Pub Date : 2016-05-03DOI: 10.1109/WFCS.2016.7496526
Sinisa Derasevic, M. Barranco, J. Proenza
Distributed Embedded Control Systems (DECSs) used for Real-Time (RT) critical applications must satisfy stringent time requirements and attain high reliability. FTT-Ethernet provides nodes of DECSs with real-time communication capabilities, but does not include Fault Tolerance (FT) mechanisms. The FT4FTT project aims at proposing a complete FT architecture for RT critical DECSs. It uses a duplicated switched FTT-Ethernet star and active node replication with consistent distributed majority voting to respectively tolerate channel and node faults. However, FT4FTT, in its current state, still lacks mechanisms to prevent node redundancy attrition due to temporary faults affecting the nodes and channel, which are the most likely types of faults in DESs. This paper presents our ongoing work to complete the FT4FTT architecture with appropriate fault-diagnosis and reintegration mechanisms that overcome this limitation.
{"title":"Designing fault-diagnosis and reintegration to prevent node redundancy attrition in highly reliable control systems based on FTT-Ethernet","authors":"Sinisa Derasevic, M. Barranco, J. Proenza","doi":"10.1109/WFCS.2016.7496526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFCS.2016.7496526","url":null,"abstract":"Distributed Embedded Control Systems (DECSs) used for Real-Time (RT) critical applications must satisfy stringent time requirements and attain high reliability. FTT-Ethernet provides nodes of DECSs with real-time communication capabilities, but does not include Fault Tolerance (FT) mechanisms. The FT4FTT project aims at proposing a complete FT architecture for RT critical DECSs. It uses a duplicated switched FTT-Ethernet star and active node replication with consistent distributed majority voting to respectively tolerate channel and node faults. However, FT4FTT, in its current state, still lacks mechanisms to prevent node redundancy attrition due to temporary faults affecting the nodes and channel, which are the most likely types of faults in DESs. This paper presents our ongoing work to complete the FT4FTT architecture with appropriate fault-diagnosis and reintegration mechanisms that overcome this limitation.","PeriodicalId":413770,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE World Conference on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)","volume":"128 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124857038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-05-03DOI: 10.1109/WFCS.2016.7496530
Lukasz Wisniewski, V. Wendt, J. Jasperneite, C. Diedrich
Scheduling of time triggered communication systems belongs to the well known hard mathematical optimization problems. This paper tackles the communication scheduling problem in redundant network topologies, where the real-time process data has to be duplicated and sent on two different paths to its destination. This paper proposes an algorithm that is able to find a feasible schedule in a short time, while keeping the makespan of the schedule in average 10% shorter than the makespan of the schedule produced by a commercial tool, which is the current benchmark.
{"title":"Scheduling of PROFINET IRT communication in redundant network topologies","authors":"Lukasz Wisniewski, V. Wendt, J. Jasperneite, C. Diedrich","doi":"10.1109/WFCS.2016.7496530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFCS.2016.7496530","url":null,"abstract":"Scheduling of time triggered communication systems belongs to the well known hard mathematical optimization problems. This paper tackles the communication scheduling problem in redundant network topologies, where the real-time process data has to be duplicated and sent on two different paths to its destination. This paper proposes an algorithm that is able to find a feasible schedule in a short time, while keeping the makespan of the schedule in average 10% shorter than the makespan of the schedule produced by a commercial tool, which is the current benchmark.","PeriodicalId":413770,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE World Conference on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)","volume":"22 6S 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122811303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-05-03DOI: 10.1109/WFCS.2016.7496515
Julius Pfrommer, Sten Grüner, Florian Palm
OPC UA and DDS are communication protocols for the Industrial Internet. However, they make use of contrasting communication patterns and represent different architectural styles. We discuss these differences and their impact in an Industrial Internet and Internet of Things context. Further, we show up the possibilities for hybrid implementations leveraging the features of both OPC UA and DDS. For this, we provide a) a mapping of the OPC UA data types into DDS and b) a set of DDS quality of service policies that match the guarantees made by the standard OPC UA binary protocol.
{"title":"Hybrid OPC UA and DDS: Combining architectural styles for the industrial internet","authors":"Julius Pfrommer, Sten Grüner, Florian Palm","doi":"10.1109/WFCS.2016.7496515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFCS.2016.7496515","url":null,"abstract":"OPC UA and DDS are communication protocols for the Industrial Internet. However, they make use of contrasting communication patterns and represent different architectural styles. We discuss these differences and their impact in an Industrial Internet and Internet of Things context. Further, we show up the possibilities for hybrid implementations leveraging the features of both OPC UA and DDS. For this, we provide a) a mapping of the OPC UA data types into DDS and b) a set of DDS quality of service policies that match the guarantees made by the standard OPC UA binary protocol.","PeriodicalId":413770,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE World Conference on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)","volume":"163 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134195086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-05-03DOI: 10.1109/WFCS.2016.7496517
B. Hirschler, T. Sauter
In recent years, the Internet Protocol (IP) has become a common basis for communication in several automation domains. For smart grids, it is even more beneficial because it brings a unification aspect into a field characterized by a variety of heterogeneous communication protocols which are in use today for various functions and services inside a smart grid. Besides, IP offers a convenient approach to implement security in the communication infrastructure by using its native security extension, IPsec. Nevertheless, IPsec was originally devised for IT environments and not for automation networks. This article therefore analyses the performance impact of IPv6 and IPsec on the end-to-end communication in resource-limited devices using Intel and ARM architectures, respectively. Based on standard Linux as an operating system, we employ a lean measurement setup which can be used even on devices with limited processing power without influencing the measurement results too much. The experimental results show that the influence of security features on the processing time of IPv6 packets is below one millisecond, which should be feasible for many smart grid applications.
{"title":"Performance impact of IPsec in resource-limited smart grid communication","authors":"B. Hirschler, T. Sauter","doi":"10.1109/WFCS.2016.7496517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFCS.2016.7496517","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, the Internet Protocol (IP) has become a common basis for communication in several automation domains. For smart grids, it is even more beneficial because it brings a unification aspect into a field characterized by a variety of heterogeneous communication protocols which are in use today for various functions and services inside a smart grid. Besides, IP offers a convenient approach to implement security in the communication infrastructure by using its native security extension, IPsec. Nevertheless, IPsec was originally devised for IT environments and not for automation networks. This article therefore analyses the performance impact of IPv6 and IPsec on the end-to-end communication in resource-limited devices using Intel and ARM architectures, respectively. Based on standard Linux as an operating system, we employ a lean measurement setup which can be used even on devices with limited processing power without influencing the measurement results too much. The experimental results show that the influence of security features on the processing time of IPv6 packets is below one millisecond, which should be feasible for many smart grid applications.","PeriodicalId":413770,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE World Conference on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121092762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-05-03DOI: 10.1109/WFCS.2016.7496510
M. Ashjaei, Y. Du, L. Almeida, M. Behnam, Thomas Nolte
The ability of reconfiguring a system during runtime is essential for dynamic real-time applications in which resource usage is traded online for quality of service. The HaRTES switch, which is a modified Ethernet switch, holds this ability for the network resource, and at the same time it provides hard real-time support for both periodic and sporadic traffic. Although the HaRTES switch technologically caters this ability, a protocol to actually perform the dynamic reconfiguration is missing in multi-hop HaRTES networks. In this paper we introduce such a protocol that is compatible with the traffic scheduling method used in the architecture. We prove the correctness of the protocol using a model checking technique. Moreover, we conduct a set of simulation experiments to show the performance of the protocol and we also show that the reconfiguration process is terminated within a bounded time.
{"title":"Dynamic reconfiguration in HaRTES switched ethernet networks","authors":"M. Ashjaei, Y. Du, L. Almeida, M. Behnam, Thomas Nolte","doi":"10.1109/WFCS.2016.7496510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFCS.2016.7496510","url":null,"abstract":"The ability of reconfiguring a system during runtime is essential for dynamic real-time applications in which resource usage is traded online for quality of service. The HaRTES switch, which is a modified Ethernet switch, holds this ability for the network resource, and at the same time it provides hard real-time support for both periodic and sporadic traffic. Although the HaRTES switch technologically caters this ability, a protocol to actually perform the dynamic reconfiguration is missing in multi-hop HaRTES networks. In this paper we introduce such a protocol that is compatible with the traffic scheduling method used in the architecture. We prove the correctness of the protocol using a model checking technique. Moreover, we conduct a set of simulation experiments to show the performance of the protocol and we also show that the reconfiguration process is terminated within a bounded time.","PeriodicalId":413770,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE World Conference on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121570467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-05-03DOI: 10.1109/WFCS.2016.7496508
A. Mahmood, T. Sauter, H. Trsek, R. Exel
IEEE 802.11 Wireless Local Area Networks are an appealing complement, if not an alternative, to Ethernet-based industrial solutions because it not only can match Ethernet's high throughput but also leads to reduced costs and more system-design flexibility. However, like in Ethernet, clock synchronization service for applications has not been inherently present in IEEE 802.11. This paper analyzes the clock synchronization mechanisms of IEEE 802.11, which has become a major communication technology to establish the Internet of Things in industries, and how they can be used to provide high precision clock synchronization. In doing so, this work discusses the different parameters which can affect the performance of clock synchronization over the wireless channel, such as timestamping quality, clock adjustment, and synchronization overhead. An outlook to the future includes the new trends for synchronization for wired-wireless hybrid and fully wireless mesh networks where the IEEE 802.1AS audio video bridging networks and IEEE 802.11s mesh networks are leading the line, respectively.
{"title":"Methods and performance aspects for wireless clock synchronization in IEEE 802.11 for the IoT","authors":"A. Mahmood, T. Sauter, H. Trsek, R. Exel","doi":"10.1109/WFCS.2016.7496508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFCS.2016.7496508","url":null,"abstract":"IEEE 802.11 Wireless Local Area Networks are an appealing complement, if not an alternative, to Ethernet-based industrial solutions because it not only can match Ethernet's high throughput but also leads to reduced costs and more system-design flexibility. However, like in Ethernet, clock synchronization service for applications has not been inherently present in IEEE 802.11. This paper analyzes the clock synchronization mechanisms of IEEE 802.11, which has become a major communication technology to establish the Internet of Things in industries, and how they can be used to provide high precision clock synchronization. In doing so, this work discusses the different parameters which can affect the performance of clock synchronization over the wireless channel, such as timestamping quality, clock adjustment, and synchronization overhead. An outlook to the future includes the new trends for synchronization for wired-wireless hybrid and fully wireless mesh networks where the IEEE 802.1AS audio video bridging networks and IEEE 802.11s mesh networks are leading the line, respectively.","PeriodicalId":413770,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE World Conference on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122657099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-05-03DOI: 10.1109/WFCS.2016.7496499
Daniel Hallmans, Kristian Sandström, Thomas Nolte, S. Larsson
Industrial control systems often exhibit a need for short latencies and/or consistent data gathering. In a system with limited resources it is a challenge to achieve the combination of short latencies and consistent data. In this paper we propose three different architectural solutions to this challenge, each having different trade-offs: one that gives a consistent set of data and also a short latency but with a higher resource usage, a second alternative that reduces resource needs but at the cost of an increased latency, and a third and final solution that reduces resource needs to a minimum but in doing so also increasing the latency. The results presented in this paper suggest that it is possible to get low latency and robustness at the cost of performance.
{"title":"Consistent sensor values on a real-time ethernet network","authors":"Daniel Hallmans, Kristian Sandström, Thomas Nolte, S. Larsson","doi":"10.1109/WFCS.2016.7496499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFCS.2016.7496499","url":null,"abstract":"Industrial control systems often exhibit a need for short latencies and/or consistent data gathering. In a system with limited resources it is a challenge to achieve the combination of short latencies and consistent data. In this paper we propose three different architectural solutions to this challenge, each having different trade-offs: one that gives a consistent set of data and also a short latency but with a higher resource usage, a second alternative that reduces resource needs but at the cost of an increased latency, and a third and final solution that reduces resource needs to a minimum but in doing so also increasing the latency. The results presented in this paper suggest that it is possible to get low latency and robustness at the cost of performance.","PeriodicalId":413770,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE World Conference on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127758522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-05-03DOI: 10.1109/WFCS.2016.7496532
Luís Silva, P. Pedreiras, L. Almeida, J. Ferreira
The Vehicular Time-Triggered Protocol (V-FTT) is an infra-structured communication protocol for vehicular communications, based on IEEE802.11p/ETSI ITS-G5 standards, that brings improved timeliness and determinism by taking advantage of cooperative roadside units interconnected by a backhauling network. In a previous work, the use of a Spatial TDMA framework (STDMA) to improve both coverage and communication reliability on V-FTT networks was proposed. A set of experiments, carried out in a real scenario, proved that STDMA brings coverage and reliability improvements but with limitations. Particularly, the obtained results show that in order to obtain low message error rates, a prohibitively high number of roadside units may be required. Selective message retransmission is a well-known time-domain redundancy technique, which has been also explored for vehicular communications. However, the simultaneous combination of both space- and time-domain techniques has yet to be explored. This paper presents a preliminary study of the potential benefits of such approach. Data extracted from an experimental system deployment in a Portuguese highway was used to derive a realistic error-rate model. Based on this model, simulations were carried out to assess and validate the potential benefits of such hybrid approach.
{"title":"Combining Spatial and temporal dynamic scheduling techniques on wireless vehicular communications","authors":"Luís Silva, P. Pedreiras, L. Almeida, J. Ferreira","doi":"10.1109/WFCS.2016.7496532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFCS.2016.7496532","url":null,"abstract":"The Vehicular Time-Triggered Protocol (V-FTT) is an infra-structured communication protocol for vehicular communications, based on IEEE802.11p/ETSI ITS-G5 standards, that brings improved timeliness and determinism by taking advantage of cooperative roadside units interconnected by a backhauling network. In a previous work, the use of a Spatial TDMA framework (STDMA) to improve both coverage and communication reliability on V-FTT networks was proposed. A set of experiments, carried out in a real scenario, proved that STDMA brings coverage and reliability improvements but with limitations. Particularly, the obtained results show that in order to obtain low message error rates, a prohibitively high number of roadside units may be required. Selective message retransmission is a well-known time-domain redundancy technique, which has been also explored for vehicular communications. However, the simultaneous combination of both space- and time-domain techniques has yet to be explored. This paper presents a preliminary study of the potential benefits of such approach. Data extracted from an experimental system deployment in a Portuguese highway was used to derive a realistic error-rate model. Based on this model, simulations were carried out to assess and validate the potential benefits of such hybrid approach.","PeriodicalId":413770,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE World Conference on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133313351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-05-03DOI: 10.1109/WFCS.2016.7496512
Qi Wang, K. Jaffrès-Runser, Yongjun Xu, Jean-Luc Scharbarg, Zhulin An, C. Fraboul
Wireless networks have become a very attractive solution for soft real-time data transport in the industry. For such technologies to carry real-time traffic, reliable bounds on end-to-end communication delays have to be ascertained to warrant a proper system behavior. As for legacy wired embedded and real-time networks, two main wireless multiple access methods can be leveraged: (i) time division multiple access (TDMA), which follows a time-triggered paradigm and (ii) Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA), which follows an event-triggered paradigm. This paper proposes an analytical comparison of the time behavior of two representative TDMA and CSMA/CA protocols in terms of worst-case end-to-end delay. This worst-case delay is expressed in a probabilistic manner because our analytical framework captures the versatility of the wireless medium. Analytical delay bounds are obtained from delay distributions, which are compared to fine-grained simulation results. Exhibited study cases show that TDMA can offer smaller or larger worst-case bounds than CSMA/CA depending on its settings.
{"title":"TDMA versus CSMA/CA for wireless multi-hop communications: A comparison for soft real-time networking","authors":"Qi Wang, K. Jaffrès-Runser, Yongjun Xu, Jean-Luc Scharbarg, Zhulin An, C. Fraboul","doi":"10.1109/WFCS.2016.7496512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFCS.2016.7496512","url":null,"abstract":"Wireless networks have become a very attractive solution for soft real-time data transport in the industry. For such technologies to carry real-time traffic, reliable bounds on end-to-end communication delays have to be ascertained to warrant a proper system behavior. As for legacy wired embedded and real-time networks, two main wireless multiple access methods can be leveraged: (i) time division multiple access (TDMA), which follows a time-triggered paradigm and (ii) Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA), which follows an event-triggered paradigm. This paper proposes an analytical comparison of the time behavior of two representative TDMA and CSMA/CA protocols in terms of worst-case end-to-end delay. This worst-case delay is expressed in a probabilistic manner because our analytical framework captures the versatility of the wireless medium. Analytical delay bounds are obtained from delay distributions, which are compared to fine-grained simulation results. Exhibited study cases show that TDMA can offer smaller or larger worst-case bounds than CSMA/CA depending on its settings.","PeriodicalId":413770,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE World Conference on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114796454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-05-03DOI: 10.1109/WFCS.2016.7496500
Hector Leon, C. Montez, M. Stemmer, F. Vasques
IEC 61850 is a communication standard for electrical Substation Automation Systems (SAS). It defines both the information model and services used for communication between Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) in a substation. The adoption of this standard brings several advantages for the design and operation of substations. The abstract data models defined in IEC 61850 can be mapped upon application protocols, such as MMS, GOOSE or SMV. These protocols can run upon TCP/IP networks or upon specific high speed Ethernet LANs, in order to match the timing requirements associated to protective relaying mechanisms. For the specific case of GOOSE messages, the standard specifies the use of VLANs (Virtual LANs) with priority tagging (IEEE 802.1q) to implement separate virtual networks with the appropriate message priority levels, in order to ensure the specified response times. The lack of adequate simulation models that enable the response time assessment of both SMV and GOOSE messages is one of the shortcomings of available simulation tools. In this paper, we propose simulation models for the IEC 61850 communication standard, targeting application that use GOOSE and SMV messages. This simulation models has been built upon OMNeT++/INET. The simulation results obtained from a typical IEC 61850 communication scenario show the effectiveness of the developed models. Some of these results have been experimentally validated.
{"title":"Simulation models for IEC 61850 communication in electrical substations using GOOSE and SMV time-critical messages","authors":"Hector Leon, C. Montez, M. Stemmer, F. Vasques","doi":"10.1109/WFCS.2016.7496500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFCS.2016.7496500","url":null,"abstract":"IEC 61850 is a communication standard for electrical Substation Automation Systems (SAS). It defines both the information model and services used for communication between Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) in a substation. The adoption of this standard brings several advantages for the design and operation of substations. The abstract data models defined in IEC 61850 can be mapped upon application protocols, such as MMS, GOOSE or SMV. These protocols can run upon TCP/IP networks or upon specific high speed Ethernet LANs, in order to match the timing requirements associated to protective relaying mechanisms. For the specific case of GOOSE messages, the standard specifies the use of VLANs (Virtual LANs) with priority tagging (IEEE 802.1q) to implement separate virtual networks with the appropriate message priority levels, in order to ensure the specified response times. The lack of adequate simulation models that enable the response time assessment of both SMV and GOOSE messages is one of the shortcomings of available simulation tools. In this paper, we propose simulation models for the IEC 61850 communication standard, targeting application that use GOOSE and SMV messages. This simulation models has been built upon OMNeT++/INET. The simulation results obtained from a typical IEC 61850 communication scenario show the effectiveness of the developed models. Some of these results have been experimentally validated.","PeriodicalId":413770,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE World Conference on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115381771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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