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A Passive Jumping Mechanism 被动跳跃机制
IF 0.6 Q4 Computer Science Pub Date : 2019-11-26 DOI: 10.1115/dscc2019-9194
Phanindra Tallapragada, Jake Buzhardt, Robert W. Seney
In this paper we present a novel unactuated mechanism that utilizes gravity to jump. The passive jumper is a hoop whose center of mass does not coincide with its geometric center. When the hoop rolls down an inclined plane, the center of mass of the hoop moves along a cycloid. As the hoop gains speed moving down the inclined plane, the normal reaction between the hoop and the plane becomes insufficient to ensure contact between the hoop and the plane. This allows the hoop to ‘jump’. Experiments and analysis show that such a jump can be significant, with the jump height from the plane being as high as one body length (diameter) of the hoop. The mechanics of the passive jumping hoop powered by gravity investigated in this paper can inspire the design of actuated jumping robots that can both roll and jump.
本文提出了一种利用重力进行跳跃的新型非驱动机构。被动跳线是一个质量中心与其几何中心不重合的环。当圆环沿斜面滚动时,圆环的质心沿摆线运动。当圆环沿斜面向下运动速度加快时,圆环与斜面之间的法向反力不足以保证圆环与斜面的接触。这使得铁环可以“跳跃”。实验和分析表明,这样的跳跃可以是显著的,从平面的跳跃高度是一个身体的长度(直径)的环。本文所研究的被动重力弹跳环的力学特性对设计既能滚又能跳的驱动型弹跳机器人具有一定的启发作用。
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引用次数: 1
Auto-Tuning Control of PEM Water Electrolyzer PEM水电解槽的自动调谐控制
IF 0.6 Q4 Computer Science Pub Date : 2019-11-26 DOI: 10.1115/dscc2019-9156
A. Keow, Zheng Chen
Proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzers with the ability to produce gases at a pressure suitable for direct metal hydride storage are desirable because they do not require the use of compressors and other auxiliary components. Direct storage into metal hydride cylinders is made feasible when the pressure and flow rate of hydrogen is controlled. The nonlinear dynamics of the PEM electrolyzer change with temperature and pressure, both of which change with the hydrogen production rate, and are thus difficult to estimate. Therefore, a model-free, relay-feedback, auto-tuning approach is used to tune a proportional integral (PI) controller. This allows for the determination of the voltage supply to the electrolyzer by tracking the current set-point and correlating it to the hydrogen production rate. A gain scheduling approach is used to record the tuned controller’s parameters at different set-points, minimizing the frequency of tuning the device. A self-assessment test is used to determine situations where the auto-tuner should activate to update the PI parameters, thus, allowing for the system to operate without supervision. The auto-tuning PI control is successfully tested with a PEM electrolyzer setup. Experimental results showed that an auto-tuner can tune the controller parameters and produce favorable transient behaviors, allowing for a degree of adaptability for variations in system set-points.
质子交换膜(PEM)电解槽具有在适合直接金属氢化物储存的压力下产生气体的能力,因为它们不需要使用压缩机和其他辅助部件,因此是理想的。在控制氢的压力和流量的条件下,直接储存在金属氢化物钢瓶中是可行的。PEM电解槽的非线性动力学随温度和压力的变化而变化,而温度和压力又随制氢速率的变化而变化,因此难以估计。因此,采用无模型、继电器反馈、自动调谐方法来调谐比例积分(PI)控制器。这允许通过跟踪电流设定值并将其与产氢速率相关联来确定电解槽的电压供应。采用增益调度方法记录调谐控制器在不同设定点的参数,使调谐设备的频率最小。自我评估测试用于确定应该激活自动调谐器以更新PI参数的情况,从而允许系统在没有监督的情况下运行。通过PEM电解槽设置成功地测试了自调谐PI控制。实验结果表明,自动调谐器可以调整控制器参数并产生良好的瞬态行为,从而对系统设定点的变化具有一定程度的适应性。
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引用次数: 1
Observability of Multi-Agent Network Sensing Systems 多智能体网络感知系统的可观测性
IF 0.6 Q4 Computer Science Pub Date : 2019-11-26 DOI: 10.1115/dscc2019-9138
I. Raptis, Clark N. Taylor
This work addresses the observability properties of linear time-invariant systems that are monitored by a sensor network that provides access only to relative measurements and partial absolute observations of the state-space variables. Graph-theoretical tools are deployed to represent the information sharing links between the sensors of the network. The results are extended to multi-agent coordinated systems that are independently controlled or execute distributed control protocols. Explicit analytical conditions are derived that determine the system’s observability with respect to the spectral characteristics of the information-sharing network. The system’s observability is further investigated for multi-agent systems governed by the agreement dynamics where only a singleton measurement is available. The analysis is disseminated to the design of distributed observers where the agents have only available their relative displacement measurement from their neighbors. The distributed observer’s estimation error is rendered globally asymptotically stable by the addition of an anchor node that has access to the absolute motion of a single agent (node). The theoretical analysis is validated through numerical simulations.
这项工作解决了线性时不变系统的可观测性,该系统由传感器网络监测,仅提供对状态空间变量的相对测量和部分绝对观测的访问。使用图理论工具来表示网络传感器之间的信息共享链接。结果可扩展到独立控制或执行分布式控制协议的多智能体协调系统。导出了确定系统相对于信息共享网络光谱特征的可观测性的显式分析条件。系统的可观察性进一步研究了由协议动力学控制的多智能体系统,其中只有单一测量可用。该分析被传播到分布式观测器的设计中,其中代理只能从其邻居处获得相对位移测量。通过添加一个可以访问单个代理(节点)的绝对运动的锚节点,使分布式观测器的估计误差全局渐近稳定。通过数值模拟验证了理论分析的正确性。
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引用次数: 0
Towards Cooperative Transportation of Multiple Mecanum-Wheeled Automated Guided Vehicles 多机轮自动引导车辆协同运输研究
IF 0.6 Q4 Computer Science Pub Date : 2019-11-26 DOI: 10.1115/dscc2019-9141
J. Peng, Yen‐Chen Liu
Utilizing multiple small-sized automated guided vehicles (AGVs) in cooperatively transport large and heavy objects in manufacturing factories or logistics is an emerging research direction. Flexibility and efficiency can be enhanced by using multi-AGV comparing to a large AGV with higher capacity especially in clutter environments. In this paper, a multi-AGV system by using Mecanum wheels to provide omnidirectional movement is proposed for cooperative transportation. Accordingly, the proposed Mecanum-wheeled automated guided vehicles (MWAGVs) composed of Mecanum wheels and a rotary platform provides not only non-constrained movement but also planar displacement for allowance of distance errors. In the proposed MWAGVs, the formation control with fixed geometry during operation is significant especially with unknown object information, dynamic uncertainties, and external disturbances. Therefore, the passivity-based adaptive synchronizing control algorithm is developed to ensure stability and tracking performance with uncertain dynamic parameters. Simulations and Experiments show the efficacy of designed Mecanum-wheeled AGV.
利用多辆小型自动导引车(agv)协同运输制造工厂或物流中的大型和重型物品是一个新兴的研究方向。与容量较大的大型AGV相比,使用多AGV可以提高系统的灵活性和效率,特别是在杂波环境下。本文提出了一种利用机械轮提供全方位运动的多agv协同运输系统。因此,所提出的由Mecanum轮和旋转平台组成的Mecanum轮式自动导向车(mwagv)不仅可以提供无约束的运动,还可以提供平面位移以考虑距离误差。在mwagv系统中,特别是在存在未知目标信息、动态不确定性和外部干扰的情况下,具有固定几何形状的编队控制具有重要意义。为此,为了保证系统在动态参数不确定情况下的稳定性和跟踪性能,提出了基于无源性的自适应同步控制算法。仿真和实验验证了所设计的机械轮式AGV的有效性。
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引用次数: 3
Solution of the Benchmark Control Problem by Scenario Optimization 基于场景优化的基准控制问题求解
IF 0.6 Q4 Computer Science Pub Date : 2019-11-26 DOI: 10.1115/dscc2019-8949
Roberto Rocchetta, L. Crespo, S. Kenny
This article introduces a scenario optimization framework for reliability-based design given measurements of the uncertain parameters. In contrast to traditional methods, scenario optimization makes direct use of the available data thereby eliminating the need for assuming a distribution class and estimating its hyper-parameters. Scenario theory provides formal bounds on the probabilistic performance of a design decision and certifies the system ability to comply with various requirements for future/unseen observations. This probabilistic certificate of correctness is non-asymptotic and distribution-free. Furthermore, chance-constrained optimization techniques are used to detect and eliminate the effects of outliers in the resulting optimal design. The proposed framework is exemplified on a benchmark robust control challenge problem having conflicting design objectives.
本文介绍了一种给定不确定参数测量的基于可靠性设计的场景优化框架。与传统方法相比,场景优化直接使用可用数据,从而消除了假设分布类和估计其超参数的需要。场景理论为设计决策的概率性能提供了正式的界限,并证明系统能够满足未来/不可见观察的各种需求。这种正确性的概率证明是非渐近的和无分布的。此外,机会约束优化技术用于检测和消除结果优化设计中的异常值的影响。该框架以一个具有冲突设计目标的鲁棒控制挑战问题为例进行了验证。
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引用次数: 4
A Torque Balance Method for Multi-Cylinder Gasoline Engines With Non-Uniform Cylinder-to-Cylinder Combustion Strategies 非均匀燃烧多缸汽油机的扭矩平衡方法
IF 0.6 Q4 Computer Science Pub Date : 2019-11-26 DOI: 10.1115/dscc2019-9231
Qinghua Lin, Pingen Chen
Lean burn gasoline engines have attracted more and more attentions over the past two decades. One of the main challenges in commercializing lean burn gasoline engines in the United States is lean NOx control to meet the stringent NOx emission regulation. Several types of lean aftertreatment systems including passive selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems and lean NOx traps (LNTs), have been intensively investigated to meet the NOx emission requirements without triggering significant penalties on fuel efficiency. One of the most promising technologies to achieve this goal is non-uniform cylinder-to-cylinder combustion (NUCCC) control strategies. However, successful implementation of NUCCC strategies are challenging tasks since it may cause cylinder-to-cylinder torque imbalance and thus deterioration of drivability. The purpose of this study is to propose and evaluate a systematic method for generating the references of fuel quantity and air quantity for different cylinders to simultaneously achieve cylinder-to-cylinder torque balance and non-uniform cylinder-to-cylinder air/fuel ratio (AFR) for multi-cylinder engines in various scenarios. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, simulation studies were carried out using a multi-zone engine model. The simulation results show that, the proposed references, if successfully tracked, can lead to torque balance across the cylinders as well as non-uniform cylinder-to-cylinder AFR.
近二十年来,稀燃汽油机越来越受到人们的关注。在美国,瘦燃汽油发动机商业化的主要挑战之一是瘦氮氧化物控制,以满足严格的氮氧化物排放法规。包括被动选择性催化还原(SCR)系统和精益氮氧化物捕集器(LNTs)在内的几种类型的精益后处理系统已经得到了深入的研究,以满足氮氧化物排放要求,同时又不会对燃油效率产生重大影响。实现这一目标最有前途的技术之一是非均匀缸间燃烧(NUCCC)控制策略。然而,成功实施NUCCC策略是一项具有挑战性的任务,因为它可能导致缸间扭矩不平衡,从而降低驾驶性能。本研究的目的是提出并评估一种系统的方法来生成不同气缸的燃油量和空气量参考,同时实现多缸发动机在不同场景下的缸间扭矩平衡和非均匀的缸间空气/燃料比(AFR)。为了验证该方法的有效性,采用多区发动机模型进行了仿真研究。仿真结果表明,所提出的参考点如果被成功跟踪,可以导致缸间扭矩平衡以及非均匀的缸间AFR。
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引用次数: 0
Backstepping-Based Trajectory Tracking for Underwater Gliders 基于后退的水下滑翔机轨迹跟踪
IF 0.6 Q4 Computer Science Pub Date : 2019-11-26 DOI: 10.1115/dscc2019-9028
Demetris Coleman, Maria L. Castaño, Osama Ennasr, Xiaobo Tan
Autonomous underwater gliders have become valuable tools for a myriad of applications ranging from ocean exploration to fish tracking to environmental sampling. To be suitable for these types of applications, precise sensing and monitoring is desired, which makes accurate trajectory control important. However, highly nonlinear under-actuated dynamics present significant challenges in control of gliders. In this work a backstepping-based controller is proposed for an underwater glider to track a desired position and heading reference in the sagittal plane with only two control inputs, the buoyancy and center of gravity along the longitudinal direction. In particular,the under-actuation issue is addressed by exploiting the coupled dynamics and introducing a new modified error that combines the tracking errors of heading and position references. In addition, an auxiliary system is incorporated to account for input constraints. Finally, a sliding mode observer is designed to obtain the estimates of body-fixed velocities, to facilitate practical implementation of the designed controller. The effectiveness of the proposed control scheme is demonstrated via simulations and its advantages are shown via comparison with a PID controller.
自主水下滑翔机已经成为无数应用的宝贵工具,从海洋勘探到鱼类跟踪到环境采样。为了适应这些类型的应用,需要精确的传感和监测,这使得精确的轨迹控制变得重要。然而,高度非线性的欠驱动动力学对滑翔机的控制提出了重大挑战。本文提出了一种基于后退的水下滑翔机控制器,该控制器只需要两个控制输入,即沿纵向的浮力和重心,即可在矢状面上跟踪所需的位置和航向参考。特别地,通过利用耦合动力学和引入一种新的修正误差来解决欠驱动问题,该修正误差结合了航向和位置参考的跟踪误差。此外,一个辅助系统被纳入考虑输入约束。最后,设计了一个滑模观测器来获得定体速度的估计,以方便所设计控制器的实际实现。通过仿真验证了所提控制方案的有效性,并与PID控制器进行了比较。
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引用次数: 3
Design of a Kangaroo Inspired Hopping Robot for Unrestricted Locomotion and Controller Development 一种受袋鼠启发的无约束跳跃机器人设计及控制器开发
IF 0.6 Q4 Computer Science Pub Date : 2019-11-26 DOI: 10.1115/dscc2019-9083
Austin Curtis, James A. Mynderse, H. Vejdani
Inspired by the agility and maneuverability of running kangaroos, a prototype robot was developed using a reduced order model to constrain the system. Both passive and active models were used to understand the relationship between system parameters and gait performance. A frequency response experiment was performed on the prototype to quantify the relationship between design parameters and system responses. Additionally, preliminary tail controllers were tested. Based on the results of the initial platform, a new robot was designed and built as a platform for the study of three dimensional hopping.
受袋鼠奔跑的敏捷性和机动性的启发,利用降阶模型来约束系统,开发了一个原型机器人。采用被动和主动模型来了解系统参数与步态性能之间的关系。为了量化设计参数与系统响应之间的关系,对样机进行了频率响应实验。此外,还对初步尾翼控制器进行了测试。在初始平台研究结果的基础上,设计并构建了一种新的机器人作为研究三维跳跃的平台。
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引用次数: 0
Chemical-Source Localization Using a Swarm of Decentralized Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Urban/Suburban Environments 基于分散无人机群的城市/郊区环境化学源定位
IF 0.6 Q4 Computer Science Pub Date : 2019-11-26 DOI: 10.1115/dscc2019-9099
Jake A. Steiner, Joseph R. Bourne, Xiang He, D. Cropek, K. Leang
In this paper, a decentralized chemical-source localization method is presented. In a real-world scenario, many challenges arise, including sporadic chemical measurements due to the complex interactions between the unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), the ambient air, and obstacles. The localization method is split into two phases: a search phase, where the agents cover the area and look for an initial chemical reading; followed by a convergence phase, where UAV agents utilize a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to locate the source of the chemical leak. The decentralized source-localization method enables a swarm of UAVs to safely travel in a complex environment and avoid obstacles and other agents while searching for the leaking source. The method is validated in simulation using realistic dynamic chemical plumes and through outdoor flight tests using a swarm of UAVs. The results demonstrate the feasibility of the approach.
本文提出了一种分散的化学源定位方法。在现实世界中,会出现许多挑战,包括由于无人机(uav)、环境空气和障碍物之间复杂的相互作用而导致的零星化学测量。定位方法分为两个阶段:搜索阶段,代理人覆盖该区域并寻找初始化学读数;随后是收敛阶段,其中无人机代理利用粒子群优化(PSO)算法来定位化学品泄漏的来源。分散源定位方法使无人机群能够在复杂环境中安全飞行,并在搜索泄漏源的同时避开障碍物和其他代理。该方法在真实动态化学羽流仿真和无人机群室外飞行试验中得到了验证。结果表明了该方法的可行性。
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引用次数: 4
Data-Driven ILC for Trajectory Tracking in Nonlinear Dynamic Systems 非线性动态系统中轨迹跟踪的数据驱动ILC
IF 0.6 Q4 Computer Science Pub Date : 2019-11-26 DOI: 10.1115/dscc2019-8926
Yu-Hsiu Lee, T. Tsao
The aim of this work is to propose a data-driven ILC algorithm that features fast convergence for nonlinear dynamic systems. This idea utilizes adaptive filtering that implicitly identifies the time-varying system inverse along the trajectory being tracked. By feeding the error signal through the copied inverse filter, it results in a rapidly convergent inversion-based ILC. This approach is compared to a nonlinear extension of the data-driven ILC that uses system adjoint as the learning filter. The developed algorithm is validated through simulation on a fully actuated 2 DOF Furuta pendulum.
本文的目的是提出一种数据驱动的非线性动态系统快速收敛的ILC算法。这个想法利用自适应滤波,隐式地识别时变系统逆沿着被跟踪的轨迹。通过将误差信号通过复制的逆滤波器馈送,实现了快速收敛的基于逆的ILC。将这种方法与使用系统伴随作为学习滤波器的数据驱动ILC的非线性扩展进行了比较。通过全驱动二自由度古田摆的仿真验证了该算法的有效性。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
Mechatronic Systems and Control
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