Pub Date : 2018-01-02DOI: 10.1080/14790963.2018.1492684
Alexander Maxwell
ABSTRACT During the nineteenth century, nationalists in Wales and Slovakia attempted to promote national goals by attempting to persuade English and Hungarian leaders to freely grant collective rights to the ‘subordinate’ nation. This strategy of ‘supplicant’ nationalism included effusive declarations of loyalty to the common state, exaggerated claims to moral superiority, and flattering comments about the ‘dominant’ nation. Supplicant nationalism closely resembles what Will Kymlicka called the struggle for ‘polyethnic rights’, but can still be seen as a form of nationalism.
{"title":"‘Supplicant Nationalism’ in Slovakia and Wales: Polyethnic Rights During the Nineteenth Century","authors":"Alexander Maxwell","doi":"10.1080/14790963.2018.1492684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14790963.2018.1492684","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT During the nineteenth century, nationalists in Wales and Slovakia attempted to promote national goals by attempting to persuade English and Hungarian leaders to freely grant collective rights to the ‘subordinate’ nation. This strategy of ‘supplicant’ nationalism included effusive declarations of loyalty to the common state, exaggerated claims to moral superiority, and flattering comments about the ‘dominant’ nation. Supplicant nationalism closely resembles what Will Kymlicka called the struggle for ‘polyethnic rights’, but can still be seen as a form of nationalism.","PeriodicalId":41396,"journal":{"name":"Central Europe","volume":"33 1","pages":"29 - 50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2018-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86980620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-02DOI: 10.1080/14790963.2018.1498575
Ian D. Armour
{"title":"Forging a Multinational State: State Making in Imperial Austria from the Enlightenment to the First World War","authors":"Ian D. Armour","doi":"10.1080/14790963.2018.1498575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14790963.2018.1498575","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41396,"journal":{"name":"Central Europe","volume":"13 1","pages":"53 - 55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2018-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81020734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-02DOI: 10.1080/14790963.2018.1492681
Matilde Eiroa
ABSTRACT After the Second World War, anti-communists of different backgrounds from Central and Eastern European countries decided to settle in Franco’s Spain, where they sought safety and a place to live during the Cold War. This article will provide an overview of their political profiles and assess the reasons these exiles chose Spain, a country excluded from the United Nations until 1955 and led by Francisco Franco. The article also shows how they settled in the dictatorship linked to the Nazis and Italian Fascists, and the ways in which they continued their struggles against Communism with public and private resources.
{"title":"From The Iron Curtain to Franco’s Spain: Right-Wing Central Europeans in Exile","authors":"Matilde Eiroa","doi":"10.1080/14790963.2018.1492681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14790963.2018.1492681","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT After the Second World War, anti-communists of different backgrounds from Central and Eastern European countries decided to settle in Franco’s Spain, where they sought safety and a place to live during the Cold War. This article will provide an overview of their political profiles and assess the reasons these exiles chose Spain, a country excluded from the United Nations until 1955 and led by Francisco Franco. The article also shows how they settled in the dictatorship linked to the Nazis and Italian Fascists, and the ways in which they continued their struggles against Communism with public and private resources.","PeriodicalId":41396,"journal":{"name":"Central Europe","volume":"25 1","pages":"1 - 16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2018-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75691740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-02DOI: 10.1080/14790963.2018.1498582
M. Rampley
so much the result of commander Lothar von Trotha’s premeditated genocidal intentions, but rather the consequence of multiple previous military blunders and failures on part of the German forces. Only after the Herero had successfully escaped an open engagement with von Trotha’s forces by fleeing into the desert did the German commander decide on the genocidal tactic of closing down all escape routes from the Omaheke (pp. 47–51). Because of its highly original focus on Germany’s three colonial wars, it is somewhat odd that in the book’s introduction Kuss feels the need to essentially describe and define her work as merely an intervention in the ‘From Windhoek to Auschwitz’ debate. This debate was initiated by scholars such as Jürgen Zimmerer and Benjamin Madley in the early 2000s, and Isabel Hull’s Absolute Destruction (2004) can also be viewed as an at least indirect contribution to this discussion. Madley and Zimmerer argued for straight lines from the atrocities committed in Germany’s colonies before the First World War (especially in Namibia) to the Holocaust. The debate sparked by these scholars stimulated a renewed and fruitful engagement of historians with German colonial history, yet it also quickly became clear that the assumed continuities and causalities between the genocide in Namibia and the Holocaust could not be substantiated. Kuss’s study, too, leaves no doubt that such continuities did not exist, yet historians Robert Gerwarth and Matthew Fitzpatrick had already made this abundantly clear before even the publication of the original German version of Kuss’s account. The English version of Kuss’s study could therefore have benefited from a more substantial rewrite of the original introduction. The new English version should have stressed the study’s originality rather than reengaging with ultimately unconvincing arguments of a long-settled debate. The main reason why Kuss’s study does not need this by now rather stale debate as backdrop is its uniqueness. Kuss’s analysis of Germany’s colonial wars, which in all three cases is based on a meticulous reading of the existing source materials, stands on its own and is a major contribution to the scholarship on pre-1914 German colonial and metropolitan history.
{"title":"Freedom and the Cage: Modern Architecture and Psychiatry in Central Europe, 1890–1914","authors":"M. Rampley","doi":"10.1080/14790963.2018.1498582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14790963.2018.1498582","url":null,"abstract":"so much the result of commander Lothar von Trotha’s premeditated genocidal intentions, but rather the consequence of multiple previous military blunders and failures on part of the German forces. Only after the Herero had successfully escaped an open engagement with von Trotha’s forces by fleeing into the desert did the German commander decide on the genocidal tactic of closing down all escape routes from the Omaheke (pp. 47–51). Because of its highly original focus on Germany’s three colonial wars, it is somewhat odd that in the book’s introduction Kuss feels the need to essentially describe and define her work as merely an intervention in the ‘From Windhoek to Auschwitz’ debate. This debate was initiated by scholars such as Jürgen Zimmerer and Benjamin Madley in the early 2000s, and Isabel Hull’s Absolute Destruction (2004) can also be viewed as an at least indirect contribution to this discussion. Madley and Zimmerer argued for straight lines from the atrocities committed in Germany’s colonies before the First World War (especially in Namibia) to the Holocaust. The debate sparked by these scholars stimulated a renewed and fruitful engagement of historians with German colonial history, yet it also quickly became clear that the assumed continuities and causalities between the genocide in Namibia and the Holocaust could not be substantiated. Kuss’s study, too, leaves no doubt that such continuities did not exist, yet historians Robert Gerwarth and Matthew Fitzpatrick had already made this abundantly clear before even the publication of the original German version of Kuss’s account. The English version of Kuss’s study could therefore have benefited from a more substantial rewrite of the original introduction. The new English version should have stressed the study’s originality rather than reengaging with ultimately unconvincing arguments of a long-settled debate. The main reason why Kuss’s study does not need this by now rather stale debate as backdrop is its uniqueness. Kuss’s analysis of Germany’s colonial wars, which in all three cases is based on a meticulous reading of the existing source materials, stands on its own and is a major contribution to the scholarship on pre-1914 German colonial and metropolitan history.","PeriodicalId":41396,"journal":{"name":"Central Europe","volume":"21 1","pages":"62 - 64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2018-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81139012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-02DOI: 10.1080/14790963.2018.1498581
Jens-uwe Guettel
{"title":"German Colonial Wars and the Context of Military Violence","authors":"Jens-uwe Guettel","doi":"10.1080/14790963.2018.1498581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14790963.2018.1498581","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41396,"journal":{"name":"Central Europe","volume":"18 1","pages":"61 - 62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2018-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78893187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-02DOI: 10.1080/14790963.2018.1496600
Sanja Franković
ABSTRACT `In one area of his prose work, the Croatian writer Pavao Pavličić belongs to a group of writers in the 1970s who used a fantastic narrative model and thematized irrational parallel worlds as opposed to a realist model of narration. Pavličić’s novel Evening Act (published as Večernji akt in 1981) has a realistic beginning, but it slips into fantastic narration when the main character, a young man called Mihovil, discovers his ability to falsify documents and works of art. At the same time, he is capable of recognizing falsified art works and documents that are accepted as an integral part of social, cultural, and historical memory. When this ability becomes dangerous, Mihovil falsifies his own body to escape from his unbearable reality. This paper will analyse the function of the fantastic model in Pavličić’s novel as a postmodern play with traditions of Croatian and world literature and culture. The ludic layer of the novel has a highly symbolic value: it draws attention to the relationship of cultural institutions and society to the authenticity of art works, the role of art, and ways of preserving (or destroying) cultural memory.
{"title":"Institutions and Falsified Culture in the Novel Evening Act by Croatian Writer Pavao Pavličić","authors":"Sanja Franković","doi":"10.1080/14790963.2018.1496600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14790963.2018.1496600","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT `In one area of his prose work, the Croatian writer Pavao Pavličić belongs to a group of writers in the 1970s who used a fantastic narrative model and thematized irrational parallel worlds as opposed to a realist model of narration. Pavličić’s novel Evening Act (published as Večernji akt in 1981) has a realistic beginning, but it slips into fantastic narration when the main character, a young man called Mihovil, discovers his ability to falsify documents and works of art. At the same time, he is capable of recognizing falsified art works and documents that are accepted as an integral part of social, cultural, and historical memory. When this ability becomes dangerous, Mihovil falsifies his own body to escape from his unbearable reality. This paper will analyse the function of the fantastic model in Pavličić’s novel as a postmodern play with traditions of Croatian and world literature and culture. The ludic layer of the novel has a highly symbolic value: it draws attention to the relationship of cultural institutions and society to the authenticity of art works, the role of art, and ways of preserving (or destroying) cultural memory.","PeriodicalId":41396,"journal":{"name":"Central Europe","volume":"10 5 1","pages":"17 - 28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2018-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77591322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-02DOI: 10.1080/14790963.2018.1498576
C. Baker
more bureaucrats as entirely reasonable. Deak concludes with a fascinating account of the Commission for the Promotion of Administrative Reform (1911–14), which collected, and published, a vast compendium of data on how the imperial bureaucracy actually worked, and how it might be made more efficient. The Commission’s findings were shelved on the outbreak of the First World War, but predictably the one thing the bureaucrats never suggested was fewer bureaucrats. Deak takes all this Vielschreiberei as evidence of statebuilding: ‘This was hardly a weak, decrepit state’ (p. 273). This reviewer is not so sure. Granted, had the Monarchy’s leaders not gone to war in 1914, who knows how much stronger and more modern the state might have been made? But the fact remains that the Monarchy did go to war, and under the hammer blows of a conflict that tested the loyalty of multiple nationalities to the limit, everything in the end fell apart. Deak acknowledges (p. 274) that ‘states are fragile things’; despite the growing size of its bureaucracy, the Monarchy was clearly more fragile than most. On the technical side, although Deak’s style is engaging, it seems none of Stanford’s editors has the skills to spot neologisms like ‘knightage’ (p. 150), ‘councilmen’ (p. 154) and ‘dismantlement’ (p. 113). Map 4 (p. 168) contains an egregious error regarding the Sanjak of Novi Pazar. Most annoying, however, is the absence of a bibliography. This is a false economy in any academic publication; if this rewarding book goes into a subsequent edition, the author should insist on inclusion of this essential scholarly courtesy.
更多的官僚是完全合理的。迪克最后对行政改革促进委员会(Commission for the Promotion of Administrative Reform, 1911 - 1914)进行了引人入胜的描述，该委员会收集并出版了大量关于帝国官僚机构实际运作方式以及如何提高效率的数据汇编。委员会的调查结果在第一次世界大战爆发后被搁置，但可以预见的是，官僚们从未提出过减少官僚的建议。Deak把所有这些Vielschreiberei作为国家建设的证据:“这不是一个虚弱、破旧的国家”(第273页)。这个评论者并不那么肯定。诚然，如果君主政体的领导人在1914年没有参战，谁知道这个国家会变得多强大、多现代化?但事实仍然是，君主制确实参战了，在一场考验多民族忠诚到极限的冲突的锤击下，一切最终都崩溃了。迪克承认(第274页)“国家是脆弱的东西”;尽管官僚机构的规模不断扩大，但君主制显然比大多数国家都要脆弱。在技术方面，尽管迪克的风格引人入胜，但斯坦福大学的编辑们似乎都没有能力识别出“骑士”(knightage，第150页)、“议员”(councilmen，第154页)和“拆除”(demolition，第113页)等新词。地图4(第168页)关于新帕扎尔的桑贾克有一个令人震惊的错误。然而，最令人恼火的是没有参考书目。这在任何学术出版物中都是虚假的经济;如果这本有价值的书进入下一个版本，作者应该坚持把这一重要的学术礼貌包括在内。
{"title":"Audible States: Socialist Politics and Popular Music in Albania","authors":"C. Baker","doi":"10.1080/14790963.2018.1498576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14790963.2018.1498576","url":null,"abstract":"more bureaucrats as entirely reasonable. Deak concludes with a fascinating account of the Commission for the Promotion of Administrative Reform (1911–14), which collected, and published, a vast compendium of data on how the imperial bureaucracy actually worked, and how it might be made more efficient. The Commission’s findings were shelved on the outbreak of the First World War, but predictably the one thing the bureaucrats never suggested was fewer bureaucrats. Deak takes all this Vielschreiberei as evidence of statebuilding: ‘This was hardly a weak, decrepit state’ (p. 273). This reviewer is not so sure. Granted, had the Monarchy’s leaders not gone to war in 1914, who knows how much stronger and more modern the state might have been made? But the fact remains that the Monarchy did go to war, and under the hammer blows of a conflict that tested the loyalty of multiple nationalities to the limit, everything in the end fell apart. Deak acknowledges (p. 274) that ‘states are fragile things’; despite the growing size of its bureaucracy, the Monarchy was clearly more fragile than most. On the technical side, although Deak’s style is engaging, it seems none of Stanford’s editors has the skills to spot neologisms like ‘knightage’ (p. 150), ‘councilmen’ (p. 154) and ‘dismantlement’ (p. 113). Map 4 (p. 168) contains an egregious error regarding the Sanjak of Novi Pazar. Most annoying, however, is the absence of a bibliography. This is a false economy in any academic publication; if this rewarding book goes into a subsequent edition, the author should insist on inclusion of this essential scholarly courtesy.","PeriodicalId":41396,"journal":{"name":"Central Europe","volume":"1 1","pages":"55 - 57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2018-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75683571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-03DOI: 10.1080/14790963.2017.1412709
O. Dvoretska
Abstract Yurii Andrukhovych is one of the first writers in post-Soviet Ukraine who created their own concept of Central Europe with a particular focus on the historical region of Galicia as a legacy of the Habsburg Empire. The West Ukrainian city of Ivano-Frankivs’k, the author’s place of birth and residency, appears in his texts as a part of the historical region of Eastern Galicia and the embodiment of Andrukhovych’s vision of the region and, by extension, Central Europe. Showing the relationship of the city to the Habsburg monarchy while referencing his own family memories, Andrukhovych combines the pre-war history of the town with contemporary history. Thus, Ivano-Frankivs’k is depicted by the writer not only through the prism of its Habsburg era, but also through post-Soviet reality. Furthermore, in his first publications, the Habsburg history of Galicia represents the idea of belonging to European civilization as an alternative to the more recent totalitarian past, but Andrukhovych has always attempted to create a new image of modern Ivano-Frankivs’k rather than to reconstruct the Austro-Hungarian past of the region: the subjective and personalized Austrian past of the city is more akin to a point of reference and signpost to other perspectives. Both Ivano-Frankivs’k and Eastern Galicia are portrayed by the author as ambivalent and hybrid spaces. On the one hand it is a peripheral area between East and West; but, on the other hand, it is Andrukhovych’s personal part of Europe, where the processes and figures that shaped the continent gain an individual, unique dimension.
{"title":"In search of the other Europe: The city of Ivano-Frankivs’k in the works of Yurii Andrukhovych","authors":"O. Dvoretska","doi":"10.1080/14790963.2017.1412709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14790963.2017.1412709","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Yurii Andrukhovych is one of the first writers in post-Soviet Ukraine who created their own concept of Central Europe with a particular focus on the historical region of Galicia as a legacy of the Habsburg Empire. The West Ukrainian city of Ivano-Frankivs’k, the author’s place of birth and residency, appears in his texts as a part of the historical region of Eastern Galicia and the embodiment of Andrukhovych’s vision of the region and, by extension, Central Europe. Showing the relationship of the city to the Habsburg monarchy while referencing his own family memories, Andrukhovych combines the pre-war history of the town with contemporary history. Thus, Ivano-Frankivs’k is depicted by the writer not only through the prism of its Habsburg era, but also through post-Soviet reality. Furthermore, in his first publications, the Habsburg history of Galicia represents the idea of belonging to European civilization as an alternative to the more recent totalitarian past, but Andrukhovych has always attempted to create a new image of modern Ivano-Frankivs’k rather than to reconstruct the Austro-Hungarian past of the region: the subjective and personalized Austrian past of the city is more akin to a point of reference and signpost to other perspectives. Both Ivano-Frankivs’k and Eastern Galicia are portrayed by the author as ambivalent and hybrid spaces. On the one hand it is a peripheral area between East and West; but, on the other hand, it is Andrukhovych’s personal part of Europe, where the processes and figures that shaped the continent gain an individual, unique dimension.","PeriodicalId":41396,"journal":{"name":"Central Europe","volume":"35 1","pages":"17 - 4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2017-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85154986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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