage by fire, the faith community always found the strength and energy to restore the building and bring it back to life. Up until 1989, the Rectory was an integral part of the community’s spiritual life, and even after then, its upper storey continued to serve as the Church’s pastoral centre and a meeting place for Christian youth activities, while the ground floor housed the city’s Tourist Information Board and a popular restaurant. The Rectory was declared a national cultural monument in 2008, just as a developer was taking an interest in the site on which it stood. At this point, the local Church authorities decided it was not worthy of salvation and swiftly lodged an appeal against the decision to protect it, downplaying the building’s historical and architectural value, suggesting that since its original Late Medieval/ Early Modern features had been lost to fire 1678, the current building, reconstructed in 1777, was of no significant value. While a decision on the appeal was still pending, the Rectory was demolished, in the middle of Saturday night, July 12, 2008. The ground on which it stood was completely excavated within a week, allowing no possibility of recovery archaeological research. Eventually, a shopping centre was built over the place it once stood. This article discusses the controversial processes that led to the building’s abrupt demolition, and explores the failure to bring charges against those responsible for its destruction, which took place contrary to the Monuments Act.
《圣三位一体教堂》充满了感情,充满了争议,最后非常悲伤。教区长住宅的建筑既反映了不同业主的需求,也反映了历史上影响这座城市的许多戏剧性事件。尽管一再遭到火灾的破坏,但信仰团体总能找到力量和精力来修复这座建筑,让它重新焕发生机。直到1989年,教区长住宅一直是社区精神生活不可或缺的一部分,即使在那之后,它的上层继续作为教会的牧区中心和基督教青年活动的聚会场所,而底层则是城市旅游信息局和一家受欢迎的餐厅。2008年,就在一位开发商对其所在地感兴趣的时候,教区长住宅被宣布为国家文化古迹。在这一点上,当地教会当局认为它不值得拯救,并迅速提出上诉,反对保护它的决定,淡化了建筑的历史和建筑价值,暗示由于其原始的中世纪晚期/早期现代特征已在1678年的大火中消失,目前的建筑于1777年重建,没有重大价值。在上诉的决定尚未作出的情况下,教区长住宅于2008年7月12日星期六午夜被拆除。它所在的地面在一周内被完全挖掘,没有可能进行恢复考古研究。最后,一个购物中心在原来的地方建了起来。本文讨论了导致建筑物突然拆除的有争议的过程,并探讨了未能对破坏建筑物的责任人提出指控,这违反了《纪念碑法》。
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引用次数: 0
Spatial Distribution Model for Targeting the Support for Cultural Institutions’ Development: A Case Study of Slovakia 文化机构发展支持的空间分布模式——以斯洛伐克为例
IF 0.3 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.46284/mkd.2021.9.3.5
Kristína Baculáková, Martin Grešš
Culture is one of the main tools for developing regions and reducing regional disparities. It is a significant job creator; it participates in social cohesion representing a catalyst for economic growth. In practice, when boosting the potential of cultural and creative industries, we encounter an insufficiently developed approach to evaluating the initial conditions for the allocation of financial resources for its development. This paper’s objective is to identify, map, and analyse spatial concentration of cultural institutions in Slovakia. The intention of the analysis was the identification of regions and districts with the potential for full use of cultural capital as a tool for sustainable regional development as well as the setting of cultural policy. The cluster analysis pointed out significant differences in the representation of cultural institutions in individual regions and districts of Slovakia. The regions with the most desirable results (e.g., Bratislava, Trnava, or Nitra) have some common characteristics linked to the local context, such as historical development, good infrastructure, concentration of educational institutions. The results also confirmed the assumption that within the regions, cultural institutions will be concentrated in larger district cities, specifically in the case of Bratislava even inside the city. From the cluster analysis it is possible to observe a “belt of districts” of Southern, Central, and Eastern Slovakia, which do not have sufficient cultural infrastructure. Since the process of shaping the supportive policy for cultural industries is now ongoing in Slovakia, we consider mapping the situation as one of the key elements in the policy-making process.
文化是发展地区和缩小地区差距的主要工具之一。它是一个重要的就业创造者;它参与社会凝聚力,是经济增长的催化剂。在实践中,在提升文化创意产业的潜力时,我们遇到了一种不够成熟的方法来评估为其发展分配财政资源的初始条件。本文的目的是识别、绘制和分析斯洛伐克文化机构的空间集中度。分析的目的是确定有潜力充分利用文化资本作为可持续区域发展和制定文化政策的工具的区域和地区。聚类分析指出,斯洛伐克各个地区和地区文化机构的代表性存在显著差异。具有最理想结果的地区(例如布拉迪斯拉发、特尔纳瓦或尼特拉)具有与当地环境相关的一些共同特征,例如历史发展、良好的基础设施、教育机构的集中。研究结果还证实了一个假设,即在区域内,文化机构将集中在较大的区级城市,特别是在布拉迪斯拉发,甚至在城市内。从聚类分析中,可以观察到斯洛伐克南部、中部和东部的“地区带”,这些地区没有足够的文化基础设施。由于斯洛伐克目前正在制定文化产业支持政策,我们认为将形势绘制成政策制定过程中的关键因素之一。
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引用次数: 2
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Muzeologia a Kulturne Dedicstvo-Museology and Cultural Heritage
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