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2016 IEEE World Conference on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)最新文献

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Extending publish/subscribe mechanisms to SOA applications 将发布/订阅机制扩展到SOA应用程序
Pub Date : 2016-05-03 DOI: 10.1109/WFCS.2016.7496528
M. Albano, L. Ferreira, Jose Sousa
The Arrowhead Framework is a European effort that aims to apply Service Oriented Architecture to the embedded systems' world. The Event Handler system is a component that supports the handling of events, and in that sense it enriches service-oriented applications with the capabilities of interacting via the publish/subscribe paradigm. In fact, the Event Handler system is in charge of the notification of events that occur in a given Arrowhead compliant installation, manages producers and consumers of events, allows filtering of messages, and manages historical data regarding events. This latter capability is performed either on local files, on a database, or through another component of the Arrowhead Framework - the Historian system. The net result of the integration of the Event Handler in an Arrowhead Framework simplifies and empowers the communication of its components, as it is demonstrated in the paper with two examples: the management of application faults, and the support to quality of service of orchestrated services.
箭头框架是欧洲的一项努力,旨在将面向服务的体系结构应用于嵌入式系统领域。事件处理程序系统是一个支持事件处理的组件,从这个意义上说,它通过发布/订阅范例的交互功能丰富了面向服务的应用程序。实际上,事件处理程序系统负责通知给定的符合arrow的安装中发生的事件,管理事件的生产者和消费者,允许过滤消息,并管理有关事件的历史数据。后一种功能可以在本地文件、数据库上执行,也可以通过箭头框架的另一个组件——历史学家系统执行。在箭头框架中集成事件处理程序的最终结果简化了其组件之间的通信,并增强了通信能力,正如本文通过两个示例所演示的那样:应用程序错误的管理,以及对编排服务的服务质量的支持。
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引用次数: 16
Experimental validation of a battery model for low-power nodes in Wireless Sensor Networks 无线传感器网络中低功耗节点电池模型的实验验证
Pub Date : 2016-05-03 DOI: 10.1109/WFCS.2016.7496519
L. Rodrigues, C. Montez, F. Vasques, P. Portugal
Energy consumption is a major problem in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) since in most scenarios nodes operate on batteries with reduced size and low capacity. Battery lifetime estimation is therefore crucial to evaluate the network behavior over time. In addition, battery lifetime estimation is a major challenge since it depends on many factors, such as the duty cycle of supported applications and the intrinsic chemical reactions within the batteries. Several battery models have been proposed to deal with battery lifetime estimation. However, most of the available models address only high-capacity batteries. This paper discusses a method for extracting the parameters for the Kinetic Battery Model (KiBaM) used within WSN context. The target is to define a battery model that helps to estimate the lifetime of nodes using low-capacity batteries and which operate in a duty cycle scheme. Results show that KiBaM is an adequate model for WSNs since it presents low error when compared with experimental results using real batteries.
能量消耗是无线传感器网络(WSNs)的主要问题,因为在大多数情况下,节点运行在小尺寸和低容量的电池上。因此,电池寿命估计对于评估网络随时间变化的行为至关重要。此外,电池寿命估计是一个主要挑战,因为它取决于许多因素,例如支持应用的占空比和电池内部的固有化学反应。已经提出了几种电池模型来处理电池寿命估计。然而,大多数可用的型号只针对高容量电池。本文讨论了一种用于无线传感器网络的动态电池模型(KiBaM)的参数提取方法。目标是定义一个电池模型,该模型有助于估计使用低容量电池并在占空比方案下运行的节点的寿命。结果表明,与实际电池的实验结果相比,KiBaM模型具有较低的误差,是一种适合于无线传感器网络的模型。
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引用次数: 7
Co-operative peer-to-peer systems for industrial middleware 工业中间件的协作点对点系统
Pub Date : 2016-05-03 DOI: 10.1109/WFCS.2016.7496497
A. Ismail, W. Kastner
With the ever-increasing emphasis on the importance of vertical integration for the fourth industrial revolution (Industrie 4.0), we contend that the largest potential lies in the replacement of single-purpose gateway-ing solutions with distributed gateway service bus (GSB) technologies. Within this paper, we primarily focus on the aspect of routing between variously grouped GSB components. We base our study on the premise that the most applicable technologies for such a scenario would be those of inter-system routing protocols from the domain of peer-to-peer (P2P) cooperative systems networking. We therefore summarize the basic principles governing such protocols and, using them, present a study that observes the conversion of a single system P2P networking protocol into an inter-system routing protocol. The final protocol is evaluated extensively using 50 Xen-based virtual machines deployed on 32-bit embedded devices and a 64-bit server.
随着第四次工业革命(工业4.0)对垂直集成重要性的日益强调,我们认为最大的潜力在于用分布式网关服务总线(GSB)技术取代单一用途的网关解决方案。在本文中,我们主要关注不同分组的GSB组件之间的路由方面。我们的研究基于这样一个前提,即这种情况下最适用的技术将是来自点对点(P2P)合作系统网络领域的系统间路由协议。因此,我们总结了管理这些协议的基本原则,并使用它们,提出了一项研究,观察了将单个系统P2P网络协议转换为系统间路由协议的过程。使用部署在32位嵌入式设备和64位服务器上的50台基于xen的虚拟机对最终协议进行了广泛评估。
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引用次数: 5
Flexible factory automation: Potentials of contactless transmission systems, combining state-of-the-art technologies 灵活的工厂自动化:结合最先进技术的非接触式传输系统的潜力
Pub Date : 2016-05-03 DOI: 10.1109/WFCS.2016.7496533
D. Wesemann, S. Witte, A. Schmelter, R. Hes
The reduction of wires and connections is a fundamental necessity for upcoming industrial 4.0 solutions, requiring a large amount of reconfigurability and flexibility. Our research focuses on recent ways of combining energy and data transmission in single contactless transducers, enabling easy installation, maintenance and possible fulfilment of high protection classes. While this approach can typically be solved by combining Wifi and inductive energy transfer, the Wifi aspect is often limited by the available media access and channel occupation. Another issue is the real time capability of Wifi or other wireless transmission protocols like IEEE 802.15.4. While creating a new wireless or contactless standard is beyond the focus of this work, we concentrate on combining existing technologies and their interoperability. This includes powerline communication systems, near field data transmission and inductive energy transfer mechanisms.
减少电线和连接是即将到来的工业4.0解决方案的基本需求,需要大量的可重构性和灵活性。我们的研究重点是在单个非接触式传感器中结合能量和数据传输的最新方法,从而易于安装,维护并可能实现高保护等级。虽然这种方法通常可以通过结合Wifi和感应能量传输来解决,但Wifi方面往往受到可用媒体访问和信道占用的限制。另一个问题是Wifi或其他无线传输协议(如IEEE 802.15.4)的实时能力。虽然创建新的无线或非接触式标准超出了这项工作的重点,但我们专注于结合现有技术及其互操作性。这包括电力线通信系统,近场数据传输和感应能量传输机制。
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引用次数: 1
A modular web framework for socio-CPS-based condition monitoring 基于社会cps的状态监测的模块化web框架
Pub Date : 2016-05-03 DOI: 10.1109/WFCS.2016.7496509
Hans Fleischmann, Johannes Kohl, J. Franke
The increasing complexity of production plants in the context of Industry 4.0 poses new challenges with regards to technical maintenance. In industrial domains, Condition Monitoring Systems (CMS) enable fault-tolerant, predictable production systems. Unfortunately, CMS development is challenging due to the distribution of computational tasks among heterogeneous industrial Internet of Things and Services (IoTS)-architectures. It is usually started from scratch, which is time-consuming and error-prone. In times of IoTS the employee as a maintenance worker, who ensures the availability of production machinery, is still important. In order to address these challenges, we propose a modular framework for web-based condition monitoring and fault diagnostics. The implementation relies on technologies such as Hypertext Markup Language 5 (HTML5), JavaScript (JS) and node.j s as well as industrial internet communication standards. Finally, verification and validation are performed in a case study on a modular robot cell for the inspection of electronic assemblies.
在工业4.0的背景下,生产工厂的复杂性日益增加,对技术维护提出了新的挑战。在工业领域,状态监测系统(CMS)可以实现容错、可预测的生产系统。不幸的是,由于计算任务在异构工业物联网和服务(iot)架构之间的分布,CMS的开发具有挑战性。它通常从头开始,这既耗时又容易出错。在物联网时代,员工作为维护人员,确保生产机器的可用性,仍然很重要。为了应对这些挑战,我们提出了一个基于web的状态监测和故障诊断的模块化框架。实现依赖于超文本标记语言5 (HTML5)、JavaScript (JS)和node等技术。以及工业互联网通信标准。最后,在一个用于电子组件检测的模块化机器人单元的案例研究中进行了验证和验证。
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引用次数: 11
A geometrical approach to compute source prioritization based on target viewing in wireless visual sensor networks 无线视觉传感器网络中基于目标观察的源优先级几何计算方法
Pub Date : 2016-05-03 DOI: 10.1109/WFCS.2016.7496516
C. Duran-Faundez, D. G. Costa, V. Lecuire, F. Vasques
In wireless visual sensor networks comprised of multiple camera-enabled sensors, source prioritization can be exploited to soften the impact of congestion, packet loss and energy depletion when higher relevant packets are processed. However, for such optimizations, source nodes have to be properly prioritized according to some effective metric. When performing visual sensing over moving targets, sensors may view different parts of the targets, which may have particular relevance for monitoring applications. In this context, this paper proposes a low-cost mathematical approach that associates a priority level to each visual source node according to the viewed segments of the targets' perimeter, and such priority may then be exploited for a large set of optimizations. A complete mathematical formulation and numerical results are presented to base the proposed approach.
在由多个支持摄像头的传感器组成的无线视觉传感器网络中,可以利用源优先级来减轻处理更高相关数据包时的拥塞、数据包丢失和能量消耗的影响。然而,对于这样的优化,源节点必须根据一些有效的指标进行适当的优先级排序。当对移动目标进行视觉感知时,传感器可以看到目标的不同部分,这可能与监测应用特别相关。在这种情况下,本文提出了一种低成本的数学方法,该方法根据目标周长的观察段将每个可视源节点的优先级关联起来,然后可以利用这种优先级进行大量优化。给出了一个完整的数学公式和数值结果。
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引用次数: 4
Detecting communication blackout in industrial Wireless Sensor Networks 工业无线传感器网络通信中断检测
Pub Date : 2016-05-03 DOI: 10.1109/WFCS.2016.7496502
S. Grimaldi, M. Gidlund, T. Lennvall, Filip Barac
Communication blackout is one of the most serious pitfalls of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) in industrial automation context. The industrial radio channel exhibits pronounced effects of multipath fading and wireless LAN (WLAN) interference that can potentially lead to temporary communication failures, as well as complete isolation of network devices. The current IWSN standards adopt known countermeasures to cope with the harshness of the radio channel, but they lack solutions specifically oriented to detect blackouts and self-recover the communication fulfilling hard deadline constraints. In this work we focus on the problem of blackout detection with specific interest for the WirelessHART standard, introducing a Blackout Detection Service (BDS) expressly addressed to multi-hop periodic communication with sensors and actuators. The BDS monitors end-to-end acknowledgement messages and builds specific metrics to promptly identify communication outages, enabling three criticality classes. The algorithm is tested in the ns-2 network simulator and results show that the proposed system is able to detect blackout events with reaction delays of the order of 4-5 times the refresh rate of nodes and to discriminate between small and temporary network issues and serious blackout scenarios, opening the field for recovery strategies.
通信中断是工业自动化环境下无线传感器网络(WSN)最严重的缺陷之一。工业无线电信道表现出明显的多径衰落和无线局域网(WLAN)干扰的影响,这些干扰可能导致暂时的通信故障,以及网络设备的完全隔离。目前的IWSN标准采用已知的对策来应对无线电信道的严酷,但它们缺乏专门针对检测停电和自恢复通信的解决方案,以满足硬截止日期约束。在这项工作中,我们专注于对无线shart标准特别感兴趣的停电检测问题,引入了专门针对与传感器和执行器的多跳周期性通信的停电检测服务(BDS)。BDS监控端到端确认消息,并构建特定指标以迅速识别通信中断,支持三种临界级别。该算法在ns-2网络模拟器上进行了测试,结果表明,该系统能够检测到响应延迟为节点刷新率的4-5倍的停电事件,并能够区分小型和临时网络问题与严重停电场景,为恢复策略开辟了领域。
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引用次数: 6
On providing real-time guarantees in cloud-based platforms 在基于云的平台上提供实时保障
Pub Date : 2016-05-03 DOI: 10.1109/WFCS.2016.7496534
Meng Liu, Cezar Chiru, M. Behnam, Kristian Sandström, Thomas Nolte
Cloud technologies are gaining more and more attentions in recent years. Cloud-based service brings benefits in cost, energy efficiency, sharing of resources, increased flexibility, adaptability and evolvability. However, there are a number of associated challenges that need to be properly addressed before applying the cloud technique generally in industries. Providing efficient and predictable computation and communication is one of the important challenges, since many industrial systems (e.g. a control system) have specific timing requirements. Our current work thus focuses on guaranteeing the predictability of a cloud-based service. Virtualization, as one of the key technologies in Cloud Computing, is used to abstract details of resources away from end-services which simplifies the resource sharing. It thus improves the resource utilization and saves budget for end-users. In this preliminary work, we have implemented a distributed system using virtualization techniques (including virtual machines and virtual switches). Additionally, we generate a number of experiments to investigate how QoS policies can help us to provide real-time communication guarantees.
近年来,云技术越来越受到人们的关注。基于云的服务在成本、能源效率、资源共享、增强的灵活性、适应性和可发展性方面带来了好处。然而,在将云技术广泛应用于各行业之前,需要适当解决许多相关的挑战。提供高效和可预测的计算和通信是一个重要的挑战,因为许多工业系统(例如控制系统)有特定的定时要求。因此,我们目前的工作重点是保证基于云的服务的可预测性。虚拟化是云计算的关键技术之一,它将资源的细节从终端服务中抽象出来,简化了资源的共享。从而提高了资源利用率,并为最终用户节省了预算。在这项初步工作中,我们使用虚拟化技术(包括虚拟机和虚拟交换机)实现了一个分布式系统。此外,我们生成了许多实验来研究QoS策略如何帮助我们提供实时通信保证。
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引用次数: 1
A first qualitative comparison of the admission control in FTT-SE, HaRTES and AVB 首次定性比较FTT-SE、HaRTES和AVB的入院控制
Pub Date : 2016-05-03 DOI: 10.1109/WFCS.2016.7496524
I. Álvarez, L. Almeida, J. Proenza
Ethernet is gaining importance in fields such as automation, avionics and automotive. In these fields novel multimedia-based applications must coexist with traditional control systems, which leads to high diversity in size, intensity and timing requirements of the traffic traversing the channel. Multimedia traffic is characterised by having large size, low intensity and soft real-time requirements, while control traffic usually conveys small amounts of information with a high intensity and hard real-time requirements. Moreover, many modern applications must support on-line connection and disconnection of participants. Since Ethernet was designed as a general purpose data network protocol it lacks appropriate support for real-time communications and dynamic quality of service management. Several protocols were proposed to cope with these drawbacks, including Flexible Time-Triggered Switched Ethernet and, more recently, Audio Video Bridging. In this paper we discuss the importance of the admission control and make a comparison of the implementations carried out in the aforementioned protocols.
以太网在自动化、航空电子和汽车等领域越来越重要。在这些领域中,基于多媒体的新型应用必须与传统的控制系统共存,这导致穿越信道的流量在规模、强度和时序要求上存在很大差异。多媒体流量具有规模大、强度低、软实时性要求的特点,而控制流量通常信息量小、强度高、实时性要求强。此外,许多现代应用程序必须支持参与者在线连接和断开连接。由于以太网被设计为通用数据网络协议,因此缺乏对实时通信和动态服务质量管理的适当支持。提出了几种协议来应对这些缺点,包括灵活的时间触发交换以太网和最近的音频视频桥接。本文讨论了接纳控制的重要性,并对上述协议的实现进行了比较。
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引用次数: 5
Analysis of realizing a future industrial network by means of Software-Defined Networking (SDN) 用软件定义网络(SDN)实现未来工业网络的分析
Pub Date : 2016-05-03 DOI: 10.1109/WFCS.2016.7496525
D. Henneke, Lukasz Wisniewski, J. Jasperneite
Software-Defined Networking (SDN) is a promising approach to build future industrial networks. The disruptive change of network architecture and management opens new possibilities in various application domains. While the approach is already deployed in several domains and was also initially examined to be used in the industrial area, many open questions arise when assessing the risks and improvements to be expected. The following work presents features of a potential future industrial network infrastructure and sets up requirements that are important for future communications. It reviews basics of SDN and correlates existing work to the specified requirements. Finally, it presents open questions and room for future research.
软件定义网络(SDN)是构建未来工业网络的一种很有前途的方法。网络架构和管理的颠覆性变革为各种应用领域开辟了新的可能性。虽然该方法已经在几个领域得到应用,并初步研究了在工业领域的应用,但在评估风险和预期的改进时,出现了许多悬而未决的问题。下面的工作介绍了潜在的未来工业网络基础设施的特点,并建立了对未来通信很重要的要求。它回顾了SDN的基础知识,并将现有工作与指定的需求相关联。最后,它提出了开放的问题和未来的研究空间。
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引用次数: 51
期刊
2016 IEEE World Conference on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)
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