In the fifth month of 1187 a fire engulfed a densely populated area in the city of Chengdu. The prefect, Zhao Ruyu 趙汝愚 (1140–1196), provided swift and effective disaster relief. Within a few months, the affected area reemerged from the ashes with new buildings constructed with the support of government funds. But this did not earn him universal acclaim. Instead, his report of the fire damage became the subject of controversy at court. In the months that followed, Zhao was impeached and investigated for underreporting the fire losses, but eventually he was cleared of all charges. Two accounts have survived from the early thirteenth century on these impeachments and investigations. One of these accounts is found in Zhao’s tomb epitaph, written by Liu Guangzu 劉光祖 (1142–1222) between 1208 and 1222.1 It seems to have
{"title":"\"Short Scrolls\" and \"Slanderous Reports\": Political Communication and Political Culture in the Early Southern Song","authors":"Song-Chuan Chen","doi":"10.1353/SYS.2017.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/SYS.2017.0004","url":null,"abstract":"In the fifth month of 1187 a fire engulfed a densely populated area in the city of Chengdu. The prefect, Zhao Ruyu 趙汝愚 (1140–1196), provided swift and effective disaster relief. Within a few months, the affected area reemerged from the ashes with new buildings constructed with the support of government funds. But this did not earn him universal acclaim. Instead, his report of the fire damage became the subject of controversy at court. In the months that followed, Zhao was impeached and investigated for underreporting the fire losses, but eventually he was cleared of all charges. Two accounts have survived from the early thirteenth century on these impeachments and investigations. One of these accounts is found in Zhao’s tomb epitaph, written by Liu Guangzu 劉光祖 (1142–1222) between 1208 and 1222.1 It seems to have","PeriodicalId":41503,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Song-Yuan Studies","volume":"47 1","pages":"137 - 191"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/SYS.2017.0004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47898483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
widespread. I am sure the author would have profited from engaging in an academic discourse concerning these or similar questions. In summary, the present volume provides a very good overview for historians and sinologists who need a general survey on the development of muzhi ming, a survey that traces the different development steps and processes in a clear and well-written manner, with many translated passages and concrete introductions to specific tomb inscriptions of different periods. It also serves well as a reference tool. Hopefully, such questions may stimulate and encourage scholars to engage more actively in academic discourse also beyond their immediate vicinity.
{"title":"Fire and Ice: Li Cunxu and the Founding of the Later Tang by Richard L. Davis (review)","authors":"N. Standen","doi":"10.1353/SYS.2017.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/SYS.2017.0011","url":null,"abstract":"widespread. I am sure the author would have profited from engaging in an academic discourse concerning these or similar questions. In summary, the present volume provides a very good overview for historians and sinologists who need a general survey on the development of muzhi ming, a survey that traces the different development steps and processes in a clear and well-written manner, with many translated passages and concrete introductions to specific tomb inscriptions of different periods. It also serves well as a reference tool. Hopefully, such questions may stimulate and encourage scholars to engage more actively in academic discourse also beyond their immediate vicinity.","PeriodicalId":41503,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Song-Yuan Studies","volume":"47 1","pages":"236 - 244"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/SYS.2017.0011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41794320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Over the past sixty years, research on the Song dynasty has been one of the strengths of Taiwanese historical scholarship. Building on the pioneering accomplishments of scholars such as Ch’ien Mu 錢穆, Chin Chung-shu 金中 樞 and Sung Hsi 宋晞, current generations of Song specialists in Taiwan have made significant contributions to our understanding of this pivotal period in Chinese history. In this bibliographical report, I will review recent Taiwanese scholarship on the political and intellectual history of the Song. Due to spatial constraints and the large body of relevant material, I have decided to limit the scope of this review to monographs published within the last five years and articles published in top-tier academic journals between 2015 and 2017.1 In addition, I will only include the studies of scholars who either hold, or who have recently retired from, an academic position at a university or research institute in Taiwan. Before delving into this body of scholarship, it is important to note that the vitality of Song studies in Taiwan is due in no small part to the atmosphere of collegiality and cooperation that exists among its scholarly community. Over the past several years, there have been numerous conferences and workshops on topics that have either focused, or touched upon, the Song dynasty. They
{"title":"A Brief Summary of Recent Taiwanese Scholarship on Song Political and Intellectual History","authors":"Douglas Skonicki","doi":"10.1353/sys.2017.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/sys.2017.0006","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past sixty years, research on the Song dynasty has been one of the strengths of Taiwanese historical scholarship. Building on the pioneering accomplishments of scholars such as Ch’ien Mu 錢穆, Chin Chung-shu 金中 樞 and Sung Hsi 宋晞, current generations of Song specialists in Taiwan have made significant contributions to our understanding of this pivotal period in Chinese history. In this bibliographical report, I will review recent Taiwanese scholarship on the political and intellectual history of the Song. Due to spatial constraints and the large body of relevant material, I have decided to limit the scope of this review to monographs published within the last five years and articles published in top-tier academic journals between 2015 and 2017.1 In addition, I will only include the studies of scholars who either hold, or who have recently retired from, an academic position at a university or research institute in Taiwan. Before delving into this body of scholarship, it is important to note that the vitality of Song studies in Taiwan is due in no small part to the atmosphere of collegiality and cooperation that exists among its scholarly community. Over the past several years, there have been numerous conferences and workshops on topics that have either focused, or touched upon, the Song dynasty. They","PeriodicalId":41503,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Song-Yuan Studies","volume":"47 1","pages":"207 - 218"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/sys.2017.0006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47421026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
by Benedict Anderson,5 only to argue that, despite some similarities, what she is describing is the circulation of political information (i.e., printing) as a means of “solidifying the imperial mission in times of crisis” (p. 27). Some years ago, Rolf Trauzettel argued that early Southern Song irredentism should be understood from a proto-national frame of reference.6 While that appeared insightful at the time, I find De Weerdt’s formulation persuasive, that what we see here is a commitment to empire, not country or nation. Whether or not this commitment lasted through the late dynasties, as she suggests, is a question to be addressed by others. But she has produced an exhaustively researched and richly textured treatment of printing, literati, and the state, as well as discourses about and conceptualizations of empire in Southern Song China, a study that will long shape how we think about these matters.
{"title":"The Chinese Market Economy, 1000–1500 by William Guanglin Liu (review)","authors":"K. Deng","doi":"10.1353/sys.2017.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/sys.2017.0008","url":null,"abstract":"by Benedict Anderson,5 only to argue that, despite some similarities, what she is describing is the circulation of political information (i.e., printing) as a means of “solidifying the imperial mission in times of crisis” (p. 27). Some years ago, Rolf Trauzettel argued that early Southern Song irredentism should be understood from a proto-national frame of reference.6 While that appeared insightful at the time, I find De Weerdt’s formulation persuasive, that what we see here is a commitment to empire, not country or nation. Whether or not this commitment lasted through the late dynasties, as she suggests, is a question to be addressed by others. But she has produced an exhaustively researched and richly textured treatment of printing, literati, and the state, as well as discourses about and conceptualizations of empire in Southern Song China, a study that will long shape how we think about these matters.","PeriodicalId":41503,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Song-Yuan Studies","volume":"47 1","pages":"225 - 227"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/sys.2017.0008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49310345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Introduction: Market Cultures of Production and Consumption","authors":"R. Glahn","doi":"10.1353/SYS.2019.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/SYS.2019.0006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41503,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Song-Yuan Studies","volume":"48 1","pages":"235-240"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/SYS.2019.0006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66351993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
By the late ninth century, after more than two-and-a-half centuries of power, the Tang dynasty was losing its Mandate. As early as the 850s, local unrest had begun to evolve into real rebellion. This growing pattern culminated in the cataclysmic uprising led by Wang Xianzhi 王仙芝 (d. 878) and Huang Chao 黃巢 (835–884) that uprooted the court and upset regional hierarchies throughout the imperial core between 874 and 884. Although the court, following the vanquishing of Huang Chao, returned to Chang’an, its power in the now-desolate capital city was effectively broken. The dynasty endured as a hollow shell until formally deposed by the bandit rebel Zhu Wen 朱溫 (852–912) in 907, but its effective end had long been accomplished. With the collapse of the political center, the empire broke apart. Through the last two-plus decades of nominal Tang authority the landscape was overrun by autonomous warlord armies.1 Some aspired to replacing the Tang, while others had much more limited aims, perhaps best defined as simple predation. This disorder marked the beginning of a century-long interregnum that divides Tang from Song. In the north this era is marked by the so-called Five Dynasties that began with Zhu Wen, first “emperor” of the Later Liang 後梁 “dynasty” (r. 907–912) For the next several decades, until the holistic empire was more-or-less restored by the Song in the latter half of the tenth century,
{"title":"Why Does the Tang-Song Interregnum Matter?: A Focus on the Economies of the South","authors":"H. Clark","doi":"10.1353/SYS.2016.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/SYS.2016.0002","url":null,"abstract":"By the late ninth century, after more than two-and-a-half centuries of power, the Tang dynasty was losing its Mandate. As early as the 850s, local unrest had begun to evolve into real rebellion. This growing pattern culminated in the cataclysmic uprising led by Wang Xianzhi 王仙芝 (d. 878) and Huang Chao 黃巢 (835–884) that uprooted the court and upset regional hierarchies throughout the imperial core between 874 and 884. Although the court, following the vanquishing of Huang Chao, returned to Chang’an, its power in the now-desolate capital city was effectively broken. The dynasty endured as a hollow shell until formally deposed by the bandit rebel Zhu Wen 朱溫 (852–912) in 907, but its effective end had long been accomplished. With the collapse of the political center, the empire broke apart. Through the last two-plus decades of nominal Tang authority the landscape was overrun by autonomous warlord armies.1 Some aspired to replacing the Tang, while others had much more limited aims, perhaps best defined as simple predation. This disorder marked the beginning of a century-long interregnum that divides Tang from Song. In the north this era is marked by the so-called Five Dynasties that began with Zhu Wen, first “emperor” of the Later Liang 後梁 “dynasty” (r. 907–912) For the next several decades, until the holistic empire was more-or-less restored by the Song in the latter half of the tenth century,","PeriodicalId":41503,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Song-Yuan Studies","volume":"46 1","pages":"1 - 28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2018-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/SYS.2016.0002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43115487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Yuji tu 禹跡圖 (Fig. 1) that was engraved into stone in 1136 has become one of the most famous maps in China’s cartographic history.1 It has been the subject of studies by many scholars of historical geography and cartography. In part this has been because it seems to be on the way to becoming a modern map: It is the earliest extant national map that not only appears to have been intended to be geographically accurate, using a scaled grid, but also succeeded to a considerable extent.2 But this is not the only way to think about the map as an historical artifact. Yan Tingting 闫婷婷 has carefully reviewed the scholarship on the Yuji tu. What can we say with certainty? First, we can be sure that the original source used by the 1136 map, and the version known as the Yuji tu 禹迹圖 engraved at Zhenjiang 鎮江 in 1142, dates from the period 1081–94, following Cao Wanru 曹婉如, and perhaps 1087–1089, following Liu Jianguo 劉建 國, based on the dates for changes in the course of the Yellow River and in some administrative place names. The 1142 map states that it was engraved based on the “Chang’an edition” of 1100. Second, we can see that it employs
{"title":"Exploring the Propositions in Maps: The Case of the 'Yuji tu' of 1136","authors":"P. Bol","doi":"10.1353/SYS.2016.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/SYS.2016.0007","url":null,"abstract":"The Yuji tu 禹跡圖 (Fig. 1) that was engraved into stone in 1136 has become one of the most famous maps in China’s cartographic history.1 It has been the subject of studies by many scholars of historical geography and cartography. In part this has been because it seems to be on the way to becoming a modern map: It is the earliest extant national map that not only appears to have been intended to be geographically accurate, using a scaled grid, but also succeeded to a considerable extent.2 But this is not the only way to think about the map as an historical artifact. Yan Tingting 闫婷婷 has carefully reviewed the scholarship on the Yuji tu. What can we say with certainty? First, we can be sure that the original source used by the 1136 map, and the version known as the Yuji tu 禹迹圖 engraved at Zhenjiang 鎮江 in 1142, dates from the period 1081–94, following Cao Wanru 曹婉如, and perhaps 1087–1089, following Liu Jianguo 劉建 國, based on the dates for changes in the course of the Yellow River and in some administrative place names. The 1142 map states that it was engraved based on the “Chang’an edition” of 1100. Second, we can see that it employs","PeriodicalId":41503,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Song-Yuan Studies","volume":"46 1","pages":"209 - 224"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2018-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/SYS.2016.0007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48654002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In contrast to the abundant scholarship on local society and local elites in South China during the Song dynasty, corresponding studies on North China have been largely unavailable because of the shortage of relevant sources. In recent years, 101 newly-discovered epitaphs from Luzhou 潞州, a peripheral region in north China, have begun to change our understanding of the composition and strategies of Song local elites, which has been based on models from South China. Ranging over 162 years, from 960 to 1122, sixty-one of these epitaphs (60%) were written during the first forty-six years of the Northern Song (960–1006), seventy-eight (77%) were written within the dynasty’s first hundred years (960–1059), and twenty-three additional epitaphs (23%) were written after 1069.2 While they vary in length, roughly between 200 to 1,000 characters, most
{"title":"Ancestors, Spouses, and Descendants: The Transformation of Epitaph Writing in Song Luzhou","authors":"Man Xu","doi":"10.1353/SYS.2016.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/SYS.2016.0005","url":null,"abstract":"In contrast to the abundant scholarship on local society and local elites in South China during the Song dynasty, corresponding studies on North China have been largely unavailable because of the shortage of relevant sources. In recent years, 101 newly-discovered epitaphs from Luzhou 潞州, a peripheral region in north China, have begun to change our understanding of the composition and strategies of Song local elites, which has been based on models from South China. Ranging over 162 years, from 960 to 1122, sixty-one of these epitaphs (60%) were written during the first forty-six years of the Northern Song (960–1006), seventy-eight (77%) were written within the dynasty’s first hundred years (960–1059), and twenty-three additional epitaphs (23%) were written after 1069.2 While they vary in length, roughly between 200 to 1,000 characters, most","PeriodicalId":41503,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Song-Yuan Studies","volume":"46 1","pages":"119 - 168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2018-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/SYS.2016.0005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42795888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The writing of a survey text of the arts produced during a single Chinese dynasty is no easy feat, especially when the body of material to be surveyed—as in the case of the Yuan dynasty—is shaped by artistic traditions drawn from throughout the known world during the century it examines. Measured against the scale of the endeavor, the concerns raised above are small; yet these concerns are representative of, rather than exceptional to, the attention paid to detail in the text, the strength of which is found in its Big Picture. Craig Clunas’s Empire of Great Brightness: Visual and Material Cultures of Ming China, 1368–1644, succeeded in surveying the arts of the Ming dynasty (1368–1644) in part because Clunas has written more on the arts of the Ming dynasty than any other living author, and in part because the nativist focus of the Ming dynasty limited the geographical scope of its cultural hinterland.28 In contrast, The Mongol Century is a book that might best have been written by a team of scholars, ideally specialists in the various languages, cultures, and art histories that shaped the Sino-Mongol state, as well as those, cited and uncited in The Mongol Century, whose work collectively has transformed the field in the past twenty years. But to give credit where credit is due, this review is not the first to voice that opinion.29
撰写一篇关于中国一个王朝时期艺术的调查文本绝非易事，尤其是当要调查的材料主体——就像元朝的情况一样——是由其所调查的世纪中来自已知世界的艺术传统所塑造的。以努力的规模来衡量，上面提出的担忧很小；然而，这些担忧代表了文本对细节的关注，而不是例外，文本的力量体现在其大画面中。克雷格·克吕纳斯（Craig Clunas）的《大明帝国：中国明代的视觉和物质文化》（Empire of Great Brightness：Visual and Material Cultures of Ming China，1368-1644）成功地考察了明代的艺术，部分原因是克吕纳斯写的关于明代艺术的文章比任何其他在世的作家都多，这在一定程度上是因为明朝对本土主义的关注限制了其文化腹地的地理范围。28相比之下，《蒙古世纪》这本书最好是由一组学者撰写的，他们最好是研究塑造中国-蒙古国家的各种语言、文化和艺术史的专家，在过去的二十年里，他的工作共同改变了这个领域。但是，为了在应该得到赞扬的地方给予赞扬，这篇评论并不是第一篇发表这一观点的评论。29
{"title":"Modern Chinese Religion I: Song-Liao-Jin-Yuan (960–1368 AD) ed. by John Lagerwey and Pierre Marsone (review)","authors":"B. Haar","doi":"10.1353/SYS.2016.0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/SYS.2016.0013","url":null,"abstract":"The writing of a survey text of the arts produced during a single Chinese dynasty is no easy feat, especially when the body of material to be surveyed—as in the case of the Yuan dynasty—is shaped by artistic traditions drawn from throughout the known world during the century it examines. Measured against the scale of the endeavor, the concerns raised above are small; yet these concerns are representative of, rather than exceptional to, the attention paid to detail in the text, the strength of which is found in its Big Picture. Craig Clunas’s Empire of Great Brightness: Visual and Material Cultures of Ming China, 1368–1644, succeeded in surveying the arts of the Ming dynasty (1368–1644) in part because Clunas has written more on the arts of the Ming dynasty than any other living author, and in part because the nativist focus of the Ming dynasty limited the geographical scope of its cultural hinterland.28 In contrast, The Mongol Century is a book that might best have been written by a team of scholars, ideally specialists in the various languages, cultures, and art histories that shaped the Sino-Mongol state, as well as those, cited and uncited in The Mongol Century, whose work collectively has transformed the field in the past twenty years. But to give credit where credit is due, this review is not the first to voice that opinion.29","PeriodicalId":41503,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Song-Yuan Studies","volume":"46 1","pages":"259 - 281"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2018-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/SYS.2016.0013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49018384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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