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Adaptive mesh refinement procedures for the virtual element method 自适应网格细化程序的虚元法
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.23967/admos.2023.064
D. van Huyssteen, F. López-Rivarola, G. Etse, P. Steinmann
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引用次数: 0
A Convergence Proof for Adaptive Parametric PDEs with Unbounded Coefficients 系数无界自适应参数偏微分方程的收敛性证明
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.23967/admos.2023.005
N. Farchmin, M. Eigel
Numerical methods for random parametric PDEs can greatly benefit from adaptive refinement schemes, in particular when functional approximations are computed as in stochastic Galerkin methods with residual based error estimation. From the mathematical side, especially when the coefficients of the PDE are unbounded, solvability is difficult to prove and numerical approximations face numerous challenges. In this talk we generalize the adaptive refinement scheme for elliptic parametric PDEs introduced in [1, 2] to unbounded (lognormal) diffusion coefficients [3]. The algorithm is guided by a reliable error estimator which steers both the refinement of the spacial finite element mesh and the enlargement of the stochastic approximation space. As the algorithm relies solely on (a sufficiently good approximation of) the Galerkin projection of the PDE solution and the PDE coefficient, it can be used in a non-intrusively manner, allowing for applications in many different settings. We prove that the proposed algorithm converges and even show evidence that similar convergence rates as for intrusive approaches can be observed.
随机参数偏微分方程的数值方法可以极大地受益于自适应改进方案,特别是当计算函数逼近时,如基于残差误差估计的随机伽辽金方法。从数学角度看,特别是当偏微分方程系数无界时,其可解性难以证明,数值逼近面临诸多挑战。在本演讲中,我们将[1,2]中引入的椭圆参数偏微分方程的自适应改进方案推广到无界(对数正态)扩散系数[3]。该算法以可靠的误差估计量为指导,既指导了空间有限元网格的细化,又指导了随机逼近空间的扩大。由于该算法仅依赖于PDE解和PDE系数的Galerkin投影(足够好的近似值),因此可以以非侵入式的方式使用,允许在许多不同的环境中应用。我们证明了所提出的算法是收敛的,甚至表明可以观察到与入侵方法相似的收敛速度。
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引用次数: 0
Error estimation for surrogate models with noisy small-sized training sets 带噪声小训练集的代理模型误差估计
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.23967/admos.2023.007
J. Wackers, Hayriye Pehlivan Solak, Riccardo, Pellegrini, A. Serani, M. Diez
Simulation-driven shape optimization often uses surrogate models, i.e. approximate models fitted through a dataset of simulation results for a limited number of designs. The shape optimization is then performed over this surrogate model. For efficiency, modern approaches often construct the datasets adaptively, adding simulation points one by one where they are most likely to discover the optimum design [3]. The uncertainty estimation of the surrogate model is essential to guide the choice of new sample points: underestimation of the uncertainty leads to sampling in suboptimal regions, missing the true optimum. Gaussian process regression naturally provides uncertainty estimations [4] and Stochastic Radial Basis Functions (SRBF) surrogate models estimate the uncertainty based on the spread of RBF fits with different kernels [5]. In the context of SRBF, this paper discusses two issues with uncertainty estimation. The first is that most existing techniques rely on knowledge about the global behaviour of the data, such as spatial correlations. However, the number of datapoints can be too small to reconstruct this global information from the data. We argue that in this situation, user-provided estimation of the function behaviour is a better choice (section 3). The second issue is that the dataset may contain noise, i.e. random errors without spatial correlation. Surrogate models can filter out this noise, but it introduces two separate uncertainties: the optimum amount of noise filtering is unknown, and for a small dataset (even with perfect noise filtering) the local mean of the data may not correspond to the true simulation response. In section 4 we introduce estimators for both uncertainties.
仿真驱动的形状优化通常使用代理模型,即通过有限数量的设计的仿真结果数据集拟合的近似模型。然后在这个代理模型上执行形状优化。为了提高效率,现代方法通常自适应地构建数据集,在最有可能发现最优设计的地方逐个添加模拟点[3]。代理模型的不确定性估计对于指导新样本点的选择至关重要:对不确定性的低估会导致在次优区域采样,从而错过真正的最优。高斯过程回归自然地提供了不确定性估计[4],随机径向基函数(SRBF)代理模型根据RBF与不同核的拟合的扩散来估计不确定性[5]。在SRBF的背景下,本文讨论了不确定性估计的两个问题。首先,大多数现有的技术依赖于关于数据的全局行为的知识,比如空间相关性。然而,数据点的数量可能太小,无法从数据中重建此全局信息。我们认为,在这种情况下,用户提供的函数行为估计是一个更好的选择(第3节)。第二个问题是数据集可能包含噪声,即没有空间相关性的随机误差。代理模型可以过滤掉这些噪声,但它引入了两个独立的不确定性:噪声过滤的最佳量是未知的,并且对于小数据集(即使具有完美的噪声过滤),数据的局部平均值可能与真实的模拟响应不对应。在第4节中,我们将介绍两种不确定性的估计量。
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引用次数: 0
Dimensionality reduction and physics-based manifold learning for parametric models in biomechanics and tissue engineering 生物力学和组织工程中参数化模型的降维和基于物理的流形学习
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.23967/admos.2023.037
A. Muixí, A. Garcia-Gonzalez, S. Zlotnik, P. Díez
This work aims at describing dimensionality reduction methods, particularizing in Principal Component Analysis (PCA), the nonlinear version kernel Principal Component Analysis (kPCA) [1], and their potential application to data-assisted Credible models in biomechanics and tissue engineering. These methodologies are intended to discover the low dimensional manifold where an input physical data set lives. Reducing the dimensionality of a complex physical system is a potential tool towards real time Credible and accurate parametric models and patient-specific simulations. In this direction, the Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) combines PCA with a reduced basis approach to reduce the number of degrees of freedom in parametric boundary value problems. Additionally, for systems whose solutions belong to nonlinear manifolds, kernel Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (kPOD) uses kPCA reduction to find a solution of the problem. The main features of kPOD are the use of local approximations, the possibility of enriching the reduced space with quadratic elements, the use of ad-hoc kernels that include previous knowledge of the input data, and the idea of using an iterative algorithm that explores the Voronoi diagram of the snapshots in the reduced space [2]. Besides, dimensionality reduction in combination with surrogate modelling aims at finding initial (and accurate) approximations of parametric systems without physics involved. All presented methodologies are shown to be strong tools in several fields. To show the potential of those techniques, here we present several examples of application in the biomechanical field, such as advection diffusion in scaffolds for tissue engineering, and vascular biomechanics
本工作旨在描述降维方法,特别是主成分分析(PCA)、非线性核主成分分析(kPCA)[1],以及它们在生物力学和组织工程中数据辅助可信模型中的潜在应用。这些方法旨在发现输入物理数据集所在的低维流形。降低复杂物理系统的维数是实现实时、可靠和准确的参数模型和特定患者模拟的潜在工具。在这个方向上,适当正交分解(POD)将主成分分析与降基方法相结合,减少了参数边值问题的自由度。此外,对于解属于非线性流形的系统,核固有正交分解(kPOD)使用kPCA约简来寻找问题的解。kPOD的主要特征是使用局部近似,用二次元丰富约简空间的可能性,使用包含输入数据先前知识的特别核,以及使用迭代算法探索约简空间中快照的Voronoi图的想法[2]。此外,降维与代理建模相结合的目的是在不涉及物理的情况下找到参数系统的初始(和准确)近似。所有提出的方法都被证明是几个领域的强大工具。为了展示这些技术的潜力,我们在这里给出几个应用在生物力学领域的例子,如组织工程支架的平流扩散和血管生物力学
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引用次数: 0
Adaptive Strategies for Frequency Domain MOR - A Comparative Framework 频率域MOR的自适应策略——一个比较框架
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.23967/admos.2023.002
Q. Aumann, S. Chellappa, A. Nayak
Minisymposium
Minisymposium
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引用次数: 0
Assessment of tailings dams using Model Order Reduction 基于模型阶数约简的尾矿坝评价
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.23967/admos.2023.077
Sergio Zlotnik, C. Nasika, Pedro D´ıez, Pierre Gerard, Thierry Massart
Tailing dams are structures built up during the mining process by compacting successive layers of earth. They contain the (usually toxic) left over after the process of separating the valuable fraction from the uneconomic fraction of an ore. This kind of dams exhibit a high rate of sudden and hazardous failures and, therefore, monitoring its state is a key process in the mining industry. The recent surge in the availability of sensors (e.g. Internet of Things) allows enhancing the data that can be gathered to monitor the mechanical and hydraulic state of the dams. Numerical models, on the other hand, can be used to enrich the local information collected by the sensors and provide a global view of the state of the dam. Although, for monitoring purposes, numerical models are only useful if they provide results fast enough to react to an unsafe state. In this presentation we describe the results presented in [1] and [2], where model order reduction techniques are applied in the context of data assimilation to learn about the state of tailing dams. A transient nonlinear hydro-mechanical model describing the groundwater flow in unsaturated soil conditions is solved using Reduced Basis method [1]. Hyper-reduction techniques (DEIM, LDEM) are tested and show time gains up to 1 / 100 with respect to standard finite element methods [2].
尾矿坝是在采矿过程中通过压实连续土层而建成的结构。它们含有从矿石中分离出有价值的部分和不经济的部分后遗留下来的(通常是有毒的)。这种水坝具有很高的突然和危险的失败率,因此,监测其状态是采矿业的一个关键过程。最近传感器可用性的激增(例如物联网)允许增强可收集的数据,以监测水坝的机械和水力状态。另一方面,数值模型可以用来丰富传感器收集的局部信息,并提供大坝状态的全局视图。虽然,为了监测的目的,数值模型只有在提供足够快的结果以对不安全状态作出反应时才有用。在本报告中,我们描述了[1]和[2]中提出的结果,其中模型降阶技术在数据同化的背景下应用,以了解尾矿坝的状态。采用降基法[1]求解了非饱和土条件下地下水流动的瞬态非线性水力学模型。经过测试的超简化技术(DEIM, LDEM)显示,相对于标准有限元方法[2],时间增益高达1 / 100。
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引用次数: 0
A modified Constitutive Relation Error (mCRE) framework to learn nonlinear constitutive models from strain measurements with thermodynamics-consistent Neural Networks 一种改进的本构关系误差框架,利用热力学一致神经网络从应变测量中学习非线性本构模型
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.23967/admos.2023.020
A. Benady, L. Chamoin, E. Baranger
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引用次数: 1
Learning Viscoelastic Responses with a Thermodynamic Recurrent Neural Network with Maxwell Encoding 用Maxwell编码的热力学递归神经网络学习粘弹性响应
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.23967/admos.2023.022
Nicolas Pistenon, S. Cantournet, J. Bouvard, D. P. Muñoz, P. Kerfriden
Neural network methods are increasingly used to build constitutive laws in computational mechanics [1]. Neural Networks may for instance be used a surrogates for micro-mechanical models, whereby evaluating the response of high-fidelity numerical representative volume elements proves prohibitively expensive. Alternatively, Neural Networks may be used whenever traditional phenomenological approaches to constitutive modelling fails, i.e. whenever one fails to find a functional form for the constitutive law that enables to represent the behaviour of the material faithfully over the entirety of possible loading scenarios. One example is the viscoelastic behaviour of polymers, which remains difficult to describe accurately. The state of the art on these machine learning methods for the prediction of behavioural laws with a dependence on loading history do not show models with both a strong interpolatory, extrapolatory capacity and with a number of data consistent with today’s experimental capabilities [2]. To enforce a better bias, one used mechanical knowledge by introducing some mechanical regularisation terms [3], [4] or to considered structural approaches [5]. In this work, we describe a novel Neural Network strategy that combines a Maxwell model, which is extensively used as to describe linear viscoelastic responses, and a Thermodynamic Recurrent Neural Network. The coupling between the phenomenological and data-driven blocks of our model is done in two ways. Firstly, the Neural Network, and more precisely LSTM cells, corrects the response provided by the Maxwell model, which closely resembles the residual connections
在计算力学中,神经网络方法越来越多地用于构建本构律[1]。例如,神经网络可以用作微力学模型的替代品,因此评估高保真数值代表性体积单元的响应被证明是非常昂贵的。或者,当传统的现象学本构建模方法失败时,即,当人们无法找到本构律的功能形式,从而能够忠实地表示材料在整个可能的加载场景中的行为时,就可以使用神经网络。一个例子是聚合物的粘弹性行为,这仍然难以准确描述。这些机器学习方法用于预测依赖于加载历史的行为规律,目前的技术水平并没有显示出既具有强大的内插和外推能力,又具有与当今实验能力一致的大量数据的模型[2]。为了实现更好的偏差,可以通过引入一些机械正则化术语[3],[4]或考虑结构方法[5]来使用机械知识。在这项工作中,我们描述了一种新的神经网络策略,该策略结合了广泛用于描述线性粘弹性响应的麦克斯韦模型和热力学递归神经网络。我们的模型的现象学块和数据驱动块之间的耦合是通过两种方式完成的。首先,神经网络,更准确地说是LSTM细胞,纠正了麦克斯韦模型提供的响应,该模型与剩余连接非常相似
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引用次数: 0
A posteriori error estimates for the Crank-Nicolson method: application to parabolic partial differential equations with small random input data Crank-Nicolson方法的后检误差估计:应用于小随机输入数据的抛物型偏微分方程
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.23967/admos.2023.029
N. Shravani, Gujji Murali, †. MohanReddy, §. MichaelVynnycky
In this article, we present residual-based a posteriori error estimates for the parabolic partial differential equation (PDE) with small random input data in the L 2 P (Ω; L 2 (0 , T ; H 1 ( D )))-norm, where (Ω , F , P ) is a complete probability space, D is the physical domain, T > 0 is the final time. Such a class of PDEs arises due to a lack of complete understanding of the physical model. To this end, the perturbation technique [2019, Arch. Comput. Methods Eng., 26, pp. 1313-1377] is exploited to express the exact random solution in terms of the power series with respect to the uncertainty parameter, whence we obtain decoupled deterministic problems. Each problem is then discretized in space by the finite element method and advanced in time by the Crank-Nicolson scheme. Quadratic reconstructions are introduced to obtain optimal bounds in the temporal direction. The work generalizes the isotropic results obtained in [2009, SIAM J. Sci. Comput., 31, pp. 2757-2783] for the deterministic parabolic PDEs to the parabolic PDE with small random input data. Numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of the bounds.
在本文中,我们提出了基于残差的后验误差估计的抛物型偏微分方程(PDE)与小随机输入数据在l2 P (Ω;l2 (0, t;H 1 (D))-范数,其中(Ω, F, P)为完全概率空间,D为物理域,T > 0为最终时间。这类偏微分方程的产生是由于缺乏对物理模型的完全理解。为此,摄动技术[2019,Arch。第一版。Eng方法。, 26, pp. 1313-1377]利用幂级数对不确定性参数表示精确随机解,由此我们得到解耦确定性问题。然后通过有限元方法在空间上离散每个问题,并通过Crank-Nicolson格式在时间上推进每个问题。在时间方向上引入二次重构以获得最优边界。本文推广了[2009,SIAM J. Sci.]第一版。确定性抛物型偏微分方程与小随机输入数据的抛物型偏微分方程[j]。数值结果证明了该边界的有效性。
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引用次数: 0
High Continuity Basis’s Impact on Continuous Global L2 (CGL2) Recovery 高连续性基础对连续全局L2 (CGL2)恢复的影响
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.23967/admos.2023.044
T. Kvamsdal, A. Abdulhaque, M. Kumar, K. Johannessen, A. Kvarving, K. Okstad
In the recovery-based estimates method, we employ a projection technique to recover a post-processed quantity (usually the stresses or the gradient computed from the FE-approximation). The error is estimated by taking the difference between the recovered quantity and the FE-solution. An easy procedure to implement is the continuous global L2 (CGL2) recovery initially used for a posteriori error estimation by Zienkiewicz and Zhu [1]. Kumar, Kvamsdal and Johannessen [2] developed CGL2 and Superconvergent Patch Recovery (SPR) error estimation methods applicable for adaptive refinement using LR B-splines [3] and observed very good results for both the CGL2 and the SPR recovery technique. However, Cai and Zhang reported in [4] a case of malfunction for the CGL2-recovery applied to second order triangular and tetrahedral Lagrange finite element. Here we will start out by presenting a motivational example that illustrates the benefits of using high regularity splines in the CGL2 based gradient recovery procedure compared to using the classical Lagrange FEM basis functions. We will then show the performance on some benchmark problems comparing the use of splines
在基于恢复的估计方法中,我们采用投影技术来恢复后处理量(通常是由fe近似计算的应力或梯度)。误差的估计是取回收量与fe溶液的差值。一个容易实现的过程是连续全局L2 (CGL2)恢复,最初由Zienkiewicz和Zhu[1]用于后验误差估计。Kumar, Kvamsdal和Johannessen[2]开发了CGL2和超收敛补丁恢复(Superconvergent Patch Recovery, SPR)误差估计方法,适用于使用LR b样条进行自适应精化[3],并观察到CGL2和SPR恢复技术都取得了非常好的结果。然而,Cai和Zhang在[4]中报道了应用于二阶三角形和四面体拉格朗日有限元的CGL2-recovery出现故障的情况。在这里,我们将首先提出一个激励的例子,说明在基于CGL2的梯度恢复过程中与使用经典拉格朗日有限元基函数相比,使用高正则样条的好处。然后,我们将在一些基准问题上展示使用样条的性能
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引用次数: 0
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XI International Conference on Adaptive Modeling and Simulation
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